EP0609728A1 - Elastic rail pad - Google Patents

Elastic rail pad Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0609728A1
EP0609728A1 EP94100915A EP94100915A EP0609728A1 EP 0609728 A1 EP0609728 A1 EP 0609728A1 EP 94100915 A EP94100915 A EP 94100915A EP 94100915 A EP94100915 A EP 94100915A EP 0609728 A1 EP0609728 A1 EP 0609728A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
rail support
rail pad
foamed
closed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94100915A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0609728B1 (en
Inventor
Erich Dr. Ihle
Heinz Völker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vossloh Werdohl GmbH
Original Assignee
Saar Gummiwerk GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saar Gummiwerk GmbH filed Critical Saar Gummiwerk GmbH
Publication of EP0609728A1 publication Critical patent/EP0609728A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0609728B1 publication Critical patent/EP0609728B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/681—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material
    • E01B9/683—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material layered or composite
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/681—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/685—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape
    • E01B9/686—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape with textured surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an elastic, substantially plate-shaped rail pad made of foamed material.
  • Elastic rail underlays are preferably used when laying tracks in firm carriageways, but also when laying in ballast beds as an intermediate storage between rail and sleeper or between sleeper and substructure for elastic deflection of the laid rails when crossing a train.
  • the elasticity and spring number of the intermediate bearings must be matched to the respective fastening system as well as the ax load and speed of the trains. For a good load distribution on several sleepers, deflection of the rails when passing by train of approx. 1.0 to 1.5 mm has proven to be favorable.
  • a disadvantage of this known rail pad is that water and dirt can penetrate into the nub spaces or the grooves and fill them. This significantly affects the elasticity of the rail pad and changes the spring characteristic. In addition, the incompressible material is destroyed over time by the flexing work to be carried out under load. Another disadvantage is that the spring characteristic, especially with larger forces, is not linear.
  • Rail supports made of foamed EVA polymer are also known. With these rail pads there is no risk of destruction due to flexing work or of changing the spring characteristic due to dirt. However, they have insufficient temperature resistance. When storing at higher temperatures or in the sun or when the sun is shining on installed rail supports, an inadmissible change in the spring characteristic can occur. In addition, EVA polymer tends to creep under load, i.e. permanent deformations.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a rail support which avoids these disadvantages.
  • the rail pad is preferably made of EPDM rubber.
  • the rail pad according to the invention is produced by closed-pore foaming of crosslinked rubber, the foaming process and the crosslinking of the material expediently taking place in one work step.
  • the desired spring index of the rail pad can be easily adjusted by the degree of foaming.
  • the foam structure has larger or smaller pores depending on the specific weight of the parts. Since these pores are always closed-celled, water or dirt cannot penetrate into the interior and change the dynamic properties when the outer skin is cut off or damaged.
  • the surfaces of the rail underlay may be expedient to design the surfaces of the rail underlay as cover layers made of non-foamed or only slightly foamed material.
  • this cover layer should be kept very thin so as not to influence the elasticity of the foamed area.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the foamed central area to the thickness of the cover layer can be set by the production parameters. This makes it possible to make even relatively thin rail supports with a thickness of, for example, 5 mm much more elastic than comparable rail supports made of compact rubber with elasticity defined by the surface geometry, for example knobs.
  • the rail support according to the invention can thus be produced directly in its final form in one tool. However, it is also possible to punch out rail supports from prefabricated panels or sheets.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a rail support 1 according to the invention designed as a simple flat plate Rail pad 1, which is provided with lateral holding tabs 5.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

A flexible rail pad (1), made essentially in the form of a plate, consists of closed-cell foamed and crosslinked rubber material, preferably of EPDM rubber. The foaming and crosslinking are expediently performed in one working step. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elastische, im wesentlichen plattenförmig ausgebildete Schienenunterlage aus geschäumtem Werkstoff.The invention relates to an elastic, substantially plate-shaped rail pad made of foamed material.

Elastische Schienenunterlagen werden vorzugsweise bei der Verlegung von Gleisen in festen Fahrbahnen, aber auch bei der Verlegung im Schotterbett eingesetzt als Zwischenlager zwischen Schiene und Schwelle bzw. zwischen Schwelle und Unterbau zur elastischen Einfederung der verlegten Schienen bei Zugüberfahrt. Elastizität und Federziffer der Zwischenlager müssen auf das jeweilige Befestigungssystem sowie Axlast und Geschwindigkeit der Züge abgestimmt sein. Für eine gute Lastverteilung auf mehrere Schwellen hat sich eine Einfederung der Schienen bei Zugüberfahrt von ca. 1,0 bis 1,5 mm als günstig erwiesen.Elastic rail underlays are preferably used when laying tracks in firm carriageways, but also when laying in ballast beds as an intermediate storage between rail and sleeper or between sleeper and substructure for elastic deflection of the laid rails when crossing a train. The elasticity and spring number of the intermediate bearings must be matched to the respective fastening system as well as the ax load and speed of the trains. For a good load distribution on several sleepers, deflection of the rails when passing by train of approx. 1.0 to 1.5 mm has proven to be favorable.

Bekannte Schienenunterlagen aus kompaktem Gummi weisen im beanspruchten Bereich ihrer Oberflächen erhabene Noppen oder eine eingeformte Nuten- bzw. Stegstruktur auf. Bei diesen inkompressiblen Schienenunterlagen wird die Elastizität bzw. der Verlauf der Federkennlinie durch die Verformung der Noppen bzw. der Stege bestimmt.Known rail pads made of compact rubber have raised knobs or a molded-in groove or web structure in the stressed area of their surfaces. With these incompressible rail pads, the elasticity or the course of the spring characteristic is determined by the deformation of the knobs or the webs.

Ein Nachteil dieser bekannten Schienenunterlage ist, daß in die Noppenzwischenräume bzw. die Nuten Wasser und Schmutz eindringen können und diese ausfüllen. Dadurch wird die Elastizität der Schienenunterlage wesentlich beeinträchtigt und die Federkennlinie verändert. Darüber hinaus wird der inkompressible Werkstoff durch die bei Belastung aufzunehmende Walkarbeit im Laufe der Zeit zerstört. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist, daß die Federkennlinie, insbesondere bei größeren Kräften, nicht linear verläuft.A disadvantage of this known rail pad is that water and dirt can penetrate into the nub spaces or the grooves and fill them. This significantly affects the elasticity of the rail pad and changes the spring characteristic. In addition, the incompressible material is destroyed over time by the flexing work to be carried out under load. Another disadvantage is that the spring characteristic, especially with larger forces, is not linear.

Weiterhin sind Schienenunterlagen aus geschäumtem EVA-Polymer bekannt. Bei diesen Schienenunterlagen besteht zwar nicht die Gefahr der Zerstörung durch Walkarbeit oder der Veränderung der Federkennlinie durch Schmutz. Sie weisen jedoch eine zu geringe Temperaturbeständigkeit auf. Bei Lagerung bei höheren Temperaturen bzw. in der Sonne oder auch bei Sonneneinstrahlung auf eingebaute Schienenunterlagen kann eine unzulässige Änderung der Federkennlinie auftreten. Zudem neigt EVA-Polymer bei Belastung zum Kriechen, d.h. zu bleibenden Verformungen.Rail supports made of foamed EVA polymer are also known. With these rail pads there is no risk of destruction due to flexing work or of changing the spring characteristic due to dirt. However, they have insufficient temperature resistance. When storing at higher temperatures or in the sun or when the sun is shining on installed rail supports, an inadmissible change in the spring characteristic can occur. In addition, EVA polymer tends to creep under load, i.e. permanent deformations.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Schienenunterlage bereitzustellen, die diese Nachteile vermeidet.The object of the present invention is to provide a rail support which avoids these disadvantages.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Schienenunterlage der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß die Schienenunterlage aus geschlossen porig geschäumtem und vernetztem Gummiwerkstoff besteht.This object is achieved in the case of a rail pad of the type mentioned at the outset in that the rail pad consists of closed-pore foamed and cross-linked rubber material.

Vorzugsweise wird die Schienenunterlage aus EPDM-Kautschuk hergestellt.The rail pad is preferably made of EPDM rubber.

Gegenüber der bekannten Schienenunterlage aus geschäumtem EVA-Polymer hat die erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage die Vorteile

  • geringere Schrumpfung und somit bessere Geometriebeständigkeit bei höheren Temperaturen
  • vernachlässigbare Veränderung der Federkennziffer auch bei längerem Einfluß höherer Temperaturen, z.B. bei Lagerung oder auch in eingebautem Zustand,
  • geringer Einfluß von Temperaturschwankungen auf die Federkennlinie in einem großen Temperaturbereich von z.B. -30 ° bis ca. 70 °C,
  • Verringerung bleibender Verformungen nach Belastung.
The rail support according to the invention has the advantages over the known rail support made of foamed EVA polymer
  • less shrinkage and thus better geometry resistance at higher temperatures
  • negligible change in the spring index even under prolonged influence of higher temperatures, e.g. during storage or when installed,
  • little influence of temperature fluctuations on the spring characteristic in a wide temperature range from e.g. -30 ° to approx. 70 ° C,
  • Reduction of permanent deformations after loading.

Gegenüber den Schienenunterlagen aus kompaktem Gummi mit Noppen- oder Nutstruktur zeichnet sich die erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage darüber hinaus aus durch

  • längere Lebensdauer, da durch die Schaumstruktur keine Walkarbeit auftritt
  • eine linearere Federkennlinie über einen weiten Belastungsbereich,
  • keine Beeinträchtigung der Elastizität bzw. der Federkennlinie durch Schmutz.
Compared to the rail pads made of compact rubber with a nub or groove structure, the rail pad according to the invention is also characterized by
  • longer lifespan, because of the foam structure no flexing occurs
  • a more linear spring characteristic over a wide load range,
  • no impairment of the elasticity or the spring characteristic due to dirt.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage wird durch geschlossen poriges Aufschäumen von vernetztem Gummi hergestellt, wobei zweckmäßigerweise der Schäumvorgang und das Vernetzen des Werkstoffes in einer Arbeitsstufe erfolgen.The rail pad according to the invention is produced by closed-pore foaming of crosslinked rubber, the foaming process and the crosslinking of the material expediently taking place in one work step.

Die gewünschte Federkennziffer der Schienenunterlage kann dabei in einfacher Weise durch den Schäumgrad eingestellt werden. Bei der Schaumstruktur sind je nach dem spezifischen Gewicht der Teile größere oder kleinere Poren vorhanden. Da diese Poren immer geschlossenzellig sind, kann beim Abtrennen oder bei einer Verletzung der äußeren Haut kein Eindringen von Wasser oder Schmutz in das Innere erfolgen und die dynamischen Eigenschaften verändern.The desired spring index of the rail pad can be easily adjusted by the degree of foaming. The foam structure has larger or smaller pores depending on the specific weight of the parts. Since these pores are always closed-celled, water or dirt cannot penetrate into the interior and change the dynamic properties when the outer skin is cut off or damaged.

Es kann zweckmäßig sein, die Oberflächen der Schienenunterlage als Deckschichten aus nicht oder nur wenig geschäumtem Material auszubilden. Diese Deckschicht sollte jedoch sehr dünn gehalten sein, um die Elastizität des geschäumten Bereiches nicht zu beeinflussen. Das Verhältnis der Dicke des geschäumten Zentralbereiches zur Dicke der Deckschicht kann durch die Produktionsparameter eingestellt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, auch relativ dünne Schienenunterlagen mit einer Dicke von z.B. 5 mm wesentlich elastischer auszubilden als aus vergleichbaren Schienenunterlagen aus kompaktem Gummi mit durch die Oberflächengeometrie, z.B. Noppen, definierter Elastizität.It may be expedient to design the surfaces of the rail underlay as cover layers made of non-foamed or only slightly foamed material. However, this cover layer should be kept very thin so as not to influence the elasticity of the foamed area. The ratio of the thickness of the foamed central area to the thickness of the cover layer can be set by the production parameters. This makes it possible to make even relatively thin rail supports with a thickness of, for example, 5 mm much more elastic than comparable rail supports made of compact rubber with elasticity defined by the surface geometry, for example knobs.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage kann so unmittelbar in ihrer endgültigen Form in einem Werkzeug gefertigt werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, Schienenunterlagen aus vorgefertigten Platten bzw. Bahnen auszustanzen.The rail support according to the invention can thus be produced directly in its final form in one tool. However, it is also possible to punch out rail supports from prefabricated panels or sheets.

In den Figuren 1 bis 3 sind mögliche Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Schienenunterlagen dargestellt. Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine als einfache ebene Platte ausgebildete erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage 1. Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Schienenunterlage 1 mit einem inneren geschäumten Bereich 3 und den nicht, bzw. wenig geschäumten Deckschichten 4. Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Schienenunterlage 1, die mit seitlichen Haltelaschen 5 versehen ist.1 to 3 show possible embodiments of the rail supports according to the invention. FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a rail support 1 according to the invention designed as a simple flat plate Rail pad 1, which is provided with lateral holding tabs 5.

Claims (4)

Elastische, im wesentlichen plattenförmig ausgebildete Schienenunterlage aus geschäumtem Werkstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schienenunterlage (1) aus geschlossenporig geschäumtem und vernetztem Gummi-Werkstoff besteht.Elastic, essentially plate-shaped rail support made of foamed material, characterized in that the rail support (1) consists of closed-pore foamed and cross-linked rubber material. Schienenunterlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schienenunterlage (1) aus EPDM-Kautschuk besteht.Rail support according to claim 1, characterized in that the rail support (1) consists of EPDM rubber. Schienenunterlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schienenunterlage (1) durch geschlossenporiges Aufschäumen und Vernetzen des Werkstoffes in einer Arbeitsstufe hergestellt ist.Rail support according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rail support (1) is produced by closed-pore foaming and cross-linking of the material in one work step. Schienenunterlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schienenunterlage (1) die untere und obere Plattenoberfläche bildende Deckschichten (4) aus nicht geschäumtem Werkstoff aufweist.Rail support according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rail support (1) has cover layers (4) made of non-foamed material which form the lower and upper plate surface.
EP94100915A 1993-01-28 1994-01-22 Elastic rail pad Expired - Lifetime EP0609728B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4302298A DE4302298A1 (en) 1993-01-28 1993-01-28 Elastic rail pad
DE4302298 1993-01-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0609728A1 true EP0609728A1 (en) 1994-08-10
EP0609728B1 EP0609728B1 (en) 1997-11-19

Family

ID=6479081

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94100915A Expired - Lifetime EP0609728B1 (en) 1993-01-28 1994-01-22 Elastic rail pad

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5738279A (en)
EP (1) EP0609728B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE160398T1 (en)
DE (3) DE9321356U1 (en)
DK (1) DK0609728T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2109519T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3026092T3 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0890678A1 (en) * 1997-07-12 1999-01-13 Paul Müller Technische Produkte GmbH Intermediate layer for vibrational damping
US20110192345A1 (en) * 2010-01-18 2011-08-11 Rira Yasoshima Sponge stamps, stamp pad, and stamp pad set
CN103628366A (en) * 2013-11-12 2014-03-12 浙江省天台祥和实业有限公司 Under-rail base plate of high-speed heavy haul railway fastener
CN112239970A (en) * 2020-08-25 2021-01-19 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 Double-layer elastic backing plate and rail fastener

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29706642U1 (en) 1997-04-14 1997-08-28 Spreepolymer Gummiwerke GmbH, 15526 Bad Saarow-Pieskow Compound system for highly polymeric elastic sheet material and fresh, unbound concrete, especially for vibration isolation and for accident protection
DE29818027U1 (en) 1998-10-09 1999-01-07 Lausitz Elaste GmbH, 02929 Rothenburg Envelope profile
US6283810B1 (en) * 1998-11-18 2001-09-04 Robert B. Evans Non-mold method of forming objects and articles formed thereby
WO2001029319A1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2001-04-26 Phoenix Ag Mat consisting of tubes
CA2500956C (en) 2002-10-01 2011-09-13 Paul C. Downey Noise and vibration mitigating mat
US20060244187A1 (en) * 2005-05-02 2006-11-02 Downey Paul C Vibration damper
DE202006008104U1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2006-07-20 Seifert, Dietrich Vibrations and sound damping device e.g. for rails fastened to concrete foundations for trains, has rails fastened to concrete foundations such that high-speed rails are provided with rails having U-shaped part and made from plastic
WO2007145635A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-21 Ryan Michael Sears Rubber laminate and composites including the laminate
US7556209B2 (en) * 2006-06-16 2009-07-07 Ryan Michael Sears Rubber laminate and composites including the laminate
CN104136684B (en) * 2012-03-12 2016-06-15 三井化学株式会社 Railroad rail track pad and cross-linked foam
US9869065B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2018-01-16 Versaflex, Inc. Ballast mats and methods of forming the same
US9441335B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2016-09-13 Versaflex, Inc. Integrated ballast mat
US20180202150A1 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-07-19 Pliteq Inc. Impact damping mat, equipment accessory and flooring system
CA2914212C (en) 2015-06-25 2018-05-22 Pliteq, Inc. Impact damping mat, equipment accessory and flooring system

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FR2086643A5 (en) * 1970-04-03 1971-12-31 Sonneville Roger
FR2511405A1 (en) * 1981-08-12 1983-02-18 Luchaire Sa Composite rubber pads for mechanical and acoustic damping - esp. for use between railway line sleepers and particulate track bed
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EP0086620A1 (en) * 1982-02-09 1983-08-24 Montedison S.p.A. Polymeric compositions suitable for the manufacture of foamed articles, and a process for preparing the same
EP0301622A2 (en) * 1987-07-23 1989-02-01 Dsm N.V. Polyolefin foams having open and/or closed pores and consisting of polyolefins of ultrahigh molecular weight, process for their production, and their use
EP0467863A1 (en) * 1990-07-19 1992-01-22 Fip Industriale S.P.A. Anti-vibration resilient insulation for railroad tracks
PL160847B1 (en) 1989-12-20 1993-04-30 Vibration damping pad made of resilent plastic

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2086643A5 (en) * 1970-04-03 1971-12-31 Sonneville Roger
FR2511405A1 (en) * 1981-08-12 1983-02-18 Luchaire Sa Composite rubber pads for mechanical and acoustic damping - esp. for use between railway line sleepers and particulate track bed
GB2114633A (en) * 1982-01-15 1983-08-24 Ici Plc Rail pad
EP0086620A1 (en) * 1982-02-09 1983-08-24 Montedison S.p.A. Polymeric compositions suitable for the manufacture of foamed articles, and a process for preparing the same
EP0301622A2 (en) * 1987-07-23 1989-02-01 Dsm N.V. Polyolefin foams having open and/or closed pores and consisting of polyolefins of ultrahigh molecular weight, process for their production, and their use
PL160847B1 (en) 1989-12-20 1993-04-30 Vibration damping pad made of resilent plastic
EP0467863A1 (en) * 1990-07-19 1992-01-22 Fip Industriale S.P.A. Anti-vibration resilient insulation for railroad tracks

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0890678A1 (en) * 1997-07-12 1999-01-13 Paul Müller Technische Produkte GmbH Intermediate layer for vibrational damping
US20110192345A1 (en) * 2010-01-18 2011-08-11 Rira Yasoshima Sponge stamps, stamp pad, and stamp pad set
CN103628366A (en) * 2013-11-12 2014-03-12 浙江省天台祥和实业有限公司 Under-rail base plate of high-speed heavy haul railway fastener
CN112239970A (en) * 2020-08-25 2021-01-19 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 Double-layer elastic backing plate and rail fastener

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR3026092T3 (en) 1998-05-29
DK0609728T3 (en) 1998-07-27
EP0609728B1 (en) 1997-11-19
ES2109519T3 (en) 1998-01-16
DE4302298A1 (en) 1994-09-08
DE59404592D1 (en) 1998-01-02
US5738279A (en) 1998-04-14
DE9321356U1 (en) 1997-07-17
ATE160398T1 (en) 1997-12-15

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