EP0605338B1 - Antenne plaquée à double polarisation et dispositif d'émission/réception correspondant - Google Patents
Antenne plaquée à double polarisation et dispositif d'émission/réception correspondant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0605338B1 EP0605338B1 EP19930460038 EP93460038A EP0605338B1 EP 0605338 B1 EP0605338 B1 EP 0605338B1 EP 19930460038 EP19930460038 EP 19930460038 EP 93460038 A EP93460038 A EP 93460038A EP 0605338 B1 EP0605338 B1 EP 0605338B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slot
- hand
- resonance
- axis
- radiation element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
- H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of antennas produced in technology printed and working in frequency reuse by polarization diversity.
- the invention relates to a double plated antenna polarization, of the type comprising two radiating elements both participating the generation of two microwave waves with distinct linear polarizations, each radiating element being supplied, through at least two cut slots in a ground plane, by two power supplies each corresponding to one of the two separate polarizations.
- This type of antenna is of great interest for the creation of networks electronically controlled antennas.
- the invention has many applications, such as for example the creation of antennas to be carried on a satellite. Indeed, in this case, frequency reuse significantly reduces congestion spectral of the antennas used.
- a known solution of double polarized plated antenna allowing obtaining a large bandwidth, consists in supplying a radiating element, through two coupling slots cut in a ground plane, by two lines each corresponding to one of the two polarizations.
- This antenna therefore comprises two separate transmission channels, each track being associated with a supply line and a slot.
- the supply lines are either of the microstrip type, or of the triplate type.
- the radiating element resonates on the one hand along a first resonance axis perpendicular to the axis of the first slot, and on the other hand along a second resonance axis perpendicular to the axis of the second slot.
- the intersection of the first and second resonance axes is done at a right angle and defines a center of resonance.
- This second known antenna also has many disadvantages, and in particular a deflection of the beam, a cross polarization and a coupling between the two ways.
- each slot Due to the longitudinal offset of each slot, the resonance center of the slots is not aligned with the center of the radiating element. This creates, for the resonator, a phase difference between the two elements constituting this resonator (namely the slot and the radiating element), and therefore a deflection of the beam.
- each slot causes the appearance of currents which are generators of cross polarization.
- the invention particularly aims to overcome these various drawbacks of the state of the art.
- an objective of the invention is to provide a plated antenna to double polarization, of the type comprising at least one radiating element participating in the generation of two distinctly polarized microwave waves, each element radiating being fed, through at least two slots cut in a plane of ground, by two power supplies each corresponding to one of the two polarizations separate, this antenna having a wide bandwidth.
- the invention also aims to provide such an antenna which allows to greatly reduce the coupling and the level of cross-polarization, and eliminate beam deflection, while maintaining a wide band busy.
- said first slot being on the one hand centered transversely to said first resonance axis and on the other hand centered longitudinally with respect to said resonance center
- said second and third slots being on the one hand centered transversely with respect to said second resonance axis and on the other hand placed at equal distance from said resonance center
- the symmetry of the slits with respect to their resonance axis respective also greatly reduces the coupling between the two channels corresponding to the two polarizations, namely on the one hand the first channel comprising the first supply line and the first slot, and on the other hand the second channel comprising the second supply line and the second and third slots. Indeed, this symmetry eliminates two by two the capacitive couplings between the first slot directed along the second axis of resonance, and the second and third slits directed along the first axis of resonance.
- the radiating elements both participate in the generation of two distinctly polarized microwave waves, and it is possible to decrease the size of the first slit and increase the frequency decoupling between the two tracks.
- said resonance center is located on a line of a part perpendicular to the plane or planes containing the said radiating element (s) and on the other hand passing through the center of the said radiating element (s).
- the length of said first slot is less the length of said second and third slots.
- said second and third slots are distant from said first slot.
- This distance of the slots from each other allows also improve the decoupling between the two channels.
- said slots are shaped substantially rectangular and said radiating elements are substantially shaped square.
- the invention also relates to a transmission / reception device comprising at least one antenna according to the invention.
- This device can include several antennas, in particular in the form of networks.
- the invention therefore relates to a double polarized plated antenna.
- Figures 1 and 2 respectively show a top view and a view in section of a preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the invention.
- the first supply line 13 cooperates with the first slot 15.
- the second supply line 14 comprises two arms 14 A , 14 B , each arm of this second supply line cooperating with one of the second and third slot (namely the first arm, referenced 14 A , with the second slot 16 and the second arm, referenced 14 B , with the third slot 17).
- the second and third slots 16, 17 are of the same length L2 and parallel to each other.
- the second axis of resonance 118 is identical to the axis 117 of the first slot 15, and the first axis resonance 116 is identical to the axis 119 of the second and third slots.
- the intersection of the first and second resonance axes 116, 118 is done at a right angle and defines a center of resonance 120.
- the first slot 15 is perpendicular to the second and third slots 16, 17, and is placed equidistant from each of the second and third slots 16, 17.
- the axis 117 of this first slot 15 passes through the center of each of the second and third slots 16, 17.
- the slots are rectangular and the length L1 of the first slot 15 is less than the length L2 of each of the second and third slots 16, 17.
- the first and second radiating elements 11, 12 are shaped substantially square. For each of these two elements, we define a center geometric (121 and 122 respectively).
- the center 121 of the first radiating element 11, the center 122 of the second radiating element 12 and the resonance center 120 of the slots 15, 16, 17 are aligned on a straight line 123 perpendicular to the planes containing the first and second radiating elements 11, 12.
- the first slot 15 is superimposed with the central area of each of the first and second radiating elements 11, 12.
- the second and third slots 16, 17 are superimposed with the peripheral zones of the first and second elements radiating 11, 12, these zones being situated on either side of the central zone and distant from it.
- the first and second supply lines 13, 14 are for example triplate lines. It can also be microstrip lines.
- Figure 3 presents a logic diagram summarizing the principle of operation of an antenna according to the invention.
- Such an antenna includes two transmission channels.
- the antenna emits two waves 31, 32 of the same frequency but with polarizations separate, each polarization corresponding to one of the two transmission.
- the two separate polarizations are polarizations linear.
- the first route of transmission is represented by arrows in line full, the second transmission path being represented by dotted arrows.
- the information of the first transmission channel is provided by the first supply line 33.
- This first supply line 33 supplies, through the first slot 34, on the one hand the first radiating element 35 and on the other hand the second radiating element 36. These two radiating elements 35, 36 participate in the generation of the first wave 31 having the first polarization.
- the information of the second transmission channel is provided by the second supply line 37.
- This second supply line supplies, through the second and third slots 38, 39, on the one hand the first radiating element 35 and on the other hand the second radiating element 36.
- These two radiating elements 35, 36 participate in the generation of the second wave 32 having the second polarization.
- Figure 4 shows the decoupling variation curve (in dB) between the two transmission channels as a function of frequency (in GHz).
- This decoupling is less than -35 dB over the entire bandwidth 41 of two transmission channels, ie between 1.4 GHz and 1.7 GHz approximately.
- the bandwidth of each transmission path is defined as the set of wave frequencies for which the Stationary Wave Ratio (ROS) is less than 2.
- This very large decoupling value is due to the topological arrangement coupling slots. Indeed, this symmetrical arrangement eliminates two by two the capacitive couplings between the first slot on the one hand, and the second and third slots on the other hand.
- Figures 5 and 6 each show the ratio variation curve standing wave (ROS) as a function of frequency, respectively for the first and second transmission path.
- ROS ratio variation curve standing wave
- Each of these two curves makes it possible to calculate the passband [f 1 , f 2 ] of a transmission channel, the passband being equal to the frequency band for which the ROS is less than 2.
- This passband can also s '' expressed as a percentage, obtained by dividing the width (f 2 - f 1 ) of the pass band by the center frequency (f 3 ) of this pass band.
- the antenna according to the invention has a large bandwidth on each of the two transmission channels.
- Figure 7 presents the diagram in copolarization of the second channel of transmission of the antenna presented in FIGS. 1 and 2, for an equal frequency at 1.43 GHz.
- This copolarization diagram includes a plurality of curves represented in a coordinate system whose axes correspond substantially to the axes of resonance of the slots (axes referenced 116, 118 in FIG. 1).
- Each curve corresponds to a distinct level of field radiated by the antenna.
- the different possible levels are shown on the table in the figure 9 which indicates the correspondence between the curve references and the values associated radiated field level.
- the inventors have also shown that the antenna according to the invention avoids the depointing also for all the others bandwidth frequencies.
- Figure 8 shows the second polarization diagram of the second antenna transmission path shown in Figures 1 and 2, for a frequency equal to 1.43 GHz.
- This cross-polarized diagram includes, like the diagram in copolarization presented in relation to FIG. 7, a plurality of curves of levels.
- the preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the invention comprises two radiating elements.
- the invention is not limited to this single case but relates to also the case where the antenna only comprises a radiating element.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
le ou lesdits éléments rayonnants étant alimentés :
- d'une part par ladite première ligne d'alimentation à travers une première fente, et
- d'autre part par ladite seconde ligne d'alimentation à travers une seconde et une troisième fentes de même longueur (L2) et parallèles entre elles, le ou lesdits éléments rayonnants résonant :
- d'une part, selon un premier axe de résonance perpendiculaire à l'axe de ladite première fente, et
- d'autre part, selon un second axe de résonance perpendiculaire à l'axe de chacune desdites seconde et troisième fentes,
et lesdites seconde et troisième fentes étant d'une part centrées transversalement par rapport audit second axe de résonance et d'autre part placées à égale distance dudit centre de résonance.
- d'une part par ladite première ligne d'alimentation à travers ladite première fente, et
- d'autre part par ladite seconde ligne d'alimentation à travers lesdites seconde et troisième fentes, lesdits premier et second éléments rayonnants résonant d'une part selon ledit premier axe de résonance et d'autre part selon ledit second axe de résonance.
- les lignes microruban ;
- les lignes triplaque.
- la figure 1 présente une vue de dessus d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel d'une antenne selon l'invention ;
- la figure 2 présente une vue en coupe de l'antenne présentée sur la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 présente un diagramme logique résumant le principe de fonctionnement d'une antenne selon l'invention telle que présentée sur les figures 1 et 2 ;
- la figure 4 présente la courbe de variation, en fonction de la fréquence, du découplage entre les deux voies de transmission d'une antenne telle que présentée sur les figures 1 et 2 ;
- les figures 5 et 6 présentent chacune la courbe de variation, en fonction de la fréquence, du rapport d'onde stationnaire, respectivement pour la première et la seconde voie de transmission d'une antenne telle que présentée sur les figures 1 et 2 ;
- la figure 7 présente un diagramme en copolarisation de l'une des deux voies de transmission d'une antenne telle que présentée sur les figures 1 et 2 ;
- la figure 8 présente un diagramme en polarisation croisée de l'une des deux voies de transmission d'une antenne telle que présentée sur les figures 1 et 2 ;
- la figure 9 présente un tableau de correspondance entre les références des courbes présentées sur les figures 7 et 8 et les différents niveaux de champ rayonné par l'antenne.
- un premier 11 et un second 12 éléments rayonnants ;
- une première 13 et une seconde 14 lignes d'alimentation ;
- une première 15, une seconde 16 et une troisième 17 fentes découpées dans un second 18 plan de masse ;
- un premier plan de masse 19 et plusieurs couches de substrat 110 à 115.
- le premier plan de masse 19 ;
- deux couches de substrat 115, 114 ;
- les deux lignes d'alimentation 13, 14 ;
- une couche de substrat 113 ;
- le second plan de masse 18 dans lequel sont découpées les trois fentes 15, 16, 17 ;
- une couche de substrat 112 ;
- le premier élément rayonnant 11 ;
- une couche de substrat 111 ;
- le second élément rayonnant 12 ;
- une couche de substrat 110.
- d'une part selon un premier axe de résonance 116 perpendiculaire à l'axe 117 de la première fente 15 ; et
- d'autre part selon un second axe de résonance 118 perpendiculaire à l'axe 119 de chacune des seconde et troisième fente 16,17.
- la première fente 15 est d'une part centrée transversalement par rapport au premier axe de résonance 116, et d'autre part centrée longitudinalement par rapport au centre de résonance 120 ;
- les seconde et troisième fentes 16, 17 sont d'une part centrées transversalement par rapport au second axe de résonance 118, et d'autre part placées à égale distance du centre de résonance 120. Ainsi, ces seconde et troisième fentes 16, 17 se comportent comme une fente unique centrée longitudinalement et transversalement.
Claims (9)
- Antenne plaquée à double polarisation, du type comprenant au moins un élément rayonnant (11, 12) engendrant deux ondes hyperfréquences à polarisations linéaires distinctes, le ou lesdits éléments rayonnants (11,12) étant alimentés, à travers au moins deux fentes (15,16,17) découpées dans un plan de masse (18), par une première (13) et une seconde (14) lignes d'alimentation correspondant chacune à une desdites polarisations distinctes,
caractérisée en ce que le ou lesdits éléments rayonnants (11,12) sont alimentés :d'une part par ladite première ligne d'alimentation (13) à travers une première fente (15), etd'autre part par ladite seconde ligne d'alimentation (14) à travers une seconde (16) et une troisième (17) fentes de même longueur (L2) et parallèles entre elles,d'une part, selon un premier axe de résonance (116) perpendiculaire à l'axe (117) de ladite première fente (15), etd'autre part, selon un second axe de résonance (118) perpendiculaire à l'axe (119) de chacune desdites seconde (16) et troisième (17) fentes,en ce que ladite première fente (15) est d'une part centrée transversalement par rapport audit premier axe de résonance (116) et d'autre part centrée longitudinalement par rapport audit centre de résonance (120),et en ce que lesdites seconde (16) et troisième (17) fentes sont d'une part centrées transversalement par rapport audit second axe de résonance (118) et d'autre part placées à égale distance dudit centre de résonance (120). - Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un premier et un second éléments rayonnants (12), ledit second élément rayonnant 12) étant disposé selon un plan sensiblement parallèle au plan dudit premier élément rayonnant (11),
et en ce que lesdits premier (11) et second (12) éléments rayonnants sont alimentés :d'une part par ladite première ligne d'alimentation (13) à travers ladite première fente, etd'autre part par ladite seconde ligne d'alimentation (14) à travers lesdites seconde (16) et troisième (17) fentes, - Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit centre de résonance (120) est situé sur une droite (123) d'une part perpendiculaire au ou auxdits plans contenant le ou lesdits éléments rayonnants (11,12) et d'autre part passant par le centre (121, 122) du ou desdits éléments rayonnants (11,12).
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la longueur (L1) de ladite première fente (15) est inférieure à la longueur (L2) desdites seconde (16) et troisième (17) fentes.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que lesdites seconde (16) et troisième (17) fentes sont éloignées de ladite première fente (15).
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdites première (13) et seconde (14) lignes d'alimentation appartiennent au groupe comprenant :les lignes microruban ;les lignes triplaque.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fentes (15, 16, 17) de forme sont de forme sensiblement rectangulaire.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le ou lesdits éléments rayonnants (11, 12) sont de forme sensiblement carrée.
- Dispositif d'émission/réception comportant au moins une antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9216048 | 1992-12-29 | ||
FR9216048A FR2700067B1 (fr) | 1992-12-29 | 1992-12-29 | Antenne plaquée à double polarisation et dispositif d'émission/réception correspondant. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0605338A1 EP0605338A1 (fr) | 1994-07-06 |
EP0605338B1 true EP0605338B1 (fr) | 1999-02-24 |
Family
ID=9437391
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19930460038 Expired - Lifetime EP0605338B1 (fr) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-20 | Antenne plaquée à double polarisation et dispositif d'émission/réception correspondant |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0605338B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69323612T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2700067B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07249926A (ja) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-26 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 平面アンテナ |
IT1284996B1 (it) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-05-28 | Italtel Spa | Antenna a microstriscia con controllo della direzione dell'asse di massima irradiazione |
CA2237648A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-01-29 | Noel Mcdonald | Antenne a plaque de polarisation double |
DE10114012B4 (de) * | 2000-05-11 | 2011-02-24 | Amtran Technology Co., Ltd., Chung Ho | Chipantenne |
FR2827430A1 (fr) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-17 | France Telecom | Antenne a couplage reactif comportant deux elements rayonnants |
FR2828014B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-10-31 | D Phy Espace Dev De Produits H | Antenne |
CN102959801A (zh) * | 2011-04-19 | 2013-03-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种微带天线 |
US20140118203A1 (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-01 | John R. Sanford | Coax coupled slot antenna |
EP3582326B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-15 | 2021-10-06 | Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy | Couplage d'antenne |
GB201902620D0 (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-04-10 | Secr Defence | Dual polarised planar antenna, base station and method of manufacture |
CN113519090B (zh) * | 2019-03-14 | 2022-12-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | 用于天线元件的馈电方法和馈电结构 |
CN114597644B (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2024-03-29 | 常熟市泓博通讯技术股份有限公司 | 28GHz毫米波双极化天线及其阵列 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4903033A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1990-02-20 | Ford Aerospace Corporation | Planar dual polarization antenna |
FR2666691B2 (fr) * | 1990-07-11 | 1994-03-04 | Ct Reg Innovat Transfert Tech | Antenne microonde. |
FR2668305B1 (fr) * | 1990-10-18 | 1992-12-04 | Alcatel Espace | Dispositif d'alimentation d'un element rayonnant fonctionnant en double polarisation. |
-
1992
- 1992-12-29 FR FR9216048A patent/FR2700067B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-12-20 DE DE1993623612 patent/DE69323612T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-20 EP EP19930460038 patent/EP0605338B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2700067A1 (fr) | 1994-07-01 |
DE69323612D1 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
FR2700067B1 (fr) | 1995-03-17 |
EP0605338A1 (fr) | 1994-07-06 |
DE69323612T2 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0542595B1 (fr) | Dispositif d'antenne microruban perfectionné, notamment pour transmissions téléphoniques par satellite | |
EP0089084B1 (fr) | Structure d'antenne plane hyperfréquences | |
EP0064313B1 (fr) | Elément rayonnant ou récepteur de signaux hyperfréquences à polarisations circulaires et antenne plane hyperfréquence comprenant un réseau de tels éléments | |
EP0714151B1 (fr) | Antenne large bande monopôle en technologie imprimée uniplanaire et dispositif d'émission et/ou de réception incorporant une telle antenne | |
EP0315141B1 (fr) | Dispositif d'excitation d'un guide d'onde en polarisation circulaire par une antenne plane | |
EP3547450A1 (fr) | Element rayonnant a polarisation circulaire mettant en uvre une resonance dans une cavite de fabry perot | |
EP0605338B1 (fr) | Antenne plaquée à double polarisation et dispositif d'émission/réception correspondant | |
EP1690317B1 (fr) | Antenne en reseau multi-bande a double polarisation | |
EP0627783A1 (fr) | Structure rayonnante multicouches à directivité variable | |
FR2640431A1 (fr) | Dispositif rayonnant multifrequence | |
FR2863111A1 (fr) | Antenne en reseau multi-bande a double polarisation | |
EP1228552A1 (fr) | Antenne imprimee bi-bande | |
CA2029378A1 (fr) | Antenne a polarisation circulaire, notamment pour reseau d'antennes | |
CA2006291C (fr) | Dispositif rayonnant bifrequence | |
FR2527014A1 (fr) | Antenne a microbandes a alimentation gamma | |
CA2808511C (fr) | Antenne plane pour terminal fonctionnant en double polarisation circulaire, terminal aeroporte et systeme de telecommunication par satellite comportant au moins une telle antenne | |
EP1188202A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'emission et/ou de reception de signaux | |
EP3900113B1 (fr) | Antenne microruban élémentaire et antenne réseau | |
FR2705167A1 (fr) | Antenne plaquée large bande à encombrement réduit, et dispositif d'émission/réception correspondant. | |
WO2007054582A1 (fr) | Systeme d'antenne plate a acces direct en guide d'ondes | |
EP0477102B1 (fr) | Réseau directif pour radiocommunications, à éléments rayonnants adjacents et ensemble de tels réseaux directifs | |
FR2629644A1 (fr) | Antenne boucle large bande a alimentation dissymetrique, notamment antenne pour emission, et antenne reseau formee d'une pluralite de telles antennes | |
EP3910729A1 (fr) | Transducteur orthomode large bande | |
FR2724491A1 (fr) | Antenne plaquee miniaturisee, a double polarisation, a tres large bande | |
FR2799580A1 (fr) | Antenne imprimee a bande passante elargie et faible niveau de polarisation croisee, et reseau d'antennes correspondant |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE GB |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19940819 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19960530 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE GB |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69323612 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19990401 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19990323 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20061124 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20061127 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20071220 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080701 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20071220 |