EP0623402B1 - Process for extrusion of metal and extrusion press - Google Patents
Process for extrusion of metal and extrusion press Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0623402B1 EP0623402B1 EP94400976A EP94400976A EP0623402B1 EP 0623402 B1 EP0623402 B1 EP 0623402B1 EP 94400976 A EP94400976 A EP 94400976A EP 94400976 A EP94400976 A EP 94400976A EP 0623402 B1 EP0623402 B1 EP 0623402B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- housing
- billet
- crosspiece
- extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C27/00—Containers for metal to be extruded
- B21C27/04—Venting metal-container chamber
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a method of spinning a metal billet in a spinning press according to the preamble of claim 1 and also covers a spinning press according to the preamble of claim 5 or 7, suitable for placing work of said process.
- an metal billet is generally extruded in a spinning press comprising, in general, a container limiting a tubular housing centered on a spinning axis closed at its ends by two closing pieces and in which is placed a billet of metal to be spun, one of said pieces being provided with a die.
- the assembly is placed in a frame made up of two fixed crosspieces kept apart from one another by tie rods.
- One of the closing pieces is made up of a grain of the same diameter as the housing and placed at the end of a gland allowing its introduction into the housing under the action of a main spinning cylinder bearing on a fixed cross member, moving closer to the other closing part which bears on the other cross member.
- the metal compressed between the two closure parts is extruded through the die in the form of a profile of the same section.
- the container In the so-called direct spinning process, the container is fixed and bears directly, with the closure part carrying the die, on one of the fixed crosspieces.
- the gland bearing the grain which constitutes the other closing part is actuated by the main spinning jack so as to make the grain penetrate into the container housing (see US-A-3649816 which corresponds to the preambles of claims 1 and 5) .
- the die is mounted on a grain of diameter equal to that of the container housing and placed at the end of a tubular gland bearing on one of the fixed crosspieces.
- the container is closed at its opposite end by a bottom and the assembly is mounted on a movable cross member actuated by the main extrusion cylinder, so that the housing threads on the grain by determining the extrusion by the die of the metal billet contained inside the housing , the extruded profile being removed by the tubular gland (see US-A-4989437 which forms the base of the preamble of claim 7).
- the metal billets are produced from very long pieces in which pieces having a length slightly shorter than that of the container housing are cut. Each piece has, on the other hand, a cross section slightly smaller than that of the container housing so as to provide, between the internal face of said housing and the external face of each billet, a clearance necessary for the introduction of the billet into housing.
- this degassing is carried out by controlling, after precompression, a slight recoil of the container with the gland to allow the container to come off the bottom carrying the die, allowing compressed air to escape into the housing .
- auxiliary cylinders provided on the press are used for the operations isolated from the container and the return cylinders. of the main extrusion cylinder which normally is single acting.
- the invention remedies these drawbacks by means of a new process which makes it possible to practically avoid the dead time which, until now, was necessary for degassing and, thus, to increase the productivity of the press. It is known, in fact, that the recent development of the technique leads to as continuous use as possible of the press while not neglecting any idle time, even of short duration.
- the invention is intended more specifically for direct spinning presses, but can also find applications in reverse spinning presses.
- the invention therefore applies, in general, to the spinning of a metal billet in a spinning press comprising a first and a second fixed sleepers spaced apart by a constant distance, a container provided with a tubular housing centered on a spinning axis and in which the billet is placed, said container bearing on the first fixed cross-member, two closure pieces at the two ends of the housing, respectively a first piece resting on said first fixed cross-member and a second piece, of section substantially equal to that of the housing, mounted at the end of an elongated gland bearing on the second fixed cross member and capable of penetrating by axial sliding inside the housing, a die centered on the spinning axis and mounted on one of said closing pieces, and means for controlling the bringing together of said closing pieces towards one another, by resting on one of said fixed crosspieces, for the spinning of the billet by extrusion in the die, the spinning operation being preceded by a phase of precompression of the billet between the two closure parts until its side wall is applied against the internal face of the housing.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least during the greater part of the precompression phase, the container is prevented from being applied to the first closure part while maintaining, between the latter and the end corresponding container, a small clearance for the progressive evacuation of the air contained in the housing during the precompression of the billet and until the complete application thereof on the internal face of the housing.
- a spacer means is interposed between the container and the first cross member capable of exerting on the container a calibrated retaining force directed in the opposite direction to the direction of penetration of the second closure part. in the housing, the value of which is limited so that the spreading means yields under the pressure of the container, allowing the clearance to be removed and the piece prayer to be closed when the application of the billet on the wall of the housing is sufficient to secure the container with the billet.
- a hydraulic pressure is relieved for a short time and at the end of the precompression phase in the spinning control means, which determines a slight decline in the billet with the container and the reopening of the first closure part under the action of said spacing means, with instantaneous creation of a clearance allowing the escape of residual air.
- the invention also covers a spinning press suitable for implementing the method of the invention as defined in claim 5 or 7.
- said retaining means consist of at least two jacks arranged on either side of the spinning axis and bearing on one side on the first cross member and on the other on the corresponding end of the container.
- the retaining jacks are associated with means for releasing the pressure when the latter exceeds a limit value.
- a spinning press comprising two fixed crosspieces 1, 11, spaced from one another by a constant distance maintained by tie rods 12, and between which is mounted sliding a movable cross member 2 carrying a container 3 in which is formed a cylindrical housing 4 centered on a spinning axis 10.
- the container 3 can move axially with the movable cross member 2 under the action of auxiliary jacks 21 bearing on the fixed cross member 11.
- the container 3 can thus be applied against a part 13 forming a closure bottom of the corresponding end 41 of housing 4, on which is mounted a die 14 centered on the spinning axis 10.
- the end 42 of the housing 4 is closed by a thrust grain 5 mounted at the end of an elongated gland SI attached to the piston 52 of a main spinning cylinder whose body 53 is formed in the fixed cross member 11.
- a metal billet 6, of diameter slightly smaller than that of the housing 4, is placed inside the latter and the container is advanced by the auxiliary jacks 21 towards the die-holding part 13 which closes the 'corresponding end 41 of the housing 4.
- the gland 51 is pushed by the main jack 52 or else under the action of auxiliary jacks not shown, so that the thrust grain 5, which has a roughly identical cross section, to that of the housing 4, enters the corresponding end 42 thereof, and bears against the corresponding face of the billet 6 which is supported, itself on the bottom.
- the container 3 is applied, by its front face 31, against the closure bottom 13 and the air contained in the existing set, originally, between the billet 6 and the housing 4, is compressed by the swelling of the billet 6.
- the container 43 is prevented from applying by its face 31 against the die holder part 13 by means of jacks 7, 7 ′ which are interposed between the fixed cross member 1 and the container 3 or the movable cross member 2.
- jacks 7, 7 ′ which are interposed between the fixed cross member 1 and the container 3 or the movable cross member 2.
- two jacks 7, 7 ′ are used, the body 71 of which is fixed to the fixed cross member 1 and the rod 72 of which comes to bear against the movable cross member 2.
- the length of the rods 72 is determined so that, in the extended position of the jacks 7, 7 ′, there is a slight clearance (e) between the front face 31 of the container 3 and the corresponding face 15 of the die holder part. 13.
- the movable cross member 2 After having loaded the billet 6 into the housing 4 of the container 3, by well known means, the movable cross member 2 is advanced by means of the auxiliary jacks 21 until it comes to bear on the jacks 7, 7 'which are in the fully extended position. In this position, the front face 31 of the container is therefore at a short distance (e) from the die holder part 13.
- the grain 5 is then advanced under the action of the main cylinder 52 and the billet 6 is applied, by its front face 60, against the die holder bottom 13 and then begins to inflate.
- the air contained between the internal face 43 of the housing 4 and the external face 61 of the billet escapes progressively through the clearance (e) as the billet 6 swells.
- each cylinder 7 (7 ′) is calibrated so as to resist the advancement of the container only up to a certain limit of the pressure applied to the billet, from which the metal could seep into the game (e). From this limit, the friction between the billet 6 and the internal face 43 of the housing 4 is such that the container 3 is sufficiently secured to the grain 5 to repel the jacks 7, 7 ′ which yield under the applied thrust, allowing the advancement of the container 3 until its front face 31 comes to bear against the corresponding face 15 of the die holder part 13 by completely closing the end 41 of the housing 4.
- the second degassing step which, moreover, may not always be essential, it is carried out automatically and almost instantaneously under the action of the jacks 7, 7 ′ maintained in pressure as soon as a trigger is ordered in the main cylinder 54.
- This is an essential advantage compared to the arrangements used until now, in which the air was allowed to compress in the container during the decompression phase, the degassing being carried out then by controlling the recoil of the container by means of the auxiliary cylinders 21 or else the return cylinders of the main cylinder (not shown in the Figure).
- Such recoil requires different hydraulic maneuvers which are eliminated in the process according to the invention, which makes it possible to improve productivity by avoiding the corresponding dead time.
- the invention can also be implemented by a very simple device, which comprises only two jacks 7, 7 'supplied by a hydraulic circuit 74 under a limited pressure, for example, by a calibrated valve 73 whose adjustment can be determined taking into account the characteristics of the press, the nature of the metal and the pressure from which it could escape through the clearance (e) left between the container (3) and the die holder (13).
- the container in a reverse spinning press, the container is mobile and slides onto the gland which is fixed and carries, at its end, a grain on which the die is mounted and which penetrates into the front end of the housing.
- the main spinning actuator actuates a movable cross member which carries a bottom for closing the container and bears on it to push it towards the fixed cross member carrying the gland, the spun product being discharged through an orifice provided in the axis of the gland.
- the container retaining jacks would then be placed on the movable cross member to rest on the rear face of the container and prevent the application of the latter against the movable cross member, leaving a clearance between the container and the closure bottom.
- the gradual evacuation of the air as precompression and until the pressure of application of the billet against the internal face of the housing is such that the container is sufficiently integral with the latter so that the retaining jacks yield while letting the play close.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Description
L'invention a pour objet un procédé de filage d'une billette de métal dans une presse à filer selon le préambule de la revendication 1 et couvre également une presse à filer selon le préambule de la revendication 5 ou 7, adaptée à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé.The subject of the invention is a method of spinning a metal billet in a spinning press according to the preamble of claim 1 and also covers a spinning press according to the preamble of
On sait que, pour réaliser des barres, des fils ou autres profilés métalliques, particulièrement en métal non ferreux, on effectue généralement une extrusion d'une billette de métal dans une presse à filer comprenant, d'une façon générale, un conteneur limitant un logement tubulaire centré sur un axe de filage fermé à ses extrémités par deux pièces de fermeture et dans lequel est placée une billette de métal à filer, l'une desdites pièces étant munie d'une filière. L'ensemble est placé dans un bâti constitué de deux traverses fixes maintenues écartées l'une de l'autre par des tirants. L'une des pièces de fermeture est constituée d'un grain de même diamètre que le logement et placé à l'extrémité d'un fouloir permettant son introduction dans le logement sous l'action d'un vérin principal de filage prenant appui sur une traverse fixe, en se rapprochant de l'autre pièce de fermeture qui prend appui sur l'autre traverse. Le métal comprimé entre les deux pièces de fermeture est extrudé par la filière sous forme d'un profilé de même section.It is known that, in order to produce bars, wires or other metal profiles, particularly of non-ferrous metal, an metal billet is generally extruded in a spinning press comprising, in general, a container limiting a tubular housing centered on a spinning axis closed at its ends by two closing pieces and in which is placed a billet of metal to be spun, one of said pieces being provided with a die. The assembly is placed in a frame made up of two fixed crosspieces kept apart from one another by tie rods. One of the closing pieces is made up of a grain of the same diameter as the housing and placed at the end of a gland allowing its introduction into the housing under the action of a main spinning cylinder bearing on a fixed cross member, moving closer to the other closing part which bears on the other cross member. The metal compressed between the two closure parts is extruded through the die in the form of a profile of the same section.
Dans le procédé dit de filage direct, le conteneur est fixe et prend appui directement, avec la pièce de fermeture portant la filière, sur l'une des traverses fixes. Le fouloir portant le grain qui constitue l'autre pièce de fermeture est actionné par le vérin principal de filage de façon à faire pénétrer le grain dans le logement du conteneur (voir US-A-3649816 qui correspond aux préambules des revendications 1 et 5).In the so-called direct spinning process, the container is fixed and bears directly, with the closure part carrying the die, on one of the fixed crosspieces. The gland bearing the grain which constitutes the other closing part is actuated by the main spinning jack so as to make the grain penetrate into the container housing (see US-A-3649816 which corresponds to the preambles of claims 1 and 5) .
Dans le procédé dit du filage inverse, la filière est montée sur un grain de diamètre égal à celui du logement du conteneur et placé à l'extrémité d'un fouloir tubulaire prenant appui sur l'une des traverses fixes. Le conteneur est fermé à son extrémité opposée par un fond et l'ensemble est monté sur une traverse mobile actionnée par le vérin principal d'extrusion, de façon que le logement s'enfile sur le grain en déterminant l'extrusion par la filière de la billette de métal contenue à l'intérieur du logement, le profilé extrudé étant évacué par le fouloir tubulaire (voir US-A-4989437 qui forme la base du préambule de la revendication 7).In the so-called reverse spinning process, the die is mounted on a grain of diameter equal to that of the container housing and placed at the end of a tubular gland bearing on one of the fixed crosspieces. The container is closed at its opposite end by a bottom and the assembly is mounted on a movable cross member actuated by the main extrusion cylinder, so that the housing threads on the grain by determining the extrusion by the die of the metal billet contained inside the housing , the extruded profile being removed by the tubular gland (see US-A-4989437 which forms the base of the preamble of claim 7).
Les billettes de métal, sont réalisées à partir de lopins de grande longueur dans lesquels on coupe des morceaux ayant une longueur un peu inférieure à celle du logement du conteneur. Chaque lopin présente, d'autre part, une section transversale légèrement inférieure à celle du logement du conteneur de façon à ménager, entre la face interne dudit logement et la face externe de chaque billette, un jeu nécessaire à l'introduction de la billette dans le logement.The metal billets are produced from very long pieces in which pieces having a length slightly shorter than that of the container housing are cut. Each piece has, on the other hand, a cross section slightly smaller than that of the container housing so as to provide, between the internal face of said housing and the external face of each billet, a clearance necessary for the introduction of the billet into housing.
C'est pourquoi, avant l'extrusion proprement dite, on réalise une opération dite de précompression au cours de laquelle la billette qui commence à être écrasée entre les deux pièces de fermeture se rapprochant l'une de l'autre, se gonfle légèrement et vient s'appliquer complètement contre la face interne du logement du conteneur.This is why, before the actual extrusion, a so-called precompression operation is carried out during which the billet, which begins to be crushed between the two closing parts approaching one another, swells slightly and is applied completely against the internal face of the container housing.
L'air se trouvant dans le jeu existant initialement entre la billette et la face interne du logement est ainsi fortement comprimé et doit être évacué, avant le filage, par une opération dite de dégazage.The air being in the clearance existing initially between the billet and the internal face of the housing is thus strongly compressed and must be evacuated, before spinning, by a so-called degassing operation.
Habituellement, dans les presses à filage direct, on réalise ce dégazage en commandant, après la précompression, un léger recul du conteneur avec le fouloir pour permettre au conteneur de se décoller du fond portant la filière en laissant échapper l'air comprimé dans le logement. Pour cela, on utilise des vérins auxiliaires prévus sur la presse pour les manoeuvres isolées du conteneur et des vérins de rappel du vérin principal d'extrusion qui, normalement est à simple effet.Usually, in direct spinning presses, this degassing is carried out by controlling, after precompression, a slight recoil of the container with the gland to allow the container to come off the bottom carrying the die, allowing compressed air to escape into the housing . For this, auxiliary cylinders provided on the press are used for the operations isolated from the container and the return cylinders. of the main extrusion cylinder which normally is single acting.
Ces opérations nécessitent des inversions de commande hydraulique, en agissant sur des pompes, des clapets ou autres organes, avec des temps de réponse assez longs. Il en résulte un véritable temps mort qui diminue la productivité de la presse mais qui, jusqu'à présent, semblait inévitable car un mauvais dégazage peut entraîner des défauts, par exemple des bulles ou des cloques sur le produit filé et même des risques d'explosion au cours du filage.These operations require hydraulic control reversals, by acting on pumps, valves or other members, with fairly long response times. This results in a real dead time which decreases the productivity of the press but which, until now, seemed inevitable because poor degassing can lead to defects, for example bubbles or blisters on the spun product and even risks of explosion during spinning.
L'invention remédie à ces inconvénients grâce à un nouveau procédé permettant d'éviter, pratiquement, le temps mort qui, jusqu'à présent, était nécessaire au dégazage et, ainsi, d'augmenter la productivité de la presse. On sait, en effet, que l'évolution récente de la technique conduit à une utilisation aussi continue que possible de la presse en ne négligeant aucun temps mort, même de courte durée.The invention remedies these drawbacks by means of a new process which makes it possible to practically avoid the dead time which, until now, was necessary for degassing and, thus, to increase the productivity of the press. It is known, in fact, that the recent development of the technique leads to as continuous use as possible of the press while not neglecting any idle time, even of short duration.
L'invention est destinée plus spécialement aux presses à filage direct, mais peut également trouver des applications dans les presses à filage inverse.The invention is intended more specifically for direct spinning presses, but can also find applications in reverse spinning presses.
L'invention s'applique donc, d'une façon générale, au filage d'une billette de métal dans une presse a filer comprenant une première et une seconde traverses fixes écartées d'une distance constante, un conteneur muni d'un logement tubulaire centré sur un axe de filage et dans lequel est placée la billette, ledit conteneur prenant appui sur la première traverse fixe, deux pièces de fermeture des deux extrémités du logement, respectivement une première pièce prenant appui sur ladite première traverse fixe et une seconde pièce, de section sensiblement égale à celle du logement, montée à l'extrémité d'un fouloir allongé prenant appui sur la seconde traverse fixe et susceptible de pénétrer par coulissement axial à l'intérieur du logement, une filière centrée sur l'axe de filage et montée sur l'une desdites pièces de fermeture, et des moyens de commande du rapprochement desdites pièces de fermeture l'une vers l'autre, en prenant appui sur l'une desdites traverses fixes, pour le filage de la billette par extrusion dans la filière, l'opération de filage étant précédée d'une phase de précompression de la billette entre les deux pièces de fermeture jusqu'à application de sa paroi latérale contre la face interne du logement.The invention therefore applies, in general, to the spinning of a metal billet in a spinning press comprising a first and a second fixed sleepers spaced apart by a constant distance, a container provided with a tubular housing centered on a spinning axis and in which the billet is placed, said container bearing on the first fixed cross-member, two closure pieces at the two ends of the housing, respectively a first piece resting on said first fixed cross-member and a second piece, of section substantially equal to that of the housing, mounted at the end of an elongated gland bearing on the second fixed cross member and capable of penetrating by axial sliding inside the housing, a die centered on the spinning axis and mounted on one of said closing pieces, and means for controlling the bringing together of said closing pieces towards one another, by resting on one of said fixed crosspieces, for the spinning of the billet by extrusion in the die, the spinning operation being preceded by a phase of precompression of the billet between the two closure parts until its side wall is applied against the internal face of the housing.
Le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu' au moins pendant la plus grande partie de la phase de précompression, on empêche le conteneur de s'appliquer sur la première pièce de fermeture en maintenant, entre celle-ci et l'extrémité correspondante du conteneur, un faible jeu permettant l'évacuation progressive de l'air contenu dans le logement au cours de la précompression de la billette et jusqu'à l'application complète de celle-ci sur la face interne du logement.The method according to the invention is characterized in that at least during the greater part of the precompression phase, the container is prevented from being applied to the first closure part while maintaining, between the latter and the end corresponding container, a small clearance for the progressive evacuation of the air contained in the housing during the precompression of the billet and until the complete application thereof on the internal face of the housing.
De préférence, pour maintenir ledit jeu, on interpose, entre le conteneur et la première traverse, un moyen d'écartement susceptible d'exercer sur le conteneur un effort taré de retenue dirigé en sens contraire du sens de pénétration de la seconde pièce de fermeture dans le logement dont la valeur est limitée de façon que le moyen d'écartement cède sous la pression du conteneur en permettant la suppression du jeu et la fermeture de la prière pièce lorsque l'application de la billette sur la paroi du logement est suffisante pour solidariser le conteneur avec la billette.Preferably, to maintain said clearance, a spacer means is interposed between the container and the first cross member capable of exerting on the container a calibrated retaining force directed in the opposite direction to the direction of penetration of the second closure part. in the housing, the value of which is limited so that the spreading means yields under the pressure of the container, allowing the clearance to be removed and the piece prayer to be closed when the application of the billet on the wall of the housing is sufficient to secure the container with the billet.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, pour parfaire le dégazage, on réalise pendant un court instant et à la fin de la phase de précompression, une détente de la pression hydraulique dans les moyens de commande du filage, qui détermine un léger recul de la billette avec le conteneur et la réouverture de la première pièce de fermeture sous l'action dudit moyen d'écartement, avec création instantanée d'un jeu permettant l'échappement de l'air résiduel.In a particularly advantageous way, to perfect the degassing, a hydraulic pressure is relieved for a short time and at the end of the precompression phase in the spinning control means, which determines a slight decline in the billet with the container and the reopening of the first closure part under the action of said spacing means, with instantaneous creation of a clearance allowing the escape of residual air.
L'invention couvre également une presse à filer adaptée à la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention telle que définie dans la revendication 5 ou 7.The invention also covers a spinning press suitable for implementing the method of the invention as defined in
Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, lesdits moyens de retenue sont constitués d'au moins deux vérins disposés de part et d'autre de l'axe de filage et prenant appui d'un côté sur la première traverse et de l'autre sur l'extrémité correspondante du conteneur.In a preferred embodiment, said retaining means consist of at least two jacks arranged on either side of the spinning axis and bearing on one side on the first cross member and on the other on the corresponding end of the container.
Avantageusement, les vérins de retenue sont associés à des moyens de relâchement de la pression lorsque celle-ci dépasse une valeur limite.Advantageously, the retaining jacks are associated with means for releasing the pressure when the latter exceeds a limit value.
Mais l'invention sera mieux comprise par la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation particulier d'une presse à filage direct, donné à titre d'exemple et représenté sur le dessin annexé.However, the invention will be better understood from the following description of a particular embodiment of a direct spinning press, given by way of example and shown in the attached drawing.
Sur la Figure unique, on a représenté schématiquement, en coupe longitudinale, une presse à filer comprenant deux traverses fixes 1, 11, écartées l'une de l'autre d'une distance constante maintenue par des tirants 12, et entre lesquels est montée coulissante une traverse mobile 2 portant un conteneur 3 dans lequel est ménagé un logement cylindrique 4 centré sur un axe de filage 10.In the single Figure, there is shown schematically, in longitudinal section, a spinning press comprising two
Le conteneur 3 peut se déplacer axialement avec la traverse mobile 2 sous l'action de vérins auxiliaires 21 prenant appui sur la traverse fixe 11. Le conteneur 3 peut ainsi être appliqué contre une pièce 13 formant un fond de fermeture de l'extrémité correspondante 41 du logement 4, sur lequel est montée une filière 14 centrée sur l'axe de filage 10.The
Sur la face opposée 32 du conteneur 3, l'extrémité 42 du logement 4 est fermée par un grain de poussée 5 monté à l'extrémité d'un fouloir allongé SI fixé sur le piston 52 d'un vérin principal de filage dont le corps 53 est ménagé dans la traverse fixe 11.On the
Toutes ces dispositions sont classiques et peuvent, d'ailleurs, faire l'objet de variantes, ou des dispositions particulières permettant d'effectuer certaines opérations.All these provisions are conventional and may, moreover, be subject to variants, or specific provisions allowing certain operations to be carried out.
Tout d'abord, une billette de métal 6, de diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui du logement 4, est placée à l'intérieur de ce dernier et le conteneur est avancé par les vérins auxiliaires 21 vers la pièce porte-filière 13 qui ferme l'extrémité correspondante 41 du logement 4. Le fouloir 51 est poussé par le vérin principal 52 ou bien sous l'action de vérins auxiliaires non réprésentés, de façon que le grain de poussée 5, qui présente une section droite identique, à peu près, à celle du logement 4, pénètre dans l'extrémité correspondante 42 de celui-ci, et prenne appui contre la face correspondante de la billette 6 qui s'appuie , elle-même sur le fond.First of all, a metal billet 6, of diameter slightly smaller than that of the housing 4, is placed inside the latter and the container is advanced by the
Avant le filage proprement dit, on réalise, d'abord, une simple précompression par avancement du grain 5 sous l'action du vérin principal 52. La billette 6 se gonfle et vient s'appliquer par sa face externe 61 contre la face interne 43 du logement 4.Before the actual spinning, a simple precompression is carried out by advancing the grain 5 under the action of the
Généralement, pendant cette opération, le conteneur 3 est appliqué, par sa face avant 31, contre le fond de fermeture 13 et l'air contenu dans le jeu existant, à l'origine, entre la billette 6 et le logement 4, est comprimé par le gonflement de la billette 6.Generally, during this operation, the
C'est pourquoi, après la phase de précompression, cet air comprimé doit être évacué. Jusqu'à présent, cette opération de dégazage était effectuée par recul du conteneur et de la traverseimobile 2 sous l'action des vérins auxiliaires 21.This is why, after the precompression phase, this compressed air must be evacuated. So far, this degassing operation was carried out by retraction of the container and of the
Une telle manoeuvre, qui demande un certain temps, est évitée grâce aux dispositions selon l'invention. En effet, pendant la phase de précompression, on empêche le conteneur 43 de s'appliquer par sa face 31 contre la pièce porte-filière 13 au moyen de vérins 7, 7' qui s'interposent entre la traverse fixe 1 et le conteneur 3 ou la traverse mobile 2. Ainsi, dans l'exemple représenté, on utilise deux vérins 7, 7', dont le corps 71 est fixé sur la traverse fixe 1 et dont la tige 72 vient s'appliquer contre la traverse mobile 2.Such an operation, which requires a certain time, is avoided by virtue of the arrangements according to the invention. In fact, during the precompression phase, the
La longueur des tiges 72 est déterminée de telle sorte que, dans la position étendue des vérins 7, 7', il subsiste un faible jeu (e) entre la face avant 31 du conteneur 3 et la face correspondante 15 de la pièce porte-filière 13.The length of the
Le fonctionnement de la presse ainsi perfectionnée est le suivant :The operation of the improved press is as follows:
Après avoir chargé la billette 6 dans le logement 4 du conteneur 3, par des moyens bien connus, on avance la traverse mobile 2 au moyen des vérins auxiliaires 21 jusqu'à ce qu'elle vienne en appui sur les vérins 7, 7' qui se trouvent en position complètement étendue. Dans cette position, la face avant 31 du conteneur se trouve donc à une faible distance (e) de la pièce porte-filière 13.After having loaded the billet 6 into the housing 4 of the
On avance alors le grain 5 sous l'action du vérin principal 52 et la billette 6 vient s'appliquer, par sa face avant 60, contre le fond porte-filière 13 puis commence à se gonfler. L'air contenu entre la face interne 43 du logement 4 et la face externe 61 de la billette s'échappe progressivement par le jeu (e) au fur et à mesure du gonflement de la billette 6.The grain 5 is then advanced under the action of the
A partir d'une certaine pression d'application du grain 5 contre la billette 6, la face externe 61 de celle-ci est complètement appliquée contre la face interne 43 du logement 4. Il en résulte que le conteneur 3 se solidarise, par frottement avec la billette 6 et a donc tendance à être, lui aussi, entraîné axialement vers l'avant par le grain 5 mais il est retenu, dans ce mouvement, par les vérins 7, 7'. Le jeu (e) est ainsi maintenu pendant la plus grande partie de la phase de précompression.From a certain pressure of application of the grain 5 against the billet 6, the
Cette tendance à l'avancement du conteneur 3 dépend des frottements entre ce dernier et la billette 6 et, par conséquent, de la poussée appliquée sur celle-ci par le grain 5.This tendency for the
Cependant, il ne faudrait pas que le métal, ainsi comprimé, ait tendance à s'échapper par le jeu périphérique (e). C'est pourquoi, la pression dans la chambre 71 de chaque vérin 7 (7') est tarée de façon à ne résister à l'avancement du conteneur que jusqu'à une certaine limite de la pression appliquée sur la billette, à partir de laquelle le métal pourrait s'infiltrer dans le jeu (e). A partir de cette limite, les frottements entre la billette 6 et la face interne 43 du logement 4 sont tels que le conteneur 3, est suffisamment solidarisé avec le grain 5 pour repousser les vérins 7, 7' qui cèdent sous la poussée appliquée, en permettant l'avancement du conteneur 3 jusqu'à ce que sa face avant 31 vienne s'appliquer contre la face correspondante 15 de la pièce porte-filière 13 en fermant complètement l'extrémité 41 du logement 4.However, the metal, thus compressed, should not have a tendency to escape through the peripheral play (e). This is why, the pressure in the
L'opération de filage proprement dite pourrait alors commencer.The actual spinning operation could then begin.
Cependant, on peut craindre que la fermeture du conteneur n'ait eu lieu avant l'évacuation totale de l'air et qu'une certaine quantité résiduelle d'air existe encore entre la billette et le logement. C'est pourquoi, pour parfaire le dégazage, on peut, par sécurité commander, pendant un court instant, une détente de la pression hydraulique dans la chambre 54 du vérin 52. Comme la pression du vérin 52 est appliquée sur le conteneur 3 par l'intermédiaire de la billette 6, cette détente hydraulique dans la chambre 54 permet aux vérins 7, 7' qui étaient restés en pression, de repousser légèrement le conteneur 3 et le grain 5 avec le fouloir 51. Il apparaît de nouveau, entre la face avant 31 du conteneur 3 et la pièce porte-filière 13, un faible jeu par lequel peut s'échapper, éventuellement, l'air résiduel fortement comprimé qui aurait pu rester à l'intérieur du logement.However, it is feared that the closure of the container took place before the complete evacuation of the air and that a certain residual quantity of air exists still between the billet and the housing. This is why, to perfect the degassing, it is possible, for safety, to control, for a short time, an expansion of the hydraulic pressure in the
Il apparaît donc que la plus grande partie du dégazage s'est effectuée progressivement, pendant le temps nécessaire à la phase inévitable de précompression, c'est-à-dire en temps masqué.It therefore appears that most of the degassing was carried out gradually, during the time necessary for the inevitable phase of precompression, that is to say in masked time.
Quant à la deuxième étape du dégazage qui, d'ailleurs, peut ne pas être toujours indispensable, elle est effectuée automatiquement et quasi-instantanément sous l'action des vérins 7, 7' maintenus en pression dès que l'on commande une détente dans le vérin principal 54. Il y a là un avantage essentiel par rapport aux dispositions utilisées jusqu'à présent, dans lesquelles on laissait l'air se comprimer dans le conteneur pendant la phase de décompression, le dégazage étant effectué ensuite en commandant le recul du conteneur au moyen des vérins auxiliaires 21 ou bien des vérins de rappel du vérin principal (non représentés sur la Figure). Un tel recul nécessite différentes manoeuvres hydrauliques qui sont supprimées dans le procédé selon l'invention, ce qui permet d'améliorer la productivité en évitant le temps mort correspondant.As for the second degassing step which, moreover, may not always be essential, it is carried out automatically and almost instantaneously under the action of the
L'invention peut d'autre part être mise en oeuvre par un dispositif très simple, qui ne comporte que deux vérins 7, 7' alimentés par un circuit hydraulique 74 sous une pression limitée, par exemple, par une soupape tarée 73 dont le réglage peut être déterminé en tenant compte des caractéristiques de la presse, de la nature du métal et de la pression à partir de laquelle celui-ci pourrait s'échapper par le jeu (e) laissé entre le conteneur (3) et le porte-filière (13).The invention can also be implemented by a very simple device, which comprises only two
En outre, si l'invention est particulièrement applicable au cas d'une presse à filage direct du type que l'on vient de décrire. Elle pourrait, cependant trouver aussi un intérêt dans le cas d'une presse à filage inverse telle que définie dans la revendication 7. Des moyens analogues pourraient alors, être employés pour la mise en oeuvre du même procédé.In addition, if the invention is particularly applicable to the case of a direct spinning press of the type just described. It could, however, also find an interest in the case of a reverse spinning press as defined in
En effet, dans une presse à filage inverse, le conteneur est mobile et s'enfile sur le fouloir qui est fixe et porte, à son extrémité, un grain sur lequel est montée la filière et qui pénètre dans l'extrémité avant du logement. Dans ce cas, le vérin principal de filage actionne une traverse mobile qui porte un fond de fermeture du conteneur et prend appui sur celui-ci pour le pousser vers la traverse fixe portant le fouloir, le produit filé étant évacué par un orifice ménagé dans l'axe du fouloir.In fact, in a reverse spinning press, the container is mobile and slides onto the gland which is fixed and carries, at its end, a grain on which the die is mounted and which penetrates into the front end of the housing. In this case, the main spinning actuator actuates a movable cross member which carries a bottom for closing the container and bears on it to push it towards the fixed cross member carrying the gland, the spun product being discharged through an orifice provided in the axis of the gland.
Les vérins de retenue du conteneur seraient alors placés sur la traverse mobile pour prendre appui sur la face arrière du conteneur et empêcher l'application de celle-ci contre la traverse mobile en laissant, entre le conteneur et le fond de fermeture, un jeu permettant l'évacuation progressive de l'air au fur et à mesure de la précompression et jusqu'à ce que la pression d'application de la billette contre la face interne du logement soit telle que le conteneur soit suffisamment solidarisé avec celle-ci pour que les vérins de retenue cèdent en laissant le jeu se fermer.The container retaining jacks would then be placed on the movable cross member to rest on the rear face of the container and prevent the application of the latter against the movable cross member, leaving a clearance between the container and the closure bottom. the gradual evacuation of the air as precompression and until the pressure of application of the billet against the internal face of the housing is such that the container is sufficiently integral with the latter so that the retaining jacks yield while letting the play close.
Les signes de référence, insérés après les caractéristiques techniques mentionnées dans les revendications, ont pour seul but de faciliter la compréhension de ces dernières et n'en limitent aucunement la portée.The reference signs, inserted after the technical characteristics mentioned in the claims, have the sole purpose of facilitating the understanding of the latter and in no way limit their scope.
Claims (9)
- Process for extruding a metal billet in an extrusion press comprising a first fixed crosspiece (1) and a second fixed crosspiece (11) separated by a constant distance, a container (3) having a tubular housing (4) centered on an extrusion axis (10) and in which the billet (6) is placed, said container (3) bearing, during extrusion, on the first crosspiece (1), two pieces (13,5) for closing the two ends of the housing (4), respectively, a first piece (13) carried by said first fixed crosspiece (1) and a second piece (5) having a section substantially equal to those of the housing (4) provided at the end of an elongated rammer bearing on the second fixed cross-piece (11) and liable to enter by axial sliding inside the housing (4), a die centered on the extrusion axis (10) and which is mounted on one of said closing pieces (13,5) and control means (51,52) to move closer said closing pieces (13,5) one to another and which bear against one of said fixed crosspieces (1,11) for extruding the billet (6) in the die (14), the extrusion operation being preceded by a phase for precompressing the billet (6) between the two closing pieces (13,5) until application of the side wall (61) thereof against the internal face (43) of the housing (4),
characterized in that at least during most of the precompression phase, the container (3) is prevented from pressing against one of the closing pieces (13) by providing a small clearance (e) between said latter and the corresponding end of the container (3), the small clearance (e) allowing the air contained in the housing (4) to be progressively expelled during precompression of the billet (6) and up to the time said billet is fully applied against the internal face (43) of the housing (4). - Extrusion process according to claim 1, characterized in that the clearance (e) is maintained between the container (3) and the first closing piece (13) by interposing a spacing device (7,7') between the corresponding face (31) of the container (3) and the crosspiece (1) on which it bears and which is able to exert a calibrated retaining force on the container (3) directed in the direction opposite to that in which the second closing piece (5) penetrates into the housing (4) and whose value is limited such that the said spacing means (7,7') yields under the pressure applied by the container (3) rigidly locked with the billet (6) and allowing the container (3) to advance and the first piece (13) to close when said retaining force exceeds a calibration limit value.
- Process according to claim 2, characterized in that the calibration limit value of the retaining force corresponds to a pressure applied on the billet (6) from which the metal would tend to pass into the clearance (e) between the first closing piece (13) and the container (3).
- Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the container (3) has been applied to the first closing piece (13), the hydraulic pressure in the extrusion control means (52) is released for a brief moment, bringing about a slight withdrawal of the billet (6) with the container (3) and the reopening of the first piece (13) under the action of the said spacing means (7,7') with the instantaneous creation of a clearance allowing any air to escape which was trapped inside the container (3) at the time the first piece (13) was closed.
- Press for extruding a metal billet comprising a first and a second fixed crosspieces (1,11) held apart from each other by a constant distance, a container (3) provided with a tubular housing (4) centered on an extrusion axis (10) and in which a billet (6) to be extruded is placed, said container (3) bearing, during extrusion, on the first crosspiece (1), two pieces (13,5) for closing the two ends of the housing (4) repectively, a bottom (13) carried by the first crosspiece (1) on which the container (3) bears, and a block (5) whose cross section is substantially identical to that of the housing, said block being mounted on the end of an extended rammer (51) bearing on the second fixed crosspiece (11) and able to penetrate into the housing (4) by an axial sliding movement, a die (14) centered on the extrusion axis (10) and which is mounted on the closing bottom (13), and means (52) which bear on the second crosspiece (11) to control the penetration of the pushing block (5) in the housing (4) in order to extrude the billet (6) through the die (14), characterized in that it comprises means (7,7') for spacing the container which are interposed between the first crosspiece (1) and the corresponding end (31) of the container (3) and extending over a sufficient distance to let a sufficient clearance (e) between the corresponding end (41) of the housing (4) and the closing bottom (13) to allow the air contained between the billet (6) and the inner face (43) of the housing (4) to be expelled when the billet (6) expands at the time the said closing pieces (13,5) start coming together.
- The extruding press according to claim 5, characterized in that the spacing means are made up of at least two hydraulic jacks (7,7') arranged either side of the extrusion axis (10) and each comprising a body (7,7') and a rod (72,72') which bear, respectively, on the first crosspiece (1) and on the corresponding end (31) of the container (3).
- Press for extruding a metal billet comprising a first and a second fixed crosspieces held apart from each other by a constant distance, a container provided with a tubular housing centered on an extrusion axis and in which a billet to be extruded is placed, said container bearing on a moveable crosspiece activated by an extrusion jack bearing on the first fixed crosspiece, two pieces for closing the two ends of the container housing, respectively a bottom carried by said moveable crosspiece and a block whose cross-section is substantially identical to that of the housing and bearing a die centered on the extrusion axis, said block being mounted on the end of an extended tubular rammer bearing on the second fixed crosspiece to which is pushed the moveable crosspiece bearing the container and the bottom thereof under the action of the extrusion jack with penetration of a the block by axial sliding inside the housing and extrusion of the billet by the die, characterized in that it comprises means for spacing the container which are interposed between the moveable crosspiece and the corresponding end of the container and extending over a sufficient distance to prevent the application of said latter against the moveable crosspiece to let a clearance between the container and the closing bottom to allow the air contained between the billet and the inner face of the housing to be expelled when the billet expands at the time the said closing pieces start coming together.
- The extrusion press according to claim 7, characterized in that the spacing means are made up of at least two hydraulic jacks arranged either side of the extrusion axis and each comprising a body and a rod which bear respectively on the moveable crosspiece and on the corresponding end of the container.
- The extrusion press according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the spacing jacks (7,7') are associated with means (73) for releasing the pressure in the chamber (71) of each jack (7,7') when said latter exceeds a limit value.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9305463A FR2704783B1 (en) | 1993-05-06 | 1993-05-06 | METHOD FOR METAL SPINNING AND IMPROVED SPINNING PRESS. |
| FR9305463 | 1993-05-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0623402A1 EP0623402A1 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
| EP0623402B1 true EP0623402B1 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
Family
ID=9446862
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94400976A Expired - Lifetime EP0623402B1 (en) | 1993-05-06 | 1994-05-04 | Process for extrusion of metal and extrusion press |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5613393A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0623402B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0775823A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69404732T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2105552T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2704783B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100265362B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2000-09-15 | 김영환 | Method for transmitting and receiving data in series and parallel in microprocessor |
| US5896772A (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-04-27 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Extruder |
| CN100360252C (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2008-01-09 | 机械工业部西安重型机械研究所 | Double-acting extruding machine punching control system |
| US7591163B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2009-09-22 | Ube Machinery Corporation, Ltd. | Extrusion molding method and apparatus of extrusion press |
| JP2009166081A (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Ube Machinery Corporation Ltd | Method of pushing out exhaust of extrusion press |
| IT1391753B1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2012-01-27 | Danieli Off Mecc | APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE OF CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE CONTAINER IN A PRESS BY EXTRUSION |
| US20120096915A1 (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2012-04-26 | General Electric Company | System and method for near net shape forging |
| JP5834611B2 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2015-12-24 | 宇部興産機械株式会社 | Extrusion press |
| JP5831742B2 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2015-12-09 | 宇部興産機械株式会社 | Extrusion press equipment |
| JP5834643B2 (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2015-12-24 | 宇部興産機械株式会社 | Extrusion press and extrusion press control method |
| CN116727476B (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-11-07 | 中北大学 | Radial synchronous loading forming method for magnesium alloy tail wing |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1935286A (en) * | 1930-09-30 | 1933-11-14 | Krupp Ag Grusonwerk | Extrusion press for the production of rod or tube-shaped bodies |
| US2822087A (en) * | 1953-10-21 | 1958-02-04 | Lorant Hugo | Extrusion process |
| IT1251314B (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1995-05-08 | Innocenti Eng Spa | PRESS FOR EXTRUSION OF METALS IN GENERAL AND IN PARTICULAR OF ALUMINUM |
| US5445004A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1995-08-29 | Breda Danieli Extrusion | Extrusion method with gas evacuation, and extrusion press |
-
1993
- 1993-05-06 FR FR9305463A patent/FR2704783B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-05-04 ES ES94400976T patent/ES2105552T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-04 EP EP94400976A patent/EP0623402B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-04 DE DE69404732T patent/DE69404732T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-06 JP JP6094381A patent/JPH0775823A/en active Pending
- 1994-05-06 US US08/238,869 patent/US5613393A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2704783A1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
| ES2105552T3 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
| DE69404732T2 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
| JPH0775823A (en) | 1995-03-20 |
| DE69404732D1 (en) | 1997-09-11 |
| US5613393A (en) | 1997-03-25 |
| EP0623402A1 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
| FR2704783B1 (en) | 1995-07-28 |
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