EP0657630B1 - Arrangement for active silencing - Google Patents
Arrangement for active silencing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0657630B1 EP0657630B1 EP94118621A EP94118621A EP0657630B1 EP 0657630 B1 EP0657630 B1 EP 0657630B1 EP 94118621 A EP94118621 A EP 94118621A EP 94118621 A EP94118621 A EP 94118621A EP 0657630 B1 EP0657630 B1 EP 0657630B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- loudspeaker
- pipe
- sound
- exhaust gas
- exhaust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/06—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
- F01N1/065—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect by using an active noise source, e.g. speakers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
- G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1787—General system configurations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- G10K2210/10—Applications
- G10K2210/101—One dimensional
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- G10K2210/10—Applications
- G10K2210/112—Ducts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- G10K2210/10—Applications
- G10K2210/128—Vehicles
- G10K2210/1282—Automobiles
- G10K2210/12822—Exhaust pipes or mufflers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- G10K2210/30—Means
- G10K2210/321—Physical
- G10K2210/3227—Resonators
- G10K2210/32272—Helmholtz resonators
Definitions
- the invention is concerned with an arrangement for active sound damping, in particular with one for active sound damping in thermally and chemically stressed exhaust gas streams.
- the term active noise damping is understood to mean a measure in which the noise to be damped is overlaid with a noise that is out of phase by 180 °.
- These - working on the principle of extinguishing sound waves - arrangements are generally designed so that by means of an arrangement the noise to be damped is detected electro-acoustically and transferred from a signal processing arrangement into a signal curve that is 180 ° out of phase with the detected signal curve before the phase-shifted signal to Control of an electroacoustic transducer is used.
- FIG. 2 This basic illustration shows an exhaust pipe 10, in which the exhaust gases coming from the internal combustion engine (not shown) flow (indicated by the puncturing) in the direction of the arrow.
- a cone loudspeaker 12 is inserted into each of these openings 11 in such a way that the loudspeaker diaphragm 13 of the two loudspeakers 12 face each other and are thus in direct contact with the exhaust gases with their mutually facing membrane sides 14.
- the latter is illustrated in that the exhaust gas also fills the areas B of the loudspeakers 12 formed by the membrane cones 13.
- the rear part of the loudspeakers 12, that is to say the part which comprises the magnet system 15, is surrounded by a housing 16 which encapsulates the loudspeakers with respect to the environment.
- the loudspeaker 12 of which causes the sound in the exhaust pipe 10 to be displaced by 180 ° out of phase sound signals good sound cancellation in the exhaust pipe is effected, but it is perceived as a disadvantage that the loudspeaker diaphragms 13 of such an arrangement are in direct contact with the exhaust gases and the exhaust pipe. This is because the exhaust gases are thermally and chemically stressed and these stresses on the one hand change the acoustic properties of the loudspeakers during operation and on the other hand considerably shorten the life of the membranes 13 and their suspensions (not shown).
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an active sound attenuation system which avoids the disadvantages according to the prior art.
- the partition is arranged so that the beam axis S of the loudspeaker, which runs perpendicular to the partition when the loudspeaker is inserted in the partition, intersects the part of the center line M which extends outside the mouth region of the exhaust pipe and that the distance E between the area of the partition in which the loudspeaker is arranged and the intersection of the beam axis S with the center line M carries a maximum of 75% of the largest dimension of the loudspeaker diameter.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the loudspeaker powers required for sound cancellation can be considerably reduced if the spacing between the sound source and the anti-sound source is small.
- the inventor has found that the sound pressure drop from sound events in flowing gases is less than the sound pressure drop in non-flowing gases. The latter has the result that when the sound or anti-sound source is at a large distance from the area in which the two types of sound waves meet, the sound pressure level of the source which is in a gas stream is high and the sound pressure level of the other source which is not exposed to a gas flow, has experienced a disproportionate reduction.
- the disproportionate reduction in the sound pressure level can only be compensated for by applying a higher power to the sound source that is not in the gas flow. Conversely, it means however, this also means that the decrease in the sound pressure level of the source, which is not exposed to a gas flow, is smaller if the distance between this source and the area where the sound waves from both sources meet is reduced.
- this reduction is not without problems, because there the source (loudspeaker), which provides the sound waves for extinguishing the sound waves in the exhaust gas flow, is confronted with the hot exhaust gases.
- the inventive merit can be seen in the fact that the inventor has determined a distance E between the loudspeaker and the exhaust gas flow, which, if observed, ensures an optimum between the lifespan of the loudspeaker and sound cancellation. It is essential here that the beam axis S intersects the center line M in the specified range.
- the beam axis S intersects the center line M at an angle ⁇ between 20 and 90 degrees, preferably at an angle between 20 and 60 degrees, this ensures that the loudspeaker used in the partition is only thermally stressed to a small extent by the exhaust gas flow.
- the distance length E can easily be reduced to a value which corresponds to the radius of the greatest extension of the speaker diameter. This reduction in the distance length E to the respective radius of the loudspeaker is also possible if the angle ⁇ is above 60 degrees. It has been shown, however, that the lifespan of the loudspeaker is slightly reduced at these angular values and that sound cancellation is slightly worse.
- the tube which is inserted into the sound outlet opening is a bass reflex tube
- this tube can be used a vote of the box can be carried out in a very simple manner.
- the bass reflex tube should form the end of the entire exhaust system, since any extension of this tube beyond what is necessary for tuning the box results in a misalignment and thus also leads to a deterioration in sound cancellation.
- a good transfer of the exhaust gases into the pipe with good sound suppression is given if the distance A is not greater than 3 centimeters.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a loudspeaker box 17, which is divided by a partition 18 into two different volumes.
- An opening 19 is inserted into the partition wall 18, into which the loudspeaker 12 is inserted.
- the membrane 13 of the loudspeaker 12 points in the direction of the volume of the box 17, which is provided with the sound outlet opening 20.
- the bass reflex tube 21 is inserted into the sound outlet opening 20, the end of the bass reflex tube 21, which is close to the loudspeaker 12, projecting into the interior of the box 17.
- the other end of the bass reflex tube 21 forms the end of the whole Exhaust system so that the exhaust gases are released into the environment after leaving the bass reflex tube.
- the exhaust pipe 10 is also guided into the volume of the box 17, into which the bass reflex pipe 21 opens, and ends there.
- the direction of flow of the exhaust gases (represented by the puncturing) is indicated by the arrow.
- the exhaust pipe 10 has a smaller inner diameter than the bass reflex pipe 21 and the ends of the exhaust pipe 10 and the bass reflex pipe 21, which protrude into the volume of the box 17, are at a distance A from one another.
- the mutually facing ends of exhaust pipe 10 and bass reflex pipe 21, which are also referred to as mouth areas 22, have the same central axis M, so that if one neglects the mutual distance A between the two pipes 10, 21, of a coaxial arrangement of both tubes 10, 21 can be spoken.
- the partition wall 18 in the area in which the loudspeaker 12 is arranged being shaped in such a way that the beam axis S of the loudspeaker 12 running perpendicular to the partition wall 18 is aligned with the axis of symmetry of the loudspeaker 12 coincides, the center line M, which runs through the mouth regions 22 of the tubes 10, 21 and the distance A, intersects outside the mouth region 22 of the exhaust pipe 10.
- the point of intersection between the beam axis S and the center line M lies within the tube 21.
- the angle ⁇ between the center line M and the beam axis S has a value of approximately 45 °.
- the distance A between the facing mouth regions is 2 cm.
- the distance length E which indicates the length of the beam axis S between the partition 18 and the intersection of the beam axis S with the center line M, is 75% of the largest diameter extension of the loudspeaker 12 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
- the sound cancellation can be further increased, the distance length E can also be reduced below 50% of the largest diameter extension of the loudspeaker 12. It should be noted here, however, that at values below 50% of the largest loudspeaker extension, the lifespan of the loudspeaker is considerably reduced because of the close proximity of the exhaust gas flow and loudspeaker 12.
- the lifespan of loudspeakers 12 spaced in this way is still significantly longer than that of arrangements according to DE 43 17 403.5.
- the loudspeaker box 17 forms the end of the entire exhaust system and thus the hot exhaust gases on the way from the internal combustion engine to the end of the exhaust pipe are already largely cooled and, further, that according to the arrangement of the present application Exhaust pipe 10 is spaced from the loudspeaker 12 in the front chamber of the box 17, or the exhaust pipe 10 to the bass reflex pipe 21 is very streamlined.
- the fact that the loudspeaker 12 used in the box 17 is operated for sound cancellation with a very low continuous output also has a temperature-reducing effect.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung befaßt sich mit einer Anordnung zur aktiven Schalldämpfung, insbesondere mit einer solchen zur aktiven Schalldämpfung in thermisch und chemisch belasteten Abgasströmen.The invention is concerned with an arrangement for active sound damping, in particular with one for active sound damping in thermally and chemically stressed exhaust gas streams.
Gemäß dem Stand der Technik wird unter dem Begriff der aktiven Schalldämpfung eine Maßnahme verstanden, bei welcher das zu dämpfende Geräusch mit einem jedoch um 180° phasenverschobenen Geräusch überlagert wird. Diese - nach dem Prinzip der Auslöschung von Schallwellen arbeitenden - Anordnungen sind allgemein so ausgebildet, daß mittels einer Anordnung das zu dämpfende Geräusch elektroakustisch erfaßt und von einer Signalverarbeitungsanordnung in einen gegenüber dem detektierten Signalverlauf um 180° phasenverschobenen Signalverlauf transferiert wird, bevor das phasenverschobene Signal zur Steuerung eines elektroakustischen Wandlers verwendet wird.According to the prior art, the term active noise damping is understood to mean a measure in which the noise to be damped is overlaid with a noise that is out of phase by 180 °. These - working on the principle of extinguishing sound waves - arrangements are generally designed so that by means of an arrangement the noise to be damped is detected electro-acoustically and transferred from a signal processing arrangement into a signal curve that is 180 ° out of phase with the detected signal curve before the phase-shifted signal to Control of an electroacoustic transducer is used.
Sollen unter Anwendung dieses Prinzips beispielsweise Abgasströme, wie sie etwa in Auspuffanlagen von Verbrennungsmaschinen auftreten, behandelt werden, muß neben der Schalldämpfung auch gewährleistet bleiben, daß der Abgasstrom in der Auspuffanlage selbst durch die Beschallung mit dem "Antischall" nicht behindert wird. Damit diese Forderung eingehalten wird, wird nach dem Stand der Technik zumindest ein akustischer Wandler in Form eines Lautsprechers so mit der Auspuffanlage verbunden, daß dessen eine Membranseite in direktem Kontakt mit den vorbeiströmenden Abgasen steht. Eine solche Anordnung ist in Figur 2 näher gezeigt. Diese Prinzipdarstellung zeigt ein Abgasrohr 10, in welchem die von der Verbrennungsmaschine (nicht dargestellt) kommenden Abgase (angedeutet durch die Punktierung) in Pfeilrichtung strömen. Beiderseits des Abgasrohres 10 sind zwei einander gegenüberliegende Öffnungen 11 eingelassen. In jede dieser Öffnungen 11 ist ein Konuslautsprecher 12 so eingesetzt, daß die Lautsprechermembran 13 der beiden Lautsprecher 12 einander zugewandt sind und somit mit ihren einander zugewandten Membranseiten 14 in direktem Kontakt mit den Abgasen stehen. Letzteres ist dadurch veranschaulicht, daß das Abgas auch die von den Membrankonen 13 gebildeten Bereiche B der Lautsprecher 12 ausfüllen. Der rückwärtige Teil der Lautsprecher 12, also der Teil, welcher das Magnetsystem 15 umfaßt, ist von einem Gehäuse 16 umgeben, welches die Lautsprecher gegenüber der Umwelt kapselt.If, for example, exhaust gas flows, such as occur in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines, are to be treated using this principle, it must also be ensured, in addition to sound insulation, that the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust system itself is not hindered by the sonication with the "anti-noise". So that this requirement is met, according to the prior art, at least one acoustic transducer in the form of a loudspeaker is connected to the exhaust system in such a way that its one side of the membrane is in direct contact with the exhaust gases flowing past. Such an arrangement is shown in more detail in FIG. 2. This basic illustration shows an
Wenngleich mit einer solchen Anordnung, deren Lautsprecher 12 den Schall im Abgasrohr 10 mit einem um 180° phasenverschobenen Schallsignalen beaufschlagen, eine gute Schallauslöschung im Abgasrohr bewirkt wird, wird jedoch als nachteilig empfunden, daß die Lautsprechermembranen 13 derartiger Anordnung in direktem Kontakt mit den Abgasen und dem Abgasrohr stehen. Dies deshalb, weil die Abgase thermisch und chemisch belastet sind und diese Belastungen zum einen die akustischen Eigenschaften der Lautsprecher während des Betriebs verändern sowie zum weiteren die Lebensdauer der Membranen 13 sowie ihrer Aufhängungen (nicht dargestellt) erheblich verkürzen. Auch der Einsatz von verbesserten Materialien und hochwertigen Klebstoffen zur Bildung geeigneter Lautsprecher kann - wie Versuche der Anmelderin gezeigt haben - das Lebensdauerproblem nur unzureichend lösen, weil aus akustischen Gründen ein Rückgriff auf temperaturfeste und chemisch beständige Werkstoffe nur bedingt möglich ist.Although such an arrangement, the
Eine weitere Anordnung zur aktiven Schalldämpfung ist aus der bislang noch nicht veröffentlichten Anmeldung DE 43 17 403.5 bekannt. Gemäß dieser Anordnung wird der "Antischall" in einer nach dem Doppelkammerprinzip arbeitenden Lautsprecherbox erzeugt und über ein in die vordere Kammer der Box eingesetztes Baßreflexrohr außerhalb der Box mit der Abgasleitung zusammengeführt. Wenngleich bei einer solchen Anordnung die thermische und chemische Belastung der Lautsprechermembran gering ist, erfordert eine derartige Anordnung außerordentlich hohe Schalldrücke, so daß Dauerleistungen der oder des verwendeten Lautsprechers von etwa 160 Watt keine Seltenheit sind. Ferner kann die mit dieser Anordnung bewirkte Schallauslöschung noch nicht als optimal angesehen werden, weil durch diese Anordnung ein Dipolstrahler entsteht, der im Raum, d. h. außerhalb der Abgasanlage Interferenzerscheinungen zeigt und somit nicht an jeder Stelle eine Schallauslöschung bewirkt. Ferner ist die schlechte Schallauslöschung der aus DE 43 17 403.5 bekannten Anordnung auch darauf zurückzuführen, daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Abgasrohr erheblich größer ist als die durch die Membran bewegte Luft.Another arrangement for active sound attenuation is known from the previously unpublished application DE 43 17 403.5. According to this arrangement, the "anti-noise" is generated in a loudspeaker box working according to the double chamber principle and is brought together with the exhaust pipe outside the box via a bass reflex tube inserted in the front chamber of the box. Although with such an arrangement the thermal and chemical stress on the loudspeaker diaphragm is low, such an arrangement requires extremely high sound pressures, so that continuous output of the loudspeaker or the loudspeaker used of about 160 watts is not uncommon. Furthermore, the sound cancellation effected with this arrangement cannot yet be regarded as optimal, because this arrangement creates a dipole radiator which is located in the room, ie. H. shows interference phenomena outside the exhaust system and therefore does not cause sound cancellation at every point. Furthermore, the poor sound cancellation of the arrangement known from DE 43 17 403.5 is also due to the fact that the flow velocity in the exhaust pipe is considerably greater than the air moving through the membrane.
Außerdem ist aus Schrift WO 93/05282 eine Anordnung bekannt, bei welcher der Lautsprecher in eine Trennwand einer nach dem Doppelkammerprinzip arbeitenden Box eingesetzt ist. Auch gemäß dieser Anordnung ist der jeweilige Lautsprecher sehr weit von dem Bereich entfernt, in welchem die Auslöschung der im Abgasstrom enthaltenen Schallwellen durch den vom Lautsprecher erzeugten Antischall erfolgt. Mit anderen Worten, durch diese große Beabstandung hat der in der Schrift WO 93/05282 zur Führung der vom Lautsprecher ausgesandten Schallwellen zum Auslöschbereich vorhandene Raum die Wirkung eines in DE 43 17 403.5 gezeigten Baßreflexrohres, so daß auch die in der Anordnung gemäß WO 93/05282 eingesetzten Lautsprecher hohe Dauerleistungen erfordern.In addition, an arrangement is known from document WO 93/05282, in which the loudspeaker is inserted into a partition wall of a box operating according to the double chamber principle. According to this arrangement, too, the respective loudspeaker is very far from the area in which the sound waves contained in the exhaust gas flow are extinguished by the anti-sound generated by the loudspeaker. In other words, this large spacing means that the space available in WO 93/05282 for guiding the sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker to the extinguishing area has the effect of a bass reflex tube shown in DE 43 17 403.5, so that the arrangement in accordance with WO 93 / 05282 loudspeakers require high continuous output.
Daher liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein aktives Schalldämpfungssystem anzugeben, welches die Nachteile gemäß dem Stand der Technik vermeidet.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an active sound attenuation system which avoids the disadvantages according to the prior art.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gelöst, daß die Trennwand so geordnet ist, daß die Strahlachse S des Lautsprechers, welche bei in die Trennwand eingesetztem Lautsprecher senkrecht zur Trennwand verläuft, den Teil der Mittellinie M schneidet, welcher außerhalb des Mündungsbereiches des Abgasrohres verläuft und daß die Entfernungslänge E zwischen dem Bereich der Trennwand, in welchem der Lautsprecher angeordnet ist, und dem Schnittpunkt der Strahlachse S mit der Mittellinie M maximal 75 % der größten Ausdehnung des Lautsprecherdurchmessers trägt.This object is achieved according to claim 1 in that the partition is arranged so that the beam axis S of the loudspeaker, which runs perpendicular to the partition when the loudspeaker is inserted in the partition, intersects the part of the center line M which extends outside the mouth region of the exhaust pipe and that the distance E between the area of the partition in which the loudspeaker is arranged and the intersection of the beam axis S with the center line M carries a maximum of 75% of the largest dimension of the loudspeaker diameter.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß die zur Schallauslöschung erforderlichen Lautsprecherleistungen erheblich reduziert werden können, wenn die Beabstandung der Schallquelle und der Antischallquelle gering ist. In diesem Zusammenhang hat der Erfinder herausgefunden, daß die Schalldruckabnahme von Schallereignissen in strömenden Gasen geringer ist als die Schalldruckabnahme in nichtströmenden Gasen. Letzteres führte dazu, daß bei großer Beabstandung der Schall- bzw. Antischallquelle zu dem Bereich, in welchem die beiden Arten von Schallwellen aufeinander treffen, der Schalldruckpegel der Quelle, welche sich in einem Gasstrom befindet, hoch ist und der Schalldruckpegel der anderen Quelle, welche keinem Gasstrom ausgesetzt ist, eine überproportionale Minderung erfahren hat. Sollen die bestehenden Abstände nicht vermindert werden, kann die überproportionale Verminderung im Schalldruckpegel nur dadurch kompensiert werden, daß die nicht im Gasstrom befindliche Schallquelle mit einer höheren Leistung beaufschlagt wird. Im Umkehrschluß heißt dies aber auch, daß die Abnahme des Schalldruckpegels der Quelle, welche keinem Gasstrom ausgesetzt ist, geringer ausfällt, wenn der Abstand zwischen dieser Quelle und dem Bereich, an welchem die Schallwellen von beiden Quellen aufeinander treffen, verringert wird. Diese Verringerung ist aber nicht unproblematisch, weil dort die Quelle (Lautsprecher), welche die Schallwellen zur Auslöschung der Schallwellen im Abgasstrom bereitstellt, mit den heißen Abgasen konfrontiert wird. Daher ist der erfinderische Verdienst darin zu sehen, daß der Erfinder eine Entfernungslänge E zwischen Lautsprecher und Abgasstrom ermittelt hat, die, wenn sie eingehalten wird, ein Optimum zwischen Lebensdauer des Lautsprechers und Schallauslöschung gewährleistet. Hierbei ist es wesentlich, daß die Strahlachse S die Mittellinie M im angegebenen Bereich schneidet.The invention is based on the knowledge that the loudspeaker powers required for sound cancellation can be considerably reduced if the spacing between the sound source and the anti-sound source is small. In this connection, the inventor has found that the sound pressure drop from sound events in flowing gases is less than the sound pressure drop in non-flowing gases. The latter has the result that when the sound or anti-sound source is at a large distance from the area in which the two types of sound waves meet, the sound pressure level of the source which is in a gas stream is high and the sound pressure level of the other source which is is not exposed to a gas flow, has experienced a disproportionate reduction. If the existing distances are not to be reduced, the disproportionate reduction in the sound pressure level can only be compensated for by applying a higher power to the sound source that is not in the gas flow. Conversely, it means however, this also means that the decrease in the sound pressure level of the source, which is not exposed to a gas flow, is smaller if the distance between this source and the area where the sound waves from both sources meet is reduced. However, this reduction is not without problems, because there the source (loudspeaker), which provides the sound waves for extinguishing the sound waves in the exhaust gas flow, is confronted with the hot exhaust gases. Therefore, the inventive merit can be seen in the fact that the inventor has determined a distance E between the loudspeaker and the exhaust gas flow, which, if observed, ensures an optimum between the lifespan of the loudspeaker and sound cancellation. It is essential here that the beam axis S intersects the center line M in the specified range.
Schneidet die Strahlachse S die Mittellinie M unter einem Winkel α zwischen 20 und 90 Grad, bevorzugt mit einem Winkel zwischen 20 und 60 Grad, so ist dadurch sichergestellt, daß der in die Trennwand eingesetzte Lautsprecher durch den Abgasstrom nur in geringem Umfang thermisch belastet wird.If the beam axis S intersects the center line M at an angle α between 20 and 90 degrees, preferably at an angle between 20 and 60 degrees, this ensures that the loudspeaker used in the partition is only thermally stressed to a small extent by the exhaust gas flow.
Liegt der Winkel α im bevorzugten Bereich, läßt sich die Entfernungslänge E problemlos auf einen Wert absenken, der den Radius der größten Ausdehnung des Lautsprecherdurchmessers entspricht. Diese Verminderung der Entfernungslänge E auf den jeweiligen Radius des Lautsprechers ist auch dann möglich, wenn der Winkel α oberhalb von 60 Grad liegt. Hierbei hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß bei diesen Winkelwerten die Lebensdauer des Lautsprechers leicht vermindert ist sowie eine leicht verschlechterte Schallauslöschung auftritt.If the angle α is in the preferred range, the distance length E can easily be reduced to a value which corresponds to the radius of the greatest extension of the speaker diameter. This reduction in the distance length E to the respective radius of the loudspeaker is also possible if the angle α is above 60 degrees. It has been shown, however, that the lifespan of the loudspeaker is slightly reduced at these angular values and that sound cancellation is slightly worse.
Ist das Rohr, welches in die Schallaustrittsöffnung eingesetzt ist, ein Baßreflexrohr, so kann über dieses Rohr eine Abstimmung der Box in sehr einfacher Weise ausgeführt werden. In diesem Fall sollte das Baßreflexrohr das Ende der gesamten Abgasanlage bilden, da jede Verlängerung dieses Rohres über das für die Abstimmung der Box erforderliche Maß hinaus eine Fehlabstimmung zur Folge hat und damit auch zu einer Verschlechterung der Schallauslöschung führt.If the tube which is inserted into the sound outlet opening is a bass reflex tube, then this tube can be used a vote of the box can be carried out in a very simple manner. In this case, the bass reflex tube should form the end of the entire exhaust system, since any extension of this tube beyond what is necessary for tuning the box results in a misalignment and thus also leads to a deterioration in sound cancellation.
Eine gute Überleitung der Auspuffgase in das Rohr bei guter Schallauslöschung ist dann gegeben, wenn der Abstand A nicht größer als 3 Zentimeter ist.A good transfer of the exhaust gases into the pipe with good sound suppression is given if the distance A is not greater than 3 centimeters.
Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- einen Schnitt durch ein aktives Schalldämpfungssystem, und
- Figur 2
- eine Darstellung gemäß Figur 1, jedoch nach dem Stand der Technik, und
- Figure 1
- a section through an active noise reduction system, and
- Figure 2
- a representation of Figure 1, but according to the prior art, and
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand der Figure 1 erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained with reference to Figure 1.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine Lautsprecherbox 17, die mittels einer Trennwand 18 in zwei unterschiedlich große Volumina unterteilt ist. In die Trennwand 18 ist eine Öffnung 19 eingelassen, in welche der Lautsprecher 12 eingesetzt ist. In dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Membran 13 des Lautsprechers 12 in Richtung des Volumens der Box 17, welches mit der Schallaustrittsöffnung 20 versehen ist. In die Schallaustrittsöffnung 20 ist das Baßreflexrohr 21 eingesetzt, wobei das dem Lautsprecher 12 nahe Ende des Baßreflexrohrs 21 bis ins Innere der Box 17 ragt. Das andere Ende des Baßreflexrohres 21 bildet das Ende der gesamten Abgasanlage, so daß die Abgase nach dem Verlassen des Baßreflexrohres an die Umwelt abgegeben werden.Figure 1 shows a section through a
Das Abgasrohr 10 ist ebenfalls in das Volumen der Box 17, in welches das Baßreflexrohr 21 mündet, geführt und endet dort. Die Strömungsrichtung der Abgase (dargestellt durch die Punktierung) ist durch den Pfeil angedeutet. Deutlich ist der Figur 1 entnehmbar, daß das Abgasrohr 10 gegenüber dem Baßreflexrohr 21 einen kleineren Innendurchmesser aufweist und die Enden des Abgasrohres 10 und des Baßreflexrohres 21, welche in das Volumen der Box 17 hineinragen, zueinander den Abstand A einnehmen. Ferner ist Figur 1 entnehmbar, daß die einander zugewandten Enden von Abgasrohr 10 und Baßreflexrohr 21, welche auch als Mündundungsbereiche 22 bezeichnet sind, die gleiche Mittelachse M haben, so daß, wenn man den gegenseitigen Abstand A zwischen beiden Rohren 10, 21 vernachläßigt, von einer Koaxialanordnung beider Rohre 10, 21 gesprochen werden kann.The
Die besonders gute Schallauslöschung im Inneren der Box 17 wird dadurch sicher gestellt, die Trennwand 18 in dem Bereich, in welchem der Lautsprecher 12 angeordnet ist, so geformt ist, daß die senktrecht zur Trennwand 18 verlaufende Strahlachse S des Lautsprechers 12, welche mit der Symmetrieachse des Lautsprechers 12 zusammenfällt, die Mittellinie M, welche durch die Mündungsbereiche 22 der Rohre 10, 21 und den Abstand A verläuft, außerhalb des Mündungsbereichs 22 des Abgasrohres 10 schneidet. Im hier dagestellten Ausführungsbeispiel liegt der Schnittpunkt zwischen der Strahlachse S und der Mittellinie M innerhalb des Rohres 21. Der Winkel α zwischen der Mittelinie M und der Strahlachse S hat einen Wert von etwa 45°. Der Abstand A zwischen den einander zugewandten Mündungsbereichen liegt bei 2 cm. Dieser Wert stellt sicher, daß der Abgasstrom, welcher im Abgasrohr 10 bis auf den Mündungsbereich 22 schräg zum Rohr 21 verläuft, gut vom Rohr 21 übernommen wird. Die Entfernungslänge E, welche die Länge der Strahlachse S zwischen der Trennwand 18 und dem Schnittpunkt der Strahlachse S mit der Mittellinie M angibt, beträgt im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel 75% der größten Duchmesserausdehnung des Lautsprechers 12. Soll in einem anderen -nicht dargestellten- Ausführungsbespiel die Schallauslöschung weiter gesteigert werden, kann die Entfernungslänge E auch unter 50% der größten Durchmesserausdehnung des Lautsprechers 12 abgesenkt werden. Hierbei ist aber zu beachten, daß bei Werten von unterhalb 50% der größten Lautsprecherausdehnung wegen der geringen Nähe von Abgasstrom und Lautsprecher 12 die Lebensdauer des Lautsprechers erheblich reduziert ist. Gleichwohl liegt die Lebensdauer derart beabstandeter Lautsprecher 12 immer noch deutlich über derjenigen von Anordnungen gemäß DE 43 17 403.5. Dies ist auch darauf zurückzuführen, daß zum einen die Lautsprecherbox 17 das Ende der gesamten Abgasanlage bildet und somit die heißen Abgase auf dem Weg von der Verbrennungsmaschine zum Ende des Abgasrohres schon weitgehend abgekühlt sind und zum weiteren darauf, daß gemäß der Anordnung der vorliegenden Anmeldung das Abgasrohr 10 vom Lautsprecher 12 in der vorderen Kammer der Box 17 beabstandet ist bzw. das Abgasrohr 10 zum Baßreflexrohr 21 sehr strömungsgünstig liegt. Ferner wirkt auch der Umstand temperaturmindernd, daß der in die Box 17 eingesetzte Lautsprecher 12 zur Schallauslöschung mit sehr geringer Dauerleistung betrieben wird.The particularly good sound cancellation inside the
Claims (5)
- Active sound-damping system for exhaust systems, having at least one loudspeaker (12), that is mounted in the baffle (18) of a loudspeaker enclosure (17) operating according to the twin-chamber principle, the one volume formed by the baffle (18) being provided with a sound outlet opening (20) in which a pipe (21) is inserted, and having an exhaust pipe (10) which ends in the volume formed by the baffle (18), which volume is provided with a sound outlet opening (20), whereby the opposing ends of the two pipes (10, 21) which share the same centre line M, at least in the region of their openings (22), are separated by a distance A,
characterised in that
the baffle (18) is arranged so that the acoustic axis S of a loudspeaker (12) mounted in the baffle (18) intersects the part of the centre line M which runs outside the region of the opening (22) of the exhaust pipe (10), and that the distance E between the region of the baffle (18) in which the loudspeaker (12) is arranged, and the point of intersection of the acoustic axis S of the loudspeaker (12) and the centre line M, does not exceed 75 % of the largest dimension of the loudspeaker diameter. - Active sound-damping system according to Claim 1,
characterised in that
the acoustic axis S and the centre line M enclose an angle α of between 20 and 90 degrees. - Active sound-damping system according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
the distance E is equal to the radius of the largest dimension of the loudspeaker diameter. - Active sound-damping system according to one of the Claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that
the pipe (21) inserted into the sound outlet opening (20) is a bass reflex pipe and that together with its end facing away from the enclosure (17), the bass reflex pipe (21) forms the complete end of the exhaust system. - Active sound-damping system according to one of the Claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that
the distance A does not exceed 3 centimetres.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4342133 | 1993-12-10 | ||
| DE4342133A DE4342133A1 (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1993-12-10 | Arrangement for active noise reduction |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0657630A1 EP0657630A1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
| EP0657630B1 true EP0657630B1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
Family
ID=6504651
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94118621A Expired - Lifetime EP0657630B1 (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1994-11-26 | Arrangement for active silencing |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5466899A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0657630B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07271381A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE143715T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2136293A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4342133A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0657630T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2095124T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5677961A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1997-10-14 | Von Reusner; Johannes | Connecting element for speaker elements |
| EP0755045B1 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2002-10-02 | Harman Audio Electronic Systems GmbH | Sound wave cancellation arrangement |
| US5828759A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1998-10-27 | Siemens Electric Limited | System and method for reducing engine noise |
| US5966452A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-10-12 | American Technology Corporation | Sound reduction method and system for jet engines |
| US6084971A (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 2000-07-04 | Siemens Electric Limited | Active noise attenuation system |
| US6072880A (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2000-06-06 | Tenneco Automotive Inc. | Modular active silencer with port dish |
| US20010046302A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-11-29 | Daly Paul D. | Active noise cancellation optimized air gaps |
| US20010046300A1 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-11-29 | Mclean Ian R. | Offline active control of automotive noise |
| US20010036279A1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-01 | Daly Paul D. | Active noise cancellation system |
| US20010036282A1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-01 | Roy Haworth | Active noise attenuation inlet microphone system |
| US6996242B2 (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2006-02-07 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc. | Integrated and active noise control inlet |
| US6557665B2 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2003-05-06 | Siemens Canada Limited | Active dipole inlet using drone cone speaker driver |
| US6775384B2 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2004-08-10 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc. | Environmentally robust noise attenuation system |
| US6898289B2 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2005-05-24 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc. | Integrated active noise attenuation system and fluid reservoir |
| US20020039422A1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-04 | Daly Paul D. | Driving mode for active noise cancellation |
| US6702061B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2004-03-09 | Siemens Vdo Automotive, Inc. | Environmentally protected microphone for an active noise control system |
| US6684977B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2004-02-03 | Siemens Vdo Automotive, Inc. | Speaker retention assembly for an active noise control system |
| WO2003028007A1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2003-04-03 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc. | Modular active noise cancellation air filter speaker and microphone assembly |
| US20030112981A1 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2003-06-19 | Siemens Vdo Automotive, Inc. | Active noise control with on-line-filtered C modeling |
| US9038899B2 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2015-05-26 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Obtaining user assistance |
| DE102006010558A1 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-13 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Active silencer for an exhaust system |
| DE102006042224B3 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-01-17 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Active sound absorber for exhaust-gas system of internal-combustion engine particularly in motor vehicle, has anti sound generator comprises membrane drive, with which anti sound generator is coupled with external wall of sound absorber |
| DE102008018085A1 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-15 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Active muffler |
| DE102009032553A1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-20 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Exhaust system and associated connection arrangement for an actuator |
| US9394812B2 (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-07-19 | Aai Corporation | Attenuating engine noise using a reverse resonator |
| DE102014016397A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-12 | Gunter Henkel | Sleep hood: Device for reducing or eliminating snoring and sleeping sounds |
| DE202014008783U1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2014-12-12 | Gunter Henkel | Sleep hood - Device for reducing or eliminating snoring and sleeping sounds |
| US9459536B1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2016-10-04 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Negative tone developer composition for extreme ultraviolet lithography |
| DE102017127454A1 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-23 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh | Sound generating device and vehicle exhaust system |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU836652A1 (en) * | 1979-07-18 | 1981-06-07 | Научно-Исследовательский Институтстроительной Физики Госстроя Cccp | Noise suppressing device |
| US4665549A (en) * | 1985-12-18 | 1987-05-12 | Nelson Industries Inc. | Hybrid active silencer |
| US5044464A (en) * | 1990-01-23 | 1991-09-03 | Nelson Industries, Inc. | Active acoustic attenuation mixing chamber |
| US5272286A (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1993-12-21 | Active Noise And Vibration Technologies, Inc. | Single cavity automobile muffler |
| DE4027511C1 (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1991-10-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V., 8000 Muenchen, De | |
| GB9118779D0 (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1991-10-16 | Active Noise & Vibration Tech | Muffler |
| JPH05232974A (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1993-09-10 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | Noise control device |
| US5336856A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-08-09 | Arvin Industries, Inc. | Electronic muffler assembly with exhaust bypass |
-
1993
- 1993-12-10 DE DE4342133A patent/DE4342133A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-11-21 CA CA002136293A patent/CA2136293A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-11-26 DE DE59400768T patent/DE59400768D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-26 EP EP94118621A patent/EP0657630B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-26 AT AT94118621T patent/ATE143715T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-26 DK DK94118621.5T patent/DK0657630T3/en active
- 1994-11-26 ES ES94118621T patent/ES2095124T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-02 US US08/348,739 patent/US5466899A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-12 JP JP6307971A patent/JPH07271381A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2136293A1 (en) | 1995-06-11 |
| DK0657630T3 (en) | 1997-02-24 |
| JPH07271381A (en) | 1995-10-20 |
| DE59400768D1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
| EP0657630A1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
| US5466899A (en) | 1995-11-14 |
| DE4342133A1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
| ATE143715T1 (en) | 1996-10-15 |
| ES2095124T3 (en) | 1997-02-01 |
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