EP0593001B1 - Méthode et dispositif pour manufacture de tÔles ou poutres laminées à chaud en matière coulée - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour manufacture de tÔles ou poutres laminées à chaud en matière coulée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0593001B1
EP0593001B1 EP93116476A EP93116476A EP0593001B1 EP 0593001 B1 EP0593001 B1 EP 0593001B1 EP 93116476 A EP93116476 A EP 93116476A EP 93116476 A EP93116476 A EP 93116476A EP 0593001 B1 EP0593001 B1 EP 0593001B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oven
rolling
casting
line
train
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93116476A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0593001A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Krüger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Siemag AG
Original Assignee
SMS Schloemann Siemag AG
Schloemann Siemag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Schloemann Siemag AG, Schloemann Siemag AG filed Critical SMS Schloemann Siemag AG
Publication of EP0593001A1 publication Critical patent/EP0593001A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0593001B1 publication Critical patent/EP0593001B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/466—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5184—Casting and working

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a plant for the production of hot-rolled strips or profiles from continuous, continuously cast primary material in successive steps of a finishing train, wherein the continuously cast primary material in one or more casting machines, after solidification, is divided into extrudates and the extrudates are passed through a compensating furnace in one The heating zone is heated to the rolling temperature, then into a buffer zone and then into a storage zone and from there into the finishing train, where it is finish-rolled.
  • continuously cast thin slabs are used as raw material for the finishing train, which for example have a thickness of less than 70 mm, preferably 50 mm.
  • the thin slabs are separated from an endless cast strand produced in a continuous casting machine, each with a length that corresponds to the required coil weight for the finished hot wide strip.
  • the casting speed of continuous casting machines for thin slab continuous casting is relatively slow, while the feeding speed an assigned continuous hot strip mill is approximately 2 to 4 times higher. It is therefore advantageous to assign at least two casting machines to a continuous finishing train in such a way that thin slabs are alternately separated from each of the two endless casting strands and then each fed to the finishing train for rolling.
  • the thin slabs are brought out of the respective casting line into alignment with the hot strip mill so that they can then be drawn into this.
  • it has two single-strand CSP casting machines, each with a compensating furnace and a ferry, and a common holding furnace in front of the CSP roller train for both strands.
  • a heating zone, a system buffer and a storage furnace part are arranged in succession in each compensation furnace.
  • the subsequent system buffer is required in order to bridge the transport time required for alternating transverse transport of the thin slabs from both casting machines into the roller mill.
  • the storage furnace creates the possibility of bridging limited downtimes of the roll train, for example caused by roll changes or malfunctions, with continuous cast strand production.
  • the thickness of the thin slab is 50 mm
  • the width is 1550 mm, for example Length of the thin slab 44 m
  • the casting speed 5.5 m / min.
  • the feed speed of the continuous hot-rolled strip finishing train 0.29 m / s corresponding to 17.4 m / min.
  • the feed speed is 3.2 times higher than the casting speed.
  • the length of the heating zone is approx. 40 m
  • the length of the system buffer and the storage furnace part are approx. 105 m
  • the known finishing mill is arranged opposite to the direction of discharge of the steel strip caster with a lateral offset, whereby in addition to the compensation furnaces in the direction of discharge of the steel strip caster, a centrally arranged temperature compensation furnace is provided, which conveys towards the finish rolling mill, and the three Compensating furnaces lying next to each other in parallel are connected by an end-side transverse transport device.
  • DE-A-4 017 928 discloses a process for the production of hot-rolled strips or profiles from continuously cast primary material in successive steps of a self-contained process chain, wherein the continuously cast primary material after solidification divides into individual strand pieces of a predetermined length, these in one Compensation furnace is heated to the rolling temperature and then rolled out to predetermined final dimensions, with a strand piece resulting from the continuous casting process being introduced into a buffer section of the compensation furnace to bridge a comparatively short, for example 10-minute interruption in the rolling process.
  • the known method suggests that a starting material obtained in the continuous casting process is broken up into strand pieces of a predetermined length and the strand pieces are removed from the process chain using a furnace part designed as a ferry and thereby into a laterally parallel stopping line next to the The production line is extended, occasionally stored in a warming place and stacked in it and, after the interruption has been remedied, reintroduced into the process chain in the opposite direction.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a method and a plant for the production of hot-rolled strips or profiles from continuously cast material of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 and 2 to the effect that these avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and Difficulties have a comparatively short furnace system and thus a lower need for space and investment costs, the system should be suitable for bridging a comparatively long interruption of the rolling process in an uninterrupted casting process.
  • a compensating furnace used for this method can at least be moved around the length of the storage furnace part can be reduced from approx. 55 m, for example from a total length of 147 m to a total length of 92 m. This results in lower investment costs due to the smaller space requirement for the system, while avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages and difficulties.
  • a plant for the production of hot-rolled strips or profiles from endless continuously cast starting material in successive steps of a finishing train for carrying out the method according to the invention comprising two CSP casting machines or casting lines according to the preamble of claim 4, is designed so that the formed as a memory Furnace part is arranged within the rolling line at a lateral distance next to the leveling furnaces of the casting lines.
  • the CSP system according to the prior art according to FIG. 1 has two identical casting lines (xx) and one rolling line (yy).
  • each casting line (xx) there is a casting machine (1a, 1b) and a pair of scissors (2a, 2b) arranged after it for dividing the casting strands into individual thin slabs.
  • This is followed by a long furnace system, each with a heating zone (3a, 3b), a system buffer (4a, 4b) and a storage furnace (5a, 5b).
  • the length of a heating zone (3) is approximately 40 m
  • the length of a system buffer (4) is also approximately 40 m
  • the length of the two parallel equalization furnaces is approximately 147 m.
  • a transverse transport device each with a ferry (6a, 6b) with a length of approx. 49 m, is arranged downstream of these furnaces.
  • the rolling line (yy) with the holding furnace (7) of about 49 m in length, and the finishing train (8).
  • the latter comprises three roughing stands and three finishing stands as well as a descaling device (9) on the feed side.
  • the CSP system designed according to the invention according to FIG. 2 has two shortened equalizing furnaces (3a, 4a; 3b, 4b) in the two casting lines (x-x), comprising only the heating zones (3a, 3b) and the buffer zones (4a, 4b).
  • the length of a heating zone (3a, 3b) is approximately 40 m and a buffer zone (4a, 4b) is approximately 50 m.
  • the length of a prior art furnace system is thus reduced from 147 m according to FIG. 1 to 92 m according to FIG.
  • the furnace part (5) designed as a store is arranged within the rolling line (y-y) at a lateral distance next to the compensating furnaces (3a, 4a; 3b, 4b).
  • the length of the system measured from the shears (2a, 2b) to the end of the holding furnace (7), is reduced from 245 m to 190 m.
  • the arrangement is such that the storage furnace part (5) extends approximately parallel to the heating and buffer zones (3a, 4a; 3b, 4b) of the compensation furnaces.
  • a system buffer (4a, 4b) extended from 40 m to approx. 50 m and a storage furnace (5) extended from 67 m to 80 m.
  • An embodiment provides that in at least one of the casting lines (xx), advantageously in both additional storage furnace part (20a, 20b) can be arranged.
  • additional furnace parts With these additional furnace parts, the possible bridging time when the roller mill is at a standstill, for example as a result of roller change or malfunction, is extended by a casting length of approx. 50 m, ie by approx.
  • a path / time network location is shown in FIG.
  • the example shows two thin slabs (2a, 2b) at time zero at the end of the heating zones (3a and 3b) and two thin slabs (1a, 1b) within the system buffers (4a, 4b).
  • the thin slabs (1a, 1b) advanced by 52.5 m into the ferries (6a, 6b) at a transport speed of 0.75 m / s.
  • the thin slab (1a) in the ferry (6a) entered the rolling line (yy) at a ferry speed of 0.25 m / s in 40 seconds from the casting line by 10 m, while the ferry ( 6b) remains unchanged in the second casting line (xx).
  • the thin slab (1a) was then transported from the ferry (6a) into the holding furnace (7) by a further 52.5 m.
  • the working method of the system according to the invention has a rapid sequence, with an intermediate time of 136 s or 2 x 86 s remaining between every two rolling cycles of purely mathematically 304 s.
  • the resulting idle times allow the drive units of the finishing mill stands to be operated in a high-performance stage during each 152 s rolling process without the electric motors being thermally overloaded.
  • the diagram shows that the connection of a third casting line would no longer fit into the functional sequence.
  • the furnace system designed according to the invention can provide sufficient bridging time with a shortened layout in order to ensure continuous production of the casting machines at least until the end of one or two casting batches in the event of downtimes of the roller train resulting from roller changes or other reasons guarantee.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé pour la fabrication debandes ou profilés laminés à chaud à partir d'une ébauche coulée en continu, dans des étapes opératoires successives d'un train de finition (8), l'ébauche coulée en continu dans une ou plusieurs machines de coulée (1a,1b) étant sectionnée après rigidification en des tronçons et ceux-ci traversant un four de compensation (3a,4a;3b,4b) pour être d'abord chauffés dans une zone de chauffage (3a,3b) à température de laminage et être ensuite amenés dans une zone tampon (4a,4b) et transférés dans une zone de stockage et, à partir de celle-ci, vers le train de finition (8) pour y être laminés,
    caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit les tronçons menant de la zone tampon (4a,4b) dans un chariot (6a,6b) et les transfère à l'aide de celui-ci selon un transport transversal quittant la ligne de coulée (X-X) dans la ligne de laminage (Y-Y), en ce qu'on les y stocke en transport longitudinal opposé au sens de déplacement de l'ébauche coulée en continu, en faisant appel à un four de stockage (5) agencé à côté du four de compensation (3a,4a; 3b, 4b) dans la ligne de laminage (Y-Y) et en ce qu'on les introduit, après transfert du four de stockage (5) via un chariot (6a,6b) et éventuellement un four de maintien (7) agencé en aval dudit chariot et en amont du train de laminage (8), dans ledit train de laminage (8) et en ce qu'on les y lamine afin d'obtenir le produit final.
  2. Procédé pour la fabrication de bandes ou profilés laminés à chaud à partir d'une ébauche coulée en continu dans des étapes opératoires successives d'un train de finition (8), l'ébauche coulée en continu dans une ou plusieurs machines de coulée (1a,1b) étant sectionnée après rigidification en des tronçons et ceux-ci traversant un four de compensation (3a,4a;3b,4b) pour être d'abord chauffés dans une zone de chauffage (3a,3b) à température de laminage et être ensuite amenés dans une zone tampon (4a,4b) et puis transférés dans une zone de stockage et, à partir de celle-ci, vers le train de finition (8) pour y être laminés,
    caractérisé en ce qu'on transporte un tronçon venant de la zone tampon (4a,4b) d'abord sur la ligne de coulée (X-X), en direction longitudinale, via un chariot (6a,6b) dans un four de stockage (20a, 20b) et, en provenance de celui-ci (20a,20b) à nouveau de retour sur le chariot (6a,6b), et avec celui-ci, selon un transport transversal de la ligne de coulée (X-X) vers la ligne de laminage (Y-Y) pour l'y introduire, au cours du transport longitudinal vers l'avant, via le four de maintien (7) dans le train de laminage (8) en vue du laminage de finition.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2 dans lequel on transporte un tronçon venant de la zone tampon (4a,4b) d'abord longitudinalement sur la ligne de coulée (X-X) via un chariot (6a,6b) dans un four de stockage (20a,20b) et, en provenance de celui-ci (20a,20b), de nouveau sur le chariot (6a,6b) et avec celui-ci, selon un transport transversal de la ligne de coulée (X-X) vers la ligne de laminage (Y-Y), caractérisé en ce qu'on y entrepose le tronçon d'abord, au cours du transport longitudinal vers l'arrière, dans un four de stockage (5) et, en ce qu'on l'introduit en provenance de celui-ci, au cours du transport longitudinal vers l'avant, via le chariot (6a,6b) et le four de maintien (7) dans le train de laminage (8) en vue du laminage de finition.
  4. Installation pour la fabrication de bandes ou profilés laminés à chaud à partir d'une ébauche coulée en continu, dans des étapes opératoires successives d'un train de finition (8), pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, comportant deux machines de coulée CSP( 1a,1b) ou lignes de coulée (X-X) équipées chacune d'un four de compensation (3a,4a;3b,4b) et d'un chariot (6a,6b), ainsi qu'un train de laminage (8) équipé d'un four de maintien (7), décalé latéralement par rapport aux lignes de coulée (X-X), chaque four de compensation (3a,4a;3b,4b) étant équipé d'une zone de chauffage (3a,3b), une zone de tampon(4a, 4b) ainsi qu'une partie de four (5) servant de stockage pour surmonter les périodes transitoires d'arrêt du train de laminage (8) en cas de production d'ébauche continue, caractérisée en ce qu'une partie de four (5) servant au stockage est agencée sur la ligne de laminage (Y-Y), à une distance latérale à côté des fours de compensation (3a,3b;4a,4b) de la ligne de coulée (X-X), et en ce qu'une partie de four de stockage supplémentaire (20a) ou (20b) est agencée dans au moins l'une des lignes de coulée (X-X), de préférance dans les deux lignes de coulée, à une distance longitudinale du four de compensation (3,4) qui correspond aux chariots (6aou 6b).
  5. Installation selon la revendication 4 caractérisée en ce que la partie de four de stockage (5) s'étend approximativement parallèlement aux zones de chauffage et tampon (3a,3b ou 4a,4b) des fours de compensation.
  6. Installation selon la revendication 4 caractérisée en ce que les parties de four de stockage supplémentaires (20a) ou (20b) s'étendent sur la ligne de coulée (X-X) approximativement parallèlement au four de maintien (7) logé sur la ligne de laminage (Y-Y).
EP93116476A 1992-10-13 1993-10-12 Méthode et dispositif pour manufacture de tÔles ou poutres laminées à chaud en matière coulée Expired - Lifetime EP0593001B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4234454A DE4234454A1 (de) 1992-10-13 1992-10-13 Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von warmgewalzten Bändern oder Profilen aus stranggegossenem Vormaterial
DE4234454 1992-10-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0593001A1 EP0593001A1 (fr) 1994-04-20
EP0593001B1 true EP0593001B1 (fr) 1997-02-05

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EP93116476A Expired - Lifetime EP0593001B1 (fr) 1992-10-13 1993-10-12 Méthode et dispositif pour manufacture de tÔles ou poutres laminées à chaud en matière coulée

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5560095A (fr)
EP (1) EP0593001B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06190401A (fr)
KR (1) KR960016454B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1047334C (fr)
AT (1) ATE148645T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2108239A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4234454A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2098622T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2108877C1 (fr)
TW (1) TW263451B (fr)

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CN1047112C (zh) * 1994-06-18 1999-12-08 冶金工业部北京钢铁设计研究总院 短流程钢坯热装输送方法及设备
DE19512953A1 (de) * 1995-03-28 1996-10-02 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von warmgewalztem Stahlband
IT1281442B1 (it) * 1995-10-27 1998-02-18 Danieli Off Mecc Procedimento di laminazione per nastri e lamiere e linea di laminazione che concretizza tale procedimento
DE19639298C2 (de) * 1996-09-25 2000-02-24 Schloemann Siemag Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von dünnen Brammen mit direkt anschließendem Walzprozeß/Walzwerk
GB2326119B (en) * 1997-06-10 1999-12-08 Kvaerner Tech & Res Ltd Casting and rolling of metals
DE19730599A1 (de) * 1997-07-17 1999-01-21 Schloemann Siemag Ag Walzstraße
AT407348B (de) * 1997-10-10 2001-02-26 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren zum herstellen eines warmgewalzten produktes und anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens
NL1007730C2 (nl) * 1997-12-08 1999-06-09 Hoogovens Staal Bv Inrichting en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een stalen band.
DE19814223A1 (de) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 Schloemann Siemag Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von mikrolegierten Baustählen
US6897474B2 (en) * 2002-04-12 2005-05-24 Universal Display Corporation Protected organic electronic devices and methods for making the same
CN100443200C (zh) * 2004-01-12 2008-12-17 鞍钢股份有限公司 双连铸机四流单辊道三加热炉中薄板坯直装物流控制方法
CN101310029B (zh) * 2005-10-31 2010-12-29 Sms西马格股份公司 用于热轧输入材料的方法和精轧机
DE102006005635A1 (de) 2006-02-08 2007-08-09 Sms Demag Ag Rollenherdofen zum Aufheizen und/oder Temperaturausgleichen von Stranggiessprodukten aus Stahl oder Stahllegierung und dessen Anordnung vor einer Warmband-Fertigwalzstrasse
DE102007043003A1 (de) 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Sms Demag Ag Einrichtung zur Überleitung von Stranggießbrammen
CN101693254B (zh) * 2009-10-14 2011-07-20 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 一种长型材连铸连轧的生产设备
DE102010050647A1 (de) * 2009-11-21 2011-05-26 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Anlage und Verfahren zum Gießen und Walzen von Metall
DE102011003146A1 (de) 2011-01-26 2012-07-26 Sms Siemag Ag Transportsystem sowie Verfahren zum Transportieren von Walzgut zwischen mindestens zwie Verarbeitungslinien
AT511674B1 (de) * 2011-06-24 2013-04-15 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh Inbetriebnahme einer fertigwalzstrasse in einer giess-walz-verbundanlage
ITUD20130127A1 (it) 2013-10-04 2015-04-05 Danieli Off Mecc Impianto siderurgico per la produzione di prodotti metallici lunghi e relativo metodo di produzione

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CH609592A5 (fr) * 1975-06-06 1979-03-15 Prolizenz Ag
DE3741220A1 (de) * 1987-12-05 1989-06-15 Schloemann Siemag Ag Stranggussanlage fuer vorband
DE3927189A1 (de) * 1989-08-17 1991-02-21 Schloemann Siemag Ag Anlage zur herstellung von stahlband
FR2655894B1 (fr) * 1989-12-19 1994-05-27 Stein Heurtey Dispositif de stockage de produits metallurgiques, tels que brames minces.
DE4001288A1 (de) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-25 Schloemann Siemag Ag Anlage zum auswalzen von warmbreitband
DE4017928A1 (de) * 1990-06-05 1991-12-12 Schloemann Siemag Ag Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von warmgewalzten baendern oder profilen aus stranggegossenem vormaterial
DE4041205A1 (de) * 1990-12-21 1992-06-25 Schloemann Siemag Ag Verfahren und anlage zum auswalzen von warmbreitband aus stranggegossenen duennbrammen
DE4234455A1 (de) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-14 Schloemann Siemag Ag Verfahren und Anlage zum Auswalzen von Warmbreitband aus stranggegossenen Dünnbrammen

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Publication number Publication date
TW263451B (fr) 1995-11-21
CA2108239A1 (fr) 1994-04-14
JPH06190401A (ja) 1994-07-12
ATE148645T1 (de) 1997-02-15
DE4234454A1 (de) 1994-04-14
CN1086466A (zh) 1994-05-11
KR940008760A (ko) 1994-05-16
ES2098622T3 (es) 1997-05-01
DE59305386D1 (de) 1997-03-20
EP0593001A1 (fr) 1994-04-20
US5560095A (en) 1996-10-01
KR960016454B1 (ko) 1996-12-12
CN1047334C (zh) 1999-12-15
RU2108877C1 (ru) 1998-04-20

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