EP0637489B1 - Dies for the isostatic pressing of hollow bodies with steep walls from a ceramic material - Google Patents

Dies for the isostatic pressing of hollow bodies with steep walls from a ceramic material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0637489B1
EP0637489B1 EP94111972A EP94111972A EP0637489B1 EP 0637489 B1 EP0637489 B1 EP 0637489B1 EP 94111972 A EP94111972 A EP 94111972A EP 94111972 A EP94111972 A EP 94111972A EP 0637489 B1 EP0637489 B1 EP 0637489B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
female mould
die
compression moulding
mould
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94111972A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0637489A1 (en
Inventor
Arnold Reger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
THURINGIA NETZSCH FEINKERAMIK GMBH & CO. KG
Original Assignee
Thuringia Netzsch Feinkeramik & Co KG GmbH
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/003Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/001Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/02Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
    • B30B15/022Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form
    • B30B15/024Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form using elastic mould parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pressing tool according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a pressing tool with an elastic membrane required that the to be pressed Separates material from a hydraulic fluid with which closed press tool filled with the material exerted on the side of the membrane facing away from the material becomes.
  • the membrane can be a matrix as its inner lining be assigned to hydraulic pressure on the outside to transfer the hollow body to be pressed.
  • the membrane while the press tool with ceramic material is filled, held against the inner wall of the die and deformed radially inwards during the subsequent pressing will.
  • the deformation path that a membrane takes in isostatic Presses must travel is about the size of the wall thickness (body thickness) of the pressed hollow body.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a pressing tool for isostatic pressing of steep-walled hollow bodies ceramic material in such a way that the in it pressed hollow body when demoulding a lower risk of damage are exposed.
  • the task is according to the invention with the features of the claim 1 solved.
  • Press tool provided a mother membrane, which during the hydrostatic pressing fully supported by a die and, as a result, the shape and dimensional accuracy of the pressed hollow body guaranteed immediately after the hydrostatic Presses released from the die so far is that the mother membrane - and thus also the freshly pressed Hollow body - essentially unhindered in the radial direction can expand.
  • acts between the pressed Hollow body and the mother membrane no significant friction, if the hollow body is subsequently removed; of the The hollow body remains undamaged. This applies independently whether the tool part provided with the matrix and the mother membrane arranged as the lower or upper part of the press tool becomes.
  • the press tool shown in Fig. 1 to 4 has a lower Tool part 10 with a plate-shaped male carrier 12, which is designed to be attached to a press table will.
  • a male 14 is fastened on the male carrier 12, which tapers in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • channels 16 By the male support 12 and the male 14 extend channels 16, which connect to a hydraulic pressure medium source leave and open on the surface of the male 14.
  • On the Male carrier 12 is also attached to a clamping ring 18 one that is referred to below as the elastic membrane 20 Membrane at its outer edge 22 close to the male carrier 12 and is clamped on the male 14.
  • the father membrane 20 progressing radially inward from its outer edge 22, an essentially flat foot region 24, a steep one upwardly projecting, frustoconical jacket 26 and an im essential flat middle part 28.
  • the jacket 26 and the central part 28 are close to the Lateral surface or the upper end face of the male 14; around The canals ensure this close concern 16 connect to a vacuum tank or a suction pump.
  • the press tool shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 also belongs an upper tool part 30 with an annular guide body 32, which is a frustoconically widening has smooth inner wall 34 and in its lower region of is penetrated at least one filler channel 36 which is on the outer Edge 22 of the father membrane 20 opens. From above are in the annular guide body 32 stepped bores 38 incorporated.
  • the guide body 32 encloses a die 40, one for Inner wall 34 complementary, ie frustoconical upward widening outer wall 42 and a frustoconical upwardly tapering inner surface 44 and a flat has inner central surface 46.
  • the die 40 is in several axial planes divided into sectors 48 which are radial against each other are movable. 1 to 4 four sectors 48 are provided, each extending over 90 °.
  • the annular guide body 32 and the die 40 are from covered a plate-shaped die carrier 50, which is intended to be attached to a press ram.
  • Die carrier 50 four vertical bolts 52 are attached, the in the lower part of each one of the stepped bores 38 vertically are guided.
  • At the bottom of the die holder 50 are four guide grooves at right angles to each other 54 of dovetail-shaped profile, in each of which a complementarily profiled guide bar 56 is radially displaceable is led.
  • the guide strips 56 are on one of the four sectors 48 of the die 40 attached or in one piece educated.
  • each of the stepped bores 38 has a spring arrangement 58, for example in the form of a plate spring assembly, which makes the annular guide body 32 with respect to the die carrier 50 is biased down.
  • the distance by which the Guide body 32 with respect to the die carrier 50 down is movable, is limited by axially parallel screws 59.
  • Each of the shifters 60 has a two-armed lever 62 which is about a horizontal, to move direction of the associated sector 48 normal axis pivoted on the die carrier 50 and on its lower End with the associated sector 48 and at its upper end articulated with an approximately radially arranged plunger 64 connected is.
  • the plunger 64 is through an energy accumulator 66 preloaded radially inwards, for example a disc spring assembly or can be an air cylinder, and via a joint 68 is supported on the die carrier 50.
  • the die 40 is lined with an elastic membrane, which is referred to below as the mother membrane 70 and one radially outer edge 72, with a steep-walled-conical part an outer lateral surface 74 and an inner lateral surface 76 and finally an essentially flat midfield 78 having. 1 to 3, the two lateral surfaces 74 and 76 at the same angle of about 85 ° against that Inclined horizontally, so they are parallel to each other, and that Mother membrane 70 also has other, except their radial outer edge 72, the same thickness everywhere.
  • an elastic membrane which is referred to below as the mother membrane 70 and one radially outer edge 72, with a steep-walled-conical part an outer lateral surface 74 and an inner lateral surface 76 and finally an essentially flat midfield 78 having. 1 to 3, the two lateral surfaces 74 and 76 at the same angle of about 85 ° against that Inclined horizontally, so they are parallel to each other, and that Mother membrane 70 also has other, except their radial outer edge 72, the same thickness everywhere.
  • the pressing tool shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 works as follows:
  • the pressing tool When the pressing tool is closed, it becomes granular in accordance with FIG. 1 ceramic material 80 in the space between the shot in both membranes 20 and 70, i.e. under influence of compressed air so introduced that this space is completely filled out.
  • the father membrane is 20 over the entire surface of the male 14 and the mother membrane 70 lies, also over the entire surface, on the die 40, which in with respect to the annular guide body 32 their lowest possible Takes position so that their sectors 48 are close together, as shown in the left part of FIG. 4. It is the mother membrane 70 is preferably light in the radial direction compressed.
  • Liquid is then pressurized into the channels 16 initiated so that the father membrane 20 as shown in FIG. 2 in the direction away from the male 14, towards the mother membrane 70, is elastically deformed.
  • the ceramic material becomes 80 pressed into a hollow body 82.
  • the mother membrane 70 follows the four Sectors 48 with their upward and outward facing Movement so that they are in axial and at the same time in radial Direction releases from the pressed hollow body 82. Only when this has happened, the pressing tool is opened, the annular guide body 32 is lifted from the clamping ring 18. The hollow body 82 that becomes accessible in this way becomes finally lifted off the lower tool part 10.
  • the press tool shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 has a lower one Tool part 10, that with that shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 completely matches.
  • the upper tool part 30 differs 5 to 7 of the previously described in essentially in that the guide body 32 and the die 40 a stepped cylindrical inner wall 34 or outer wall 42 have and the die 40 is in one piece.
  • the mother membrane 70 is with its outer edge 72 on the annular guide body 32 clamped, which has a clamping ring 88 for this purpose.
  • the steep-walled area of the mother membrane 70 has one outer lateral surface 74, which is significantly less steep than that inner lateral surface 76.
  • Actuators 86 In the form of a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit, the cylinder of which is fixed to the guide body 32 connected lid 90 of the upper tool part 30 attached is.
  • the press tool shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 works as follows:
  • the die 40 When the ceramic material is shot and pressed 80 the die 40 from the actuators 86 in its lower End position held so that the mother membrane 70 over the entire surface supports, this, especially in the radial direction, can be easily compressed.
  • the actuators 86 After the isostatic pressing, after the reduction of the liquid pressure in the channels 16, and after the father membrane 20 under the action of a internal bias or one applied to channels 16 Vacuum applied to the male 14, the actuators 86 depressurized so that the spring assembly 84 the die 40 pushes upwards according to FIG. 7.
  • the die comes off 40 completely from the mother membrane 70, which by the im Relative to the inner lateral surface 76 lower steepness of the outer lateral surface 74 of the mother membrane 70 is facilitated.
  • the mother membrane 70 was previously slightly compressed, it now expands and consequently releases itself from the pressed one Hollow body 82 so that this when the Press tool is no longer endangered. If the mother membrane 70 in its working position according to Figures 5 and 6 from the die 40 has not been compressed but is essentially free of internal stresses on the die 40, it can be expedient at the moment when the actuators 86 be depressurized, a slight vacuum on the back (In the arrangement shown, this is the top) Mother membrane 70 to create the pressed hollow body Reliably releases 82.
  • Both pressing tools can be in any Location can be arranged in space, especially in Reverse position, i.e. with tool part 10 arranged at the top and tool part 30 arranged below.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Preßwerkzeug nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a pressing tool according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zum isostatischen Pressen steilwandiger Hohlkörper aus pulver- oder granulatförmigem keramischen Material ist ein Preßwerkzeug mit einer elastischen Membran erforderlich, die das zu pressende Material von einer Hydraulikflüssigkeit trennt, mit der bei geschlossenem und mit dem Material gefülltem Preßwerkzeug Druck auf die vom Material abgewandte Seite der Membran ausgeübt wird. Die Membran kann einer Matrize als deren innere Auskleidung zugeordnet sein, um hydraulischen Druck auf die Außenseite des zu pressenden Hohlkörpers zu übertragen. In diesem Fall muß die Membran, während das Preßwerkzeug mit keramischem Material gefüllt wird, an der Innenwand der Matrize anliegend gehalten und beim anschließenden Pressen radial nach innen verformt werden. Der Verformungsweg, den eine Membran beim isostatischen Pressen zurücklegen muß, ist grundsätzlich ungefähr so groß wie die Wanddicke (Scherbenstärke) des gepreßten Hohlkörpers. Bei Membranen zum Pressen steilwandiger Hohlkörper mit einer Wandneigung in bezug auf eine Basisfläche von 70° und mehr können sich in den entsprechend steilwandigen Bereichen der Membran bei deren radial nach innen gerichteter Bewegung Falten bilden, die Abdrücke auf der Außenfläche des gepreßten Hohlkörpers bilden und diesen unbrauchbar machen. For isostatic pressing of steep-walled hollow bodies made of powder or Granular ceramic material is a pressing tool with an elastic membrane required that the to be pressed Separates material from a hydraulic fluid with which closed press tool filled with the material exerted on the side of the membrane facing away from the material becomes. The membrane can be a matrix as its inner lining be assigned to hydraulic pressure on the outside to transfer the hollow body to be pressed. In this case the membrane, while the press tool with ceramic material is filled, held against the inner wall of the die and deformed radially inwards during the subsequent pressing will. The deformation path that a membrane takes in isostatic Presses must travel is about the size of the wall thickness (body thickness) of the pressed hollow body. At Membranes for pressing steep-walled hollow bodies with a Wall slope with respect to a base area of 70 ° and more can in the correspondingly steep-walled areas of the Membrane folds when moving radially inwards form the impressions on the outer surface of the pressed hollow body form and make it unusable.

Steilwandige Hohlkörper mit einer Steilheit von 70° und mehr werden deshalb besser mit einer Membran gepreßt, die einer Patrize zugeordnet ist und von einer auf ihre Innenseite einwirkenden hydraulischen Flüssigkeit gedehnt wird, so daß sie das keramische Material gegen die Innenwand einer Matrize drückt. Dies hat allerdings den Nachteil, daß dem so gepreßten Hohlkörper anschließend der erforderliche Platz für die nach jedem isostatischen Preßvorgang auftretende Expansion fehlt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß der Hohlkörper auch dann noch, wenn die Membran vom hydraulischen Druck entlastet worden ist und die Innenseite des Hohlkörpers freigegeben hat, mit einem erheblichen Druck an der Innenwand der Matrize anliegt, so daß seiner Entnahme aus der Matrize erhebliche Reibungswiderstände entgegenwirken und der Hohlkörper zerstört werden kann.Steep-walled hollow bodies with a steepness of 70 ° and more are therefore better pressed with a membrane, the one Patrice is assigned and from one to its inside hydraulic fluid is stretched so that it the ceramic material against the inner wall of a die presses. However, this has the disadvantage that the so pressed Hollow body then the space required for that any isostatic pressing process is missing expansion. This has the consequence that the hollow body even when the The membrane has been relieved of hydraulic pressure and the Has released inside of the hollow body with a significant Pressure is present on the inner wall of the die, so that its removal from the die has considerable frictional resistance counteract and the hollow body can be destroyed.

Um dies zu verhindern, ist bei einem aus der DE-A-26 57 704 bekannten Preßwerkzeug der eingangs genannten Gattung einem unteren Werkzeugteil mit Patrize und zugehöriger Membran ein oberes Werkzeugteil zugeordnet, das aus einer ringförmigen, unten und oben offenen Matrize und einem von oben her in diese hinein bewegbaren Preßstempel besteht. Das Pressen eines steilwandigen Hohlkörpers geschieht bei geschlossenem Preßwerkzeug durch Einleiten hydraulischer Flüssigkeit zwischen Patrize und Membran, während gleichzeitig der Preßstempel von einem mit ihm verbundenen Kolben nach unten gedrückt wird. Nach dem Pressen wird das obere Werkzeugteil samt dem gepreßten Hohlkörper vom unteren Werkzeugteil abgehoben und danach wird der Hohlkörper durch Betätigen des Kolbens von dem Preßstempel ausgeworfen. Auch dabei besteht jedoch die Gefahr, daß der gepreßte Hohlkörper aus den obengenannten Gründen zerstört wird, wenn er einen Wandabschnitt mit einer Steilheit von 70° oder mehr aufweist.To prevent this, one of DE-A-26 57 704 known press tool of the type mentioned one lower tool part with patrix and associated membrane assigned to the upper tool part, which consists of an annular, bottom and top open die and one from above in this there is movable ram. Pressing one steep-walled hollow body happens when the pressing tool is closed by introducing hydraulic fluid between patrix and membrane, while at the same time the ram of one with piston connected to it is pressed down. After this The upper tool part including the pressed hollow body will be pressed lifted from the lower tool part and then the Hollow body by actuating the piston from the ram ejected. However, there is also a risk that the pressed hollow body destroyed for the reasons mentioned above becomes if it has a wall section with a slope of 70 ° or more.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Preßwerkzeug zum isostatischen Pressen steilwandiger Hohlkörper aus keramischem Material derart zu gestalten, daß die in ihm gepreßten Hohlkörper beim Entformen einer geringeren Beschädigungsgefahr ausgesetzt sind. The invention is therefore based on the object of a pressing tool for isostatic pressing of steep-walled hollow bodies ceramic material in such a way that the in it pressed hollow body when demoulding a lower risk of damage are exposed.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Zusätzlich zu einer Vatermembran, die in üblicher Weise einer Patrize zugeordnet ist und beim hydrostatischen Pressen expandiert, ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Preßwerkzeug eine Muttermembran vorgesehen, die während des hydrostatischen Pressens vollflächig von einer Matrize abgestützt wird und infolgedessen Form- und Maßgenauigkeit des gepreßten Hohlkörpers garantiert, unmittelbar nach dem hydrostatischen Pressen aber von der Matrize soweit freigegeben wird, daß die Muttermembran - und somit auch der frisch gepreßte Hohlkörper - im wesentlichen unbehindert in radialer Richtung expandieren kann. Infolgedessen wirkt zwischen dem gepreßten Hohlkörper und der Muttermembran keine nennenswerte Reibung, wenn der Hohlkörper anschließend entnommen wird; der Hohlkörper bleibt also unbeschädigt. Dies gilt unabhängig davon, ob das mit Matrize und Muttermembran versehene Werkzeugteil als unteres oder oberes Teil des Preßwerkzeugs angeordnet wird.The task is according to the invention with the features of the claim 1 solved. In addition to a father membrane, which in is usually assigned to a male and hydrostatic Pressing is expanded in the invention Press tool provided a mother membrane, which during the hydrostatic pressing fully supported by a die and, as a result, the shape and dimensional accuracy of the pressed hollow body guaranteed immediately after the hydrostatic Presses released from the die so far is that the mother membrane - and thus also the freshly pressed Hollow body - essentially unhindered in the radial direction can expand. As a result, acts between the pressed Hollow body and the mother membrane no significant friction, if the hollow body is subsequently removed; of the The hollow body remains undamaged. This applies independently whether the tool part provided with the matrix and the mother membrane arranged as the lower or upper part of the press tool becomes.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous developments of the invention result from the Subclaims.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen mit weiteren Einzelheiten beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen halbseitigen Axialschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Preßwerkzeuges in einer ersten Ausführungsform beim Einbringen keramischen Materials,
Fig. 2
einen entsprechenden Schnitt beim isostatischen Verdichten des keramischen Materials,
Fig. 3
einen entsprechenden Schnitt nach dem Verdichten und
Fig. 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht des teilweise aufgeschnittenen Preßwerkzeugs;
Fig. 5
einen halbseitigen Axialschnitt einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Preßwerkzeugs beim Einbringen keramischen Material,
Fig. 6
einen entsprechenden Schnitt beim isostatischen Verdichten des Materials, und
Fig. 7
einen entsprechenden Schnitt nach dem Verdichten.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in the following with the aid of schematic drawings with further details. Show it:
Fig. 1
a half-sided axial section of a pressing tool according to the invention in a first embodiment when introducing ceramic material,
Fig. 2
a corresponding cut in the isostatic compression of the ceramic material,
Fig. 3
a corresponding cut after compaction and
Fig. 4
a perspective view of the partially cut press tool;
Fig. 5
a half-sided axial section of a second embodiment of a pressing tool according to the invention when introducing ceramic material,
Fig. 6
a corresponding cut in the isostatic compression of the material, and
Fig. 7
a corresponding cut after compaction.

Das in Fig. 1 bis 4 dargestellte Preßwerkzeug hat ein unteres Werkzeugteil 10 mit einem plattenförmigen Patrizenträger 12, der dazu bestimmt ist, an einem Pressentisch befestigt zu werden. Auf dem Patrizenträger 12 ist eine Patrize 14 befestigt, die sich nach oben kegelstumpfförmig verjüngt. Durch den Patrizenträger 12 und die Patrize 14 erstrecken sich Kanäle 16, die sich an eine hydraulische Druckmittelquelle anschließen lassen und an der Oberfläche der Patrize 14 münden. Auf dem Patrizenträger 12 ist ferner ein Spannring 18 befestigt, mit dem eine im folgenden als Vatermembran 20 bezeichnete elastische Membran an ihrem äußeren Rand 22 dicht am Patrizenträger 12 und an der Patrize 14 festgeklemmt ist. Die Vatermembran 20 hat, von ihrem äußeren Rand 22 radial nach innen fortschreitend, einen im wesentlichen ebenen Fußbereich 24, einen steil nach oben ragenden, kegelstumpfförmigen Mantel 26 und ein im wesentlichen ebenes Mittelteil 28. In der Füllstellung gemäß Fig. 1 liegen der Mantel 26 und das Mittelteil 28 eng an der Mantelfläche bzw. der oberen Stirnfläche der Patrize 14 an; um dieses enge Anliegen zu gewährleisten, lassen sich die Kanäle 16 an einen Unterdruckbehälter oder eine Saugpumpe anschließen.The press tool shown in Fig. 1 to 4 has a lower Tool part 10 with a plate-shaped male carrier 12, which is designed to be attached to a press table will. A male 14 is fastened on the male carrier 12, which tapers in the shape of a truncated cone. By the male support 12 and the male 14 extend channels 16, which connect to a hydraulic pressure medium source leave and open on the surface of the male 14. On the Male carrier 12 is also attached to a clamping ring 18 one that is referred to below as the elastic membrane 20 Membrane at its outer edge 22 close to the male carrier 12 and is clamped on the male 14. The father membrane 20 progressing radially inward from its outer edge 22, an essentially flat foot region 24, a steep one upwardly projecting, frustoconical jacket 26 and an im essential flat middle part 28. In the filling position according to Fig. 1, the jacket 26 and the central part 28 are close to the Lateral surface or the upper end face of the male 14; around The canals ensure this close concern 16 connect to a vacuum tank or a suction pump.

Zu dem in Fig. 1 bis 4 dargestellten Preßwerkzeug gehört ferner ein oberes Werkzeugteil 30 mit einem ringförmigen Führungskörper 32, der eine sich nach oben kegelstumpfförmig erweiternde, glatte Innenwand 34 aufweist und in seinem unteren Bereich von mindestens einem Einfüllkanal 36 durchsetzt ist, der am äußeren Rand 22 der Vatermembran 20 mündet. Von oben her sind in den ringförmigen Führungskörper 32 Stufenbohrungen 38 eingearbeitet.The press tool shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 also belongs an upper tool part 30 with an annular guide body 32, which is a frustoconically widening has smooth inner wall 34 and in its lower region of is penetrated at least one filler channel 36 which is on the outer Edge 22 of the father membrane 20 opens. From above are in the annular guide body 32 stepped bores 38 incorporated.

Der Führungskörper 32 umschließt eine Matrize 40, die eine zur Innenwand 34 komplementäre, sich also nach oben kegelstumpfförmig verbreiternde Außenwand 42 sowie eine sich kegelstumpfförmig nach oben verjüngende innere Mantelfläche 44 und eine ebene innere Mittelfläche 46 aufweist. Die Matrize 40 ist in mehreren axialen Ebenen in Sektoren 48 unterteilt, die radial gegeneinander bewegbar sind. Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 bis 4 sind vier Sektoren 48 vorgesehen, die sich über je 90° erstrecken.The guide body 32 encloses a die 40, one for Inner wall 34 complementary, ie frustoconical upward widening outer wall 42 and a frustoconical upwardly tapering inner surface 44 and a flat has inner central surface 46. The die 40 is in several axial planes divided into sectors 48 which are radial against each other are movable. 1 to 4 four sectors 48 are provided, each extending over 90 °.

Der ringförmige Führungskörper 32 und die Matrize 40 sind von einem plattenförmigen Matrizenträger 50 überdeckt, der dazu bestimmt ist, an einem Pressenstößel befestigt zu werden. Am Matrizenträger 50 sind vier senkrechte Bolzen 52 befestigt, die im unteren Teil je einer der Stufenbohrungen 38 senkrecht verschiebbar geführt sind. An der Unterseite des Matrizenträgers 50 sind im rechten Winkel zueinander vier Führungsnuten 54 von schwalbenschwanzförmigem Profil ausgebildet, in denen je eine komplementär profilierte Führungsleiste 56 radial verschiebbar geführt ist. Die Führungsleisten 56 sind an je einem der vier Sektoren 48 der Matrize 40 befestigt oder einstückig ausgebildet.The annular guide body 32 and the die 40 are from covered a plate-shaped die carrier 50, which is intended to be attached to a press ram. At the Die carrier 50 four vertical bolts 52 are attached, the in the lower part of each one of the stepped bores 38 vertically are guided. At the bottom of the die holder 50 are four guide grooves at right angles to each other 54 of dovetail-shaped profile, in each of which a complementarily profiled guide bar 56 is radially displaceable is led. The guide strips 56 are on one of the four sectors 48 of the die 40 attached or in one piece educated.

Rings um die Bolzen 52 ist in einem erweiteren oberen Teil jeder der Stufenbohrungen 38 eine Federanordnung 58, beispielsweise in Form eines Tellerfederpakets, untergebracht, wodurch der ringförmige Führungskörper 32 in bezug auf den Matrizenträger 50 nach unten vorgespannt ist. Die Strecke, um die der Führungskörper 32 in bezug auf den Matrizenträger 50 nach unten bewegbar ist, wird von achsparallelen Schrauben 59 begrenzt.Around the bolt 52 is in an enlarged upper part each of the stepped bores 38 has a spring arrangement 58, for example in the form of a plate spring assembly, which makes the annular guide body 32 with respect to the die carrier 50 is biased down. The distance by which the Guide body 32 with respect to the die carrier 50 down is movable, is limited by axially parallel screws 59.

In den Matrizenträger 50 sind vier Verschiebevorrichtungen 60 eingebaut, die je einem der Sektoren 48 zugeordnet und so gestaltet sind, daß sie auf ihn ständig eine radial nach außen gerichtete Kraft ausüben. Jede der Verschiebevorrichtungen 60 weist einen zweiarmigen Hebel 62 auf, der um eine waagerechte, zur Verschieberichtung des zugehörigen Sektors 48 normale Achse schwenkbar am Matrizenträger 50 gelagert und an seinem unteren Ende mit dem zugehörigen Sektor 48 sowie an seinem oberen Ende mit einem ungefähr radial angeordneten Stößel 64 gelenkig verbunden ist. Der Stößel 64 ist durch einen Kraftspeicher 66 radial nach innen vorgespannt, der beispielsweise ein Tellerfederpaket oder ein Luftzylinder sein kann, und über ein Gelenk 68 am Matrizenträger 50 abgestützt ist.There are four displacement devices 60 in the die carrier 50 installed, each assigned to one of the sectors 48 and so are designed so that they are always radially outward on him exert directed force. Each of the shifters 60 has a two-armed lever 62 which is about a horizontal, to move direction of the associated sector 48 normal axis pivoted on the die carrier 50 and on its lower End with the associated sector 48 and at its upper end articulated with an approximately radially arranged plunger 64 connected is. The plunger 64 is through an energy accumulator 66 preloaded radially inwards, for example a disc spring assembly or can be an air cylinder, and via a joint 68 is supported on the die carrier 50.

Die Matrize 40 ist mit einer elastischen Membran ausgekleidet, die im folgenden als Muttermembran 70 bezeichnet wird und einen radial äußeren Rand 72, einen steilwandig-konischen Teil mit einer äußeren Mantelfläche 74 und einer inneren Mantelfläche 76 und schließlich ein im wesentlichen ebenes Mittelfeld 78 aufweist. Gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 sind die beiden Mantelflächen 74 und 76 unter dem gleichen Winkel von ungefähr 85° gegen die Waagerechte geneigt, sind also zueiander parallel, und die Muttermembran 70 hat auch sonst, ausgenommen ihren radial äußeren Rand 72, überall die gleiche Dicke.The die 40 is lined with an elastic membrane, which is referred to below as the mother membrane 70 and one radially outer edge 72, with a steep-walled-conical part an outer lateral surface 74 and an inner lateral surface 76 and finally an essentially flat midfield 78 having. 1 to 3, the two lateral surfaces 74 and 76 at the same angle of about 85 ° against that Inclined horizontally, so they are parallel to each other, and that Mother membrane 70 also has other, except their radial outer edge 72, the same thickness everywhere.

Das in Fig. 1 bis 4 dargestellte Preßwerkzeug arbeitet folgendermaßen:The pressing tool shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 works as follows:

Bei geschlossenem Preßwerkzeug wird gemäß Fig. 1 granulatförmiges keramisches Material 80 in den Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Membranen 20 und 70 eingeschossen, d.h. unter Einwirkung von Druckluft derart eingebracht, daß dieser Zwischenraum vollständig ausgefüllt wird. Dabei liegt die Vatermembran 20 vollflächig an der Patrize 14 an, und die Muttermembran 70 liegt, ebenfalls vollflächig, an der Matrize 40 an, die in bezug auf den ringförmigen Führungskörper 32 ihre tiefstmögliche Stellung einnimmt, so daß ihre Sektoren 48 dicht aneinanderliegen, wie im linken Teil der Fig. 4 dargestellt. Dabei ist die Muttermembran 70 in radialer Richtung vorzugsweise leicht komprimiert.When the pressing tool is closed, it becomes granular in accordance with FIG. 1 ceramic material 80 in the space between the shot in both membranes 20 and 70, i.e. under influence of compressed air so introduced that this space is completely filled out. The father membrane is 20 over the entire surface of the male 14 and the mother membrane 70 lies, also over the entire surface, on the die 40, which in with respect to the annular guide body 32 their lowest possible Takes position so that their sectors 48 are close together, as shown in the left part of FIG. 4. It is the mother membrane 70 is preferably light in the radial direction compressed.

Anschließend wird Flüssigkeit unter Druck in die Kanäle 16 eingeleitet, so daß die Vatermembran 20 gemäß Fig. 2 in Richtung von der Patrize 14 weg, zur Muttermembran 70 hin, elastisch verformt wird. Dabei wird das keramische Material 80 zu einem Hohlkörper 82 gepreßt.Liquid is then pressurized into the channels 16 initiated so that the father membrane 20 as shown in FIG. 2 in the direction away from the male 14, towards the mother membrane 70, is elastically deformed. The ceramic material becomes 80 pressed into a hollow body 82.

Sodann wird gemäß Fig. 3 der Matrizenträger 50, und mit ihm die Matrize 40, etwas angehoben, wobei aber die Federanordnungen 58 dafür sorgen, daß der Führungskörper 32 seine Preßstellung beibehält, in der er fest auf dem Spannring 18 des unteren Werkzeugteils 10 aufliegt. Die nach oben gerichtete Relativbewegung des Matrizenträgers 50 und der Matrize 40 in bezug auf den ringförmigen Führungskörper 32 bewirkt in Verbindung mit den in den Verschiebevorrichtungen 60 gespeicherten Federkräften, daß die Sektoren 48 der sich nach oben konisch erweiternden Innenwand 34 des Führungskörpers 32 folgen und sich also radial auseinanderbewegen, wie im rechten und oberen Teil der Fig. 4 dargestellt. Die Muttermembran 70 folgt den vier Sektoren 48 bei deren nach oben und nach außen gerichteter Bewegung, so daß sie sich in axialer und zugleich in radialer Richtung vom gepreßten Hohlkörper 82 löst. Erst wenn dies geschehen ist, wird das Preßwerkzeug geöffnet, wobei der ringförmige Führungskörper 32 vom Spannring 18 abgehoben wird. Der auf diese Weise zugänglich werdende Hohlkörper 82 wird schließlich vom unteren Werkzeugteil 10 abgehoben.Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the die carrier 50, and with it the Die 40, slightly raised, but with the spring assemblies 58th ensure that the guide body 32 is in its pressed position maintains in which it is firmly on the clamping ring 18 of the lower Tool part 10 rests. The upward relative movement the die carrier 50 and die 40 with respect to the annular guide body 32 in conjunction with the spring forces stored in the displacement devices 60, that the sectors 48 of the conically widening upwards Follow inner wall 34 of the guide body 32 and themselves move radially apart, as in the right and upper part 4 shown. The mother membrane 70 follows the four Sectors 48 with their upward and outward facing Movement so that they are in axial and at the same time in radial Direction releases from the pressed hollow body 82. Only when this has happened, the pressing tool is opened, the annular guide body 32 is lifted from the clamping ring 18. The hollow body 82 that becomes accessible in this way becomes finally lifted off the lower tool part 10.

Das in Fig. 5 bis 7 dargestellte Preßwerkzeug hat ein unteres Werkzeugteil 10, das mit dem in Fig. 1 bis 4 dargestellten vollständig übereinstimmt. Das obere Werkzeugteil 30 unterscheidet sich gemäß Fig. 5 bis 7 von dem zuvor beschriebenen im wesentlichen dadurch, daß der Führungskörper 32 und die Matrize 40 eine abgestuft zylindrische Innenwand 34 bzw. Außenwand 42 aufweisen und die Matrize 40 einstückig ist. Die Muttermembran 70 ist mit ihrem äußeren Rand 72 am ringförmigen Führungskörper 32 eingespannt, der zu diesem Zweck einen Spannring 88 aufweist. Der steilwandige Bereich der Muttermembran 70 hat eine äußere Mantelfläche 74, die deutlich weniger steil ist als die innere Mantelfläche 76.The press tool shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 has a lower one Tool part 10, that with that shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 completely matches. The upper tool part 30 differs 5 to 7 of the previously described in essentially in that the guide body 32 and the die 40 a stepped cylindrical inner wall 34 or outer wall 42 have and the die 40 is in one piece. The mother membrane 70 is with its outer edge 72 on the annular guide body 32 clamped, which has a clamping ring 88 for this purpose. The steep-walled area of the mother membrane 70 has one outer lateral surface 74, which is significantly less steep than that inner lateral surface 76.

Für aufwärts gerichtete Relativbewegungen der Matrize 40 gegenüber dem Führungskörper 32 ist eine unmittelbar zwischen diesen beiden Bauteilen wirkende Federanordnung 84 vorgesehen. Für Relativbewegungen in entgegengesetzter Richtung ist mindestens ein Stellglied 86 vorgesehen; dargestellt ist eines von vier in Umfangsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt angeordneten Stellgliedern 86 in Form einer hydraulischen Kolbenzylindereinheit, deren Zylinder an einem mit dem Führungskörper 32 fest verbundenen Deckel 90 des oberen Werkzeugteils 30 befestigt ist.For upward relative movements of the die 40 with respect to the guide body 32 is immediately between these two components acting spring assembly 84 is provided. For relative movements in the opposite direction is at least an actuator 86 is provided; is shown one of four arranged offset in the circumferential direction Actuators 86 in the form of a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit, the cylinder of which is fixed to the guide body 32 connected lid 90 of the upper tool part 30 attached is.

Das in Fig. 5 bis 7 dargestellte Preßwerkzeug arbeitet folgendermaßen:The press tool shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 works as follows:

Beim Einschießen und Pressen des keramischen Materials 80 wird die Matrize 40 von den Stellgliedern 86 in ihrer unteren Endstellung gehalten, so daß sie die Muttermembran 70 vollflächig abstützt, wobei diese, vor allem in radialer Richtung, leicht komprimiert sein kann. Nach dem isostatischen Pressen, also nach dem Abbau des Flüssigkeitsdruckes in den Kanälen 16, und nachdem sich die Vatermembran 20 unter der Wirkung einer inneren Vorspannung oder eines an die Kanäle 16 angelegten Vakuums an die Patrize 14 angelegt hat, werden die Stellglieder 86 drucklos gemacht, so daß die Federanordnung 84 die Matrize 40 gemäß Fig. 7 nach oben drückt. Dabei löst sich die Matrize 40 vollständig von der Muttermembran 70, was durch die im Verhältnis zur inneren Mantelfläche 76 geringere Steilheit der äußeren Mantelfläche 74 der Muttermembran 70 erleichtert wird. Wenn die Die Muttermembran 70 zuvor leicht gestaucht war, expandiert sie nun und löst sich infolgedessen vom gepreßten Hohlkörper 82, so daß dieser bei vollständigem Öffnen des Preßwerkzeugs nicht mehr gefährdet wird. Wenn die Muttermembran 70 in ihrer Arbeitsstellung gemäß Fig.5 und 6 von der Matrize 40 nicht gestaucht worden ist sondern im wesentlichen frei von inneren Spannungen an der Matrize 40 angelegen ist, kann es zweckmäßig sein, in dem Augenblick, in dem die Stellglieder 86 drucklos gemacht werden, ein leichtes Vakuum an die Rückseite (bei der dargestellten Anordnung ist dies die Oberseite) der Muttermembran 70 anzulegen, damit sie den gepreßten Hohlkörper 82 zuverlässig freigibt. When the ceramic material is shot and pressed 80 the die 40 from the actuators 86 in its lower End position held so that the mother membrane 70 over the entire surface supports, this, especially in the radial direction, can be easily compressed. After the isostatic pressing, after the reduction of the liquid pressure in the channels 16, and after the father membrane 20 under the action of a internal bias or one applied to channels 16 Vacuum applied to the male 14, the actuators 86 depressurized so that the spring assembly 84 the die 40 pushes upwards according to FIG. 7. The die comes off 40 completely from the mother membrane 70, which by the im Relative to the inner lateral surface 76 lower steepness of the outer lateral surface 74 of the mother membrane 70 is facilitated. If the mother membrane 70 was previously slightly compressed, it now expands and consequently releases itself from the pressed one Hollow body 82 so that this when the Press tool is no longer endangered. If the mother membrane 70 in its working position according to Figures 5 and 6 from the die 40 has not been compressed but is essentially free of internal stresses on the die 40, it can be expedient at the moment when the actuators 86 be depressurized, a slight vacuum on the back (In the arrangement shown, this is the top) Mother membrane 70 to create the pressed hollow body Reliably releases 82.

Beide Preßwerkzeuge, die im vorstehenden anhand der Fig. 1 bis 4 bzw. Fig. 5 bis 7 beschrieben worden sind, können in beliebiger Lage im Raum angeordnet werden, insbesondere auch in umgekehrter Lage, also mit oben angeordnetem Werkzeugteil 10 und unten angeordnetem Werkzeugteil 30.Both pressing tools, the above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 or 5 to 7 have been described, can be in any Location can be arranged in space, especially in Reverse position, i.e. with tool part 10 arranged at the top and tool part 30 arranged below.

Claims (10)

  1. A compression moulding die for the isostatic moulding of steep-wall hollow bodies (82) from ceramic material (80), comprising
    a first die part (10) which includes a male mould support (12) with a male mould (14) fixed to the same, a paternal membrane (20), and passages (16) for the introduction of pressurized fluid between the male mould (14) and the paternal membrane (20), and
    a second die part (30) which includes at least two structural components, among them a female mould (40), which are movable axially with respect to the first die part (10) and whith respect to each other,
    characterized in that the female mould (40) is lined with a maternal membrane (70), enclosed by an annular guide member (32), and movable within the guide member, when the compression mould is closed, between a compression position at which the female mould (40) fully supports the maternal membrane (70) across the entire surface area and a relief position at which the female mould (40) permits the maternal membrane (70) to expand in radial direction.
  2. The compression moulding die as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the maternal membrane (70) is compressed radially by the female mould (40) in the compression position thereof and is relaxed in the relief position of the female mould.
  3. The compression moulding die as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide member (32) has an inner wall (34) which flares conically in a direction away from the die part (10), and the female mould (40) has a complementary outer wall (42) and is subdivided into a plurality of sectors (48) which are movable radially away from one another.
  4. The compression moulding die as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the sectors (48) are biased radially away from one another.
  5. The compression moulding die as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the sectors (48) are guided on a female mould support (50) for their radial movements, the female mould support being movable together with the sectors in axial direction with respect to the guide member (32).
  6. The compression moulding die as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that a spring assembly (58) is clamped between the guide member (32) and the female mould support (50) and attempts to move the female mould support (50) together with the female mould (40) axially away from the male mould (14).
  7. The compression moulding die as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the maternal membrane (70) is secured by its outer edge (72) to the sectors (48) of the female mould (40).
  8. The compression moulding die as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the maternal membrane (70) is clamped by its outer edge (72) to the guide member (32), and the female mould, as a whole, is movable axially away from the maternal membrane (70).
  9. The compression moulding die as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the female mould (40) is biased by a spring assembly (84) with respect to the guide member (32) in the sense of movement axially away, from the maternal membrane (70) and is displaceable in opposite direction by at least one adjusting member (86).
  10. The compression moulding die as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the female mould (40) and the maternal membrane (70) have complementary inside and outside surfaces (44, 74), respectively, which are less steep than the outside surface of the compressed hollow body (82) and the complementary inside surface (76) of the maternal membrane (70).
EP94111972A 1993-08-03 1994-08-01 Dies for the isostatic pressing of hollow bodies with steep walls from a ceramic material Expired - Lifetime EP0637489B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4326033 1993-08-03
DE4326033A DE4326033C1 (en) 1993-08-03 1993-08-03 Pressing tool for isostatic pressing of steep-faced hollow members made of ceramic material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0637489A1 EP0637489A1 (en) 1995-02-08
EP0637489B1 true EP0637489B1 (en) 1998-02-25

Family

ID=6494361

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94111972A Expired - Lifetime EP0637489B1 (en) 1993-08-03 1994-08-01 Dies for the isostatic pressing of hollow bodies with steep walls from a ceramic material

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0637489B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1105924A (en)
DE (2) DE4326033C1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009048882B4 (en) * 2009-10-09 2012-08-02 Sama Maschinenbau Gmbh Device and method for producing behind-grip cups

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011103745B4 (en) * 2011-05-31 2020-06-04 Sama Maschinenbau Gmbh Method and pressing tool for isostatic pressing
DE102013004047A1 (en) 2013-03-08 2014-09-11 Dorst Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Press arrangement and method for pressing a pressed part
PL3169496T3 (en) 2014-07-15 2021-11-22 Dorst Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Press arrangement and method for pressing pressed parts
DE102016015637A1 (en) 2016-12-29 2018-07-05 Günter Söthje Apparatus and method for producing containers with at least one handle
US10773291B2 (en) * 2017-05-24 2020-09-15 Polyurethane Products Universal radius forming system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1152063A (en) * 1965-06-21 1969-05-14 American Radiator & Standard Method and apparatus for Isostatically Pressing Ceramic Ware
IT1054058B (en) * 1976-01-13 1981-11-10 Bettonica L HYDRAULIC PRESS PARTICULARLY FOR THE FORMING AND PRESSING OF CERAMIC OBJECTS CYLINDRICAL TRUNK OR CONICAL OR SIMILAR TRUNK
DE3145199A1 (en) * 1981-11-13 1983-06-01 Dorst - Maschinen- und Anlagen-Bau Otto Dorst u. Dipl.-Ing. Walter Schlegel GmbH & Co, 8113 Kochel Press mould for the production of ceramic mouldings, in particular plates, from a pulverulent composition
DE3332277A1 (en) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-04 Dorst - Maschinen- und Anlagen-Bau Otto Dorst u. Dipl. Ing. Walter Schlegel GmbH & Co, 8113 Kochel PRESS FOR PRODUCING DISHES OD. DGL.
DE3524779A1 (en) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-15 Laeis Gmbh PRESS FOR MAKING DISHES OR THE LIKE
EP0221224A1 (en) * 1985-10-08 1987-05-13 Enzo Mantegani A press for the production of pieces requiring for their industrial processing a preforming step with low expenditure of forces and a final high pressure

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009048882B4 (en) * 2009-10-09 2012-08-02 Sama Maschinenbau Gmbh Device and method for producing behind-grip cups

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4326033C1 (en) 1994-11-03
EP0637489A1 (en) 1995-02-08
DE59405292D1 (en) 1998-04-02
CN1105924A (en) 1995-08-02

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