EP0599095A1 - Crankcase ventilation device for an internal combustion engine with V-shaped arranged cylinders - Google Patents

Crankcase ventilation device for an internal combustion engine with V-shaped arranged cylinders Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0599095A1
EP0599095A1 EP93117700A EP93117700A EP0599095A1 EP 0599095 A1 EP0599095 A1 EP 0599095A1 EP 93117700 A EP93117700 A EP 93117700A EP 93117700 A EP93117700 A EP 93117700A EP 0599095 A1 EP0599095 A1 EP 0599095A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
crankcase
resonance chamber
internal combustion
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93117700A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0599095B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Volz
Peter Werner
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Adam Opel GmbH
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Adam Opel GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0599095A1 publication Critical patent/EP0599095A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/02—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure
    • F01M13/021—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure of negative pressure
    • F01M13/022—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure of negative pressure using engine inlet suction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/22—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders in V, fan, or star arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1824—Number of cylinders six
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/06—Casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for venting the crankcase of an internal combustion engine with V-shaped cylinders, in which a space located between the two cylinder banks is designed as a resonance chamber and in which oil return channels are provided both at the front and at the rear end region of the crankcase a space containing the valve train of the cylinder heads are connected.
  • a device of this type is described with DE-PS 34 14 710, in which between the front end of the cylinder block and the foremost cylinder of one cylinder bank and between the rear end of the cylinder block and the rear cylinder of the other compared to the first axially offset cylinder bank each an oil return duct is provided which connects the space formed between the cylinder head and the valve cover and the crankcase chamber and in which a resonance chamber is provided between the first and the second row of cylinders, which is connected to an intake system of the internal combustion engine and to the oil return ducts.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for venting the crankcase of an internal combustion engine of the type described above, in which in addition to a sufficient cross-section for oil return and a damping of the pressure fluctuations in the crankcase gas is largely ensured that no components from the crankcase gas, in particular from the blow -by, are absorbed by the oil and thus prevent the oil from aging too quickly.
  • this object is achieved in that the oil returning from the cylinder heads into an oil pan is guided both at the front and at the rear front of the internal combustion engine in channels which end below the oil level in the oil sump, with at least the channels guided on a front are in communication with the resonance chamber, the crank chambers of the individual cylinders have openings to the resonance chamber between the cylinder banks, above the resonance chamber and in Adjacent openings are arranged in the upper region of the crankcase, above which there is an oil separator, the upper region of which is connected to the mixture preparation system of the internal combustion engine by means of a line for ventilation.
  • only the channels located on the rear front of the internal combustion engine are connected to the resonance chamber.
  • connection of the rear channels is preferably carried out by a transverse channel between a left and a right channel leading from the respective cylinder heads to the crankcase, the transverse channel being connected to the resonance chamber.
  • a pressure relief valve can be provided in the vent line.
  • the breather line can also be designed with two lines, in that one line of flow leads from the oil separator to the intake pipe at one point in terms of flow in front of a throttle valve provided for regulating the internal combustion engine, and a second line of leads starting from a throttle opening on the oil separator to the intake pipe leads to a point in flow behind the throttle valve.
  • the ventilation according to the invention can also be supplemented with a ventilation line which leads from a point of relatively higher pressure in the clean air area on the intake system to the crankcase.
  • the oil separator preferably consists of a box-shaped housing which is thermally conductively connected to the crankcase, the volume of which corresponds at least to the displacement volume of the cylinders of a crankcase chamber, with gas inlet openings on the bottom and gas paths emanating from them, in which baffles deflecting the gas flow are arranged, the baffles being inclined towards the gas flow towards the bottom and one in the bottom below the baffles Opening leads to the crankcase.
  • the greatest oil requirement in the area of the valve train is in the cylinder heads.
  • This oil requirement is covered by one or more oil pumps which deliver the oil from an oil sump in the oil pan to the lubrication points of the internal combustion engine, in particular to those of the valve train. After completing its lubrication and cooling tasks, this oil flows back into the oil sump through the relatively wide channels arranged on the front and rear front of the internal combustion engine, the openings of these channels in the oil sump lying below the oil level. Another part of the oil is needed to lubricate the crank mechanism in the crankcase. There it comes into contact with the moving parts of the crank mechanism to a high degree and is partially atomized by them.
  • the gases in the crankcase which pulsate strongly as a result of the piston movements in the cylinders, support this atomization of the oil and lead to the formation of an oil mist in the crankcase after prolonged operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • oil mist In addition to this oil mist are the blow-by-fluids that inevitably penetrate between the cylinder wall and the piston, which carry components of the engine combustion process and contaminate the engine oil. Oil mist and blow-by together form the crankcase gas. It is crucial for the aging of the oil to let the smallest possible amount of oil come into contact with the crankcase gases.
  • the oil contained in the crankcase gas should be returned to the oil reservoir in the oil pan as cleanly as possible.
  • the blow-by fluids should be removed as completely as possible from the crankcase, before they are deposited as condensate and can contaminate the oil. Since the blow-by fluids are also harmful to health, they cannot be released into the open air, but are fed to the engine combustion via the intake system. This quantity of gas must not have a negative influence on the treatment behavior of the fuel-air treatment system, ie the vibrations coming from the crankcase should not have an effect on the intake system via a device for ventilation.
  • the invention keeps most of the oil away from the crankcase gases by introducing the oil flowing out of the cylinder heads below the oil level into the oil reservoir of the oil pan. In this way, no crankcase gas can flow in countercurrent to the oil, since the oil level in the oil pan covers the mouths of the channels against the ingress of gas.
  • oil mist Only in the channels on the rear front of the engine, in addition to the oil flowing back, is oil mist also used, namely to vent the cylinder heads into the resonance chamber between the cylinder banks.
  • this oil mist component is relatively free of blow-by, so that the oil cannot be contaminated as a result.
  • the resonance chamber is connected to the cylinder chambers via openings, the pulsations of the crankcase gas triggered by the pistons in the cylinders can largely be compensated for. However, pressure non-uniformities remain. These are further smoothed out by the spaces inside the cylinder heads, which act as Helmholtz resonators, and which pass through the channels for oil return and ventilation with the resonance space are connected.
  • the volume of the oil separator acts as a further Helmholtz resonator, which can be tuned well to the real vibration behavior. Its volume should at least correspond to the displacement volume of the cylinders of a crank chamber.
  • the ventilation line can be equipped with a pressure relief valve known per se. This can result in an oil loss via the ventilation system under extreme loads Internal combustion engine can be prevented.
  • a pressure relief valve known per se.
  • the device according to the invention can also be provided with a device for ventilation of the crankcase, which is known per se, in which a ventilation line is led from the clean air area of the intake system into the crankcase at a suitable point.
  • the oil components in suspension are also separated from the ventilation gas.
  • the heat-conducting connection of the oil separator to the crankcase ensures that no condensation can form inside the oil separator.
  • the vaporous constituents contained in the crankcase gas which are preferably formed by blow-by, are sucked off via the ventilation device. Moisture residues such. B. can be entered when changing the oil or crankcase ventilation, removed from the crankcase.
  • a separator working with deflection paths and baffles is proposed, which is also able to separate the floating oil particles in the event of a residual pulsation of the gas stream to be cleaned, by depositing them on the baffle surfaces.
  • the precipitated oil runs under the influence of gravity from the inclined baffles and through a floor opening in the oil separator housing back into the oil sump.
  • the volume of the oil separator also acts as a Helmholtz resonator on the resonance chamber.
  • An internal combustion engine 1 with V-shaped cylinders essentially consists of a crankcase 2, in which the crank mechanism for converting the oscillating movements of the pistons into a rotary movement is arranged, the two cylinder banks 3 and 4, in which the cylinders with the ones sliding therein Pistons are located on the cylinder banks 3 and 4 cylinder heads 5 and 6 with the gas exchange control elements such as camshafts, tappets, valves and the like.
  • the oil from the oil pan 7 is conveyed by one or more oil pumps to the moving parts of the internal combustion engine 1 in order to lubricate and partially cool them.
  • the crankcase 2 between the two cylinder banks 3 and 4 there is a resonance chamber 18, which is included in a casting which forms the crankcase 2 and which extends over the entire length of the internal combustion engine 1 extends.
  • the resonance chamber 18 is connected to the interior of the crankcase 2 through openings 19, specifically at each of the cylinder regions.
  • the channel 13 starts, which leads to a transverse channel 20, which connects the channel 9 to the channel 12 on a front side of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the channels 9 to 13 and the transverse channel 20 have relatively large cross sections.
  • the interior of the cylinder heads 5, 6 are also connected to the interior of the crankcase 2 through ventilation openings 21 (see FIGS. 2 and 5).
  • An opening 22 is provided in the upper region of the resonance chamber 18, above which an oil separator 23 is arranged.
  • the oil separator 23 is connected to the upper region of the crankcase 2 by a further opening 31.
  • the oil separator 23 is preferably firmly connected to the crankcase 2, advantageously formed by the same casting.
  • the volume of the oil separator 23 corresponds at least to the displacement volume of the cylinders of a crankcase chamber. This volume can thus act very effectively in the manner of a Helmholtz resonator in damping the gas vibrations.
  • the oil separator 23 consists of a box-shaped housing 24, in which baffles 25 are arranged so that the gas flow rising from the resonance chamber 18 via the opening 22 is deflected several times, the baffles 25 tending to free drip edges. Oil particles entrained in the gas flow impinge on the baffle surfaces 25, are deposited there and flow as an adherent film to drip edges at the lower boundaries of the baffle surfaces 25. The dripping oil returns to the crankcase 2 via the opening 31.
  • the oil separator 23 On the upper side of the oil separator 23 there is at least one line 26 which leads to the mixture preparation system 8.
  • a pressure limiting valve 27 can be included in the line 26, which does not allow the negative pressure inside the internal combustion engine 1 to rise above a predetermined value, regardless of the pressure in the mixture processing system 8.
  • this structurally predetermined internal pressure can also be achieved in a manner known per se by the arrangement of two lines 26 and 26 ', the line 26 with its larger cross section in front of a throttle element 28 of the mixture processing system 8 and the line 26' with a smaller cross section behind it Throttle body 28 leads (Figure 2 and Figure 7).
  • known measures can also be taken to reduce the loading of the crankcase gas with oil, such as an oil slicer 29 above the oil level 17 in the oil pan 7 (FIG. 6).
  • the device according to the invention for venting the crankcase 2 can also be combined with a crankcase ventilation, in that a ventilation line 30 is led to the crankcase 2 from the clean air side of the mixture preparation system 8, specifically from a location higher than that of the connection points of the line 26.
  • the device according to the invention it is possible to keep the oil in the internal combustion engine 1 as far as possible from contact with the aggressive blow-by which promotes oil aging.
  • the largest proportion of the oil circulating in the internal combustion engine 1 flows through the cylinder heads 5 and 6. From the cylinder heads 5 and 6, the oil flows in the channels 9, 10, 11 and 12 and over the cross channel 20 back. Their mouths 14, 15 and 16 are below the oil level 17 in the oil pan 7. As a result, no gas can rise upwards in these channels 9, 10, 11, 12 in countercurrent to the oil. The pollutants are not washed out of the gas by the oil within the channels 9, 10, 11 and 12.
  • the gas located in the crankcase 2 is rather connected via the ventilation openings 21 to the spaces of the two cylinder heads 5 and 6 and via the openings 19 to the resonance chamber 18.
  • the gas in the crankcase 2 is excited to vibrate by the piston movements.
  • the resonance chamber 18, which extends over the entire length of the internal combustion engine 1 and which is connected through the openings 19 to the volume of the crankcase 2, can be designed acoustically so that the gas vibrations excited by the individual cylinders overlap so that their Maximum values are deleted.
  • the opening 22 at the top of the resonance chamber 18 is provided where the most balanced pressure behavior of the gases is present.
  • the device in extreme conditions, can also be supplemented with crankcase ventilation, in which the ventilation line 30 leads fresh air into the interior of the crankcase 2, which is then in a manner known per se capable of absorbing vaporous media and via the To transport ventilation from the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the venting takes place via line 26 or lines 26 and 26 ', with suitable measures, e.g. B. the pressure relief valve 27 is ensured that no oil can be sucked out of the oil separator 23.
  • the oil that precipitates in the oil separator 23 can thus flow back relatively free of pollutants through the channel 13, the transverse channel 20 and the channel 12 into the oil pan 7.
  • the contact area of the oil with the blow-by is greatly reduced by the invention.
  • This can be further supported by the use of an oil slicer 29, since this reduces the amount of spray oil close to the crank mechanism.
  • the invention significantly extends the original oil quality and thus also the oil change periods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for ventilating the crankcase (2) of an internal combustion engine (1) with cylinders arranged in a V shape, in which device a resonance chamber (18) is provided between the banks (3, 4) of cylinders. The channels (9, 10, 11, 12, 13) for feeding back the oil from the cylinder heads (5, 6) are separated from the crankcase gas by virtue of their mouths lying below the level (17) of oil in the oil sump (7). Thus, the blow-by cannot be washed out by the oil in the countercurrent inside the channels (9 to 13). By means of openings (21) the spaces of the cylinder heads (5, 6) are connected to the crankcase (2). The resonance chamber (18) is connected to the individual chambers of the crankcase (2) via openings (19). An oil separator (23) is located above the resonance chamber (18), the volume of the said oil separator (23) being connected via openings (22 and 31) to the resonance chamber (18) and to the crankcase (2). In this way, the spaces of the cylinder heads (5, 6) and the volume of the oil separator (23) act as Helmholtz resonators and smooth, together with the volume of the resonance chamber (18), the gas pulsations, prevailing in the crankcase (2), in the ventilation line (26) to the mixture preparing system (8). In addition to the damping of the gas oscillations, the particularly non-stressing treatment of the oil is a particular advantage. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Entlüftung des Kurbelgehäuses einer Brennkraftmaschine mit V-förmig angeordneten Zylindern, bei welcher ein zwischen den beiden Zylinderbänken befindlicher Raum als Resonanzraum ausgebildet ist und bei der sowohl am vorderen als auch am hinteren Endbereich des Kurbelgehäuses Ölrückführkanäle vorgesehen sind, die mit einem den Ventiltrieb enthaltenden Raum der Zylinderköpfe verbunden sind.The invention relates to a device for venting the crankcase of an internal combustion engine with V-shaped cylinders, in which a space located between the two cylinder banks is designed as a resonance chamber and in which oil return channels are provided both at the front and at the rear end region of the crankcase a space containing the valve train of the cylinder heads are connected.

Eine Vorrichtung dieser Art ist mit DE-PS 34 14 710 beschrieben, bei welcher zwischen der vorderen Stirnseite des Zylinderblockes und dem vordersten Zylinder der einen Zylinderreihe sowie zwischen der hinteren Stirnseite des Zylinderblockes und dem hinteren Zylinder der anderen gegenüber der ersten axial versetzt angeordneten Zylinderreihe je ein Ölrückführkanal vorgesehen ist, der den zwischen dem Zylinderkopf und der Ventilabdeckung gebildeten Raum und den Kurbelgehäuseraum verbindet und bei welcher zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Zylinderreihe eine Resonanzkammer vorgesehen ist, die mit einem Ansaugsystem der Brennkraftmaschine und mit den Ölrückführkanälen verbunden ist.A device of this type is described with DE-PS 34 14 710, in which between the front end of the cylinder block and the foremost cylinder of one cylinder bank and between the rear end of the cylinder block and the rear cylinder of the other compared to the first axially offset cylinder bank each an oil return duct is provided which connects the space formed between the cylinder head and the valve cover and the crankcase chamber and in which a resonance chamber is provided between the first and the second row of cylinders, which is connected to an intake system of the internal combustion engine and to the oil return ducts.

Bei dieser Entlüftungsvorrichtung gelingt es zwar, die Ölrückführkanäle mit einem weiten Querschnitt auszuführen und auch die dem Kurbelgehäuse infolge der Kolbenbewegungen entstehenden Druckschwankungen der dort befindlichen Gase zu dämpfen, so daß diese Druckschwankungen sich nicht störend auf die Gassäule im Ansaugsystem übertragen können. Nachteilig ist jedoch, daß dem in den Ölrückführkanälen aus den Zylinderköpfen zurückfließenden Öl das Blow-by zusammen mit dem sonstigen Kurbelgehäusegasen pulsierend im Rhythmus der von den Kolben aufgezwungenen Druckschwankungen entgegenströmt. Dabei nimmt das Öl zwangsläufig einen erheblichen Anteil der schädlichen Bestandteile des Blow-by auf mit der Folge, daß das Öl schneller altert und dadurch seine Schmierfunktion nur über eine kürzere Zeit als sonst möglich ausüben kann. Im Gegenzug dazu werden von den abziehenden Kurbelgehäusegasen Öltröpfchen mitgenommen, die sich später nur unvollkommen abscheiden und so über das Ansaugsystem der Brennkraftmaschine in deren Brennräume gelangen und verbrennen. Dies erhöht den Ölverbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine.With this ventilation device it is possible to design the oil return channels with a wide cross-section and also those of the crankcase as a result of the piston movements to dampen the resulting pressure fluctuations of the gases located there, so that these pressure fluctuations cannot be disruptively transferred to the gas column in the intake system. It is disadvantageous, however, that the oil flowing back from the cylinder heads in the oil return ducts, the blow-by, together with the other crankcase gases, flows in a pulsating manner to the rhythm of the pressure fluctuations imposed by the pistons. The oil inevitably absorbs a significant proportion of the harmful components of the blow-by, with the result that the oil ages faster and can therefore only perform its lubricating function for a shorter time than is otherwise possible. In return, oil droplets are taken away from the exhausting crankcase gases, which later separate only imperfectly and thus enter and burn in the combustion chambers via the intake system of the internal combustion engine. This increases the oil consumption of the internal combustion engine.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zur Entlüftung des Kurbelgehäuse einer Brennkraftmaschine der vorbeschriebenen Art zu schaffen, bei welcher neben einem ausreichenden Querschnitt zur Ölrückführung und einer Dämpfung der Druckschwankungen im Kurbelgehäusegas weitestgehend gesichert wird, daß keine Bestandteile aus dem Kurbelgehäusegas, insbesondere aus dem Blow-by, vom Öl aufgenommen werden und damit einer zu schnellen Alterung des Öls vorgebeugt wird.The object of the invention is to provide a device for venting the crankcase of an internal combustion engine of the type described above, in which in addition to a sufficient cross-section for oil return and a damping of the pressure fluctuations in the crankcase gas is largely ensured that no components from the crankcase gas, in particular from the blow -by, are absorbed by the oil and thus prevent the oil from aging too quickly.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß das aus den Zylinderköpfen in eine Ölwanne zurücklaufende Öl sowohl an der vorderen als auch an der hinteren Front der Brennkraftmaschine in Kanälen geführt ist, die unterhalb des Ölspiegels im Ölsumpf enden, wobei mindestens die an einer Front geführten Kanäle mit dem Resonanzraum in Verbindung stehen, die Kurbelräume der einzelnen Zylinder Öffnungen zu dem Resonanzraum zwischen den Zylinderbänken aufweisen, oberhalb des Resonanzraumes sowie im oberen Bereich des Kurbelgehäuses benachbarte Öffnungen angeordnet sind, über denen sich ein Ölabscheider befindet, dessen oberer Bereich mittels einer Leitung zur Entlüftung mit dem Gemischaufbereitungssystem der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden ist.According to the invention this object is achieved in that the oil returning from the cylinder heads into an oil pan is guided both at the front and at the rear front of the internal combustion engine in channels which end below the oil level in the oil sump, with at least the channels guided on a front are in communication with the resonance chamber, the crank chambers of the individual cylinders have openings to the resonance chamber between the cylinder banks, above the resonance chamber and in Adjacent openings are arranged in the upper region of the crankcase, above which there is an oil separator, the upper region of which is connected to the mixture preparation system of the internal combustion engine by means of a line for ventilation.

Vorzugsweise sind allein die an der hinteren Front der Brennkraftmaschine befindlichen Kanäle an den Resonanzraum angebunden.Preferably, only the channels located on the rear front of the internal combustion engine are connected to the resonance chamber.

Die Anbindung der hinteren Kanäle erfolgt vorzugsweise durch einen Querkanal zwischen einem linken und einem rechten von den jeweiligen Zylinderköpfen zum Kurbelgehäuse führenden Kanal, wobei der Querkanal mit dem Resonanzraum in Verbindung steht.The connection of the rear channels is preferably carried out by a transverse channel between a left and a right channel leading from the respective cylinder heads to the crankcase, the transverse channel being connected to the resonance chamber.

Vom Querkanal aus kann auch nur ein Kanal zu einer Mündung unterhalb des Ölspiegels in der Ölwanne führen.From the transverse channel, only one channel can lead to a mouth below the oil level in the oil pan.

In der Entlüftungsleitung kann, wie an sich bekannt, ein Druckbegrenzungsventil vorgesehen sein.As is known per se, a pressure relief valve can be provided in the vent line.

Die Entlüftungsleitung kann auch zweiflutig ausgeführt sein, indem ein Leitungszug vom Ölabscheider zum Ansaugrohr an eine Stelle strömungsmäßig vor einer für die Regelung der Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehenen Drosselklappe und ein zweiter Leitungszug beginnend von einer Drosselöffnung am Ölabscheider zum Ansaugrohr an eine Stelle strömungsmäßig nach der Drosselklappe führt.The breather line can also be designed with two lines, in that one line of flow leads from the oil separator to the intake pipe at one point in terms of flow in front of a throttle valve provided for regulating the internal combustion engine, and a second line of leads starting from a throttle opening on the oil separator to the intake pipe leads to a point in flow behind the throttle valve.

Die erfindungsgemäße Entlüftung kann auch mit einer Belüftungsleitung ergänzt sein, welche von einer Stelle relativ höheren Druckes des Reinluftbereichs am Ansaugsystem zum Kurbelgehäuse führt.The ventilation according to the invention can also be supplemented with a ventilation line which leads from a point of relatively higher pressure in the clean air area on the intake system to the crankcase.

Der Ölabscheider besteht vorzugsweise aus einem mit dem Kurbelgehäuse wärmeleitend verbundenen kastenförmigen Gehäuse, dessen Volumen mindestens dem Verdrängungsvolumen der Zylinder einer Kurbelgehäusekammer entspricht, mit am Boden befindlichen Gaseintrittsöffnungen und von diesen ausgehenden Gaswegen, in welche den Gasstrom umlenkende Prallflächen angeordnet sind, wobei die Prallflächen in Richtung des Gasstromes zum Boden hin geneigt sind und im Boden unterhalb der Prallflächen eine Öffnung zum Kurbelgehäuse führt.The oil separator preferably consists of a box-shaped housing which is thermally conductively connected to the crankcase, the volume of which corresponds at least to the displacement volume of the cylinders of a crankcase chamber, with gas inlet openings on the bottom and gas paths emanating from them, in which baffles deflecting the gas flow are arranged, the baffles being inclined towards the gas flow towards the bottom and one in the bottom below the baffles Opening leads to the crankcase.

Bei einer Brennkraftmaschine mit oben liegenden Nockenwellen besteht der größte Ölbedarf im Bereich des Ventiltriebes in den Zylinderköpfen. Dieser Ölbedarf wird durch eine oder mehrere Ölpumpen gedeckt, die das Öl aus einem Ölsumpf der Ölwanne zu den Schmierstellen der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere zu denen des Ventiltriebes fördern. Dieses Öl fließt nach Erfüllung seiner Schmier- und Kühlaufgaben durch die an der vorderen und hinteren Front der Brennkraftmaschine angeordneten relativ weiten Kanäle in den Ölsumpf zurück, wobei die Mündungen dieser Kanäle im Ölsumpf unterhalb des Ölspiegels liegen. Ein weiterer Teil des Öls wird zur Schmierung des Kurbeltriebes im Kurbelgehäuse benötigt. Es gelangt dort in hohem Maße mit den bewegten Teilen des Kurbeltriebes in Berührung und wird von diesen zum Teil zerstäubt. Die infolge der Kolbenbewegungen in den Zylindern stark pulsierenden Gase im Kurbelgehäuse unterstützen diese Zerstäubung des Öls und führen dazu, daß sich nach längerem Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine im Kurbelgehäuse ein Ölnebel bildet. Zu diesem Ölnebel gelangen zusätzlich die unvermeidlich zwischen Zylinderwand und Kolben durchdringenden Blow-by-Fluide, welche Bestandteile des motorischen Verbrennungsprozesses mit sich führen und das Motorenöl verschmutzen. Ölnebel und Blow-by bilden zusammen das Kurbelgehäusegas. Es ist für die Alterung des Öls entscheidet, möglichst geringe Ölmengen mit den Kurbelgehäusegasen in Berührung kommen zu lassen. Um die für den Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine erforderliche Ölmenge möglichst dauerhaft zu erhalten, soll das im Kurbelgehäusegas enthaltene Öl möglichst sauber wieder dem Ölvorrat in der Ölwanne zugeführt werden. Die Blow-by-Fluide dagegen sollen möglichst vollständig aus dem Kurbelgehäuse entfernt werden, und zwar bevor sie sich als Kondensat niederschlagen und das Öl verunreinigen können. Da die Blow-by-Fluide auch gesundheitsschädlich sind, können sie nicht an die freie Luft entlassen werden, sondern sie werden über das Ansaugsystem der motorischen Verbrennung zugeführt. Dabei darf diese Gasmenge das Aufbereitungsverhalten des Kraftstoff-Luftaufbereitungssystems nicht negativ beeinflussen, d. h. die aus dem Kurbelgehäuse kommenden Schwingungen sollen sich über eine Vorrichtung zur Entlüftung nicht auf das Ansaugsystem auswirken.In an internal combustion engine with overhead camshafts, the greatest oil requirement in the area of the valve train is in the cylinder heads. This oil requirement is covered by one or more oil pumps which deliver the oil from an oil sump in the oil pan to the lubrication points of the internal combustion engine, in particular to those of the valve train. After completing its lubrication and cooling tasks, this oil flows back into the oil sump through the relatively wide channels arranged on the front and rear front of the internal combustion engine, the openings of these channels in the oil sump lying below the oil level. Another part of the oil is needed to lubricate the crank mechanism in the crankcase. There it comes into contact with the moving parts of the crank mechanism to a high degree and is partially atomized by them. The gases in the crankcase, which pulsate strongly as a result of the piston movements in the cylinders, support this atomization of the oil and lead to the formation of an oil mist in the crankcase after prolonged operation of the internal combustion engine. In addition to this oil mist are the blow-by-fluids that inevitably penetrate between the cylinder wall and the piston, which carry components of the engine combustion process and contaminate the engine oil. Oil mist and blow-by together form the crankcase gas. It is crucial for the aging of the oil to let the smallest possible amount of oil come into contact with the crankcase gases. In order to maintain the amount of oil required for the operation of the internal combustion engine as permanently as possible, the oil contained in the crankcase gas should be returned to the oil reservoir in the oil pan as cleanly as possible. The blow-by fluids, on the other hand, should be removed as completely as possible from the crankcase, before they are deposited as condensate and can contaminate the oil. Since the blow-by fluids are also harmful to health, they cannot be released into the open air, but are fed to the engine combustion via the intake system. This quantity of gas must not have a negative influence on the treatment behavior of the fuel-air treatment system, ie the vibrations coming from the crankcase should not have an effect on the intake system via a device for ventilation.

Durch die Erfindung wird der größte Anteil des Öls von den Kurbelgehäusegasen ferngehalten, indem das aus den Zylinderköpfen abfließende Öl unterhalb des Ölspiegels in den Ölvorrat der Ölwanne eingeleitet wird. In den Kanälen kann so im Gegenstrom zu dem Öl kein Kurbelgehäusegas strömen, da der Ölspiegel in der Ölwanne die Mündungen der Kanäle gegen eindringendes Gas abdeckt. Lediglich in den Kanälen an der hinteren Front des Motors wird zusätzlich zum rückfließenden Öl auch Ölnebel geführt, und zwar zur Entlüftung der Zylinderköpfe in den Resonanzraum zwischen den Zylinderbänken. Dieser Ölnebelanteil ist jedoch relativ frei von Blow-by, so daß dadurch das Öl nicht verunreinigt werden kann.The invention keeps most of the oil away from the crankcase gases by introducing the oil flowing out of the cylinder heads below the oil level into the oil reservoir of the oil pan. In this way, no crankcase gas can flow in countercurrent to the oil, since the oil level in the oil pan covers the mouths of the channels against the ingress of gas. Only in the channels on the rear front of the engine, in addition to the oil flowing back, is oil mist also used, namely to vent the cylinder heads into the resonance chamber between the cylinder banks. However, this oil mist component is relatively free of blow-by, so that the oil cannot be contaminated as a result.

Dadurch, daß der Resonanzraum mit den Zylinderräumen über Öffnungen in Verbindung steht, können sich die von den Kolben in den Zylindern ausgelösten Pulsationen des Kurbelgehäusegases weitgehend ausgleichen. Es bleiben jedoch trotzdem Druckungleichförmigkeiten erhalten. Diese werden weiterhin geglättet durch die als Helmholtzresonator wirkenden Räume innerhalb der Zylinderköpfe, die über die Kanäle für Ölrücklauf und Entlüftung mit dem Resonanzraum verbunden sind. Als weiterer Helmholtzresonator wirkt das Volumen des Ölabscheiders, welches gut auf das reale Schwingungsverhalten abstimmbar ist. Sein Volumen sollte mindestens dem Verdrängungsvolumen der Zylinder einer Kurbelkammer entsprechen.Because the resonance chamber is connected to the cylinder chambers via openings, the pulsations of the crankcase gas triggered by the pistons in the cylinders can largely be compensated for. However, pressure non-uniformities remain. These are further smoothed out by the spaces inside the cylinder heads, which act as Helmholtz resonators, and which pass through the channels for oil return and ventilation with the resonance space are connected. The volume of the oil separator acts as a further Helmholtz resonator, which can be tuned well to the real vibration behavior. Its volume should at least correspond to the displacement volume of the cylinders of a crank chamber.

Da in unmittelbarer Nähe der Verbindung zwischen dem Resonanzraum und den von den Zylinderköpfen kommenden Kanälen die Öffnungen sind, an die sich der Ölabscheider anschließt, von dem aus die Entlüftungsleitung zum Ansaugsystem führt, wird dort ein relativ gleichförmiger Druckpegel und daraus resultierend auch eine gleichförmige Strömung resultieren. Die gleichförmige Strömung erleichtert die Ausscheidung des im Schwebezustand befindlichen Öls aus dem abfließenden Gasstrom innerhalb des Ölabscheiders. Der gleichförmige Druck sichert, daß das Kraftstoff-Luftaufbereitungssystem ungestört von der Vorrichtung zur Entlüftung des Kurbelgehäuses arbeiten kann.Since in the immediate vicinity of the connection between the resonance chamber and the ducts coming from the cylinder heads are the openings to which the oil separator connects, from which the ventilation line leads to the intake system, there will be a relatively uniform pressure level and, as a result, a uniform flow . The uniform flow facilitates the separation of the floating oil from the flowing gas stream within the oil separator. The uniform pressure ensures that the fuel-air treatment system can work undisturbed by the device for venting the crankcase.

Infolge der Anbindung der an der hinteren Front befindlichen von den Zylinderköpfen kommenden Kanäle an den Resonanzraum kann ein relativ gut abstimmbares Gasschwingungssystem mit einer beruhigten Strömung im Bereich der Entlüftungsleitung erzielt werden. Unterstützt wird diese Maßnahme durch die Anordnung eines Querkanals zwischen den hinteren linken und rechten von den entsprechenden Zylinderköpfen kommenden Kanälen. Somit wird es auch möglich, nur einen Kanal vom Querkanal ausgehend zur Ölwanne hin zu führen, wodurch bei der Gestaltung des Kurbelgehäuses im Bereich der anschließenden Kupplung eine optimale Form des Gußteiles realisiert werden kann.As a result of the connection of the ducts coming from the cylinder heads on the rear front to the resonance chamber, a gas oscillation system that can be tuned relatively well can be achieved with a calm flow in the area of the ventilation line. This measure is supported by the arrangement of a transverse duct between the rear left and right ducts coming from the corresponding cylinder heads. Thus, it is also possible to lead only one channel from the transverse channel to the oil pan, whereby an optimal shape of the casting can be realized in the design of the crankcase in the area of the subsequent coupling.

Um bei bestimmten Betriebszuständen einen zu starken Unterdruck im Entlüftungssystem zu vermeiden, kann die Entlüftungsleitung mit einem an sich bekannten Druckbegrenzungsventil ausgerüstet sein. Damit kann einem Ölverlust über das Entlüftungssystem bei Extrembelastungen der Brennkraftmaschine vorgebeugt werden. Der gleiche Vorteil wird jedoch auch erreicht durch eine zweiflutig ausgeführte Entlüftungsleitung, bei der sich durch den Differenzdruck zwischen den beiden Leitungszügen ein wirksamer Druck im Ölabscheider einstellt, der gleichfalls über den gesamten Betriebsbereich der Brennkraftmaschine zu optimalen Entlüftungsbedingungen führt. Auf ein Druckbegrenzungsventil kann dabei verzichtet werden.In order to avoid excessive vacuum in the ventilation system under certain operating conditions, the ventilation line can be equipped with a pressure relief valve known per se. This can result in an oil loss via the ventilation system under extreme loads Internal combustion engine can be prevented. However, the same advantage is also achieved by a double-line ventilation line, in which the differential pressure between the two lines results in an effective pressure in the oil separator, which also leads to optimal ventilation conditions over the entire operating range of the internal combustion engine. There is no need for a pressure relief valve.

Um die bei bestimmten Umweltverhältnissen auftretende Neigung von Kondensatbildung im Motorinneren zu reduzieren, kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch mit einer an sich bekannten Einrichtung zur Belüftung des Kurbelgehäuses versehen sein, in dem an geeigneter Stelle eine Belüftungsleitung vom Reinluftbereich der Ansauganlage her in das Kurbelgehäuse geführt ist.In order to reduce the tendency of condensation to form in the interior of the engine in certain environmental conditions, the device according to the invention can also be provided with a device for ventilation of the crankcase, which is known per se, in which a ventilation line is led from the clean air area of the intake system into the crankcase at a suitable point.

Durch die Anordnung eines Ölabscheiders in den oberen Bereich der Entlüftungswege werden auch die in Schwebe befindlichen Ölanteile aus dem Entlüftungsgas ausgeschieden. Die wärmeleitende Verbindung des Ölabscheiders mit dem Kurbelgehäuse sichert, daß innerhalb des Ölabscheiders keine Kondensatbildung entstehen kann. Dadurch werden die im Kurbelgehäusegas enthaltenen dampfförmigen Bestandteile, die vorzugsweise vom Blow-by gebildet sind, über die Entlüftungsvorrichtung abgesaugt. Ebenso werden Feuchtigkeitsreste, die z. B. beim Ölwechsel oder bei einer Kurbelgehäusebelüftung eingetragen werden können, wieder aus dem Kurbelgehäuse entfernt.By arranging an oil separator in the upper area of the ventilation paths, the oil components in suspension are also separated from the ventilation gas. The heat-conducting connection of the oil separator to the crankcase ensures that no condensation can form inside the oil separator. As a result, the vaporous constituents contained in the crankcase gas, which are preferably formed by blow-by, are sucked off via the ventilation device. Moisture residues such. B. can be entered when changing the oil or crankcase ventilation, removed from the crankcase.

Als Ölabscheider ist ein mit Umlenkwegen und Prallflächen arbeitender Abscheider vorgeschlagen, der auch in der Lage ist, bei einer Restpulsation des zu reinigenden Gasstromes die schwebenden Ölteilchen auszuscheiden, indem sie sich an den Prallflächen niederschlagen. Das niedergeschlagene Öl läuft unter der Einwirkung der Schwerkraft von den geneigten Prallflächen ab und durch eine Bodenöffnung im Gehäuse des Ölabscheiders wieder in den Ölsumpf. Durch sein Volumen wirkt der Ölabscheider darüber hinaus auf den Resonanzraum als Helmholtzresonator.As an oil separator, a separator working with deflection paths and baffles is proposed, which is also able to separate the floating oil particles in the event of a residual pulsation of the gas stream to be cleaned, by depositing them on the baffle surfaces. The precipitated oil runs under the influence of gravity from the inclined baffles and through a floor opening in the oil separator housing back into the oil sump. The volume of the oil separator also acts as a Helmholtz resonator on the resonance chamber.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind nachstehend anhand von Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in schematisierter Form, wobei eine Brennkraftmaschine in strichpunktierten Linien dargestellt ist;
Fig. 2:
einen schematisierten Schnitt in der Ebene A nach Figur 1;
Fig. 3:
einen schematisierten Schnitt in der Ebene B nach Figur 1;
Fig. 4:
einen schematisierten Schnitt in der Ebene C nach Figur 1;
Fig. 5:
einen schematisierten Schnitt analog der Figur 2 eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels;
Fig. 6:
einen schematisierten Schnitt analog der Figur 3 eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels;
Fig. 7:
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, dargestellt an den Hauptteilen einer Brennkraftmaschine mit V-förmig angeordneten Zylindern in einer perspektivischen Explosivdarstellung, wobei die zur erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gehörenden Teile besonders hervorgehoben sind.
Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1:
a device according to the invention in a schematic form, wherein an internal combustion engine is shown in dash-dotted lines;
Fig. 2:
a schematic section in the plane A of Figure 1;
Fig. 3:
a schematic section in plane B of Figure 1;
Fig. 4:
a schematic section in the plane C of Figure 1;
Fig. 5:
a schematic section analogous to Figure 2 of another embodiment;
Fig. 6:
a schematic section analogous to Figure 3 of another embodiment;
Fig. 7:
a device according to the invention, shown on the main parts of an internal combustion engine with V-shaped cylinders in a perspective exploded view, the parts belonging to the device according to the invention are particularly emphasized.

In den Figuren 2 bis 6 ist dabei der Ölrücklauf mit Vollinien und Ganzpfeilen, der Gasstrom der Motorentlüftung mit Vollinien und Halbpfeilen und zugeführte Luft zur Kurbelgehäusebelüftung mit Strichlinien und Ganzpfeil dargestellt. Die gefüllten Halbpfeile sowie die offenen Halbpfeile symbolisieren Teilmengen der abzuführenden Gase.In Figures 2 to 6, the oil return with solid lines and full arrows, the gas flow of the engine ventilation with solid lines and half arrows and air supplied to the crankcase ventilation with dashed lines and full arrow shown. The filled half-arrows and the open half-arrows symbolize partial quantities of the gases to be discharged.

Eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit V-förmigen angeordneten Zylindern besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Kurbelgehäuse 2, in welchem der Kurbeltrieb zur Umwandlung der oszillierenden Bewegungen der Kolben in eine Drehbewegung angeordnet ist, den beiden Zylinderbänken 3 und 4, in welchen sich die Zylinder mit den darin gleitenden Kolben befinden, den auf den Zylinderbänken 3 und 4 aufsitzenden Zylinderköpfen 5 und 6 mit den Gaswechselsteuerorganen wie Nockenwellen, Stössel, Ventile u. dgl. sowie den Gaswechselkanälen, einer Ölwanne 7, welche das Kurbelgehäuse 2 nach unten abschließt und den Ölvorrat der Brennkraftmaschine 1 aufnimmt, einem Gemischaufbereitungssystem 8 sowie weiteren hier nicht näher dargestellten Baugruppen. Das Öl aus der Ölwanne 7 wird von einer oder mehreren Ölpumpen zu den bewegten Teilen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 gefördert, um diese zu schmieren und teilweise auch zu kühlen. Dazu befinden sich in den Wänden des Kurbelgehäuses 2, in den Zylinderbänken 3 und 4, in den Zylinderköpfen 5 und 6 sowie in einer Vielzahl der darin angeordneten Teile wie Kurbelwelle, Pleuelstangen, Nockenwellen usw. Druckölkanäle, in welchen das Öl zu seinen Funktionsstellen gelangt. Von diesen Funktionsstellen fließt das Öl entweder direkt, wie z. B. von den Kurbelwellenlagern, oder im wesentlichen aus den Zylinderköpfen 5 und 6 über Kanäle 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 in die Ölwanne 7 zurück. Dabei reichen die unteren Mündungen 14, 15, 16 der Kanäle 10, 11 und 12 unterhalb des Ölspiegels 17 in die Ölwanne 7.An internal combustion engine 1 with V-shaped cylinders essentially consists of a crankcase 2, in which the crank mechanism for converting the oscillating movements of the pistons into a rotary movement is arranged, the two cylinder banks 3 and 4, in which the cylinders with the ones sliding therein Pistons are located on the cylinder banks 3 and 4 cylinder heads 5 and 6 with the gas exchange control elements such as camshafts, tappets, valves and the like. Like. As well as the gas exchange channels, an oil pan 7, which closes the crankcase 2 down and receives the oil supply of the internal combustion engine 1, a mixture processing system 8 and other modules not shown here. The oil from the oil pan 7 is conveyed by one or more oil pumps to the moving parts of the internal combustion engine 1 in order to lubricate and partially cool them. For this purpose, there are pressure oil channels in the walls of the crankcase 2, in the cylinder banks 3 and 4, in the cylinder heads 5 and 6 and in a large number of the parts arranged therein, such as crankshaft, connecting rods, camshafts, etc., in which the oil reaches its functional points. From these functional points, the oil either flows directly, e.g. B. from the crankshaft bearings, or essentially from the cylinder heads 5 and 6 via channels 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 back into the oil pan 7. The lower openings 14, 15, 16 of the channels 10, 11 and 12 extend below the oil level 17 into the oil pan 7.

Oberhalb des Kurbelgehäuses 2 zwischen den beiden Zylinderbänken 3 und 4 befindet sich, einbezogen in ein das Kurbelgehäuse 2 bildendes Gußteil, ein Resonanzraum 18, der sich über die gesamt Länge der Brennkraftmaschine 1 erstreckt. Der Resonanzraum 18 ist durch Öffnungen 19 mit dem Inneren des Kurbelgehäuses 2 verbunden, und zwar an jedem der Zylinderbereiche. An der tiefsten Stelle des Resonanzraumes 18 setzt der Kanal 13 an, welcher zu einem Querkanal 20 führt, der an einer Frontseite der Brennkraftmaschine 1 den Kanal 9 mit dem Kanal 12 verbindet. Wie Figur 7 zeigt, haben die Kanäle 9 bis 13 sowie der Querkanal 20 relativ große Querschnitte. Neben den Kanälen 9, 10, 11 und 12, die jeweils an den tiefstgelegenen Stellen der Zylinderkopfinnenräume ansetzen, sind die Innenräume der Zylinderköpfe 5, 6 auch durch Entlüftungsöffnungen 21 mit dem Inneren des Kurbelgehäuses 2 verbunden (siehe Figur 2 und Figur 5).Above the crankcase 2 between the two cylinder banks 3 and 4 there is a resonance chamber 18, which is included in a casting which forms the crankcase 2 and which extends over the entire length of the internal combustion engine 1 extends. The resonance chamber 18 is connected to the interior of the crankcase 2 through openings 19, specifically at each of the cylinder regions. At the lowest point of the resonance chamber 18, the channel 13 starts, which leads to a transverse channel 20, which connects the channel 9 to the channel 12 on a front side of the internal combustion engine 1. As FIG. 7 shows, the channels 9 to 13 and the transverse channel 20 have relatively large cross sections. In addition to the channels 9, 10, 11 and 12, which each start at the lowest points of the interior of the cylinder head, the interior of the cylinder heads 5, 6 are also connected to the interior of the crankcase 2 through ventilation openings 21 (see FIGS. 2 and 5).

Im oberen Bereich des Resonanzraumes 18 ist eine Öffnung 22 vorgesehen, über der ein Ölabscheider 23 angeordnet ist. Der Ölabscheider 23 steht mit einer weiteren Öffnung 31 mit dem oberen Bereich des Kurbelgehäuses 2 in Verbindung. Der Ölabscheider 23 ist vorzugsweise mit dem Kurbelgehäuse 2 fest verbunden, vorteilhafterweise von dem gleichen Gußteil gebildet. Das Volumen des Ölabscheiders 23 entspricht mindestens dem Verdrängungsvolumen der Zylinder einer Kurbelgehäusekammer. Dadurch kann dieses Volumen sehr wirksam in Art eines Helmholtzresonators an der Dämpfung der Gasschwingungen mitwirken.An opening 22 is provided in the upper region of the resonance chamber 18, above which an oil separator 23 is arranged. The oil separator 23 is connected to the upper region of the crankcase 2 by a further opening 31. The oil separator 23 is preferably firmly connected to the crankcase 2, advantageously formed by the same casting. The volume of the oil separator 23 corresponds at least to the displacement volume of the cylinders of a crankcase chamber. This volume can thus act very effectively in the manner of a Helmholtz resonator in damping the gas vibrations.

Der Ölabscheider 23 besteht aus einem kastenförmigen Gehäuse 24, in welchem Prallflächen 25 so angeordnet sind, daß der aus dem Resonanzraum 18 über die Öffnung 22 aufsteigende Gasstrom mehrfach umgelenkt wird, wobei die Prallflächen 25 eine Neigung zu freien Abtropfkanten aufweisen. In dem Gasstrom mitgeführte Ölpartikel prallen dabei auf die Prallflächen 25 auf, schlagen sich dort nieder und fließen als anhaftender Film zu Abtropfkanten an den unteren Begrenzungen der Prallflächen 25. Das abtropfende Öl gelangt über die Öffnung 31 in das Kurbelgehäuse 2 zurück.The oil separator 23 consists of a box-shaped housing 24, in which baffles 25 are arranged so that the gas flow rising from the resonance chamber 18 via the opening 22 is deflected several times, the baffles 25 tending to free drip edges. Oil particles entrained in the gas flow impinge on the baffle surfaces 25, are deposited there and flow as an adherent film to drip edges at the lower boundaries of the baffle surfaces 25. The dripping oil returns to the crankcase 2 via the opening 31.

An der oberen Seite des Ölabscheiders 23 schließt sich mindestens eine Leitung 26 an, die zum Gemischaufbereitungssystem 8 führt. In die Leitung 26 kann ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 27 einbezogen sein, welches den Unterdruck im Inneren der Brennkraftmaschine 1 unabhängig vom Druck im Gemischaufbereitungssystem 8 nicht über einen vorgegebenen Wert ansteigen läßt. Dieser konstruktiv vorgegebene Innendruck kann jedoch in an sich bekannter Weise auch durch die Anordnung von zwei Leitungen 26 und 26' erzielt werden, wobei die Leitung 26 mit ihrem größeren Querschnitt vor ein Drosselorgan 28 des Gemischaufbereitungssystem 8 und die Leitung 26' mit geringerem Querschnitt hinter dieses Drosselorgan 28 führt (Figur 2 und Figur 7).On the upper side of the oil separator 23 there is at least one line 26 which leads to the mixture preparation system 8. A pressure limiting valve 27 can be included in the line 26, which does not allow the negative pressure inside the internal combustion engine 1 to rise above a predetermined value, regardless of the pressure in the mixture processing system 8. However, this structurally predetermined internal pressure can also be achieved in a manner known per se by the arrangement of two lines 26 and 26 ', the line 26 with its larger cross section in front of a throttle element 28 of the mixture processing system 8 and the line 26' with a smaller cross section behind it Throttle body 28 leads (Figure 2 and Figure 7).

Neben der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Entlüftung können auch an sich bekannte Vorkehrungen getroffen sein, um die Befrachtung des Kurbelgehäusegases mit Öl zu verringern, wie beispielsweise ein Ölhobel 29 über dem Ölspiegel 17 in der Ölwanne 7 (Figur 6).In addition to the device according to the invention for ventilation, known measures can also be taken to reduce the loading of the crankcase gas with oil, such as an oil slicer 29 above the oil level 17 in the oil pan 7 (FIG. 6).

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Entlüftung des Kurbelgehäuses 2 kann auch kombiniert sein mit einer Kurbelgehäusebelüftung, indem von der Reinluftseite der Gemischaufbereitungsanlage 8, und zwar von einem Ort höheren Druckes als dem der Anbindungsstellen der Leitung 26, eine Belüftungsleitung 30 zum Kurbelgehäuse 2 geführt ist.The device according to the invention for venting the crankcase 2 can also be combined with a crankcase ventilation, in that a ventilation line 30 is led to the crankcase 2 from the clean air side of the mixture preparation system 8, specifically from a location higher than that of the connection points of the line 26.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gelingt es, das in der Brennkraftmaschine 1 befindliche Öl weitestgehend von der Berührung mit den aggressiven und die Ölalterung fördernden Blow-by fernzuhalten. Der größte Anteil des in der Brennkraftmaschine 1 umlaufenden Öls fließt über die Zylinderköpfe 5 und 6. Von den Zylinderköpfen 5 und 6 fließt das Öl in den Kanälen 9, 10, 11 und 12 sowie über den Querkanal 20 zurück. Deren Mündungen 14, 15 und 16 liegen unterhalb des Ölspiegels 17 in der Ölwanne 7. Dadurch kann innerhalb dieser Kanäle 9, 10, 11, 12 im Gegenstrom zum Öl kein Gas nach oben steigen. Ein Auswaschen der Schadstoffe aus dem Gas durch das Öl innerhalb der Kanäle 9, 10, 11 und 12 findet so nicht statt. Das im Kurbelgehäuse 2 befindliche Gas steht vielmehr über die Entlüftungsöffnungen 21 mit den Räumen der beiden Zylinderköpfe 5 und 6 sowie über die Öffnungen 19 mit dem Resonanzraum 18 in Verbindung. Das im Kurbelgehäuse 2 befindliche Gas wird durch die Kolbenbewegungen zum Schwingen angeregt. Diesen Schwingungen entgegen wirkt das Volumen der beiden Zylinderköpfe 5 und 6, die über die Entlüftungsöffnungen 21 als Helmholtzsche Resonatoren wirken. Der Resonanzraum 18, der sich über die gesamte Länge der Brennkraftmaschine 1 erstreckt und der durch die Öffnungen 19 mit dem Volumen des Kurbelgehäuses 2 in Verbindung steht, kann akustisch so ausgelegt werden, daß sich die von den einzelnen Zylindern angeregten Gasschwingungen so überlagern, daß deren Maximalwerte ausgelöscht werden. Die Öffnung 22 an der Oberseite des Resonanzraumes 18 ist dort angebracht, wo das ausgeglichenste Druckverhalten der Gase vorhanden ist. Damit gelingt es, einen nahezu gleichbleibenden Gasstrom durch den Ölabscheider 23 zu erreichen. An den Leitungen 26 bzw. 26' liegt somit ein nahezu gleichbleibender, also nicht von Schwingungen überlagerter Druck an. Die so innerhalb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 beruhigten Gasvolumina nehmen gegenüber der sonst üblichen starken Gasbewegungen in Brennkraftmaschinen nur relativ wenig Ölnebel auf. Die vom Entlüftungsgas getragene Ölmenge, die sich im Resonanzraum 18 noch nicht niedergeschlagen hat, wird im Ölabscheider 23 abgeschieden. Dabei bleiben aber die aus dem Blow-by stammenden Schadstoffe sowie evtl. eingetragene Feuchtigkeit in Dampfform, da der Ölabscheider 23 gut wärmeleitend mit dem Kurbelgehäuse 2 verbunden ist. Eine Kondensatbildung kann somit bei Betriebstemperatur nicht stattfinden, so daß die Schadstoffe durch die Entlüftung ausgetragen werden, durch das Ansaugrohr in die Brennräume der Brennkraftmaschine gelangen und dort verbrannt werden.With the device according to the invention it is possible to keep the oil in the internal combustion engine 1 as far as possible from contact with the aggressive blow-by which promotes oil aging. The largest proportion of the oil circulating in the internal combustion engine 1 flows through the cylinder heads 5 and 6. From the cylinder heads 5 and 6, the oil flows in the channels 9, 10, 11 and 12 and over the cross channel 20 back. Their mouths 14, 15 and 16 are below the oil level 17 in the oil pan 7. As a result, no gas can rise upwards in these channels 9, 10, 11, 12 in countercurrent to the oil. The pollutants are not washed out of the gas by the oil within the channels 9, 10, 11 and 12. The gas located in the crankcase 2 is rather connected via the ventilation openings 21 to the spaces of the two cylinder heads 5 and 6 and via the openings 19 to the resonance chamber 18. The gas in the crankcase 2 is excited to vibrate by the piston movements. The volume of the two cylinder heads 5 and 6, which act as Helmholtz resonators via the ventilation openings 21, counteracts these vibrations. The resonance chamber 18, which extends over the entire length of the internal combustion engine 1 and which is connected through the openings 19 to the volume of the crankcase 2, can be designed acoustically so that the gas vibrations excited by the individual cylinders overlap so that their Maximum values are deleted. The opening 22 at the top of the resonance chamber 18 is provided where the most balanced pressure behavior of the gases is present. It is thus possible to achieve an almost constant gas flow through the oil separator 23. There is therefore an almost constant pressure, ie not superimposed by vibrations, on the lines 26 and 26 '. The gas volumes calmed within the internal combustion engine 1 absorb only relatively little oil mist compared to the otherwise usual strong gas movements in internal combustion engines. The amount of oil carried by the vent gas, which has not yet precipitated in the resonance chamber 18, is separated in the oil separator 23. In this case, however, the pollutants originating from the blow-by and any moisture which may have entered remain in vapor form, since the oil separator 23 is connected to the crankcase 2 with good thermal conductivity. Condensation cannot occur at the operating temperature that the pollutants are discharged through the ventilation, get through the intake pipe into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine and are burned there.

Bei extremen Verhältnissen kann die Vorrichtung, so wie dargestellt, auch mit einer Kurbelgehäusebelüftung ergänzt sein, bei welcher die Belüftungsleitung 30 Frischluft in das Innere des Kurbelgehäuses 2 führt, die dann in an sich bekannter Weise in der Lage ist, dampfförmige Medien aufzunehmen und über die Entlüftung aus der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu transportieren. Die Entlüftung erfolgt über die Leitung 26 bzw. die Leitungen 26 und 26', wobei über geeignete Maßnahmen, z. B. das Druckbegrenzungsventil 27, dafür gesorgt ist, daß keinerlei Öl aus dem Ölabscheider 23 angesaugt werden kann. Das sich im Ölabscheider 23 niederschlagende Öl kann somit relativ frei von Schadstoffen durch den Kanal 13, den Querkanal 20 sowie den Kanal 12 in die Ölwanne 7 zurückfließen.In extreme conditions, the device, as shown, can also be supplemented with crankcase ventilation, in which the ventilation line 30 leads fresh air into the interior of the crankcase 2, which is then in a manner known per se capable of absorbing vaporous media and via the To transport ventilation from the internal combustion engine 1. The venting takes place via line 26 or lines 26 and 26 ', with suitable measures, e.g. B. the pressure relief valve 27 is ensured that no oil can be sucked out of the oil separator 23. The oil that precipitates in the oil separator 23 can thus flow back relatively free of pollutants through the channel 13, the transverse channel 20 and the channel 12 into the oil pan 7.

Das gleichbleibende, von Schwingungen unbelastete Druckniveau in den Leitungen 26 sichert, daß keine Beeinflussung des Gemischaufbereitungssystems 8 erfolgen kann.The constant pressure level in the lines 26, which is not stressed by vibrations, ensures that the mixture preparation system 8 cannot be influenced.

Durch die Erfindung wird die Berührungsfläche des Öls mit dem Blow-by stark reduziert. Dies kann durch die Anwendung eines Ölhobels 29 noch unterstützt werden, da damit die Spritzölmenge nahe des Kurbeltriebes verringert wird. Im Ergebnis wird so durch die Erfindung eine erhebliche Verlängerung der ursprünglichen Ölqualität und somit auch der Ölwechselfristen erzielt.The contact area of the oil with the blow-by is greatly reduced by the invention. This can be further supported by the use of an oil slicer 29, since this reduces the amount of spray oil close to the crank mechanism. As a result, the invention significantly extends the original oil quality and thus also the oil change periods.

Claims (9)

Vorrichtung zur Entlüftung des Kurbelgehäuses einer Brennkraftmaschine mit V-förmig angeordneten Zylindern, bei welcher ein zwischen den beiden Zylinderbänken befindlicher Raum als Resonanzraum ausgebildet ist und bei der sowohl am vorderen als auch am hinteren Endbereich des Kurbelgehäuses Ölrückführkanäle vorgesehen sind, die mit einem den Ventiltrieb enthaltenen Raum der Zylinderköpfe verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aus den Zylinderköpfen (5, 6) in eine Ölwanne (7) zurückfließende Öl sowohl an der vorderen als auch an der hinteren Front der Brennkraftmaschine (1) in Kanälen (9, 10, 11, 12) geführt ist, die unterhalb des Ölspiegels (17) im Ölsumpf enden, wobei mindestens die an einer Front geführten Kanäle (9, 12) mit dem Resonanzraum (18) in Verbindung stehen, die Kurbelräume der einzelnen Zylinder Öffnungen (19) zu dem Resonanzraum (18) aufweisen, oberhalb des Resonanzraumes (18) sowie im oberen Bereich des Kurbelgehäuses (2) benachbart Öffnungen (22, 31) angeordnet sind, über denen sich ein Ölabscheider (23) befindet, dessen oberer Bereich mittels Leitungen (26, 26') zur Entlüftung mit dem Gemischaufbereitungssystem (8) der Brennkraftmaschine (1) verbunden ist.Device for venting the crankcase of an internal combustion engine with V-shaped cylinders, in which a space located between the two cylinder banks is designed as a resonance chamber and in which oil return channels are provided both at the front and at the rear end region of the crankcase, which contain the valve train Chamber of the cylinder heads are connected, characterized in that the oil flowing back from the cylinder heads (5, 6) into an oil pan (7) both in the front and in the rear front of the internal combustion engine (1) in channels (9, 10, 11 , 12) which end below the oil level (17) in the oil sump, with at least the channels (9, 12) guided on a front being connected to the resonance chamber (18), the crank chambers of the individual cylinders opening (19) the resonance chamber (18), above the resonance chamber (18) and in the upper region of the crankcase (2) adjacent to public openings (22, 31) are arranged, above which there is an oil separator (23), the upper area of which is connected to the mixture preparation system (8) of the internal combustion engine (1) by means of lines (26, 26 ') for ventilation. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß allein die an der hinteren Front der Brennkraftmaschine (1) befindlichen Kanäle (9, 12) an den Resonanzraum (18) angebunden sind.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that only the channels (9, 12) located on the rear front of the internal combustion engine (1) are connected to the resonance chamber (18). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hinteren Kanäle (9, 12) durch einen Querkanal (20) verbunden sind, der mit dem Resonanzraum (18) in Verbindung steht.Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rear channels (9, 12) are connected by a transverse channel (20) which is connected to the resonance chamber (18). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vom Querkanal (20) nur ein Kanal (12) zu einer Mündung (16) unterhalb des Ölspiegels (17) in der Ölwanne (7) führt.Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that only one channel (12) leads from the transverse channel (20) to an opening (16) below the oil level (17) in the oil pan (7). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Leitung (26) zur Entlüftung in an sich bekannter Weise ein Druckbegrenzungsventil (27) vorgesehen ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a pressure limiting valve (27) is provided in the line (26) for venting in a manner known per se. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitung (26, 26') zur Entlüftung zweiflutig ausgeführt ist, indem die eine Leitung (26) mit größerem Querschnitt vom Ölabscheider (23) an eine Stelle strömungsmäßig vor ein Drosselorgan (28) eines Gemischaufbereitungssystems (8) und eine zweite Leitung (26') geringeren Querschnitts zu einer Stelle nach dem Drosselorgan (28) führt.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the line (26, 26 ') for ventilation is made double-flow, in that the one line (26) with a larger cross section from the oil separator (23) to a point in terms of flow in front of a throttle element ( 28) of a mixture preparation system (8) and a second line (26 ') of smaller cross section leads to a point after the throttle element (28). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in an sich bekannter Weise zwischen dem Reinluftbereich des Gemischaufbereitungssystems (8) und dem Kurbelgehäuse (2) eine Belüftungsleitung (30) vorgesehen ist.Apparatus according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a ventilation line (30) is provided in a manner known per se between the clean air area of the mixture preparation system (8) and the crankcase (2). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ölabscheider (23) aus einem mit dem Kurbelgehäuse (2) verbundenen kastenförmigen Gehäuse (24) mit am Boden befindlichen Öffnungen (22, 31) für den Gaseintritt und im Gasweg befindlichen den Gasstrom umlenkenden Prallflächen (25) besteht, wobei die Prallflächen (25) in Richtung des Gasstromes zum Boden hin geneigt sind, in welchem sich eine Öffnung (31) zum Kurbelgehäuse (2) befindet.Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the oil separator (23) from a box-shaped housing (24) connected to the crankcase (2) with openings (22, 31) on the bottom for the gas inlet and in the gas path Gas deflecting baffles (25), the baffles (25) are inclined in the direction of the gas flow towards the bottom, in which there is an opening (31) to the crankcase (2). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (24) des Ölabscheiders (23) ein Volumen von mindestens dem Verdrängungsvolumen der Zylinder einer Kurbelgehäusekammer entspricht.Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the housing (24) of the oil separator (23) corresponds to a volume of at least the displacement volume of the cylinders of a crankcase chamber.
EP93117700A 1992-11-20 1993-11-02 Crankcase ventilation device for an internal combustion engine with V-shaped arranged cylinders Expired - Lifetime EP0599095B1 (en)

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DE4239108A DE4239108A1 (en) 1992-11-20 1992-11-20 Device for venting the crankcase of an internal combustion engine with V-shaped cylinders
DE4239108 1992-11-20

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CN107227990B (en) * 2016-03-24 2021-04-20 卡特彼勒公司 Floating crankcase ventilation system and method
EP3358157A1 (en) * 2017-02-07 2018-08-08 Ford Global Technologies, LLC An engine housing component
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DE4239108A1 (en) 1994-05-26
DE59301637D1 (en) 1996-03-28

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