EP0609728A1 - Elastic rail pad - Google Patents
Elastic rail pad Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0609728A1 EP0609728A1 EP94100915A EP94100915A EP0609728A1 EP 0609728 A1 EP0609728 A1 EP 0609728A1 EP 94100915 A EP94100915 A EP 94100915A EP 94100915 A EP94100915 A EP 94100915A EP 0609728 A1 EP0609728 A1 EP 0609728A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rail
- rail support
- rail pad
- foamed
- closed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
- E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
- E01B9/681—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material
- E01B9/683—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material layered or composite
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
- E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
- E01B9/681—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
- E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
- E01B9/685—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape
- E01B9/686—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape with textured surface
Definitions
- the invention relates to an elastic, substantially plate-shaped rail pad made of foamed material.
- Elastic rail underlays are preferably used when laying tracks in firm carriageways, but also when laying in ballast beds as an intermediate storage between rail and sleeper or between sleeper and substructure for elastic deflection of the laid rails when crossing a train.
- the elasticity and spring number of the intermediate bearings must be matched to the respective fastening system as well as the ax load and speed of the trains. For a good load distribution on several sleepers, deflection of the rails when passing by train of approx. 1.0 to 1.5 mm has proven to be favorable.
- a disadvantage of this known rail pad is that water and dirt can penetrate into the nub spaces or the grooves and fill them. This significantly affects the elasticity of the rail pad and changes the spring characteristic. In addition, the incompressible material is destroyed over time by the flexing work to be carried out under load. Another disadvantage is that the spring characteristic, especially with larger forces, is not linear.
- Rail supports made of foamed EVA polymer are also known. With these rail pads there is no risk of destruction due to flexing work or of changing the spring characteristic due to dirt. However, they have insufficient temperature resistance. When storing at higher temperatures or in the sun or when the sun is shining on installed rail supports, an inadmissible change in the spring characteristic can occur. In addition, EVA polymer tends to creep under load, i.e. permanent deformations.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a rail support which avoids these disadvantages.
- the rail pad is preferably made of EPDM rubber.
- the rail pad according to the invention is produced by closed-pore foaming of crosslinked rubber, the foaming process and the crosslinking of the material expediently taking place in one work step.
- the desired spring index of the rail pad can be easily adjusted by the degree of foaming.
- the foam structure has larger or smaller pores depending on the specific weight of the parts. Since these pores are always closed-celled, water or dirt cannot penetrate into the interior and change the dynamic properties when the outer skin is cut off or damaged.
- the surfaces of the rail underlay may be expedient to design the surfaces of the rail underlay as cover layers made of non-foamed or only slightly foamed material.
- this cover layer should be kept very thin so as not to influence the elasticity of the foamed area.
- the ratio of the thickness of the foamed central area to the thickness of the cover layer can be set by the production parameters. This makes it possible to make even relatively thin rail supports with a thickness of, for example, 5 mm much more elastic than comparable rail supports made of compact rubber with elasticity defined by the surface geometry, for example knobs.
- the rail support according to the invention can thus be produced directly in its final form in one tool. However, it is also possible to punch out rail supports from prefabricated panels or sheets.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a rail support 1 according to the invention designed as a simple flat plate Rail pad 1, which is provided with lateral holding tabs 5.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elastische, im wesentlichen plattenförmig ausgebildete Schienenunterlage aus geschäumtem Werkstoff.The invention relates to an elastic, substantially plate-shaped rail pad made of foamed material.
Elastische Schienenunterlagen werden vorzugsweise bei der Verlegung von Gleisen in festen Fahrbahnen, aber auch bei der Verlegung im Schotterbett eingesetzt als Zwischenlager zwischen Schiene und Schwelle bzw. zwischen Schwelle und Unterbau zur elastischen Einfederung der verlegten Schienen bei Zugüberfahrt. Elastizität und Federziffer der Zwischenlager müssen auf das jeweilige Befestigungssystem sowie Axlast und Geschwindigkeit der Züge abgestimmt sein. Für eine gute Lastverteilung auf mehrere Schwellen hat sich eine Einfederung der Schienen bei Zugüberfahrt von ca. 1,0 bis 1,5 mm als günstig erwiesen.Elastic rail underlays are preferably used when laying tracks in firm carriageways, but also when laying in ballast beds as an intermediate storage between rail and sleeper or between sleeper and substructure for elastic deflection of the laid rails when crossing a train. The elasticity and spring number of the intermediate bearings must be matched to the respective fastening system as well as the ax load and speed of the trains. For a good load distribution on several sleepers, deflection of the rails when passing by train of approx. 1.0 to 1.5 mm has proven to be favorable.
Bekannte Schienenunterlagen aus kompaktem Gummi weisen im beanspruchten Bereich ihrer Oberflächen erhabene Noppen oder eine eingeformte Nuten- bzw. Stegstruktur auf. Bei diesen inkompressiblen Schienenunterlagen wird die Elastizität bzw. der Verlauf der Federkennlinie durch die Verformung der Noppen bzw. der Stege bestimmt.Known rail pads made of compact rubber have raised knobs or a molded-in groove or web structure in the stressed area of their surfaces. With these incompressible rail pads, the elasticity or the course of the spring characteristic is determined by the deformation of the knobs or the webs.
Ein Nachteil dieser bekannten Schienenunterlage ist, daß in die Noppenzwischenräume bzw. die Nuten Wasser und Schmutz eindringen können und diese ausfüllen. Dadurch wird die Elastizität der Schienenunterlage wesentlich beeinträchtigt und die Federkennlinie verändert. Darüber hinaus wird der inkompressible Werkstoff durch die bei Belastung aufzunehmende Walkarbeit im Laufe der Zeit zerstört. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist, daß die Federkennlinie, insbesondere bei größeren Kräften, nicht linear verläuft.A disadvantage of this known rail pad is that water and dirt can penetrate into the nub spaces or the grooves and fill them. This significantly affects the elasticity of the rail pad and changes the spring characteristic. In addition, the incompressible material is destroyed over time by the flexing work to be carried out under load. Another disadvantage is that the spring characteristic, especially with larger forces, is not linear.
Weiterhin sind Schienenunterlagen aus geschäumtem EVA-Polymer bekannt. Bei diesen Schienenunterlagen besteht zwar nicht die Gefahr der Zerstörung durch Walkarbeit oder der Veränderung der Federkennlinie durch Schmutz. Sie weisen jedoch eine zu geringe Temperaturbeständigkeit auf. Bei Lagerung bei höheren Temperaturen bzw. in der Sonne oder auch bei Sonneneinstrahlung auf eingebaute Schienenunterlagen kann eine unzulässige Änderung der Federkennlinie auftreten. Zudem neigt EVA-Polymer bei Belastung zum Kriechen, d.h. zu bleibenden Verformungen.Rail supports made of foamed EVA polymer are also known. With these rail pads there is no risk of destruction due to flexing work or of changing the spring characteristic due to dirt. However, they have insufficient temperature resistance. When storing at higher temperatures or in the sun or when the sun is shining on installed rail supports, an inadmissible change in the spring characteristic can occur. In addition, EVA polymer tends to creep under load, i.e. permanent deformations.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Schienenunterlage bereitzustellen, die diese Nachteile vermeidet.The object of the present invention is to provide a rail support which avoids these disadvantages.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Schienenunterlage der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß die Schienenunterlage aus geschlossen porig geschäumtem und vernetztem Gummiwerkstoff besteht.This object is achieved in the case of a rail pad of the type mentioned at the outset in that the rail pad consists of closed-pore foamed and cross-linked rubber material.
Vorzugsweise wird die Schienenunterlage aus EPDM-Kautschuk hergestellt.The rail pad is preferably made of EPDM rubber.
Gegenüber der bekannten Schienenunterlage aus geschäumtem EVA-Polymer hat die erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage die Vorteile
- geringere Schrumpfung und somit bessere Geometriebeständigkeit bei höheren Temperaturen
- vernachlässigbare Veränderung der Federkennziffer auch bei längerem Einfluß höherer Temperaturen, z.B. bei Lagerung oder auch in eingebautem Zustand,
- geringer Einfluß von Temperaturschwankungen auf die Federkennlinie in einem großen Temperaturbereich von z.B. -30 ° bis ca. 70 °C,
- Verringerung bleibender Verformungen nach Belastung.
- less shrinkage and thus better geometry resistance at higher temperatures
- negligible change in the spring index even under prolonged influence of higher temperatures, e.g. during storage or when installed,
- little influence of temperature fluctuations on the spring characteristic in a wide temperature range from e.g. -30 ° to approx. 70 ° C,
- Reduction of permanent deformations after loading.
Gegenüber den Schienenunterlagen aus kompaktem Gummi mit Noppen- oder Nutstruktur zeichnet sich die erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage darüber hinaus aus durch
- längere Lebensdauer, da durch die Schaumstruktur keine Walkarbeit auftritt
- eine linearere Federkennlinie über einen weiten Belastungsbereich,
- keine Beeinträchtigung der Elastizität bzw. der Federkennlinie durch Schmutz.
- longer lifespan, because of the foam structure no flexing occurs
- a more linear spring characteristic over a wide load range,
- no impairment of the elasticity or the spring characteristic due to dirt.
Die erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage wird durch geschlossen poriges Aufschäumen von vernetztem Gummi hergestellt, wobei zweckmäßigerweise der Schäumvorgang und das Vernetzen des Werkstoffes in einer Arbeitsstufe erfolgen.The rail pad according to the invention is produced by closed-pore foaming of crosslinked rubber, the foaming process and the crosslinking of the material expediently taking place in one work step.
Die gewünschte Federkennziffer der Schienenunterlage kann dabei in einfacher Weise durch den Schäumgrad eingestellt werden. Bei der Schaumstruktur sind je nach dem spezifischen Gewicht der Teile größere oder kleinere Poren vorhanden. Da diese Poren immer geschlossenzellig sind, kann beim Abtrennen oder bei einer Verletzung der äußeren Haut kein Eindringen von Wasser oder Schmutz in das Innere erfolgen und die dynamischen Eigenschaften verändern.The desired spring index of the rail pad can be easily adjusted by the degree of foaming. The foam structure has larger or smaller pores depending on the specific weight of the parts. Since these pores are always closed-celled, water or dirt cannot penetrate into the interior and change the dynamic properties when the outer skin is cut off or damaged.
Es kann zweckmäßig sein, die Oberflächen der Schienenunterlage als Deckschichten aus nicht oder nur wenig geschäumtem Material auszubilden. Diese Deckschicht sollte jedoch sehr dünn gehalten sein, um die Elastizität des geschäumten Bereiches nicht zu beeinflussen. Das Verhältnis der Dicke des geschäumten Zentralbereiches zur Dicke der Deckschicht kann durch die Produktionsparameter eingestellt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, auch relativ dünne Schienenunterlagen mit einer Dicke von z.B. 5 mm wesentlich elastischer auszubilden als aus vergleichbaren Schienenunterlagen aus kompaktem Gummi mit durch die Oberflächengeometrie, z.B. Noppen, definierter Elastizität.It may be expedient to design the surfaces of the rail underlay as cover layers made of non-foamed or only slightly foamed material. However, this cover layer should be kept very thin so as not to influence the elasticity of the foamed area. The ratio of the thickness of the foamed central area to the thickness of the cover layer can be set by the production parameters. This makes it possible to make even relatively thin rail supports with a thickness of, for example, 5 mm much more elastic than comparable rail supports made of compact rubber with elasticity defined by the surface geometry, for example knobs.
Die erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage kann so unmittelbar in ihrer endgültigen Form in einem Werkzeug gefertigt werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, Schienenunterlagen aus vorgefertigten Platten bzw. Bahnen auszustanzen.The rail support according to the invention can thus be produced directly in its final form in one tool. However, it is also possible to punch out rail supports from prefabricated panels or sheets.
In den Figuren 1 bis 3 sind mögliche Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Schienenunterlagen dargestellt. Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine als einfache ebene Platte ausgebildete erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage 1. Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage 1 mit einem inneren geschäumten Bereich 3 und den nicht, bzw. wenig geschäumten Deckschichten 4. Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Schienenunterlage 1, die mit seitlichen Haltelaschen 5 versehen ist.1 to 3 show possible embodiments of the rail supports according to the invention. FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4302298A DE4302298A1 (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1993-01-28 | Elastic rail pad |
DE4302298 | 1993-01-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0609728A1 true EP0609728A1 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
EP0609728B1 EP0609728B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
Family
ID=6479081
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94100915A Expired - Lifetime EP0609728B1 (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1994-01-22 | Elastic rail pad |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5738279A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0609728B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE160398T1 (en) |
DE (3) | DE9321356U1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0609728T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2109519T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3026092T3 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0890678A1 (en) * | 1997-07-12 | 1999-01-13 | Paul Müller Technische Produkte GmbH | Intermediate layer for vibrational damping |
US20110192345A1 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-08-11 | Rira Yasoshima | Sponge stamps, stamp pad, and stamp pad set |
CN103628366A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-12 | 浙江省天台祥和实业有限公司 | Under-rail base plate of high-speed heavy haul railway fastener |
CN112239970A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-19 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | Double-layer elastic backing plate and rail fastener |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29706642U1 (en) | 1997-04-14 | 1997-08-28 | Spreepolymer Gummiwerke GmbH, 15526 Bad Saarow-Pieskow | Compound system for highly polymeric elastic sheet material and fresh, unbound concrete, especially for vibration isolation and for accident protection |
DE29818027U1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 1999-01-07 | Lausitz Elaste GmbH, 02929 Rothenburg | Envelope profile |
US6283810B1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2001-09-04 | Robert B. Evans | Non-mold method of forming objects and articles formed thereby |
WO2001029319A1 (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2001-04-26 | Phoenix Ag | Mat consisting of tubes |
CA2500956C (en) | 2002-10-01 | 2011-09-13 | Paul C. Downey | Noise and vibration mitigating mat |
US20060244187A1 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-02 | Downey Paul C | Vibration damper |
DE202006008104U1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2006-07-20 | Seifert, Dietrich | Vibrations and sound damping device e.g. for rails fastened to concrete foundations for trains, has rails fastened to concrete foundations such that high-speed rails are provided with rails having U-shaped part and made from plastic |
WO2007145635A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-21 | Ryan Michael Sears | Rubber laminate and composites including the laminate |
US7556209B2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2009-07-07 | Ryan Michael Sears | Rubber laminate and composites including the laminate |
CN104136684B (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2016-06-15 | 三井化学株式会社 | Railroad rail track pad and cross-linked foam |
US9869065B2 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2018-01-16 | Versaflex, Inc. | Ballast mats and methods of forming the same |
US9441335B2 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2016-09-13 | Versaflex, Inc. | Integrated ballast mat |
US20180202150A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2018-07-19 | Pliteq Inc. | Impact damping mat, equipment accessory and flooring system |
CA2914212C (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2018-05-22 | Pliteq, Inc. | Impact damping mat, equipment accessory and flooring system |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2086643A5 (en) * | 1970-04-03 | 1971-12-31 | Sonneville Roger | |
FR2511405A1 (en) * | 1981-08-12 | 1983-02-18 | Luchaire Sa | Composite rubber pads for mechanical and acoustic damping - esp. for use between railway line sleepers and particulate track bed |
GB2114633A (en) * | 1982-01-15 | 1983-08-24 | Ici Plc | Rail pad |
EP0086620A1 (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1983-08-24 | Montedison S.p.A. | Polymeric compositions suitable for the manufacture of foamed articles, and a process for preparing the same |
EP0301622A2 (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1989-02-01 | Dsm N.V. | Polyolefin foams having open and/or closed pores and consisting of polyolefins of ultrahigh molecular weight, process for their production, and their use |
EP0467863A1 (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-01-22 | Fip Industriale S.P.A. | Anti-vibration resilient insulation for railroad tracks |
PL160847B1 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1993-04-30 | Vibration damping pad made of resilent plastic |
Family Cites Families (7)
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AT352164B (en) * | 1977-09-07 | 1979-09-10 | Getzner Chemie Gmbh & Co | INTERMEDIATE INSERT LAYER FOR THE ELASTIC POSITIONING OF THE BED OF TRACKS |
CH639446A5 (en) * | 1978-08-10 | 1983-11-15 | Voest Alpine Krems | Ballastless permanent way |
DE3137187A1 (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1983-03-31 | Metzeler Kautschuk GmbH, 8000 München | "VOLCANIZABLE ELASTOMER" |
DE3148710C2 (en) * | 1981-12-09 | 1986-02-27 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Foam sheet |
CA1197826A (en) * | 1982-06-02 | 1985-12-10 | William D. Maass | Railroad crossing structure |
US4606498A (en) * | 1984-08-23 | 1986-08-19 | Epton Industries Inc. | Rail seal |
DE3503428A1 (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-07 | Clouth Gummiwerke AG, 5000 Köln | RAIL BEARING WITH AN ELASTICALLY SUPPORTED RIB PLATE |
-
1993
- 1993-01-28 DE DE9321356U patent/DE9321356U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-28 DE DE4302298A patent/DE4302298A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1994
- 1994-01-22 EP EP94100915A patent/EP0609728B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-22 ES ES94100915T patent/ES2109519T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-22 AT AT94100915T patent/ATE160398T1/en active
- 1994-01-22 DE DE59404592T patent/DE59404592D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-22 DK DK94100915T patent/DK0609728T3/en active
- 1994-01-28 US US08/188,315 patent/US5738279A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-02-11 GR GR980400260T patent/GR3026092T3/en unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2086643A5 (en) * | 1970-04-03 | 1971-12-31 | Sonneville Roger | |
FR2511405A1 (en) * | 1981-08-12 | 1983-02-18 | Luchaire Sa | Composite rubber pads for mechanical and acoustic damping - esp. for use between railway line sleepers and particulate track bed |
GB2114633A (en) * | 1982-01-15 | 1983-08-24 | Ici Plc | Rail pad |
EP0086620A1 (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1983-08-24 | Montedison S.p.A. | Polymeric compositions suitable for the manufacture of foamed articles, and a process for preparing the same |
EP0301622A2 (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1989-02-01 | Dsm N.V. | Polyolefin foams having open and/or closed pores and consisting of polyolefins of ultrahigh molecular weight, process for their production, and their use |
PL160847B1 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1993-04-30 | Vibration damping pad made of resilent plastic | |
EP0467863A1 (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-01-22 | Fip Industriale S.P.A. | Anti-vibration resilient insulation for railroad tracks |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0890678A1 (en) * | 1997-07-12 | 1999-01-13 | Paul Müller Technische Produkte GmbH | Intermediate layer for vibrational damping |
US20110192345A1 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-08-11 | Rira Yasoshima | Sponge stamps, stamp pad, and stamp pad set |
CN103628366A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-12 | 浙江省天台祥和实业有限公司 | Under-rail base plate of high-speed heavy haul railway fastener |
CN112239970A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-19 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | Double-layer elastic backing plate and rail fastener |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GR3026092T3 (en) | 1998-05-29 |
DK0609728T3 (en) | 1998-07-27 |
EP0609728B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
ES2109519T3 (en) | 1998-01-16 |
DE4302298A1 (en) | 1994-09-08 |
DE59404592D1 (en) | 1998-01-02 |
US5738279A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
DE9321356U1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
ATE160398T1 (en) | 1997-12-15 |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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