EP0643438B1 - Leaky coaxial cable for radio frequency - Google Patents

Leaky coaxial cable for radio frequency Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0643438B1
EP0643438B1 EP94110855A EP94110855A EP0643438B1 EP 0643438 B1 EP0643438 B1 EP 0643438B1 EP 94110855 A EP94110855 A EP 94110855A EP 94110855 A EP94110855 A EP 94110855A EP 0643438 B1 EP0643438 B1 EP 0643438B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
period length
cable
slots
sections
constant
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EP94110855A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0643438A1 (en
Inventor
Dipl.-Ing. Karl Schulze-Buxloh
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel SA
Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale dElectricite
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203—Leaky coaxial lines

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a radiating coaxial radio frequency cable with openings in the outer conductor, which is considered to be substantially perpendicular to the Cable axis arranged slots are formed.
  • Cables of the generic type are well known because of the outside through the slots in the outer conductor they act on urgent electromagnetic energy practical as antennas that allow communication between mobile receivers and fixed transmitter enable. Looking at the slot configuration above the entire cable length, then it is practically a series of antennas connected in series, the one Cause radiation field in the vicinity of the cable. How already known (DE-A1-41 06 890 or corresponding EP-A1-0 502 337) results however along the cable due to the natural cable loss and the radiation a decrease in the intensity of the radiated power over the cable length. In practice this means that the system damping is approximately between one Vehicle and the radiating cable from the entry point the radio frequency energy in the cable along the Cable length increases.
  • the steps of the invention lead in addition to Increase the range of data transmission at the same time to reduce the signal variations as well to reduce the signal dynamics on the mobile Participant or transmitter.
  • Increasing the maximum length of the radiating high-frequency cable with compensated Line loss leads to increased flexibility in the Coordination of the respective properties of the Transmission system.
  • Known cable constructions of the generic type Embodiments have e.g. B. an inner conductor, a this enclosing plastic insulation and a outer conductor arranged above it, which a certain Distribution at openings for the exit of the Radiation energy provides. Then applied a plastic outer jacket (GB 20 62 359 A).
  • GB 21 27 621 A looks over the extruded insulation of the inner conductor tape wrapping applied in two layers is, with the turns of each layer applied with a gap are so that through openings are formed, through which the electromagnetic energy to the outside can kick. Since these constructions apart from the selected configuration of the openings in the outer conductor today's requirements regarding lower Dielectric constants, bending properties, Longitudinal watertightness etc.
  • the radiating High-frequency cable from a concentric to the inner conductor arranged and by spacers to the inner conductor in its location held plastic tube that the band-shaped, slotted outer conductor carries.
  • a spacer e.g. B. washers sprayed onto the inner conductor are used, over which then a thin plastic tube is extruded, forms in the longitudinal direction of the cable self-contained one behind the other Air chambers that are among the good electrical and mechanical properties of a cable according to the invention contribute.
  • the outer conductor of the radiating cable consists of a copper tape that insulates the Inner conductor, advantageous in carrying out the invention a sprayed over an annular spacer Plastic pipe, is applied.
  • the conductor already contains the tape for this slot configuration required for certain cable type
  • the tape runs lengthways around the plastic tube laid around, advantageously so far that the band edges overlap each other so that even with strong bends the cable by unfolding the band edges none Damage occurs. For this reason you can too go to the overlapping band edges mechanically with each other, for example by gluing or soldering connect.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 illustrated embodiments explained in more detail.
  • a radiating coaxial High-frequency cable also known as leakage cable, for Data transfer between stationary and mobile Units and vice versa, for example for arrangement in a train tunnel.
  • a cable consists of the Inner conductor 1, for example in the form of a one Polyethylene strand 2 folded metal tape, preferably made of copper, as well as at intervals on the Inner conductor 1 arranged spacer washer 3, about which is a tubular shell 4 made of a thermoplastic Material, for example polyethylene is extruded. Be conditioned by this constructive structure air-filled self-contained chambers 5 formed at the same time a longitudinal water tightness of the cable guarantee.
  • the outer conductor 6, in the present Embodiment one with the corresponding Configuration of slots 7 pre-punched copper tape, is wrapped around the insulating sleeve 4, so that the band edges overlap each other in their the edges are overlapped, for example Gluing, soldering or welding held.
  • the outer jacket 8 is used for mechanical protection abrasion-resistant plastic, possibly also in flame retardant design.
  • the cable according to the invention offers itself insofar as, as shown, inside the Plastic core 2 is an optical element, for example a hollow fiber 9 containing optical fibers is arranged is.
  • the course of the line loss ⁇ L or the coupling loss ⁇ K in FIG. 2 is that of a so-called standard cable (S) with the same number of slots and the same period length. Because of the rapidly increasing system attenuation from the entry point (SP) of the cable, only relatively short lengths can be bridged with this cable.
  • V Vario cable
  • P Different number of slots per cable Period length on.
  • the outer conductor has a slot in the first section in the following sections follow two, four, eight and sixteen slots.
  • the number of slots becomes the increasing attenuation along the cable according to the sawtooth curve original value increased, with only gently sloping System attenuation can be used to lengthen the received field strength of the cable are kept constant in the first approximation.
  • Such an embodiment is the subject of the previous one Patent application DE-OS 41 06 890.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention as a so-called double-vario cable (DV) with a different number of slots and a different period length.
  • the individual sections along the cable each have a slot in the first three sections, followed by two, four, eight and two sixteen slots.
  • the period length also varies here with P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 .
  • FIG. 7 finally shows a slot configuration in which in the first First keep the number of slots and the Period length is reduced and then itself both slot number and period length steady if also change in the opposite sense.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

In the case of a leaky coaxial radio-frequency cable having openings in the outer conductor (6) which are constructed as slots (7) arranged essentially at right angles to the cable axis, sections having a periodically recurring slot configuration are provided along the cable, which sections either have a different period length with the same number of slots per period length, and/or have a different number of slots per period length, with the same period length. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung befaßt sich mit einem abstrahlenden koaxialen Hochfrequenzkabel mit Öffnungen im Außenleiter, die als im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Kabelachse angeordnete Schlitze ausgebildet sind.The present invention is concerned with a radiating coaxial radio frequency cable with openings in the outer conductor, which is considered to be substantially perpendicular to the Cable axis arranged slots are formed.

Kabel der gattungsgemäßen Art sind hinlänglich bekannt, wegen der durch die Schlitze im Außenleiter nach außen dringenden elektromagnetischen Energie wirken sie praktisch als Antennen, die eine Kommunikation zwischen beweglichen Empfängern und ortsgebundenem Sender ermöglichen. Betrachtet man die Schlitzkonfiguration über die gesamte Kabellänge, dann handelt es sich praktisch um eine Reihe hintereinander geschalteter Antennen, die ein Strahlungsfeld in der Umgebung des Kabels bewirken. Wie bereits bekannt (DE-A1-41 06 890 bzw. korespondierende EP-A1-0 502 337)) ergibt sich jedoch längs des Kabels aufgrund der natürlichen Kabeldämpfung und der Abstrahlung eine Intensitätsabnahme der abgestrahlten Leistung über die Kabellänge. In der Praxis bedeutet dies, daß die Systemdämpfung etwa zwischen einem Fahrzeug und dem abstrahlenden Kabel vom Einspeisepunkt der Hochfrequenzenergie in das Kabel entlang der Kabellänge zunimmt. Um nun sicherzustellen, daß die Empfangsfeldstärke beim mobilen Teilnehmer zumindest in etwa konstant gehalten wird, sieht das bekannte abstrahlende Hochfrequenzkabel eine Kompensation des Einflusses der Leitungsdämpfung durch eine spezielle Schlitzkonfiguration vor. Danach nimmt die Anzahl der Schlitze pro Periodenlänge längs des Kabels nach einer geeigneten Regel zu. Diese Maßnahme führt, wie ebenfalls bereits bekannt ("Leaky coaxial cable with length independent antenna receiving level" in International Wire & Cable Symposium Proceedings 1992, Seiten 748-756) zu einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform für Übertragungsfrequenzen bis über 900 MHz. Da die gattungsgemäßen Kabel im wesentlichen in Tunnelstrecken eingesetzt werden, um eine Nachrichtenübermittlung zum durchlaufenden Verkehr bzw. von diesem nach draußen zu ermöglichen, kommt es darauf an, daß die Schlitzkonfiguration im Außenleiter des koaxialen Hochfrequenzkabels eine Kompensation des Einflusses der Leitungsdämpfung für eine möglichst lange Strecke bewirkt.Cables of the generic type are well known because of the outside through the slots in the outer conductor they act on urgent electromagnetic energy practical as antennas that allow communication between mobile receivers and fixed transmitter enable. Looking at the slot configuration above the entire cable length, then it is practically a series of antennas connected in series, the one Cause radiation field in the vicinity of the cable. How already known (DE-A1-41 06 890 or corresponding EP-A1-0 502 337) results however along the cable due to the natural cable loss and the radiation a decrease in the intensity of the radiated power over the cable length. In practice this means that the system damping is approximately between one Vehicle and the radiating cable from the entry point the radio frequency energy in the cable along the Cable length increases. Now to make sure that the Receiving field strength in the mobile subscriber at least in is kept about constant, sees the familiar radiating high frequency cables compensate for the Influence of line loss through a special Slot configuration before. After that, the number of Slots per period length along the cable after one appropriate rule too. This measure leads, as well already known ("Leaky coaxial cable with length independent antenna receiving level "in International Wire & Cable Symposium Proceedings 1992, pages 748-756) to a particularly advantageous embodiment for Transmission frequencies up to over 900 MHz. Since the generic cables essentially in tunnel sections be used to send messages to continuous traffic or from this to outside make it possible that the Slot configuration in the outer conductor of the coaxial High frequency cables compensate for the influence of Line loss for the longest possible route causes.

Neuere Techniken im Tunnelbau haben jedoch dazu geführt, daß die durch ein abstrahlendes koaxiales Hochfrequenzkabel zu überbrückende Strecke Ausmaße annimmt, die ohne weiteres mit den bekannten Konstruktionen nicht überbrückt werden können. Denn um die wegen der zunehmenden Abstrahlung über die Kabellänge erhöhte Leitungsdämpfung zu kompensieren und damit einen im wesentlichen konstanten Signalpegel längs des Kabels zu erzeugen, wären Schlitzkonfigurationen im Außenleiter notwendig, die schon rein räumlich dort nicht mehr untergebracht werden können. So ist am viel gelochten Ende eine Erhöhung der Schlitzzahl pro Länge aus Platzgründen nicht möglich, am wenig gelochten Ende ist der eine Schlitz pro Periodenlänge nötig, um den "Takt" auf dem Kabel überhaupt zu erzeugen, so daß hier nicht weiter "ausgedünnt" werden kann.However, newer techniques in tunnel construction have led to that through a radiating coaxial High frequency cable to be bridged range dimensions assumes that easily with the known Constructions cannot be bridged. Because um the because of the increasing radiation over the cable length to compensate for increased line loss and thus one essentially constant signal level along the cable would be to create slot configurations in the outer conductor necessary, which is no longer there purely spatially can be accommodated. So there is a lot of punching End an increase in the number of slots per length Not possible due to lack of space the one slot per period length necessary to the "clock" to generate on the cable at all, so not here can be further "thinned out".

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, auch bei über heute möglichen Kabellängen von 800 m Länge hinaus die Summe aus Kopplungs- und Leitungsdämpfung auf einem niedrigen, weitgehend konstanten Niveau zu halten. Dies kommt einer Maximierung der Kabellänge gleich.Based on this state of the art Invention therefore the task, even with over possible cable lengths of 800 m in length today Sum of coupling and line loss in one to maintain a low, largely constant level. This is equivalent to maximizing the cable length.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung dadurch, daß längs des Kabels Abschnitte mit periodisch sich wiederholender Schlitzkonfiguration vorgesehen sind, die sich bei gleichbleibender Schlitzzahl pro Periodenlänge in der Periodenlänge und/oder bei gleichbleibender Periodenlänge in der Schlitzzahl pro Periodenlänge unterscheiden. So ausgebildete abstrahlende Hochfrequenzkabel können eine Länge von mehr als 1000 m bei Betriebsfrequenzen von z. B. 900 bis 960 MHz aufweisen.This object is achieved according to the invention by that along the cable sections with periodic itself repeating slot configuration are provided which with the same number of slots per period length in the period length and / or with constant Period length in the number of slots per period length differentiate. So trained radiating High-frequency cables can have a length of more than 1000 m at operating frequencies of z. B. 900 to 960 MHz exhibit.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Schritte führen neben der Steigerung der Reichweite der Datenübertragung gleichzeitig zur Verminderung der Signalvariationen sowie zu einer Verminderung der Signaldynamik am mobilen Teilnehmer bzw. Sender. Die Erhöhung der maximalen Länge des abstrahlenden Hochfrequenzkabel mit kompensierter Leitungsdämpfung führt zu erhöhter Flexibilität in der Abstimmung der jeweiligen Eigenschaften des Übertragungssystems. Es werden zudem weniger Speisepunkte und Verstärker längs der Kabelstrecke benötigt, das führt u. a. zur Kostensenkung, vereinfachten Wartung und erhöhten Zuverlässigkeit. Damit ergeben sich wesentliche Vorteile in der Nachrichtenübermittlung durch Funk in Gebieten mit ungünstigen Ausbreitungsbedingungen, beispielsweise längs der erwähnten Tunnelstrecken, aber auch in Parkhäusern, Flughafengebäuden, Hochhäusern usw.The steps of the invention lead in addition to Increase the range of data transmission at the same time to reduce the signal variations as well to reduce the signal dynamics on the mobile Participant or transmitter. Increasing the maximum length of the radiating high-frequency cable with compensated Line loss leads to increased flexibility in the Coordination of the respective properties of the Transmission system. There will also be fewer food points and amplifiers along the cable route that leads u. a. for cost reduction, simplified maintenance and increased reliability. This results in essential Advantages in the transmission of messages by radio in Areas with unfavorable dispersion conditions, for example along the tunnel routes mentioned, but also in car parks, airport buildings, high-rise buildings etc.

Unterscheiden sich, wie nach der Erfindung vorgesehen, die Abschnitte bei gleichbleibender Schlitzzahl in der Periodenlänge längs des Kabels, dann wird man vorteilhaft so vorgehen, daß die Periodenlänge vom Speisepunkt des Kabels aus gesehen längs des Kabels abnimmt. Bei einem Übergang z. B. von einer 20 cm-1-Loch-Konfiguration auf eine anschließende 17 cm-1-Loch-Konfiguration konnte beispielsweise eine Erhöhung der Abstrahlung um ca. 10 dB erreicht werden. Dieses Beispiel zeigt bereits die mit der Erfindung gegebenen Möglichkeiten der Variation hinsichtlich Reichweite, Balance und Abstrahlungsstärke der koaxialen abstrahlenden Hochfrequenzkabel. Weitere vorteilhafte Möglichkeiten ergeben sich dann, wenn die Periodenlänge längs des Kabels in mehreren Schritten abnimmt. Die Flexibilität der Anpassung an die geforderte Reichweite und an die Übertragungseigenschaften läßt sich ferner dadurch erreichen, daß mit abnehmender Periodenlänge längs des Kabels die Anzahl der Schlitze zunimmt.Differ, as provided by the invention, the sections with the same number of slots in the Period length along the cable, then one becomes advantageous proceed in such a way that the period length from the feeding point of the Seen from the cable decreases along the cable. At a Transition z. B. from a 20 cm 1-hole configuration a subsequent 17 cm 1-hole configuration could for example, an increase in radiation by approx. 10 dB can be achieved. This example already shows the one with possibilities of variation given the invention in terms of range, balance and radiation intensity the coaxial radiating high-frequency cable. Further advantageous opportunities arise when the Period length along the cable in several steps decreases. The flexibility to adapt to the required Range and the transmission properties can be further achieve that with decreasing Period length along the cable the number of slots increases.

Weitere Variationen in der Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung mit Rücksicht auf eine benötigte Kabellänge sowie minimale Systemdämpfungen über diese Kabelstrecke ergeben sich dadurch, daß längs des Kabels Abschnitte mit gleichbleibender Schlitzzahl bei unterschiedlicher Periodenlänge und Abschnitte mit gleichbleibender Periodenlänge bei unterschiedlicher Schlitzzahl einander abwechseln. So können vorteilhaft an periodisch wiederkehrende Abschnitte abnehmender Periodenlänge mit gleichbleibender Schlitzzahl Abschnitte gleichbleibender Periodenlänge mit wachsender Schlitzzahl sich anschließen, denen zum Kabelende wiederum Abschnitte abnehmender Periodenlänge mit gleichbleibender Schlitzzahl folgen.Further variations in the design of the solution according to the invention with regard to a required Cable length as well as minimal system attenuation via this Cable route result from the fact that along the cable Sections with the same number of slots at different period lengths and sections with constant period length with different Alternate number of slots. So can be beneficial periodically recurring sections decreasing Period length with constant number of slots constant period length with increasing number of slots join those sections at the end of the cable decreasing period length with constant Follow the number of slots.

Bekannte Kabelkonstruktionen gattungsgemäßer Ausführungsformen weisen z. B. einen Innenleiter, eine diesen umschließende Kunststoffisolierung sowie ein den darüber angeordneten Außenleiter auf, der eine bestimmte Verteilung an Öffnungen zum Austritt der Strahlungsenergie vorsieht. Darüber aufgebracht ist dann ein Kunststoffaußenmantel (GB 20 62 359 A). Eine hiervon abweichende bekannte Ausführungsform (GB 21 27 621 A) sieht über der extrudierten Isolierung des Innenleiters eine Bandbewicklung vor, die in zwei Lagen aufgebracht ist, wobei die Windungen jeder Lage mit Lücke aufgebracht sind, so daß durchgehende Öffnungen gebildet werden, durch die die elektromagnetische Energie nach außen treten kann. Da diese Konstruktionen abgesehen von der gewählten Konfiguration der Öffnungen im Außenleiter den heutigen Anforderungen hinsichtlich niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstanten, Biegungseigenschaften, Längswasserdichtigkeit usw. nicht mehr genügen, besteht in Weiterführung der Erfindung das abstrahlende Hochfrequenzkabel aus einem konzentrisch zum Innenleiter angeordneten und durch Abstandshalter zum Innenleiter in seiner Lage gehaltenen Kunststoffrohr, das den bandförmigen, Schlitze aufweisenden Außenleiter trägt. Eine solche Konstruktion, bei der als Abstandshalter z. B. auf den Innenleiter aufgespritzte Scheiben verwendet werden, über die dann ein dünnes Kunststoffrohr extrudiert ist, bildet in Kabellängsrichtung hintereinander angeordnete in sich geschlossene Luftkammern, die mit zu den guten elektrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften eines erfindungsgemäßen Kabels beitragen. Der Außenleiter des abstrahlenden Kabels besteht aus einem Kupferband, das auf die Isolierung des Innenleiters, in Durchführung der Erfindung vorteilhaft ein über einen ringförmigen Abstandshalter gespritztes Kunststoffrohr, aufgebracht ist. Beim Aufbringen des Außenleiters enthält das Band bereits die für diesen bestimmten Kabeltyp benötigte Schlitzkonfiguration, das Band wird längseinlaufend um das Kunststoffrohr herumgelegt, vorteilhaft so weit, daß die Bandkanten einander überlappen, so daß auch bei starken Biegungen des Kabels durch Auseinanderklappen der Bandkanten keine Beschädigung entsteht. Aus diesem Grunde kann man auch dazu übergehen, die einander überlappenden Bandkanten mechanisch miteinander, etwa durch Kleben oder Löten, zu verbinden.Known cable constructions of the generic type Embodiments have e.g. B. an inner conductor, a this enclosing plastic insulation and a outer conductor arranged above it, which a certain Distribution at openings for the exit of the Radiation energy provides. Then applied a plastic outer jacket (GB 20 62 359 A). One of them different known embodiment (GB 21 27 621 A) looks over the extruded insulation of the inner conductor tape wrapping applied in two layers is, with the turns of each layer applied with a gap are so that through openings are formed, through which the electromagnetic energy to the outside can kick. Since these constructions apart from the selected configuration of the openings in the outer conductor today's requirements regarding lower Dielectric constants, bending properties, Longitudinal watertightness etc. no longer suffice in continuation of the invention the radiating High-frequency cable from a concentric to the inner conductor arranged and by spacers to the inner conductor in its location held plastic tube that the band-shaped, slotted outer conductor carries. Such a construction, when used as a spacer e.g. B. washers sprayed onto the inner conductor are used, over which then a thin plastic tube is extruded, forms in the longitudinal direction of the cable self-contained one behind the other Air chambers that are among the good electrical and mechanical properties of a cable according to the invention contribute. The outer conductor of the radiating cable consists of a copper tape that insulates the Inner conductor, advantageous in carrying out the invention a sprayed over an annular spacer Plastic pipe, is applied. When applying the The conductor already contains the tape for this slot configuration required for certain cable type The tape runs lengthways around the plastic tube laid around, advantageously so far that the band edges overlap each other so that even with strong bends the cable by unfolding the band edges none Damage occurs. For this reason you can too go to the overlapping band edges mechanically with each other, for example by gluing or soldering connect.

Die Erfindung sei anhand der in den Figuren 1 bis 7 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention is based on that in FIGS. 1 to 7 illustrated embodiments explained in more detail.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt ein abstrahlendes koaxiales Hochfrequenzkabel, auch als Leckkabel bezeichnet, zur Datenübertragung zwischen stationären und mobilen Einheiten und umgekehrt, beispielsweise zur Anordnung in einem Bahntunnel. Ein solches Kabel besteht aus dem Innenleiter 1, beispielsweise in Form eines um einen Polyethylenstrang 2 herumgelegten Metallbandes, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer, sowie in Abständen auf dem Innenleiter 1 angeordneten Abstandshalterscheibe 3, über die eine rohrförmige Hülle 4 aus einem thermoplastischen Werkstoff, beispielsweise Polyethylen aufextrudiert ist. Bedingt durch diesen konstruktiven Aufbau werden luftgefüllte in sich geschlossene Kammern 5 gebildet, die gleichzeitig eine Längswasserdichtigkeit des Kabels gewährleisten. Darüberhinaus führt eine solche Konstruktion zu einer besonders niedrigen Dielektrizitätskonstanten, zu einer niedrigen Dämpfung in Längsrichtung sowie zu guten Biegeeigenschaften des Kabels. Der Außenleiter 6, im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ein mit der entsprechenden Konfiguration der Schlitze 7 vorgestanztes Kupferband, ist längseinlaufend um die Isolierhülle 4 herumgelegt, so daß die Bandkanten einander überlappen, in ihrer überlappten Lage sind die Kanten beispielsweise durch Kleben, Löten oder Schweißen gehalten. Als äußerer mechanischer Schutz dient der Außenmantel 8 aus einem abriebfesten Kunststoff, gegebenenfalls auch in flammwidriger Ausführung.1 shows a radiating coaxial High-frequency cable, also known as leakage cable, for Data transfer between stationary and mobile Units and vice versa, for example for arrangement in a train tunnel. Such a cable consists of the Inner conductor 1, for example in the form of a one Polyethylene strand 2 folded metal tape, preferably made of copper, as well as at intervals on the Inner conductor 1 arranged spacer washer 3, about which is a tubular shell 4 made of a thermoplastic Material, for example polyethylene is extruded. Be conditioned by this constructive structure air-filled self-contained chambers 5 formed at the same time a longitudinal water tightness of the cable guarantee. In addition, such leads Construction at a particularly low Dielectric constant, to a low attenuation in Longitudinal direction and good bending properties of the Cable. The outer conductor 6, in the present Embodiment one with the corresponding Configuration of slots 7 pre-punched copper tape, is wrapped around the insulating sleeve 4, so that the band edges overlap each other in their the edges are overlapped, for example Gluing, soldering or welding held. As an outside The outer jacket 8 is used for mechanical protection abrasion-resistant plastic, possibly also in flame retardant design.

In neuerer Zeit ist man immer mehr dazu übergegangen, in Energie- oder Übertragungssysteme optische Elemente zu integrieren. Das erfindungsgemäße Kabel bietet sich insofern an, als, wie dargestellt, im Innern des Kunststoffkernes 2 ein optisches Element, beispielsweise eine optische Fasern enthaltende Hohlader 9 angeordnet ist.In recent times, more and more people have moved on to Energy or transmission systems optical elements too integrate. The cable according to the invention offers itself insofar as, as shown, inside the Plastic core 2 is an optical element, for example a hollow fiber 9 containing optical fibers is arranged is.

Zur Verdeutlichung der Erfindung zeigen die Fig. 2 und 3 die Dämpfungseigenschaften bekannter Kabelausführungen jeweils über die Kabellänge. Die Periodenlänge ist in beiden Fällen konstant.2 and 3 show the invention the damping properties of known cable versions each over the cable length. The period length is in constant in both cases.

Der Verlauf der Leitungsdämpfung αL bzw. der Kopplungsdämpfung αK in der Fig. 2 ist der eines sog. Standardkabels (S) mit gleicher Schlitzzahl und gleicher Periodenlänge. Wegen der stark zunehmenden Systemdämpfung vom Einspeisepunkt (SP) des Kabels aus gesehen sind mit diesem Kabel nur verhältnismäßig kurze Längen zu überbrücken.The course of the line loss α L or the coupling loss α K in FIG. 2 is that of a so-called standard cable (S) with the same number of slots and the same period length. Because of the rapidly increasing system attenuation from the entry point (SP) of the cable, only relatively short lengths can be bridged with this cable.

Eine wesentliche Verbesserung zeigt demgegenüber das in der Fig. 3 charakterisierte sog. Vario-Kabel (V). Bei konstanter Periodenlänge P weist der Außenleiter dieses Kabels eine unterschiedliche Schlitzzahl pro Periodenlänge auf. Bei den dargestellten fünf Perioden weist der Außenleiter im ersten Abschnitt einen Schlitz auf, in den nachfolgenden Abschnitten folgen zwei, vier, acht und sechzehn Schlitze. Mit dieser Variation der Schlitzzahl wird die längs des Kabels zunehmende Dämpfung entsprechend der Sägezahn-Kurve immer wieder auf den ursprünglichen Wert angehoben, bei nur flach abfallender Systemdämpfung kann hierbei die Empfangsfeldstärke längs des Kabels in erster Näherung konstant gehalten werden. Eine solche Ausführungsform ist Gegenstand der früheren Patentanmeldung DE-OS 41 06 890.In contrast, a significant improvement is shown in 3 so-called. Vario cable (V). At The phase conductor has a constant period length P Different number of slots per cable Period length on. In the five periods shown the outer conductor has a slot in the first section in the following sections follow two, four, eight and sixteen slots. With this variation of The number of slots becomes the increasing attenuation along the cable according to the sawtooth curve original value increased, with only gently sloping System attenuation can be used to lengthen the received field strength of the cable are kept constant in the first approximation. Such an embodiment is the subject of the previous one Patent application DE-OS 41 06 890.

Da, wie eingangs ausgeführt, die mit den gattungsgemäßen Kabeln zu überbrückenden Strecken jedoch ständig länger werden, reicht die Maßnahme entsprechend der Fig. 3 nicht immer aus. Die Fig. 4 zeigt deshalb eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung als sog. Doppelvario-Kabel (DV) mit unterschiedlicher Schlitzzahl und unterschiedlicher Periodenlänge. Ausgehend von dem einspeiseseitigen Kabelende zeigen die einzelnen Abschnitte längs des Kabels in den ersten drei Abschnitten jeweils einen Schlitz, es folgen zwei, vier, acht und zweimal sechzehn Schlitze. Die Periodenlänge variiert hier ebenfalls mit P1, P2, P3 und P4. Diese beiden Maßnahmen, nämlich die Variation der jeweiligen Schlitzzahl und/oder die Variation der jeweiligen Periodenlänge, führen durch das immer wiederkehrende Zurückführen der Systemdämpfung auf den ursprünglichen Wert am eingangsseitigen Ende des Kabels zu dem in der Fig. 4 dargestellten besonders abgeflachten Verlauf der Dämpfung, und zwar über die bisher nur möglichen Kabellängen hinaus. Bei einer Betriebsfrequenz von 900 MHz beispielsweie und einer Gesamtkabellänge von 1024 m zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Kabel einen über die gesamte Kabellänge im wesentlichen gleichbleibenden Signalpegel.Since, as stated at the beginning, the distances to be bridged with the generic cables are becoming longer and longer, the measure according to FIG. 3 is not always sufficient. 4 therefore shows an embodiment of the invention as a so-called double-vario cable (DV) with a different number of slots and a different period length. Starting from the cable end on the feed side, the individual sections along the cable each have a slot in the first three sections, followed by two, four, eight and two sixteen slots. The period length also varies here with P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 . These two measures, namely the variation of the respective number of slots and / or the variation of the respective period length, lead to the particularly flattened course of the attenuation shown in FIG. and that beyond the previously possible cable lengths. At an operating frequency of 900 MHz, for example, and a total cable length of 1024 m, the cable according to the invention shows a signal level which is essentially constant over the entire cable length.

Gemessen wurde der in der Fig. 4 im wesentlichen gleichbleibende Signalpegel an einem erfindungsgemäßen abstrahlenden koaxialen Hochfrequenzkabel der Bauart entsprechend der Fig. 1 mit der in der Fig. 5 z. B. schematisch dargestellten Schlitzkonfiguration. Am einspeiseseitigen Ende ist im ersten Abschnitt mit einer Periodenlänge von 23 cm ein Schlitz vorgesehen, es folgt ein Abschnitt mit einer Periodenlänge von 20 cm, der ebenfalls nur einen Schlitz aufweist, daran schließen sich Abschnitte mit einer gleichbleibenden Periodenlänge von 17 cm an, wobei die Anzahl der Schlitze beginnend mit 1 bis auf 16 Schlitze pro Abschnitt gesteigert wird. Schließlich folgt im Ausführungsbeispiel am Kabelende, ein Abschnitt mit einer Periodenlänge von 16,5 cm, der ebenso wie der vorangegangene Abschnitt mit einer Periodenlänge von 17 cm sechzehn Schlitze aufweist. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel macht deutlich, daß neben der bisher üblichen Variation der Schlitzzahl bei fester Periodenlänge auch die Variation der Periodenlänge bei fester Schlitzzahl zur Erzeugung unterschiedlicher Abstrahlungsstärken verwendet werden kann. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich geworden, auch bei größeren Kabellängen, die immer mehr für Tunnelstrecken eingesetzt werden, eine Kompensation des Einflusses der Leitungsdämpfung derart sicherzustellen, daß mit einem gleichbleibenden Signalpegel über die gesamte Strecke gerechnet werden kann.4 was measured essentially constant signal level on an inventive radiating coaxial radio frequency cable of the type corresponding to FIG. 1 with the z. B. schematically shown slot configuration. At the end in the first section is marked with a Period length of 23 cm provided a slot, it follows a section with a period length of 20 cm, the also has only one slot, close it sections with a constant period length from 17 cm, the number of slots starting with 1 is increased to 16 slots per section. Finally, in the exemplary embodiment at the end of the cable, a section with a period length of 16.5 cm, the just like the previous section with a Period length of 17 cm has sixteen slots. This embodiment makes it clear that in addition to the hitherto usual variation of the number of slots in the fixed Period length also the variation in the period length fixed number of slots to generate different Radiation levels can be used. To this Wise it has become possible even with larger ones Cable lengths that are increasingly used for tunnel routes become a compensation of the influence of the Ensure line loss in such a way that with a constant signal level over the entire distance can be expected.

Die Fig. 6 zeigt eine von der Schlitzkonfiguration nach der Fig. 5 abweichende Möglichkeit zur Kompensierung der Leitungsverluste auch über größere Längen, bei dem bei zunächst abnehmender Periodenlänge die Schlitzzahl konstant, dann die Periodenlänge konstant und die Schlitzzahl variiert wird. Dabei steigt in letzterem Fall zum Ende des Kabels hin die Schlitzzahl bis zu einer Schlitzzahl von 16 an, die dann beibehalten wird, wenn im letzten Abschnitt die Periodenlänge von 17 cm auf 16 cm verringert wird.6 shows one of the slot configurations according to 5 deviating possibility to compensate for the Loss of line even over longer lengths, in the case of initially decreasing period length the number of slots constant, then the period length constant and the Slot number is varied. The latter increases towards the end of the cable the number of slots up to one Number of slots from 16 on, which is retained if in last section the period length from 17 cm to 16 cm is reduced.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Fig. 7 schließlich zeigt eine Schlitzkonfiguration, bei der in den ersten Abschnitten zunächst die Schlitzzahl beibehalten und die Periodenlänge verringert wird und anschließend sich sowohl Schlitzzahl als auch Periodenlänge stetig, wenn auch im gegenläufigen Sinne ändern.The embodiment of FIG. 7 finally shows a slot configuration in which in the first First keep the number of slots and the Period length is reduced and then itself both slot number and period length steady if also change in the opposite sense.

Dies ist eine andere Möglichkeit der Ausgestaltung der Erfindung. Dabei ist wesentlich, daß längs der Strecke sowohl die Schlitzzahl als auch die Periodenlänge der einzelnen Abschnitte verändert wird.This is another way of designing the Invention. It is essential that along the route both the number of slots and the period length of the individual sections is changed.

Claims (8)

  1. Radiating coaxial high-frequency cable having apertures in the outer conductor which are formed as slots disposed substantially perpendicularly to the cable axis, characterized in that there are provided along the cable length sections which have a periodically repeating slot configuration and which differ in the period length with a constant number of slots per period length and/or in the number of slots per period length with constant period length.
  2. High-frequency cable according to Claim 1 in which the sections differ in the period length with a constant number of slots per period length, characterized in that the period length decreases along the cable viewed from the feedpoint of the cable.
  3. High-frequency cable according to Claim 2 characterized in that the period length decreases along the cable in uniform steps.
  4. High-frequency cable according to Claim 2, characterized in that the number of slots increases with decreasing period length.
  5. High-frequency cable according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that sections having a constant number of slots per period length with varying period length and sections having a constant period length with a varying number of slots per period length alternate with one another along the cable.
  6. High-frequency cable according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that, viewed from the feedpoint of the cable, sections of constant period length with an increasing number of slots which are followed in turn towards the cable end by slots of decreasing period length having a constant number of slots adjoin periodically repeating sections of decreasing period length having a constant number of slots.
  7. High-frequency cable according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized by a plastics material tube which is disposed concentrically with respect to the inner conductor and is held in its position with respect to the inner conductor by spacers and which supports the tape-type outer conductor having slots.
  8. High-frequency cable according to Claim 7, characterized in that the tape edges of the outer conductor extend in the axial direction of the cable and overlap one another.
EP94110855A 1993-09-14 1994-07-13 Leaky coaxial cable for radio frequency Expired - Lifetime EP0643438B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4331171 1993-09-14
DE4331171A DE4331171A1 (en) 1993-09-14 1993-09-14 Radiating coaxial radio frequency cable

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EP0643438A1 EP0643438A1 (en) 1995-03-15
EP0643438B1 true EP0643438B1 (en) 1998-09-02

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EP (1) EP0643438B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07154132A (en)
AT (1) ATE170670T1 (en)
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DE (2) DE4331171A1 (en)
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FI (1) FI944230A (en)
NO (1) NO306966B1 (en)
TR (1) TR27801A (en)

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US5898350A (en) * 1997-11-13 1999-04-27 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Radiating coaxial cable and method for making the same
US6292072B1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2001-09-18 Times Microwave Systems, Division Of Smith Industries Aerospace And Defense Systems, Inc. Radiating coaxial cable having groups of spaced apertures for generating a surface wave at a low frequencies and a combination of surface and radiated waves at higher frequencies
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KR100834608B1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2008-06-02 엘에스전선 주식회사 Broadband leaky coaxial cable with horizontal polarization
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JP6555791B1 (en) * 2019-03-12 2019-08-07 ヨメテル株式会社 Cable antenna
RU2763877C2 (en) * 2019-12-03 2022-01-11 Владислав Владимирович Балалаев Method for transmitting radio frequency electromagnetic signals, system for implementing the method, method for mounting the system, object in which the system is mounted, radiating cable for the system and method for its production
RU198345U1 (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-07-02 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Радиочастотные Компоненты" (ООО "РЧ Компоненты") RADIATING CABLE FOR RADIO-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS

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NO943395D0 (en) 1994-09-13
CA2131953A1 (en) 1995-03-15
ATE170670T1 (en) 1998-09-15
AU677411B2 (en) 1997-04-24
FI944230A (en) 1995-03-15
CA2131953C (en) 1998-12-15
NO943395L (en) 1995-03-15
ES2123688T3 (en) 1999-01-16
AU7295094A (en) 1995-03-30
US5467066A (en) 1995-11-14
DE59406819D1 (en) 1998-10-08
NO306966B1 (en) 2000-01-17
JPH07154132A (en) 1995-06-16
FI944230A0 (en) 1994-09-13
EP0643438A1 (en) 1995-03-15
TR27801A (en) 1995-08-29
DE4331171A1 (en) 1995-03-16

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