EP0602134B1 - Process and plant for producing staff slabs by a mixed method - Google Patents

Process and plant for producing staff slabs by a mixed method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0602134B1
EP0602134B1 EP92918928A EP92918928A EP0602134B1 EP 0602134 B1 EP0602134 B1 EP 0602134B1 EP 92918928 A EP92918928 A EP 92918928A EP 92918928 A EP92918928 A EP 92918928A EP 0602134 B1 EP0602134 B1 EP 0602134B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
layer
belt
moistening
press
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP92918928A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0602134A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg Bold
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Grenzebach GmbH and Co KG
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Babcock BSH AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/02Conditioning the material prior to shaping
    • B28B17/023Conditioning gypsum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/52Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
    • B28B1/526Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement by delivering the materials on a conveyor of the endless-belt type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/02Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
    • B28B5/026Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length
    • B28B5/027Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length the moulding surfaces being of the indefinite length type, e.g. belts, and being continuously fed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device according to the preambles of claims 1 and 7.
  • a mixture of binder, reinforcing materials and, if necessary, fillers is usually, in several layers, spread on a forming belt that is continuously moving under spreading devices and then compressed in a press.
  • Gypsum or gypsum mixtures e.g. from hemihydrate, dihydrate, cement and additives, such as setting accelerators and / or retarders, as reinforcing agents fibers, e.g. from waste paper, and as fillers, e.g. Perlite used.
  • the additives can also be added to the water first and to the mixture with the water.
  • the disadvantages associated with this procedure are, for example, the need for a dewatering press, the accumulation of squeezed water with suspended gypsum and a high residual moisture remaining in the pressed board to be dried out.
  • the water is supplied in two portions.
  • the first portion of the water is supplied with a dry mixture of gypsum and fibers in the preparation of the sprinkle mixture.
  • the second portion of the water is sprayed onto the individual layers of the scattered layer immediately after the layers have been spread.
  • the spread and moistened layer is then pre-compressed in a pre-press and compressed to final size in a main press.
  • DE-A-38 01 315 it is known from DE-A-38 01 315 to allow an upper screen belt to run in the presses during compression for ventilation. Furthermore, it is known from DE-C-39 06 009 to supply the first part of the water via moistened and ground paper fibers. This saves a mixer for producing the dry mixture. The scatterable mixture is produced by mixing gypsum and the fibers provided with the first part of the water.
  • Another disadvantage is that devices for spraying the layers are arranged between the spreading devices.
  • this arrangement leads to the fact that the different layers of the layer cover different distances up to the presses and are thus moistened at different times. This leads to a different start of the setting of the plaster in the different layers.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which enables more uniform moistening with the least possible effort, and a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • the sprinkled layer is moistened with the second partial amount of water to 110 to 180% of the plate thickness, i.e. of the final dimension of the plates, pre-compressed. Both sides of the layer are moistened in succession during the pre-compaction or directly afterwards. Only after moistening with the entire second part of the water is the pre-compressed layer compressed to the plate thickness.
  • a layer is produced that can absorb water much better than the scattered layer but also as the layer that has already been compacted to plate thickness.
  • a particularly uniform moistening over the layer height is achieved with pre-compaction to 110 to 150% of the plate thickness.
  • the method according to the invention achieves a much more uniform setting. This leads to improved board quality, especially higher strength.
  • a total amount of water of 35 to 45% of the dry matter is supplied.
  • This total amount of water which corresponds to about 2 to 3 times the amount of water stoichiometric for setting the gypsum, enables the pre-compressed layer to be moistened evenly without water being squeezed out when compacting to plate thickness.
  • a mixture to be spread with a water quantity of 15 to 27% of the dry mass contains on the one hand a high proportion of the total amount of water to be supplied and on the other hand is still easy to spread. A larger amount of water would lead to granulation or lumping of the mixture. Mixtures with a water quantity of 18 to 24% of the dry matter are particularly suitable, in particular they are easy to spread.
  • the top of the layer is moistened during the pre-compaction and the underside after the pre-compaction. Moistening during pre-compression leads to particularly good water absorption by the layer.
  • the water absorption can be compressed and moistened alternately, e.g. with the help of a roller press and dampening devices arranged between the rollers of the roller press can be further improved. Springing back of the layer after compression and during moistening causes a suction effect that supports the water absorption of the layer.
  • one or both sides of the layer are moistened by spraying.
  • a regulation of the amount of water supplied by measuring the difference between the amount of water supplied and the collected, running water according to claim 4 enables precise metering of the amount of water supplied. This is particularly advantageous when spraying the underside of the layer, since water can easily drip from the underside.
  • the underside of the layer can also be moistened by guiding the pre-compressed layer through a water bath.
  • the pre-compressed layer is passed through the water bath so that only the underside of the layer is wetted.
  • a sieve belt with water-impermeable, raised edges prevents water from penetrating into the layer at the two edges of the layer and flowing onto the surface of the layer.
  • the amount of water for moistening the underside of the layer is metered into the water bath.
  • a self-regulating mechanism of water absorption of the layer is used.
  • the layer is fed into the water bath and back at a small angle. Your water absorption grows steadily with the wetted surface and thus with increasing water level.
  • a water level is set at which this supply and the decrease by the layer are in equilibrium.
  • the layer always absorbs the amount of water supplied, regardless of how this water absorption is done in detail.
  • Vacuum is preferably applied in the first zone in order to remove the air located in the pores of the layer and the sieve belts. In the case of several zones, overpressure and underpressure are then preferably applied alternately.
  • the system according to claim 7 is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to claim 1
  • the system according to claim 8 is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to claim 3
  • the system according to claim 9 is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to claim 5.
  • the systems according to claim 10 and claim 11 are particularly suitable for performing the method according to claim 6.
  • forming the undersides of the boxes or arranging the guide rollers so that they form a sliding surface concave in the conveying direction enables the layer to be guided well through the trough.
  • a large depth of the trough and guide devices prevent turbulence in the trough, which could arise due to the layer passed through the trough.
  • Figure 1 shows a system of the prior art.
  • FIG. 6 shows a tub for moistening the underside of the layer of example 4
  • FIG. 7 shows a vertical section A-A perpendicular to the conveying direction of the tub and
  • FIG. 8 shows an enlarged section of FIG. 7.
  • a known plant for the production of gypsum fibreboards by a semi-dry process has storage devices for water, possibly additives, gypsum, fibers and possibly fillers.
  • a conveyor device leading from a paper container via a grinding device opens into the storage device for fibers.
  • the system has two mixers 1a, 1b, to each of which a line leads from the storage device for water and the dry mixer via a metering device. If necessary. leads a further line from the storage device for fillers via a metering device to the second mixer 1b.
  • Mixers 1a, 1b can e.g. horizontal continuous mixer with rotating mixing shaft or rotary tube mixer.
  • the system has three spreading devices 2a, 2b, 2c, which are arranged one behind the other over a forming belt 3 in its conveying direction.
  • the output of the first mixer 1a is connected to the first and third spreading devices 2a, 2c via conveyor belts and the output of the second mixer 1b is connected to the second spreading device 2b via a conveyor belt.
  • a further spray device 4b is located between the second and third spreading devices 2b, 2c and a third spray device 4c behind the third spreading device 2c.
  • a pre-press 5 e.g. a roller press.
  • the forming belt 3 is guided over the lower rollers and a wire belt 6 over the upper rollers of the pre-press 5.
  • the forming belt 3 and the wire belt 6 are both also guided by a main press 7, also a roller press, arranged behind the pre-press 5.
  • the main press 7 has additional steel belts 8 guided within the forming belt 3 and within the wire belt 6.
  • the sieve belt 6 extends over a vacuum box 10, which is arranged behind the main press 7 at the level of the upper rollers and is connected to a blower 9, and is returned behind the latter.
  • the forming tape 3 projects under the vacuum box 10 and is returned in its first quarter. It is designed as a closed plastic band.
  • Another lower belt 11 begins in the last quarter of the vacuum box 10, so that a distance remains below the vacuum box 10 between the forming belt 3 and the lower belt 11.
  • a lower spray device 12 with nozzles for spraying the underside of the layer is arranged.
  • An upper spray device 13 with nozzles is located after the return of the sieve belt 6 above the lower belt 11.
  • the lower belt 11 is formed by a secondary press 14, a roller press, connected to the upper rewetting device 13, with an upper belt and (not shown) by further devices e.g. led to drying the plates.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a paper preparation device 15 which, in addition to storage devices for additives, paper and water, has a mixer to which lines lead from the storage devices via metering devices.
  • a pre-shredder is arranged in the line from the storage device for paper to the mixer between the storage device and the metering device.
  • the outlet of the mixer is optionally connected to the storage container for fibers via a metering device and a grinding device.
  • the storage device for water and the dry mixer are no longer necessary.
  • a mixture of gypsum, fibers and the first portion of the water is scattered by the spreading devices 1a, 1b, 1c in three layers onto the continuously moving forming belt 3.
  • Each layer is moistened with a portion of the second portion of the water immediately after being sprinkled by the spray devices 4a, 4b, 4c.
  • the mixer 1a feeds the first and third spreading devices 1a and 1c which cover the lower and upper layers, i.e. form the outer layers, the scattered layer.
  • fillers can be introduced into the second mixer 1b, which feeds the second spreading device 1b. This means that a different composition can be selected for the middle layer of the scattered layer.
  • the scattered and moistened layer is first compressed to plate thickness in the pre-press 5 and then in the main press 7.
  • the resulting plate is then moistened in succession from below and from above with the rest of the second part of the water. During the rewetting from below, the plate is held by the vacuum box 10.
  • the re-moistened plate is post-compressed in the post-press 14.
  • the paper When using the paper preparation device 15, the paper is pre-shredded and mixed with the first portion of the water, ie up to 200% of the dry mass of the paper and possibly additives. After a certain storage time, the pre-moistened paper is ground into fibers in the grinding device and conveyed into the storage device for fibers.
  • the moistened fibers are mixed with gypsum and the mixture is then fed to the spreading devices 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • a system according to the invention differs from a system of the prior art in the following features. It has an additional lower sieve belt 16.
  • the lower sieve belt 16 is located below the spreading devices 2a, 2b, 2c arranged directly one behind the other and in the pre-press 5 on the forming belt 3, which is fed back behind the pre-press 5.
  • the forming belt 3 can be replaced by a sliding table.
  • the lower sieve belt 16 extends through the main press 7, in which it is located on the lower steel belt 8.
  • Prepress 5 and main press 7 are arranged at a distance from one another.
  • a lower spray device 18 provided with a metering device 17 is first arranged below the lower screen belt 16.
  • the system according to the invention has no spray devices 4a, 4b, 4c between the spreading devices 2a, 2b, 2c and no postpress 14.
  • the mixture is sprinkled on the forming belt 3 in three layers.
  • the scattered layer has a height of approximately 50 mm and is raised to a height of 12 mm in the pre-press 5, i.e. to about 120% of the plate thickness, pre-compressed. It springs back to about 16 mm.
  • the spraying devices 18, 22, 2,280 l / h of water i.e. a total of 18% of the dry matter, sprayed on the layer.
  • the amount of water supplied is regulated by measuring the difference between the amount of water supplied and the amount discharged. Overall, a water volume of about 40% of the dry matter, i.e. approximately 3 times the stoichiometric amount of water.
  • the layer is compressed to a plate thickness of 10.3 mm. After setting, the raw board still contains 14.2% residual moisture. After drying, a plate with a density of 1,150 kg / m3 and a bending strength of 8.0 N / mm is obtained.
  • the upper screen belt 6 is only guided through the main press 7.
  • a second upper screen belt 25 extends through the pre-press 5, along the vacuum box 21 arranged opposite the lower spray device 18 and along a further transfer vacuum box 27 connected to a blower 26.
  • the upper screen belt 25 is returned behind the transfer vacuum box 27.
  • the upper spray device 22 is arranged between the return of the upper screen belt 25 and the main press 7.
  • the lower screen belt 16 extends through the pre-press 5, along the lower spray device 18 and over one or more separation nozzles 29 connected to a blower.
  • the release nozzles 29 are arranged at the end of the vacuum box 21.
  • the lower screen belt 16 extends to the front edge of the transfer vacuum box 27 in the conveying direction and is returned there.
  • Another smooth, lower belt 30 begins at the rear edge of the transfer vacuum box 27, extends below the upper spray device 22 and is guided through the main press 7. Accordingly, no vacuum box is arranged opposite the upper spray device 22.
  • the layer pre-compressed in the pre-press 5 is first moistened by the spray device 18 on the underside.
  • the layer is then detached from the lower screen belt 16 by blowing air through the release nozzles 29 and transferred to the smooth lower belt 30 with the aid of the transfer vacuum box 29.
  • the layer is moistened by spray device 22 on the upper side and compressed to plate thickness in the main press 7.
  • the underside of the plate is smoothed by the smooth, lower band 30.
  • a system of Example 3 differs from that of Example 2 in that the lower screen belt 16, as in Example 1, is carried out through the main press 7. Accordingly, a vacuum box 24 with a blower 23 is arranged opposite the upper spray device 22 arranged directly in front of the main press 7.
  • the system of example 3 also differs from that of example 2 in the lower moistening device.
  • the lower moistening device has a trough 32 provided with a metering device 31.
  • Outer guide rollers 33 are arranged above the front and rear edge of the tub 32 in the conveying direction. Extending between the outer guide rollers 33 is a box 34, which is divided in two in the conveying direction and has air openings on its underside, to whose front half a suction fan 35 and to the rear half of which a pressure fan 36 is connected.
  • the underside of the box 34 projecting into the trough 32 is designed as a sliding surface which is concavely curved in the conveying direction. The curvature corresponds approximately to a radius of 5 to 15 m. It is important that the outer guide rollers 33 and the box 34 are arranged so that the sieve belts 16, 25 are led down and back at a small angle.
  • the upper sieve belt 25 is returned behind the tub 32. At this point, the lower screen belt 16 is guided over a further roller 37.
  • the layer pre-compressed in the pre-press 5 is guided through the trough 32 such that only the underside of the layer is wetted.
  • air is first sucked from the layer and the sieve belts 16, 25 from the top in a first zone and an overpressure is then applied to the top of the layer in a second zone.
  • the pressure is adjustable.
  • a precisely metered amount of water is passed into the tub 32 and is taken up by the layer. Subsequently, the top of the layer is moistened by the spraying devices 22 and finally the layer is compressed to plate thickness in the main press 7.
  • Example 4 In the installation of Example 4, the upper screen belt 6 and the lower screen belt 16 are passed through the pre-press 5, in which the upper spray device 22 is arranged, the lower moistening device and the main press 7.
  • Upper and lower pressure rollers 38 of the pre-press 5 are arranged at a distance from one another.
  • Nozzles 39 of the upper spray device 22 are located between the upper pressure rollers 38.
  • the lower moistening device has the tub 32 described in Example 3 and provided with a metering device 31.
  • Suction / pressure boxes 40 and further guide rollers 41 are arranged in succession between the outer guide rollers 33 arranged above the edges of the tub 32.
  • The, in this example four, boxes 40 are connected via lines 42 to the suction fan 35 and the pressure fan 36.
  • Valves 43 are located in the lines 42, so that the blowers 35, 36 can optionally be switched to the boxes 40 and the respective air pressure is adjustable.
  • the guide rollers 41 form a sliding surface which is concavely curved in the conveying direction, as in example 3, along which the upper and the lower screen belt 25, 16 are guided through the trough 32.
  • the immersion depth of the lower sieve belt 16 corresponds in magnitude to the layer thickness.
  • the extent of the trough 32 in the conveying direction corresponds approximately to that of the main press 7, for example 3 to 5 m. It is about 25 cm wider than the layer on both sides. Their depth is about 10 times the plate thickness.
  • the lower sieve belt 16 is wider than the upper sieve belt 6 (or upper sieve belt 25, example 3). Its side edges are sealed with elastic plastic 46. The cover protrudes 5 cm on both sides into the area of the pre-compacted layer.
  • the lower screen belt 16 is guided in the tub 32 at its edges via rollers 47. The rollers 47 are arranged so that the edges of the lower screen belt 16 are bent up.
  • the tub 32 is provided with an inlet 48 at its front end.
  • the inlet 48 is designed in the manner of a diffuser with an overflow extending over the entire width of the trough (not shown).
  • the metering pump 31 is connected to the inlet 48 via a flow meter 49.
  • the scattered layer in the pre-press 7 is alternately compressed by the pressure rollers 38 and sprayed in the area between the pressure rollers 38.
  • the springback of the layer leads to an increased suction of the water into the layer when the pressure between the pressure rollers 38 is relieved.
  • the precompressed layer arranged between the sieve belts 16, 25 is then passed through a water bath, specifically through the trough 32 supplied with water, so that only the underside of the layer is wetted. This is ensured by the raised edges of the lower sieve belt 16 sealed with plastic 46.
  • the layer is applied at a small angle, e.g. 1 to 10 °, in the water bath and returned. Thanks to the self-regulating mechanism described, it absorbs exactly the amount of water added.
  • the layer is alternately loaded and unloaded by the guide rollers 28, 41.
  • the spring back of the layer between the guide rollers 28, 41, as in the upper spray device 22 of this example, increases the moistening of the layer by suction of the water.
  • This resilience of the layer during moistening can also be achieved by running the layer in a water bath along a curved surface, the radius of which is constantly increasing.
  • Air is first sucked in from the layer in a first zone through the suction / pressure boxes 40 between the guide rollers in order to remove the air from the layer and above all the lower wire belt 16.
  • a certain air pressure is then applied from above to the layer led through the water bath in a second zone. This applied air pressure counteracts the uneven moistening of areas of different densities in the layer.
  • the boxes 40 can also be operated in such a way that air is alternately sucked in through one box 40 in one zone and air is given in through the next in the following zone, with the first box 40, i.e. in the first zone, air is always sucked in.
  • each of the mixers 1a and 1b are dosed with the following quantities: Gypsum hemihydrate (stucco; 5.9% H2O) 10,500 kg / h Gypsum dihydrate (ground) 50 kg / h Paper fibers (dry weight) 2,000 kg / h Water (contained in the paper fibers) 2,800 kg / h
  • the paper fibers impregnated with water are produced in the paper preparation device 15.
  • the 30,700 kg / h of the mixture of gypsum, fibers and water, the amount of water being about 22% of the dry matter, is scattered in rotating layers.
  • the spreading height is about 45 mm.
  • the layer is pre-compressed in the pre-press 5 to a thickness of 11.5 mm, ie approximately 112% of the plate thickness. It springs back to 15 mm.
  • 2,400 l / h water is sprayed from above. In the tub 32, the layer also absorbs 2,400 l / h of water from below.
  • the layer is compressed to a plate thickness of 10.3 mm. After setting, the raw board still contains 14.2% residual moisture. After drying, a plate with a density of 1,170 kg / m3 and a bending strength of 9.2 N / mm is obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

For producing staff slabs by a mixed method, a humidified mixture of plaster and fibres is spread on a conveyor belt. The missing water is added to the mixture after or during a precompressing step in a preliminary press and before the final compressing step in the main press. Several possibilities and embodiments are disclosed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung gemäß den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1 und 7.The invention relates to a method and a device according to the preambles of claims 1 and 7.

Zur Herstellung von Gipsfaserplatten nach einem Streuverfahren wird eine Mischung aus Bindemittel, Verstärkungsmaterialien und ggfs. Füllstoffen, meist, in mehreren Lagen auf ein sich kontinuierlich unter Streuvorrichtungen fortbewegendes Formband gestreut und anschließend in einer Presse verdichtet. Als Bindemittel wird Gips oder Gipsmischungen, z.B. aus Halbhydrat, Dihydrat, Zement und Additiven, wie Abbindebeschleuniger und/oder Verzögerer, als Verstärkungsmittel Fasern, z.B. aus Altpapier, und als Füllstoffe, z.B. Perlite eingesetzt. Die Additive können auch zunächst dem Wasser und mit den Wasser der Mischung zugegeben werden.To produce gypsum fibreboard using a spreading process, a mixture of binder, reinforcing materials and, if necessary, fillers is usually, in several layers, spread on a forming belt that is continuously moving under spreading devices and then compressed in a press. Gypsum or gypsum mixtures, e.g. from hemihydrate, dihydrate, cement and additives, such as setting accelerators and / or retarders, as reinforcing agents fibers, e.g. from waste paper, and as fillers, e.g. Perlite used. The additives can also be added to the water first and to the mixture with the water.

Im Laufe dieser Verfahrensschritte muß dem Gips das zum Abbinden notwendige Wasser zugeführt werden. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß dies eine der schwierigsten Aufgaben im gesamten Prozeß ist.In the course of these process steps, the water necessary for setting must be added to the gypsum. This has been found to be one of the most difficult tasks in the entire process.

In einem aus der DE-A-27 51 466 und der DE-A-27 51 473 bekannten Verfahren wird die Mischung trocken gestreut und vor der Presse von oben beregnet, wobei die Wasseraufnahme durch unter dem permeablen Trägerband angreifendes Vakuum unterstützt wird. Die gestreute Schicht nimmt dabei einen Uberschuß an Wasser auf, der anschließend in der Presse ausgepreßt wird.In a process known from DE-A-27 51 466 and DE-A-27 51 473, the mixture is sprinkled dry and sprinkled from above in front of the press, the water absorption being assisted by a vacuum acting under the permeable carrier tape. The scattered layer takes up an excess of water, which is then pressed out in the press.

Die mit diesem vorgehen verbundenen Nachteile sind z.B. die Notwendigkeit einer Entwässerungspresse, der Anfall von ausgepreßten Wasser mit suspendiertem Gips sowie eine hohe, in der gepreßten Platte verbleibende, auszutrocknende Restfeuchte.The disadvantages associated with this procedure are, for example, the need for a dewatering press, the accumulation of squeezed water with suspended gypsum and a high residual moisture remaining in the pressed board to be dried out.

Bei einem z.B. aus der EP-A-0 153 588 bekannten, sogenannten, Halbtrockenverfahren wird dagegen nur soviel Wasser zugeführt, wie die Trockenmasse aus Gips, Fasern und ggfs. Füllstoffen aufnehmen kann, d.h. soviel Wasser, daß beim Pressen der Schicht kein Wasser mehr ausgepreßt wird.With e.g. In contrast, so-called semi-dry processes known from EP-A-0 153 588 only as much water is added as the dry mass of gypsum, fibers and possibly fillers, i.e. so much water that no more water is squeezed out when the layer is pressed.

Wie aus der EP-A-0 153 588 bekannt, wird dabei das Wasser in zwei Teilmengen zugeführt. Die erste Teilmenge des Wassers wird bei der Herstellung der streufähigen Mischung mit einer trockenen Mischung aus Gips und Fasern zugeführt. Die zweite Teilmenge des Wassers wird auf die einzelnen Lagen der gestreuten Schicht direkt nach dem Streuen der Lagen gesprüht. Anschließend wird die gestreute und befeuchtete Schicht in einer Vorpresse vorverdichtet und in einer Hauptpresse auf Endmaß verdichtet.As is known from EP-A-0 153 588, the water is supplied in two portions. The first portion of the water is supplied with a dry mixture of gypsum and fibers in the preparation of the sprinkle mixture. The second portion of the water is sprayed onto the individual layers of the scattered layer immediately after the layers have been spread. The spread and moistened layer is then pre-compressed in a pre-press and compressed to final size in a main press.

Zur Verbesserung dieses Verfahrens ist aus der DE-A-38 01 315 bekannt, beim Verdichten zur Entlüftung ein oberes Siebband in den Pressen mitlaufen zu lassen. Desweiteren ist aus der DE-C-39 06 009 bekannt, die erste Teilmenge des Wassers über befeuchtete und gemahlene Papierfasern zuzuführen. Dadurch kann ein Mischer zur Herstellung der trockenen Mischung eingespart werden. Die streufähige Mischung wird dabei durch Mischen von Gips und den mit der ersten Teilmenge des Wassers versehenen Fasern hergestellt.To improve this process, it is known from DE-A-38 01 315 to allow an upper screen belt to run in the presses during compression for ventilation. Furthermore, it is known from DE-C-39 06 009 to supply the first part of the water via moistened and ground paper fibers. This saves a mixer for producing the dry mixture. The scatterable mixture is produced by mixing gypsum and the fibers provided with the first part of the water.

Bei diesem verfahren muß jedoch immer eine beträchtliche Menge Wasser, die zweite Teilmenge des Wassers, aufgesprüht werden. Das Besprühen der gestreuten Schicht, bzw. der einzelnen Lagen hat einige Nachteile.In this process, however, a considerable amount of water, the second part of the water, must always be sprayed on. Spraying the scattered layer or the individual layers has some disadvantages.

Das lockere, gestreute Material kann das aufgesprühte Wasser nicht so gut aufnehmen. Dadurch entstehen in den Lagen obere Bereiche mit Wasserüberschuß und entsprechend untere Bereiche mit weniger Wasser, d.h. die Befeuchtung durch dieses Besprühen ist ungleichmäßig. Ein Ausgleich der Befeuchtung findet erst beim verdichten in den Pressen statt.The loose, scattered material cannot absorb the sprayed water as well. This creates upper areas with excess water and correspondingly lower areas with less water, ie the moistening by this spraying is uneven. The humidification is only compensated for when compacting in the presses.

Da Wasserüberschuß in den vorliegenden Konzentrationen beschleunigend auf das Abbinden des Gipses wirkt, führt die ungleichmäßige Befeuchtung zu unterschiedlich schnellem Abbinden in der gestreuten, befeuchteten Schicht.Since excess water in the present concentrations accelerates the setting of the gypsum, the uneven moistening leads to differently fast setting in the spread, moistened layer.

Es besteht auch die Gefahr, daß insbesondere die Unterseite der ersten Lage zu wenig Wasser zum vollständigen Abbinden des Gipses erhält.There is also the risk that, in particular, the underside of the first layer receives too little water for the plaster to set completely.

Ein weiterer Nachteil ist, daß zwischen den Streuvorrichtungen Vorrichtungen zum Besprühen der Lagen angeordnet sind. Neben dem nachteiligen Platzbedarf der Sprühvorrichtungen führt diese Anordnung dazu, daß die verschiedenen Lagen der Schicht bis zu den Pressen unterschiedliche Strecken zurücklegen und damit zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten befeuchtet werden. Dies hat einen unterschiedlichen Beginn des Abbindens des Gipses in den verschiedenen Lagen zur Folge.Another disadvantage is that devices for spraying the layers are arranged between the spreading devices. In addition to the disadvantageous space requirement of the spray devices, this arrangement leads to the fact that the different layers of the layer cover different distances up to the presses and are thus moistened at different times. This leads to a different start of the setting of the plaster in the different layers.

Ebenso wie das unterschiedlich schnelle Abbinden durch ungleichmäßige Befeuchtung in einer Lage führt der unterschiedliche Abbindebeginn in den verschiedenen Lagen zu durch ungleichmäßiges Abbinden verursachten Schwachstellen in den fertigen Platten. Die Führung des Herstellungsprozesses wird erschwert, zumal es keine Möglichkeit gibt, den Abbindevorgang in der gestreuten, befeuchteten Schicht zu beobachten und nachzusteuern.Just like the differently fast setting due to uneven moistening in one layer, the different start of setting in the different layers leads to weak points in the finished plates caused by uneven setting. The management of the manufacturing process is made more difficult, especially since there is no possibility of observing and adjusting the setting process in the spread, moistened layer.

Aus der DE-A-40 25 797 ist ein gattungsgemäßes verfahren, bei dem ein Teil der zweiten Teilmenge des Wassers nach dem Verdichten durch Vor- und Hauptpresse zugeführt wird und eine entsprechende, gattungsgemäße Anlage bekannt. Das Wasser wird dabei durch Besprühen zunächst der Unterseite der Platte und anschließend der Oberseite aufgegeben. Anschließend wird die nachbefeuchtete Platte mit einem Preßdruck, der höchstens so hoch ist wie der der Hauptpresse, nachverdichtet.From DE-A-40 25 797 a generic method is known in which a part of the second part of the water after the compression is fed through the pre- and main press and a corresponding generic system is known. The water is first sprayed onto the underside of the plate and then onto the top. The re-moistened plate is then compressed again with a pressure that is at most as high as that of the main press.

Dabei wird eine zusätzliche Presse benötigt. Außerdem kann einer verdichteten Platte nur ein geringer Anteil der zweiten Teilmenge des Wassers beim Nachbefeuchten zugeführt werden. Ein Besprühen der gestreuten Lagen mit der damit verbundenen ungleichmäßigen Befeuchtung bleibt weiterhin notwendig.An additional press is required. In addition, only a small proportion of the second portion of the water can be added to a compacted plate during rewetting. Spraying the scattered layers with the associated uneven moistening remains necessary.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, das eine gleichmäßigere Befeuchtung mit möglichst geringem Aufwand ermöglicht, und eine entsprechende Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 7 zu entwickeln.The object of the invention is to develop a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which enables more uniform moistening with the least possible effort, and a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 7.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 7 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claims 1 and 7.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die gestreute Schicht vor dem Befeuchten mit der zweiten Teilmenge Wasser auf 110 bis 180 % der Plattendicke, d.h. des Endmaßes der Platten, vorverdichtet. Während des Vorverdichtens oder direkt anschliessend werden hintereinander beide Seiten der Schicht befeuchtet. Erst nach dem Befeuchten mit der gesamten zweiten Teilmenge des Wassers wird die vorverdichtete Schicht auf Plattendicke verdichtet.In a method according to the invention, the sprinkled layer is moistened with the second partial amount of water to 110 to 180% of the plate thickness, i.e. of the final dimension of the plates, pre-compressed. Both sides of the layer are moistened in succession during the pre-compaction or directly afterwards. Only after moistening with the entire second part of the water is the pre-compressed layer compressed to the plate thickness.

Durch das Vorverdichten auf 110 bis 180 % wird eine Schicht hergestellt, die wesentlich besser als die gestreute Schicht aber auch als die bereits auf Plattendicke verdichtete Schicht Wasser aufnehmen kann. Eine besonders gleichmäßige Befeuchtung über die Schichthöhe erzielt man bei einem Vorverdichten auf 110 bis 150 % der Plattendicke.By pre-compacting to 110 to 180%, a layer is produced that can absorb water much better than the scattered layer but also as the layer that has already been compacted to plate thickness. A particularly uniform moistening over the layer height is achieved with pre-compaction to 110 to 150% of the plate thickness.

Besonders nasse oder trockene Bereiche in der gestreuten Schicht und damit Bereich, in denen das Abbinden des Gipses durch Wasserüberschuß beschleunigt und durch zu wenig Wasser verzögert wird, werden vermieden.Particularly wet or dry areas in the scattered layer and thus areas in which the setting of the gypsum is accelerated by excess water and delayed by too little water are avoided.

Da außerdem das Befeuchten der beiden Seiten der Schicht direkt hintereinander erfolgt, d.h. das Abbinden in der Schicht in etwa zur gleichen Zeit beginnt, wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein wesentlich gleichmäßigeres Abbinden erzielt. Das führt zu einer verbesserten Plattenqualität, insbesondere zu höheren Festigkeiten.In addition, since the moistening of the two sides of the layer takes place in direct succession, i.e. the setting in the layer begins at about the same time, the method according to the invention achieves a much more uniform setting. This leads to improved board quality, especially higher strength.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist ein Besprühen der einzelnen Lagen direkt nach dem Streuen nicht mehr notwendig. Die nun in der oder anschließend an die Vorpresse zum Vorverdichten angeordneten Befeuchtungsvorrichtungen werden nicht durch aufgewirbeltes Streugut verschmutzt.In the method according to the invention, spraying of the individual layers directly after spreading is no longer necessary. The moistening devices now arranged in or subsequent to the pre-press for pre-compression are not soiled by scattered material.

Außerdem werden Befeuchtungsvorrichtungen zwischen den Streuvorrichtungen und eine Nachpresse überflüssig. Man erhalt mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bei geringerem apparativen Aufwand eine verbesserte Qualität der Platten.In addition, moistening devices between the spreading devices and a post-press are unnecessary. With the method according to the invention, an improved quality of the plates is obtained with less equipment.

Gemäß Anspruch 2 wird insgesamt eine Wassermenge von 35 bis 45 % der Trockenmasse zugeführt. Diese gesamte Wassermenge, die etwa dem 2- bis 3-Fachen der zum Abbinden des Gipses stöchiometrischen Wassermenge entspricht, ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Befeuchtung der vorverdichteten Schicht ohne daß beim Verdichten auf Plattendicke Wasser ausgepreßt wird.According to claim 2, a total amount of water of 35 to 45% of the dry matter is supplied. This total amount of water, which corresponds to about 2 to 3 times the amount of water stoichiometric for setting the gypsum, enables the pre-compressed layer to be moistened evenly without water being squeezed out when compacting to plate thickness.

Da auch Fasern und ggfs. Füllstoffe Wasser aufnehmen, wird mehr als die stöchiometrische Wassermenge benötigt, um ein vollständiges Abbinden des Gipses sicherzustellen. Eine zu streuende Mischung mit einer Wassermenge von 15 bis 27 % der Trockenmasse enthält einerseits einen hohen Anteil der gesamten zuzufuhrenden Wassermenge und ist andererseits noch gut streufähig. Eine größere Wassermenge würde zu Granulation oder Klumpenbildung der Mischung führen. Mischungen mit einer Wassermenge von 18 bis 24 % der Trockenmasse sind besonders geeignet, insbesondere sind sie gut streufähig.Since fibers and possibly fillers also absorb water, more than the stoichiometric amount of water is required to ensure that the plaster sets completely. A mixture to be spread with a water quantity of 15 to 27% of the dry mass contains on the one hand a high proportion of the total amount of water to be supplied and on the other hand is still easy to spread. A larger amount of water would lead to granulation or lumping of the mixture. Mixtures with a water quantity of 18 to 24% of the dry matter are particularly suitable, in particular they are easy to spread.

Bei der in Anspruch 3 beschriebenen Verfahrensvariante wird während des Vorverdichtens die Oberseite der Schicht und nach dem Vorverdichten die Unterseite befeuchtet. Das Befeuchten wahrend des Vorverdichtens führt zu einer besonders guten Wasseraufnahme der Schicht. Die Wasseraufnahme kann durch abwechselndes verdichten und Befeuchten, z.B. mit Hilfe einer Rollenpresse und zwischen den Walzen der Rollenpresse angeordneten Befeuchtungsvorrichtungen, weiter verbessert werden. Dabei verursacht das Zurückfedern der Schicht nach dem Verdichten und während des Befeuchtens einen Saugeffekt, der die Wasseraufnahme der Schicht unterstützt.In the variant of the method described in claim 3, the top of the layer is moistened during the pre-compaction and the underside after the pre-compaction. Moistening during pre-compression leads to particularly good water absorption by the layer. The water absorption can be compressed and moistened alternately, e.g. with the help of a roller press and dampening devices arranged between the rollers of the roller press can be further improved. Springing back of the layer after compression and during moistening causes a suction effect that supports the water absorption of the layer.

Bei einer weiteren Verfahrensvariante erfolgt das Befeuchten einer oder beider Seiten der Schicht durch Besprühen. Eine Regelung der zugeführten Wassermenge durch Differenzmessung der zugeführten und der aufgefangenen, ablaufenden Wassermenge gemäß Anspruch 4 ermöglicht eine genaue Dosierung der zugeführten Wassermenge. Dies ist insbesondere beim Besprühen der Unterseite der Schicht von Vorteil, da von der Unterseite leicht Wasser abtropfen kann.In a further process variant, one or both sides of the layer are moistened by spraying. A regulation of the amount of water supplied by measuring the difference between the amount of water supplied and the collected, running water according to claim 4 enables precise metering of the amount of water supplied. This is particularly advantageous when spraying the underside of the layer, since water can easily drip from the underside.

Die Unterseite der Schicht kann gemaß Anspruch 5 auch durch Führen der vorverdichteten Schicht durch ein Wasserbad befeuchtet werden. Die vorverdichtete Schicht wird dabei so durch das Wasserbad geführt, daß nur die Unterseite der Schicht benetzt wird. Dazu muß, z.B. durch ein Siebband mit wasserundurchlässigen, hochgezogenen Rändern verhindert werden, daß an den beiden Rändern der Schicht Wasser in die Schicht eindringt und auf die Oberfläche der Schicht fließt. Dem Wasserbad wird dosiert die Wassermenge zur Befeuchtung der Unterseite der Schicht zugeführt.According to claim 5, the underside of the layer can also be moistened by guiding the pre-compressed layer through a water bath. The pre-compressed layer is passed through the water bath so that only the underside of the layer is wetted. For this, e.g. a sieve belt with water-impermeable, raised edges prevents water from penetrating into the layer at the two edges of the layer and flowing onto the surface of the layer. The amount of water for moistening the underside of the layer is metered into the water bath.

Dabei wird ein selbstregulierender Mechanismus der Wasseraufnahme der Schicht ausgenutzt. Die Schicht wird in kleinem Winkel in das Wasserbad und wieder zurückgeführt. Ihre Wasseraufnahme wächst stetig mit der benetzten Flache und damit mit zunehmender Höhe des Wasserstandes.A self-regulating mechanism of water absorption of the layer is used. The layer is fed into the water bath and back at a small angle. Your water absorption grows steadily with the wetted surface and thus with increasing water level.

Wird dem Wasserbad eine dosierte Menge Wasser zugeführt, dann stellt sich ein Wasserstand ein, bei dem sich diese Zufuhr und die Abnahme durch die Schicht im Gleichgewicht befinden. Die Schicht nimmt immer die zugeführte Wassermenge auf, unabhängig wie diese Wasseraufnahme im Detail vor sich geht.If a metered amount of water is added to the water bath, a water level is set at which this supply and the decrease by the layer are in equilibrium. The layer always absorbs the amount of water supplied, regardless of how this water absorption is done in detail.

Dadurch, daß dickere Partien der Schicht dabei langer dem Wasser ausgesetzt sind und deshalb mehr Wasser aufnehmen, wird auch bei leicht schwankender Dicke der Schicht das Material gleichmäßig befeuchtet.Due to the fact that thicker parts of the layer are exposed to water for a longer time and therefore absorb more water, the material is evenly moistened even with a slightly fluctuating thickness of the layer.

Dabei gemäß Anspruch 6 auf der Oberseite der Schicht in mindestens einer Zone Unterdruck oder Oberdruck anzulegen, verbessert die gleichmäßige Befeuchtung der Schicht von unten. Vorzugsweise wird in der ersten Zone Unterdruck angelegt, um die in den Poren der Schicht und der Siebbänder befindliche Luft zu entfernen. Bei mehreren Zonen wird anschließend bevorzugt abwechselnd Über- und Unterdruck angelegt.Applying underpressure or overpressure on the top of the layer in at least one zone improves the uniform moistening of the layer from below. Vacuum is preferably applied in the first zone in order to remove the air located in the pores of the layer and the sieve belts. In the case of several zones, overpressure and underpressure are then preferably applied alternately.

Die Anlage gemäß Anspruch 7 ist besonders zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, die Anlage gemaß Anspruch 8 besonders zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 3 und die Anlage gemäß Anspruch 9 besonders zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 5 geeignet.The system according to claim 7 is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to claim 1, the system according to claim 8 is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to claim 3 and the system according to claim 9 is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to claim 5.

Die Anlagen gemaß des Anspruchs 10 und des Anspruchs 11 sind besonders zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 6 geeignet. Zusätzlich die Unterseiten der Kasten so auszubilden oder die Führungswalzen so anzuordnen, daß sie eine in Förderrichtung konkave Gleitfläche bilden, ermöglicht eine gute Führung der Schicht durch die Wanne.The systems according to claim 10 and claim 11 are particularly suitable for performing the method according to claim 6. In addition, forming the undersides of the boxes or arranging the guide rollers so that they form a sliding surface concave in the conveying direction enables the layer to be guided well through the trough.

Eine große Tiefe der Wanne und Leitvorrichtungen gemäß Anspruch 12 verhindern in der Wanne Turbulenzen, die aufgrund der durch die Wanne geführten Schicht entstehen konnten.A large depth of the trough and guide devices prevent turbulence in the trough, which could arise due to the layer passed through the trough.

Die Erfindung wird anhand einiger in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellter Beispiele weiter erläutert.The invention is further explained with the aid of some examples shown schematically in the drawing.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Anlage des Standes der Technik.Figure 1 shows a system of the prior art.

In den Figuren 2, 3, 4 und 5 sind die erfindungsgemäßen Beispiele 1, 2, 3 und 4 dargestellt.The examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Figur 6 zeigt eine Wanne zur Befeuchtung der Unterseite der Schicht des Beispiels 4, Figur 7 einen vertikalen Schnitt A-A senkrecht zur Förderrichtung der Wanne und Figur 8 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Figur 7.FIG. 6 shows a tub for moistening the underside of the layer of example 4, FIG. 7 shows a vertical section A-A perpendicular to the conveying direction of the tub and FIG. 8 shows an enlarged section of FIG. 7.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Eine bekannte Anlage zur Herstellung von Gipsfaserplatten nach einem Halbtrockenverfahren weist Vorratsvorrichtungen für Wasser, ggfs. Additive, Gips, Fasern und ggfs. Füllstoffe auf. In die Vorratsvorrichtung für Fasern mündet eine von einem Papierbehälter über eine Mahlvorrichtung führende Fördervorrichtung. Ausgehend von der Vorratsvorrichtung für Fasern und für Gips münden Leitungen in einen Trockenmischer.A known plant for the production of gypsum fibreboards by a semi-dry process has storage devices for water, possibly additives, gypsum, fibers and possibly fillers. A conveyor device leading from a paper container via a grinding device opens into the storage device for fibers. Starting from the storage device for fibers and for gypsum, lines open into a dry mixer.

Die Anlage weist zwei Mischer 1a, 1b auf, zu denen jeweils eine Leitung von der Vorratsvorrichtung für Wasser und dem Trockenmischer über eine Dosiervorrichtung führt. Ggfs. führt eine weitere Leitung von der Vorratsvorrichtung für Füllstoffe über eine Dosiervorrichtung zum zweiten Mischer 1b. Die Mischer 1a, 1b können z.B. horizontale Durchlaufrischer mit rotierender Mischwelle oder Drehrohrmischer sein.The system has two mixers 1a, 1b, to each of which a line leads from the storage device for water and the dry mixer via a metering device. If necessary. leads a further line from the storage device for fillers via a metering device to the second mixer 1b. Mixers 1a, 1b can e.g. horizontal continuous mixer with rotating mixing shaft or rotary tube mixer.

Weiterhin weist die Anlage drei Streuvorrichtungen 2a, 2b, 2c auf, die über einem Formband 3 in dessen Förderrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind. Dabei ist der Ausgang des ersten Mischers 1a über Förderbänder mit der ersten und der dritten Streuvorrichtung 2a, 2c und der Ausgang des zweiten Mischers 1b über ein Förderband mit der zweiten Streuvorrichtung 2b verbunden. Hinter der ersten Streuvorrichtung 2a und vor der zweiten Streuvorrichtung 2b befindet sich eine Sprühvorrichtung 4a mit auf das Formband 3 gerichteten Düsen.Furthermore, the system has three spreading devices 2a, 2b, 2c, which are arranged one behind the other over a forming belt 3 in its conveying direction. The output of the first mixer 1a is connected to the first and third spreading devices 2a, 2c via conveyor belts and the output of the second mixer 1b is connected to the second spreading device 2b via a conveyor belt. Behind the first spreading device 2a and in front of the second spreading device 2b there is a spray device 4a with nozzles directed towards the forming belt 3.

Eine weitere Sprühvorrichtung 4b befindet sich zwischen der zweiten und der dritten Streuvorrichtung 2b, 2c und eine dritte Sprühvorrichtung 4c hinter der dritten Streuvorrichtung 2c.A further spray device 4b is located between the second and third spreading devices 2b, 2c and a third spray device 4c behind the third spreading device 2c.

Hinter der dritten Sprühvorrichtung 4c ist eine Vorpresse 5, z.B. eine Rollenpresse, angeordnet. Dabei ist das Formband 3 über die unteren Walzen und ein Siebband 6 über die oberen Walzen der vorpresse 5 geführt. Das Formband 3 und das Siebband 6 sind beide auch durch eine hinter der Vorpresse 5 angeordnete Hauptpresse 7, ebenfalls eine Rollenpresse, geführt. Die Hauptpresse 7 weist zusätzliche, innerhalb des Formbandes 3 und innerhalb des Siebbandes 6 geführte Stahlbänder 8 auf.Behind the third spray device 4c is a pre-press 5, e.g. a roller press. The forming belt 3 is guided over the lower rollers and a wire belt 6 over the upper rollers of the pre-press 5. The forming belt 3 and the wire belt 6 are both also guided by a main press 7, also a roller press, arranged behind the pre-press 5. The main press 7 has additional steel belts 8 guided within the forming belt 3 and within the wire belt 6.

Das Siebband 6 erstreckt sich über einen hinter der Hauptpresse 7 auf Höhe der oberen Walzen angeordneten, mit einem Gebläse 9 verbundenen Vakuumkasten 10 und ist hinter diesem zurückgeführt. Das Formband 3 ragt unter den Vakuumkasten 10 und ist in dessen ersten Viertel zurückgeführt. Es ist als geschlossenes Plastikband ausgebildet.The sieve belt 6 extends over a vacuum box 10, which is arranged behind the main press 7 at the level of the upper rollers and is connected to a blower 9, and is returned behind the latter. The forming tape 3 projects under the vacuum box 10 and is returned in its first quarter. It is designed as a closed plastic band.

Im letzten Viertel des Vakuumkastens 10 beginnt ein weiteres unteres Band 11, so daß unterhalb des Vakuumkastens 10 zwischen Formband 3 und unterem Band 11 eine Strecke frei bleibt. Auf dieser Strecke ist eine untere Sprühvorrichtung 12 mit Düsen zum Besprühen der Unterseite der Schicht angeordnet.Another lower belt 11 begins in the last quarter of the vacuum box 10, so that a distance remains below the vacuum box 10 between the forming belt 3 and the lower belt 11. On this route, a lower spray device 12 with nozzles for spraying the underside of the layer is arranged.

Eine obere Sprühvorrichtung 13 mit Düsen befindet sich anschließend an die Rückführung des Siebbandes 6 oberhalb des unteren Bandes 11.An upper spray device 13 with nozzles is located after the return of the sieve belt 6 above the lower belt 11.

Das untere Band 11 ist durch eine sich an die obere Nachbefeuchtungsvorrichtung 13 anschließende Nachpresse 14, eine Rollenpresse, mit einem oberen Band und (nicht dargestellt) durch weitere Vorrichtungen z.B. zum Trocknen der Platten geführt.The lower belt 11 is formed by a secondary press 14, a roller press, connected to the upper rewetting device 13, with an upper belt and (not shown) by further devices e.g. led to drying the plates.

Figur 1 zeigt auch eine Papieraufbereitungsvorrichtung 15, die neben Vorratsvorrichtungen für Additive, Papier und Wasser einen Mischer aufweist, zu dem Leitungen von den Vorratsvorrichtungen über Dosiervorrichtungen führen.FIG. 1 also shows a paper preparation device 15 which, in addition to storage devices for additives, paper and water, has a mixer to which lines lead from the storage devices via metering devices.

In der Leitung von der Vorratsvorrichtung für Papier zum Mischer ist zwischen der Vorratsvorrichtung und der Dosiervorrichtung ein Vorzerkleinerer angeordnet. Der Ausgang des Mischers ist ggfs. über eine Dosiervorrichtung und einer Mahlvorrichtung mit dem Vorratsbehälter für Fasern verbunden. Beim Einsatz der Papieraufbereitungsvorrichtung 15 sind die Vorratsvorrichtung für Wasser und der Trockenmischer nicht mehr notwendig.A pre-shredder is arranged in the line from the storage device for paper to the mixer between the storage device and the metering device. The outlet of the mixer is optionally connected to the storage container for fibers via a metering device and a grinding device. When using the paper preparation device 15, the storage device for water and the dry mixer are no longer necessary.

Im Betrieb wird eine Mischung aus Gips, Fasern und der ersten Teilmenge des Wassers durch die Streuvorrichtungen 1a, 1b, 1c in drei Lagen auf das kontinuierlich bewegte Formband 3 gestreut. Jede Lage wird direkt nach dem Streuen durch die Sprühvorrichtungen 4a, 4b, 4c mit einem Teil der zweiten Teilmenge des Wassers befeuchtet.In operation, a mixture of gypsum, fibers and the first portion of the water is scattered by the spreading devices 1a, 1b, 1c in three layers onto the continuously moving forming belt 3. Each layer is moistened with a portion of the second portion of the water immediately after being sprinkled by the spray devices 4a, 4b, 4c.

Der Mischer 1a beschickt die erste und die dritte Streuvorrichtung 1a und 1c, die die untere und die ober Lage, d.h. die äusseren Lagen, der gestreuten Schicht bilden. Zusätzlich können in den zweiten Mischer 1b, der die zweite Streuvorrichtung 1b beschickt, Füllstoffe eingebracht werden. Dadurch kann für die mittlere Lage der gestreuten Schicht eine andere Zusammensetzung gewählt werden.The mixer 1a feeds the first and third spreading devices 1a and 1c which cover the lower and upper layers, i.e. form the outer layers, the scattered layer. In addition, fillers can be introduced into the second mixer 1b, which feeds the second spreading device 1b. This means that a different composition can be selected for the middle layer of the scattered layer.

Die gestreute und befeuchtete Schicht wird zunächst in der Vorpresse 5 und anschließend in der Hauptpresse 7 auf Plattendicke verdichtet. Die entstandene Platte wird anschließend hintereinander von unten und von oben mit dem Rest der zweiten Teilmenge des Wassers nachbefeuchtet. Während des Nachbefeuchtens von unten wird die Platte vom Vakuumkasten 10 gehalten. Die nachbefeuchtete Platte wird in der Nachpresse 14 nachverdichtet.The scattered and moistened layer is first compressed to plate thickness in the pre-press 5 and then in the main press 7. The resulting plate is then moistened in succession from below and from above with the rest of the second part of the water. During the rewetting from below, the plate is held by the vacuum box 10. The re-moistened plate is post-compressed in the post-press 14.

Beim Einsatz der Papieraufbereitungsvorrichtung 15 wird das Papier vorzerkleinert und mit der ersten Teilmenge des Wassers, d.h. bis zu 200 % der Trockenmasse des Papiers und ggfs. Additiven gemischt. Das vorbefeuchtete Papier wird nach einer gewissen Lagerzeit in der Mahlvorrichtung zu Fasern vermahlen und in die Vorratsvorrichtung für Fasern gefördert.When using the paper preparation device 15, the paper is pre-shredded and mixed with the first portion of the water, ie up to 200% of the dry mass of the paper and possibly additives. After a certain storage time, the pre-moistened paper is ground into fibers in the grinding device and conveyed into the storage device for fibers.

In den beiden Mischern 1a, 1b werden die angefeuchteten Fasern mit Gips gemischt und die Mischung anschließend den Streuvorrichtungen 2a, 2b, 2c zugeführt.In the two mixers 1a, 1b, the moistened fibers are mixed with gypsum and the mixture is then fed to the spreading devices 2a, 2b, 2c.

Beispiel 1example 1

Eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage unterscheidet sich in folgenden Merkmalen von einer Anlage des Standes der Technik. Sie weist ein zusätzliches unteres Siebband 16 auf. Das untere Siebband 16 befindet sich unterhalb der direkt hintereinander angeordneten Streuvorrichtungen 2a, 2b, 2c und in der Vorpresse 5 auf dem Formband 3, das hinter der Vorpresse 5 zurückgeführt ist. Das Formband 3 kann dabei durch einen Gleittisch ersetzt werden. Das untere Siebband 16 erstreckt sich bis durch die Hauptpresse 7, in der es sich auf dem unteren Stahlband 8 befindet.A system according to the invention differs from a system of the prior art in the following features. It has an additional lower sieve belt 16. The lower sieve belt 16 is located below the spreading devices 2a, 2b, 2c arranged directly one behind the other and in the pre-press 5 on the forming belt 3, which is fed back behind the pre-press 5. The forming belt 3 can be replaced by a sliding table. The lower sieve belt 16 extends through the main press 7, in which it is located on the lower steel belt 8.

Vorpresse 5 und Hauptpresse 7 sind mit Abstand zueinander angeordnet.Prepress 5 and main press 7 are arranged at a distance from one another.

Hinter der vorpresse 5 und vor der Hauptpresse 7 ist zunächst unterhalb des unteren Siebbandes 16 eine mit einer Dosiervorrichtung 17 versehene untere Sprühvorrichtung 18 angeordnet. Oberhalb des oberen, durch Vorpresse 5 und Hauptpresse 8 verlaufenden Siebbandes 6 befindet sich gegenüber der unteren Sprühvorrichtung 18 ein mit einem Geblase 19 verbundener Vakuumkasten 20. Dahinter, ebenfalls vor der Hauptpresse 7, ist oberhalb des oberen Siebbandes 6 eine ebenfalls mit einer Dosiervorrichtung 21 versehene, obere Sprühvorrichtung 22 angeordnet. Unterhalb des unteren Siebbandes 16 befindet sich gegenüber der oberen Sprühvorrichtung 22 ein weiterer mit einem Gebläse 23 versehener Vakuumkasten 24.Behind the pre-press 5 and in front of the main press 7, a lower spray device 18 provided with a metering device 17 is first arranged below the lower screen belt 16. Above the upper sieve belt 6, which runs through the pre-press 5 and the main press 8, there is a vacuum box 20 connected to a blower 19 opposite the lower spray device 18 , Upper spray device 22 arranged. Below the lower sieve belt 16 there is another vacuum box 24 provided with a blower 23 opposite the upper spray device 22.

Im Gegensatz zu einer Anlage nach dem Stand der Technik weist die erfindungsgemäße Anlage keine Sprühvorrichtungen 4a, 4b, 4c zwischen den Streuvorrichtungen 2a, 2b, 2c und keine Nachpresse 14 auf.In contrast to a system according to the prior art, the system according to the invention has no spray devices 4a, 4b, 4c between the spreading devices 2a, 2b, 2c and no postpress 14.

Im Betrieb werden bei einer Anlage mit einer Produktionsbreite von 2.500 mm und einer Bandgeschwindigkeit von 15 m/min in den Trockenmischer folgende Mengen dosiert: Gips-Halbhydrat (Stuckgips; 5,9 % H2O) 20.500 kg/h Gips-Dihydrat (gemahlen) 100 kg/h Papierfasern (trocken) 4.200 kg/h The following quantities are metered into the dry mixer in a plant with a production width of 2,500 mm and a belt speed of 15 m / min: Gypsum hemihydrate (stucco; 5.9% H2O) 20,500 kg / h Gypsum dihydrate (ground) 100 kg / h Paper fibers (dry) 4,200 kg / h

Je 50 % der Trockenmasse von 24.800 kg/h wird in die Mischer 1a und 1b gefördert. Zusätzlich wird in den ersten Mischer 1a 2.580 1/h Wasser, d.h. 20,8 % der Trockenmasse, und in den zweiten Mischer 2a 2.880 l/h Wasser, d.h. 23,2 % der Trockenmasse, mit an den Gips angepaßten Anteilen von Verzögerern und Beschleunigern eingeleitet.50% of the dry mass of 24,800 kg / h is fed into mixers 1a and 1b. In addition, in the first mixer 1a 2,580 1 / h water, i.e. 20.8% of the dry matter, and in the second mixer 2a 2,880 l / h water, i.e. 23.2% of the dry matter, introduced with proportions of retarders and accelerators adapted to the gypsum.

Die Mischung wird in drei Lagen auf das Formband 3 gestreut. Die gestreute Schicht hat eine Höhe von etwa 50 mm und wird in der Vorpresse 5 auf eine Höhe von 12 mm, d.h. auf etwa 120 % der Plattendicke, vorverdichtet. Sie federt auf etwa 16 mm zurück. Mit den Sprühvorrichtungen 18, 22 werden zunächst von unten und anschließend von oben je 2.280 l/h Wasser, d.h. insgesamt 18 % der Trockenmasse, auf die Schicht gesprüht. Beim Besprühen wird die zugeführte Wassermenge durch Differenzmessung der zugeführten und ablaufenden Wassermenge geregelt. Insgesamt wird damit eine Wassermenge von etwa 40 % der Trockenmasse, d.h. in etwa das 3-Fache der stöchiometrischen Wassermenge, zugeführt.The mixture is sprinkled on the forming belt 3 in three layers. The scattered layer has a height of approximately 50 mm and is raised to a height of 12 mm in the pre-press 5, i.e. to about 120% of the plate thickness, pre-compressed. It springs back to about 16 mm. With the spraying devices 18, 22, 2,280 l / h of water, i.e. a total of 18% of the dry matter, sprayed on the layer. When spraying, the amount of water supplied is regulated by measuring the difference between the amount of water supplied and the amount discharged. Overall, a water volume of about 40% of the dry matter, i.e. approximately 3 times the stoichiometric amount of water.

Während des Besprühens wird durch die gegenüber der Sprühvorrichtungen 18, 22 angeordneten Vakuumkasten 20, 23 Luft aus der Schicht und aus den Siebbändern 16, 6 gesaugt.During spraying, air is drawn out of the layer and out of the sieve belts 16, 6 by the vacuum boxes 20, 23 arranged opposite the spraying devices 18, 22.

In der Hauptpresse 7 wird die Schicht auf eine Plattendicke von 10,3 mm verdichtet. Nach dem Abbinden enthält die Rohplatte noch 14,2 % Restfeuchte. Nach dem Trocknen erhält man eine Platte mit einer Dichte von 1.150 kg/m3 und einer Biegefestigkeit von 8,0 N/mm.In the main press 7, the layer is compressed to a plate thickness of 10.3 mm. After setting, the raw board still contains 14.2% residual moisture. After drying, a plate with a density of 1,150 kg / m3 and a bending strength of 8.0 N / mm is obtained.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Bei einer Anlage des Beispiels 2 ist das obere Siebband 6 nur durch die Hauptpresse 7 geführt. Ein zweites oberes Siebband 25 erstreckt sich durch die Vorpresse 5, entlang des der unteren Sprühvorrichtung 18 gegenüber angeordneten Vakuumkastens 21 und entlang eines weiteren mit einem Gebläse 26 verbundenen Ubergabevakuumkastens 27. Hinter dem Ubergabevakuumkasten 27 ist das obere Siebband 25 zurückgeführt. Zwischen der Rückführung des oberen Siebbandes 25 und der Hauptpresse 7 ist die obere Sprühvorrichtung 22 angeordnet.In a system of example 2, the upper screen belt 6 is only guided through the main press 7. A second upper screen belt 25 extends through the pre-press 5, along the vacuum box 21 arranged opposite the lower spray device 18 and along a further transfer vacuum box 27 connected to a blower 26. The upper screen belt 25 is returned behind the transfer vacuum box 27. The upper spray device 22 is arranged between the return of the upper screen belt 25 and the main press 7.

Das untere Siebband 16 erstreckt sich durch die Vorpresse 5, entlang der unteren Sprühvorrichtung 18 und über eine oder mehrere mit einem Gebläse verbundene Ablösedüsen 29.The lower screen belt 16 extends through the pre-press 5, along the lower spray device 18 and over one or more separation nozzles 29 connected to a blower.

Die Ablösedüsen 29 sind am Ende des Vakuumkastens 21 angeordnet. Das untere Siebband 16 ragt bis zum in Förderrichtung vorderen Rand des Ubergabevakuumkastens 27 und ist dort zurückgeführt.The release nozzles 29 are arranged at the end of the vacuum box 21. The lower screen belt 16 extends to the front edge of the transfer vacuum box 27 in the conveying direction and is returned there.

Ein weiteres glattes, unteres Band 30 beginnt am hinteren Rand des Ubergabevakuumkastens 27, erstreckt sich unterhalb der oberen Sprühvorrichtung 22 und ist durch die Hauptpresse 7 geführt. Gegenüber der oberen Sprühvorrichtung 22 ist dementsprechend kein Vakuumkasten angeordnet.Another smooth, lower belt 30 begins at the rear edge of the transfer vacuum box 27, extends below the upper spray device 22 and is guided through the main press 7. Accordingly, no vacuum box is arranged opposite the upper spray device 22.

Im Betrieb wird die in der Vorpresse 5 vorverdichtete Schicht zunächst durch die Sprühvorrichtung 18 auf der Unterseite befeuchtet. Anschließend wird die Schicht durch Aufblasaen von Luft durch die Ablösedüsen 29 vom unteren Siebband 16 gelöst und mit Hilfe des Übergabevakuumkastens 29 auf das glatte, untere Band 30 übergeben. Dort wird die Schicht durch Sprühvorrichtung 22 auf der Oberseite befeuchtet und in der Hauptpresse 7 auf Plattendicke verdichtet. Dabei wird durch das glatte, untere Band 30 die Unterseite der Platte geglättet.In operation, the layer pre-compressed in the pre-press 5 is first moistened by the spray device 18 on the underside. The layer is then detached from the lower screen belt 16 by blowing air through the release nozzles 29 and transferred to the smooth lower belt 30 with the aid of the transfer vacuum box 29. There, the layer is moistened by spray device 22 on the upper side and compressed to plate thickness in the main press 7. The underside of the plate is smoothed by the smooth, lower band 30.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Eine Anlage des Beispiels 3 unterscheidet sich von der des Beispiels 2 darin, daß das untere Siebband 16, wie im Beispiel 1, bis durch die Hauptpresse 7 durchgeführt ist. Dementsprechend ist gegenüber der direkt vor der Hauptpresse 7 angeordneten, oberen Sprühvorrichtung 22 ein Vakuumkasten 24 mit Gebläse 23 angeordnet.A system of Example 3 differs from that of Example 2 in that the lower screen belt 16, as in Example 1, is carried out through the main press 7. Accordingly, a vacuum box 24 with a blower 23 is arranged opposite the upper spray device 22 arranged directly in front of the main press 7.

Die Anlage des Beispiels 3 unterscheidet sich von der des Beispiels 2 auch in der unteren Befeuchtungsvorrichtung. Die untere Befeuchtungsvorrichtung weist eine mit einer Dosiervorrichtung 31 versehene Wanne 32 auf. Oberhalb des in Förderrichtung vorderen und des hinteren Randes der Wanne 32 sind jeweils äußere Führungswalzen 33 angeordnet. Zwischen den äußeren Führungswalzen 33 erstreckt sich ein in Förderrichtung zweigeteilter Kasten 34 mit Luftöffnungen an seiner Unterseite, an dessen vorderer Hälfte ein Sauggebläse 35 und an dessen hinterer Hälfte ein Druckgebläse 36 angeschlossen ist. Die in die Wanne 32 ragende Unterseite des Kastens 34 ist als eine in Förderrichtung konkav gekrümmte Gleitfläche ausgebildet. Die Krümmung entspricht näherungsweise einem Radius von 5 bis 15 m. Wichtig ist dabei, daß die äußeren Führungswalzen 33 und der Kasten 34 so angeordnet sind, daß die Siebbänder 16, 25 in einem kleinen Winkel nach unten und wieder zurückgeführt werden.The system of example 3 also differs from that of example 2 in the lower moistening device. The lower moistening device has a trough 32 provided with a metering device 31. Outer guide rollers 33 are arranged above the front and rear edge of the tub 32 in the conveying direction. Extending between the outer guide rollers 33 is a box 34, which is divided in two in the conveying direction and has air openings on its underside, to whose front half a suction fan 35 and to the rear half of which a pressure fan 36 is connected. The underside of the box 34 projecting into the trough 32 is designed as a sliding surface which is concavely curved in the conveying direction. The curvature corresponds approximately to a radius of 5 to 15 m. It is important that the outer guide rollers 33 and the box 34 are arranged so that the sieve belts 16, 25 are led down and back at a small angle.

Das obere Siebband 25 ist hinter der Wanne 32 zurückgeführt. Das untere Siebband 16 ist an dieser Stelle über eine weitere Walze 37 geführt.The upper sieve belt 25 is returned behind the tub 32. At this point, the lower screen belt 16 is guided over a further roller 37.

Im Betrieb wird die in der Vorpresse 5 vorverdichtete Schicht so durch die Wanne 32 geführt, daß nur die Unterseite der Schicht benetzt wird. Von der Oberseite wird dabei in einer ersten Zone zunächst Luft aus der Schicht und den Siebbändern 16, 25 gesaugt und anschließend in einer zweiten Zone ein Uberdruck an die Oberseite der Schicht gelegt. Der Druck ist jeweils regelbar.In operation, the layer pre-compressed in the pre-press 5 is guided through the trough 32 such that only the underside of the layer is wetted. In this case, air is first sucked from the layer and the sieve belts 16, 25 from the top in a first zone and an overpressure is then applied to the top of the layer in a second zone. The pressure is adjustable.

In die Wanne 32 wird eine genau dosierte Wassermenge geleitet, die von der Schicht aufgenommen wird. Anschließend wird die Oberseite der Schicht durch die Spruhvorrichtungen 22 befeuchtet und schließlich die Schicht in der Hauptpresse 7 auf Plattendicke verdichtet.A precisely metered amount of water is passed into the tub 32 and is taken up by the layer. Subsequently, the top of the layer is moistened by the spraying devices 22 and finally the layer is compressed to plate thickness in the main press 7.

Beispiel 4Example 4

Bei der Anlage des Beispiels 4 sind das obere Siebband 6 und das untere Siebband 16 durch die vorpresse 5, in der die obere Sprühvorrichtung 22 angeordnet ist, die untere Befeuchtungsvorrichtung und die Hauptpresse 7 geführt. Dabei sind obere und untere Druckwalzen 38 der Vorpresse 5 mit Abstand zueinander angeordnet. Zwischen den oberen Druckwalzen 38 befinden sich Düsen 39 der oberen Sprühvorrichtung 22.In the installation of Example 4, the upper screen belt 6 and the lower screen belt 16 are passed through the pre-press 5, in which the upper spray device 22 is arranged, the lower moistening device and the main press 7. Upper and lower pressure rollers 38 of the pre-press 5 are arranged at a distance from one another. Nozzles 39 of the upper spray device 22 are located between the upper pressure rollers 38.

Die untere Befeuchtungsvorrichtung weist die im Beispiel 3 beschriebene, mit einer Dosiervorrichtung 31 versehene Wanne 32 auf. Zwischen den oberhalb der Ränder der Wanne 32 angeordneten äußeren Führungswalzen 33 sind abwechselnd Saug-/Druckkästen 40 und weitere Führungswalzen 41 hintereinander angeordnet. Die, in diesem Beispiel vier, Kästen 40 sind über Leitungen 42 mit dem Sauggebläse 35 und dem Druckgebläse 36 verbunden. In den Leitungen 42 befinden sich Ventile 43, so daß die Gebläse 35, 36 wahlweise auf die Kästen 40 geschaltet werden können und der jeweilige Luftdruck einstellbar ist.The lower moistening device has the tub 32 described in Example 3 and provided with a metering device 31. Suction / pressure boxes 40 and further guide rollers 41 are arranged in succession between the outer guide rollers 33 arranged above the edges of the tub 32. The, in this example four, boxes 40 are connected via lines 42 to the suction fan 35 and the pressure fan 36. Valves 43 are located in the lines 42, so that the blowers 35, 36 can optionally be switched to the boxes 40 and the respective air pressure is adjustable.

Die Führungswalzen 41 bilden eine, wie im Beispiel 3, in Förderrichtung konkav gekrümmte Gleitfläche, entlang der das obere und das untere Siebband 25, 16 durch die Wanne 32 geführt sind. Die Eintauchtiefe des unteren Siebbandes 16 entspricht größenordnungsmäßig der Schichtdicke.The guide rollers 41 form a sliding surface which is concavely curved in the conveying direction, as in example 3, along which the upper and the lower screen belt 25, 16 are guided through the trough 32. The immersion depth of the lower sieve belt 16 corresponds in magnitude to the layer thickness.

Die Ausdehnung der Wanne 32 in Förderrichtung entspricht etwa der der Hauptpresse 7, z.B. 3 bis 5 m. Sie ist auf beiden Seiten um etwa 25 cm breiter als die Schicht. Ihre Tiefe betragt etwa das 10-Fache der Plattendicke.The extent of the trough 32 in the conveying direction corresponds approximately to that of the main press 7, for example 3 to 5 m. It is about 25 cm wider than the layer on both sides. Their depth is about 10 times the plate thickness.

Unterhalb des unteren Siebbandes 16 sind an der Wanne 32 sich in Förderrichtung erstreckende Leitvorrichtungen 44, 45 mit senkrechten und waagerechten Leitflächen angeordnet.Below the lower sieve belt 16 are arranged on the trough 32 extending in the conveying direction guide devices 44, 45 with vertical and horizontal guide surfaces.

Das untere Siebband 16 ist breiter als das obere Siebband 6 (bzw. obere Siebband 25, Beispiel 3). Seine seitlichen Ränder sind mit elastischem Kunststoff 46 abgedichtet. Die Abdeckung ragt auf beiden Seiten um 5 cm in den Bereich der vorverdichteten Schicht hinein. Außerdem ist das untere Siebband 16 in der Wanne 32 an seinen Rändern über Rollen 47 geführt. Die Rollen 47 sind so angeordnet, daß die Ränder des unteren Siebbandes 16 hochgebogen sind.The lower sieve belt 16 is wider than the upper sieve belt 6 (or upper sieve belt 25, example 3). Its side edges are sealed with elastic plastic 46. The cover protrudes 5 cm on both sides into the area of the pre-compacted layer. In addition, the lower screen belt 16 is guided in the tub 32 at its edges via rollers 47. The rollers 47 are arranged so that the edges of the lower screen belt 16 are bent up.

Die Wanne 32 ist an ihrem vorderen Ende mit einen Einlauf 48 versehen. Der Einlauf 48 ist in der Art eines Diffusors mit einem sich über die gesamte Breite der Wanne erstreckenden Uberlauf ausgebildet (nicht dargestellt). Die Dosierpumpe 31 ist über einen Durchflußmesser 49 an den Einlauf 48 angeschlossen.The tub 32 is provided with an inlet 48 at its front end. The inlet 48 is designed in the manner of a diffuser with an overflow extending over the entire width of the trough (not shown). The metering pump 31 is connected to the inlet 48 via a flow meter 49.

Im Betrieb wird die gestreute Schicht in der Vorpresse 7 abwechselnd durch die Druckwalzen 38 verdichtet und im Bereich zwischen den Druckwalzen 38 besprüht. Dabei führt die Rückfederung der Schicht bei Entlastung zwischen den Druckwalzen 38 zu einem verstärkten Ansaugen des Wassers in die Schicht.In operation, the scattered layer in the pre-press 7 is alternately compressed by the pressure rollers 38 and sprayed in the area between the pressure rollers 38. The springback of the layer leads to an increased suction of the water into the layer when the pressure between the pressure rollers 38 is relieved.

Anschließend wird die vorverdichtete zwischen den Siebbandern 16, 25 angeordnete Schicht so durch ein Wasserbad, und zwar durch die dosiert mit Wasser beschickte Wanne 32 geführt, daß nur die Unterseite der Schicht benetzt wird. Dies wird durch die mit Kunststoff 46 abgedichteten, hochgezogenen Rander des unteren Siebbandes 16 sichergestellt. Die Schicht wird in kleinem Winkel, z.B. 1 bis 10°, in das Wasserbad und wieder zurückgeführt. Sie nimmt durch den beschriebenen selbstregulierenden Mechanismus genau die zudosierte Wassermenge auf.The precompressed layer arranged between the sieve belts 16, 25 is then passed through a water bath, specifically through the trough 32 supplied with water, so that only the underside of the layer is wetted. This is ensured by the raised edges of the lower sieve belt 16 sealed with plastic 46. The layer is applied at a small angle, e.g. 1 to 10 °, in the water bath and returned. Thanks to the self-regulating mechanism described, it absorbs exactly the amount of water added.

In diesem Beispiel wird die Schicht durch die Fuhrungswalzen 28, 41 abwechselnd belastet und entlastet.In this example, the layer is alternately loaded and unloaded by the guide rollers 28, 41.

Das Rückfedern der Schicht zwischen den Führungswalzen 28, 41 verstärkt, wie bei der oberen Sprühvorrichtung 22 dieses Beispiels, das Befeuchten der Schicht durch Ansaugen des Wassers. Dieses Rückfedern der Schicht während des Befeuchtens kann auch erzielt werden, indem die Schicht im Wasserbad entlang einer gekrümmten Fläche führt, deren Radius sich stetig vergrößert.The spring back of the layer between the guide rollers 28, 41, as in the upper spray device 22 of this example, increases the moistening of the layer by suction of the water. This resilience of the layer during moistening can also be achieved by running the layer in a water bath along a curved surface, the radius of which is constantly increasing.

Durch die Saug/-Druckkästen 40 zwischen den Führungswalzen wird zunächst in einer ersten Zone aus der Schicht Luft angesaugt, um die Luft aus der Schicht und vor allem dem unteren Siebband 16 zu entfernen. Bei den hinteren Kästen wird dann in einer zweiten Zone ein gewisser Luftdruck von oben auf die durch das Wasserbad geführte Schicht gegeben. Dieser aufgegebene Luftdruck wirkt der ungleichmäßigen Befeuchtung von Bereichen verschiedener Dichte in der Schicht entgegen. Die Kästen 40 können auch so betrieben werden, daß abwechselnd durch einen Kasten 40 in einer Zone Luft angesaugt und durch den nächsten in der folgenden Zone Luft aufgegeben wird, wobei im ersten Kasten 40, d.h. in der ersten Zone, immer Luft angesaugt wird.Air is first sucked in from the layer in a first zone through the suction / pressure boxes 40 between the guide rollers in order to remove the air from the layer and above all the lower wire belt 16. In the rear boxes, a certain air pressure is then applied from above to the layer led through the water bath in a second zone. This applied air pressure counteracts the uneven moistening of areas of different densities in the layer. The boxes 40 can also be operated in such a way that air is alternately sucked in through one box 40 in one zone and air is given in through the next in the following zone, with the first box 40, i.e. in the first zone, air is always sucked in.

Bei einer Anlage mit einer Produktionsbreite von 2.500 mm und einer Bandgeschwindigkeit von 15 m/min werden jedem der Mischer 1a und 1b folgende Mengen dosiert: Gips-Halbhydrat (Stuckgips; 5,9 % H2O) 10.500 kg/h Gips-Dihydrat (gemahlen) 50 kg/h Papierfasern (Trockengewicht) 2.000 kg/h Wasser (in den Papierfasern enthalten) 2.800 kg/h In a system with a production width of 2,500 mm and a belt speed of 15 m / min, each of the mixers 1a and 1b are dosed with the following quantities: Gypsum hemihydrate (stucco; 5.9% H2O) 10,500 kg / h Gypsum dihydrate (ground) 50 kg / h Paper fibers (dry weight) 2,000 kg / h Water (contained in the paper fibers) 2,800 kg / h

Die mit Wasser getränkten Papierfasern sind in der Papieraufbereitungsvorrichtung 15 hergestellt. Die 30.700 kg/h der Mischung aus Gips, Fasern und Wasser, wobei die Wassermenge etwa 22 % der Trockenmasse beträgt, wird in dreh Lagen gestreut. Die Streuhöhe beträgt etwa 45 mm. Die Schicht wird in der Vorpresse 5 auf eine Dicke von 11,5 mm, d.h. etwa 112 % der Plattendicke, vorverdichtet. Sie federt auf 15 mm zurück. Beim Vorverdichten wird von oben 2.400 l/h Wasser gesprüht. In der Wanne 32 nimmt die Schicht von unten ebenfalls 2.400 l/h Wasser auf.The paper fibers impregnated with water are produced in the paper preparation device 15. The 30,700 kg / h of the mixture of gypsum, fibers and water, the amount of water being about 22% of the dry matter, is scattered in rotating layers. The spreading height is about 45 mm. The layer is pre-compressed in the pre-press 5 to a thickness of 11.5 mm, ie approximately 112% of the plate thickness. It springs back to 15 mm. During pre-compression, 2,400 l / h water is sprayed from above. In the tub 32, the layer also absorbs 2,400 l / h of water from below.

Beim Befeuchten wird daher eine Wassermenge von 19 % der Trockenmasse zugeführt. Damit betragt die insgesamt zugeführte Wassermenge etwa 41 % der Trockenmasse und etwa das 3-Fache der stöchiometrischen Wassermenge.When moistening, a quantity of water of 19% of the dry matter is therefore added. The total amount of water supplied is about 41% of the dry matter and about 3 times the stoichiometric amount of water.

In der Hauptpresse 7 wird die Schicht auf eine Plattendicke von 10,3 mm verdichtet. Nach dem Abbinden enthält die Rohplatte noch 14,2 % Restfeuchte. Nach dem Trocknen erhält man eine Platte mit einer Dichte von 1.170 kg/m3 und einer Biegefestigkeit von 9,2 N/mm.In the main press 7, the layer is compressed to a plate thickness of 10.3 mm. After setting, the raw board still contains 14.2% residual moisture. After drying, a plate with a density of 1,170 kg / m3 and a bending strength of 9.2 N / mm is obtained.

Claims (12)

  1. Method for the production of plaster boards according to a semi dry method, at least one layer of a mixture of plaster, fibres and water being scattered on a continuously moving belt and the scattered layer being compressed, moistened on both sides one after the other and compressed again, characterised in that the scattered layer is precompressed to 110 to 180%, preferably 110 to 150% of the board thickness, is moistened during the pre-compression or directly thereafter and finally is compressed to the board thickness.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that a mixture with a quantity of water of 15 to 27%, preferably with 18 to 24% of the dry mass is scattered and at the time of moistening, a quantity of water of 10 to 30%, preferably 15 to 25% of the dry mass is added, the entire quantity of water amounting to 35 to 45% of the dry mass.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that during pre-compression, the upper side and after pre-compression, the lower side of the layer is moistened.
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, the moistening of one or both sides of the layer taking place by spraying, characterised in that the quantity of water supplied is regulated by measuring the difference of the quantity of water supplied and the quantity of water running off.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the layer is guided through a water bath, the layer being guided into the water bath and being returned at a small angle and solely the under side of the layer being wetted and the quantity of water for moistening the under side being supplied to the water bath in a dosed manner.
  6. Method according to Claim 5, characterised in that reduced pressure or excess pressure is applied to the upper side of the layer in at least one area.
  7. Installation for carrying out a method according to Claim 1, with a mixing device for producing a mixture of plaster, fibres and water, with a scattering device for scattering the mixture in one or more layers on a forming belt, with a preliminary press, through which the forming belt is guided, with an upper and a lower moistening device, the lower moistening device being located in the conveying direction directly behind the preliminary press, with an upper screen belt, which is guided through the preliminary press and the lower moistening device and with a main press located behind the moistening devices, characterised in that located above the forming belt (3) is a lower screen belt (16), the forming belt (3) is guided back behind the preliminary press (5) and the lower screen belt (16) extends as far as at least above the lower moistening device (18, 32).
  8. Installation according to Claim 7, characterised in that the preliminary press (5) comprises upper and lower pressure rollers (38) arranged at a distance apart and the upper moistening device comprises a spray device (22), nozzles (39) of the spray device (22) being located between the upper pressure rollers (38).
  9. Installation according to Claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the lower moistening device comprises a trough (32) and guides for guiding the upper and the lower screen belt through the trough (32) and edges of the lower screen belt (16) are raised up and impermeable to water.
  10. Installation according to Claim 9, characterised in that located above the trough (32) is a suction/pressure box (34), possibly in several parts, the under side of the suction/pressure box (34) forming a sliding surface curved in a concave manner in the conveying direction.
  11. Installation according to Claim 9, characterised in that above the trough (32), suction/pressure boxes (40) and guide rollers (41) are arranged alternately one behind the other, the guide rollers (41) forming a sliding surface curved in a concave manner in the conveying direction.
  12. Installation according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the depth of the trough (32) is a multiple of the board thickness and the trough (32) comprises guide devices (44, 45).
EP92918928A 1991-09-05 1992-09-04 Process and plant for producing staff slabs by a mixed method Expired - Lifetime EP0602134B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4129466A DE4129466A1 (en) 1991-09-05 1991-09-05 METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLASTER PANELS AFTER A SEMI-DRYING PROCESS
DE4129466 1991-09-05
PCT/EP1992/002055 WO1993004830A1 (en) 1991-09-05 1992-09-04 Process and plant for producing staff slabs by a mixed method

Publications (2)

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EP0602134A1 EP0602134A1 (en) 1994-06-22
EP0602134B1 true EP0602134B1 (en) 1995-02-15

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US (1) US5531946A (en)
EP (1) EP0602134B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06510246A (en)
CA (1) CA2116969A1 (en)
DE (2) DE4129466A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2072155T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3015865T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1993004830A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4129466A1 (en) * 1991-09-05 1993-03-11 Bold Joerg METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLASTER PANELS AFTER A SEMI-DRYING PROCESS
EP0695612A1 (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-02-07 Raimund Rimmele Method and device for treating clay for making bricks
CA2197696C (en) * 1996-02-14 2001-05-15 Werner Froese Apparatus for producing wood-based pressed board
DE19847814B4 (en) 1998-10-16 2007-10-18 Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg Process and plant for the production of press plates
US6197235B1 (en) * 1999-02-09 2001-03-06 United States Gypsum Company Method of manufacture for textured surface panels and panel products made therefrom
WO2014207098A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 Knauf Gips Kg Process for producing a gypsum fiber board
EP3247542B1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2021-02-03 Knauf Gips KG Method for producing gypsum fiber boards
DE102018218512B4 (en) * 2018-10-29 2021-11-11 James Hardie Europe Gmbh Method and device for producing a plasterboard

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CH239713A (en) * 1942-06-18 1945-11-15 Algemeene Kunstvezel Mij Nv Method and device for the production of plate-shaped insulating bodies from glass fibers or other mineral fibers.
DE1784657B2 (en) * 1968-09-02 1977-12-01 Ferma International Entwicklungswerk Fuer Rationelle Fertigbaumethoden Und Maschinenanlagen Gmbh & Co Kg, 7516 Karlsbad Process for the continuous production of moldings, in particular panels, from plaster of paris and fibers
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EP0153588B2 (en) * 1984-02-10 1994-04-20 BABCOCK-BSH AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT vormals Büttner-Schilde-Haas AG Method for the continuous production of shaped articles, in particular slabs, from a mix of plaster of Paris, and fibre materials as well as a device for carrying out the method
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DE4129466A1 (en) * 1991-09-05 1993-03-11 Bold Joerg METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLASTER PANELS AFTER A SEMI-DRYING PROCESS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2116969A1 (en) 1993-03-18
WO1993004830A1 (en) 1993-03-18
ES2072155T3 (en) 1995-07-01
GR3015865T3 (en) 1995-07-31
DE4129466A1 (en) 1993-03-11
EP0602134A1 (en) 1994-06-22
US5531946A (en) 1996-07-02
DE59201425D1 (en) 1995-03-23
JPH06510246A (en) 1994-11-17

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