EP0631834A1 - Plaquette de coupe pour alésoir - Google Patents

Plaquette de coupe pour alésoir Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0631834A1
EP0631834A1 EP94109244A EP94109244A EP0631834A1 EP 0631834 A1 EP0631834 A1 EP 0631834A1 EP 94109244 A EP94109244 A EP 94109244A EP 94109244 A EP94109244 A EP 94109244A EP 0631834 A1 EP0631834 A1 EP 0631834A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife plate
cutting edge
chip breaker
plate according
knife
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94109244A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0631834B1 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Dr. Kress
Friedrich Häberle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mapal Fabrik fuer Praezisionswerkzeuge Dr Kress KG
Original Assignee
Mapal Fabrik fuer Praezisionswerkzeuge Dr Kress KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mapal Fabrik fuer Praezisionswerkzeuge Dr Kress KG filed Critical Mapal Fabrik fuer Praezisionswerkzeuge Dr Kress KG
Publication of EP0631834A1 publication Critical patent/EP0631834A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0631834B1 publication Critical patent/EP0631834B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23B2200/123—Side or flank surfaces curved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23B2200/125—Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23B2200/202—Top or side views of the cutting edge with curved cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23B2200/204—Top or side views of the cutting edge with discontinuous cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D2277/26—Means for breaking chips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D2277/32—Details of the region preceding the axial cutting edge in the direction of feed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10S408/713—Tool having detachable cutting edge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y10T407/235—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges with integral chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/24—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y10T407/245—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector comprising concave surface in cutting face of tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a knife insert for a reamer for the fine machining of metallic workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • chip breakers on the surface of the cutter insert.
  • the chips removed from the cutting edge of the knife plate run along the cutting surface until they come up against the chip breaker and are bent so that they break.
  • the very thin chips such as those produced during fine machining, are still so long, even when using such chip breakers, that they impair the result of the fine machining.
  • the knife insert is preferred in which the main cutting edge has two areas which drop at different angles of inclination.
  • the chip breaker is designed such that it drops off uniformly from the high point in the area of the main cutting edge.
  • the knife insert the main cutting edge of which follows an arc or a curve.
  • the chip breaker is designed so that it starts out has two different areas with different angles of inclination from the high point - in the direction towards the end face of the knife plate.
  • Such an embodiment is characterized by particularly good chipbreaker behavior, which means that short chips are also produced during fine machining.
  • an embodiment of the cutter plate is preferred which is characterized in that the chip breaker has a height of approximately 0.1 mm.
  • Such a low height of the chip breaker means that only a small amount of material has to be removed from the top of the cutting plate when the chip breaker is being produced, provided that the chip breaker step and the adjoining chip face are produced in a grinding process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cutter insert 1 for a fine machining tool, in particular for a reamer, which is known to serve for the surface machining of a bore wall.
  • the cutting tip 1 is clamped on the head of the reamer in a suitable manner in such a way that it projects beyond the circumferential surface thereof.
  • the reamer is set in rotation and inserted into the bore to be machined, whereby thin chips with a thickness of a few 1/100 mm are removed from the bore wall.
  • the knife plate 1 shown in FIG. 1 is fastened in the reamer in such a way that the longitudinal edge 3 runs essentially parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool and the end face 5 of the knife plate 1 points in the direction of advance indicated by the double arrow.
  • the longitudinal edge 3 of the essentially rectangular knife plate 1 merges into an end face 5, which is curved here in the shape of a circular arc, and the region curved in the shape of a circular arc forms the main cutting edge 7 of the knife plate.
  • the transition between the main cutting edge 7 and the longitudinal edge 3 forming the secondary cutting edge of the cutting tip 1 takes place at an apex 9 which, when the cutting tip 1 is inserted into a reamer, forms the radially outermost point of the tool.
  • the lateral boundary edges of the elevation 13 form the chip breaker 17, the course of which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the knife plate 1 shown in Figure 1 is designed as a reversible plate, that is, the upper and right outer edge of the knife plate, that is, the longitudinal edge 3, the arcuate region of the main cutting edge 7 and the end face 5 of the knife plate 1 are on the diagonally opposite side of the Knife plate designed identically.
  • This means that the knife plate can be rotated through 180 ° about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the knife chest 11 if the cutting edges present here at the top or at the top right have become blunt due to the machining of a workpiece.
  • training as an indexable insert is by no means absolutely necessary.
  • the left rear side of the knife plate resulting in FIG. 1 plays no role in the use of the main cutting edge 7 and the adjacent secondary cutting edge 3, so that their configuration is ultimately irrelevant. Due to the design as an indexable insert, however, this can be better exploited, that is, more economically.
  • the chip breaker 17 does not extend in a straight line over the entire area of the main and minor cutting edge of the knife insert. Rather, it is characterized by a high point 19 which is closest to the associated cutting edge. The other areas of the chip breaker 17 are therefore at a greater distance from the respective cutting edge.
  • the knife plate 1 shown here is characterized in that the high point 19 of the chip breaker 17 is directly assigned to the apex 9 of the cutting edges of the knife plate 1. This means that the apex 9 is located directly above the high point 19, so that both points lie on an imaginary line 21 which intersects the imaginary center line 23 of the knife insert 1 at an angle of 90 °.
  • the distance between the apex 9 and the high point 19, measured in the direction of the imaginary line 21, is determined as a function of the material or workpiece to be machined. For steel workpieces, it is 3/10 mm to 7/10 mm, preferably 5/10 mm; for aluminum workpieces 5/10 mm to 10/10 mm, preferably 8/10 mm.
  • the chip breaker 17 can run parallel to the longitudinal edge or secondary cutting edge 3. However, it is also possible that both - as shown here - enclose an acute angle, the apex of which points towards the end face 5 of the cutting tip 1.
  • the chip breaker 17 is characterized in that it has two sections in the area of the main cutting edge 7 following an arc, which have different angles of inclination. In a first section 25, the chip breaker 17 drops towards the end face 5 at an angle of 10 ° to 30 °, in particular of 15 ° to 25 °. An angle of inclination of approximately 20 ° is particularly preferred.
  • the chip breaker 17 is characterized by a significantly steeper inclination. It falls here at an angle of 40 ° to 80 °, preferably from 50 ° to 70 °. An angle of inclination of approximately 60 ° is particularly preferred here.
  • the chip breaker stage 17 is characterized here by two break points: the first break point coincides with the high point 19 of the chip breaker stage, which lies directly opposite the vertex 9 of the cutter plate 1. To the right of this, that is to say in the area of the main cutting edge 7 of the cutting tip 1, there is a further break point 29 which is formed by the two adjoining sections 25 and 27 with different angles of inclination.
  • the second break point 29 has - measured in the horizontal direction - a distance from the high point 19 of d 1 of about 0.5 mm. So that means the first Section 25 is significantly shorter than the second section 27, which extends from the break point 29 to practically to the end face 5 of the cutter insert.
  • the chip breaker step 17 drops much flatter in the area of the secondary cutting edge 3, that is to say it drops towards the center line 23 than in the area of the main knife edge 7, where the chip breaker step in the first section 25 at an angle of preferably 20 ° and the second section 27 at an angle of approximately 60 °. falls off.
  • the angle of inclination in the area of the minor cutting edge is 0 ° to 10 °, preferably 1 ° to 5 °, and in particular 3 °.
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the right upper edge of the knife plate 1, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals, so that their detailed description can be dispensed with.
  • the knife plate 1 has a clamping groove 33 which sinks towards the center line 3 and is essentially V-shaped in cross section.
  • the lateral boundary surfaces 35 of the knife plate 1 are opposite the horizontal inclined to form the so-called clearance angle. Therefore, as already mentioned, the back of the knife plate 1 is smaller than the front or knife chest 11.
  • the chip breaker is lowest in the region of the center line 23. Near the high point 19, its height is 0.05 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.1 mm. Because of this small height of the chip breaker step, only a very slight removal of the material of the knife plate in the area of the chip face 15 is required, which is formed as a continuous plane in the exemplary embodiment shown here.
  • FIG. 3 finally shows a further embodiment of a knife plate 1/1, of which only the right upper edge is shown here. It is also possible to design this 1/1 knife insert as a square reversible insert, so that its diagonally opposite edge is also designed as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the knife plate 1/1 is preferably essentially rectangular, the upper longitudinal edge, which here runs essentially horizontally, forming the minor cutting edge 3. From a vertex 9, the cutting edge drops off from the horizontal, imaginary continuation of the longitudinal edge, in a first region 35 at an angle of approximately 3 ° and in a second region 37 at approximately an angle of 30 °.
  • the first Area 35 and second area 37 form an inflection point 39 in the transition area.
  • the chip breaker 17 is in turn formed in that an elevation 13 is provided on the knife face 11, which is surrounded by a lower-lying chip surface 15. The flanks of the elevation form the chip breaker 17.
  • the chip breaker 17 also runs in the transition area between the secondary cutting edge 3 and the main cutting edge 7, forming a high point 19 which is closest to the cutting edge of the knife insert.
  • the chip breaker 17 runs practically in a straight line. It has a continuous angle of inclination of 10 ° to 30 °, in particular of 15 ° to 25 °. However, an inclination angle of 20 ° is particularly preferred, as also shown in FIG. 3.
  • the chip breaker 17 is characterized in that it is preferably designed to be straight and continuous, that is to say it has no further break point apart from the high point, as is the case with the Embodiment according to Figure 1 is the case.
  • the chip breaker falls - contrary to the direction of advance of the tool, which is indicated by a double arrow, that is to say that it encloses an angle with the secondary edge 3, the apex of which in the direction of the end face 5 of the cutting tip 1/1.
  • the angle of inclination of the chip breaker 17 in the area of the minor cutting edge 3 can also be 0 °.
  • the distance between the apex 9 and the high point 19, measured along the imaginary line 21, is also determined here as a function of the material of the machined workpiece.
  • the distance values that were specified for the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 also apply to the exemplary embodiment explained with reference to FIG. 3.
  • both exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 have in common that the chip breaker 17 can also follow a curve which, for example, has the shape of a circular arc, the center point of the circular arc lies far outside the base body of the knife plate.
  • the basic idea of the arrangement of the chip breaker 17 explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 can also be transferred to other configurations of the knife plate. It is essential that the high point 19 of the chip breaker is assigned to the vertex 9 of the cutting tip and is arranged at a distance that is matched to the material of the machined workpiece, i.e. the transition area between minor and main cutting edge, which forms the radially outermost point of the cutting tip, provided that this is in a reamer is inserted.
  • the apex can be found, for example, by applying an imaginary tangent to the cutting edge of the knife insert.
  • the chip breaker - at least in the area of the main cutting edge - drops, that is, the distance between the chip breaker and the cutting edge increases.
  • the course of the chip breaker can be selected so that it is arranged parallel to the secondary edge, or else falls at a flat, that is, an acute angle. In any case, a break point is provided in the course of the chip breaker, which forms its peak.
  • Another kink in the course of the chip breaker can be formed in that two sections 25 and 27 are present with different angles of inclination.
  • This configuration of the chip breaker is particularly preferred for knife inserts, whose main cutting edge follows an arc, as explained with reference to Figure 1.
  • a chip breaker specified here also with triangular or other polygonal, for example hexagonal, knife inserts.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
EP94109244A 1993-06-21 1994-06-16 Plaquette de coupe pour alésoir Expired - Lifetime EP0631834B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4320511A DE4320511C2 (de) 1993-06-21 1993-06-21 Messerplatte für eine Reibahle
DE4320511 1993-06-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0631834A1 true EP0631834A1 (fr) 1995-01-04
EP0631834B1 EP0631834B1 (fr) 1998-08-12

Family

ID=6490824

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94109244A Expired - Lifetime EP0631834B1 (fr) 1993-06-21 1994-06-16 Plaquette de coupe pour alésoir

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5474406A (fr)
EP (1) EP0631834B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3827337B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9402468A (fr)
DE (2) DE4320511C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2121123T3 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2719246A1 (fr) * 1994-04-29 1995-11-03 Beck August Gmbh Co Plaque de coupe pour alésoir unilame et procédé pour aléser des forures avec cette plaque de coupe.
WO2006135946A1 (fr) * 2005-06-24 2006-12-28 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Alesoir a plaquette de coupe
CZ298016B6 (cs) * 2000-06-02 2007-05-23 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Výstružník

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19518241C2 (de) * 1995-05-15 1998-07-16 Mapal Fab Praezision Reibahle
US5823720A (en) * 1996-02-16 1998-10-20 Bitmoore High precision cutting tools
IT240848Y1 (it) * 1996-08-13 2001-04-11 Omus System S P A Barenatore a inserto pluritagliente
US5957755A (en) 1996-09-30 1999-09-28 Laflamme; Robert Remanufactured cutting insert and method of remanufacturing the same
US6939090B1 (en) * 1999-08-17 2005-09-06 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Throwaway tip and throwaway-type cutting tool
DE10033012A1 (de) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-13 Mapal Fab Praezision Reibahle
DE10129399B4 (de) * 2001-06-19 2005-05-19 CBS Präzionswerkzeuge GmbH Maschinenreibahle und zugehörige Schneidplatte
DE102005005213A1 (de) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-17 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Werkzeug zur Feinbearbeitung von Bohrungsoberflächen
IL186967A0 (en) * 2007-10-28 2008-02-09 Iscar Ltd Cutting head of a reamer
DE102011082979A1 (de) 2011-09-19 2013-03-21 Komet Group Gmbh Reibwerkzeug und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
WO2019073752A1 (fr) * 2017-10-12 2019-04-18 株式会社アライドマテリアル Outil de coupe rotatif
DE102021120357A1 (de) 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Hartmetall-Werkzeugfabrik Paul Horn Gmbh Schneideinsatz und werkzeug zur spanenden bearbeitung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2063732A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-06-10 Beck August Gmbh Co Reamer with a flat rectangular reversible cutting bit
DE3404005A1 (de) * 1984-02-06 1985-08-14 Mapal Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr.Kress KG, 7080 Aalen Messerplatte
DE4102716A1 (de) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-08 Mapal Fab Praezision Messerplatte

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3832547A1 (de) * 1988-09-24 1990-04-05 Mapal Fab Praezision Messerplatte fuer die praezisionsbearbeitung insbesondere von bohrungen
US4850757A (en) * 1988-12-23 1989-07-25 Gte Valenite Corporation Rotary cutting tool

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2063732A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-06-10 Beck August Gmbh Co Reamer with a flat rectangular reversible cutting bit
DE3404005A1 (de) * 1984-02-06 1985-08-14 Mapal Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr.Kress KG, 7080 Aalen Messerplatte
DE4102716A1 (de) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-08 Mapal Fab Praezision Messerplatte

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2719246A1 (fr) * 1994-04-29 1995-11-03 Beck August Gmbh Co Plaque de coupe pour alésoir unilame et procédé pour aléser des forures avec cette plaque de coupe.
CZ298016B6 (cs) * 2000-06-02 2007-05-23 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Výstružník
WO2006135946A1 (fr) * 2005-06-24 2006-12-28 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Alesoir a plaquette de coupe
US8043032B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2011-10-25 Mapel Fabrik Fur Prazisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress Kg Interchangeable tool part for a reamer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9402468A (pt) 1995-01-25
DE4320511A1 (de) 1994-12-22
JP3827337B2 (ja) 2006-09-27
DE59406649D1 (de) 1998-09-17
JPH0751929A (ja) 1995-02-28
EP0631834B1 (fr) 1998-08-12
DE4320511C2 (de) 2001-06-13
US5474406A (en) 1995-12-12
ES2121123T3 (es) 1998-11-16

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