EP0584026A1 - Coupling assembly between two successive wagons and a common bogie - Google Patents
Coupling assembly between two successive wagons and a common bogie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0584026A1 EP0584026A1 EP93440063A EP93440063A EP0584026A1 EP 0584026 A1 EP0584026 A1 EP 0584026A1 EP 93440063 A EP93440063 A EP 93440063A EP 93440063 A EP93440063 A EP 93440063A EP 0584026 A1 EP0584026 A1 EP 0584026A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coupling assembly
- assembly according
- wagon
- pivoting
- bogie
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D47/00—Loading or unloading devices combined with vehicles, e.g. loading platforms, doors convertible into loading and unloading ramps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
- B61D3/16—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G5/00—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for
- B61G5/02—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for for coupling articulated trains, locomotives and tenders or the bogies of a vehicle; Coupling by means of a single coupling bar; Couplings preventing or limiting relative lateral movement of vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coupling assembly between two successive wagon structures and a common bogie.
- French patent applications No. 91 10590, No. 92 02763 and No. 92 02764 in the name of the applicant relate to a wagon structure with a lowered bottom provided with integrated lifting means and means for coupling the adjacent ends of two wagon structures successive on the same bogie, making it possible to implement various loading and unloading processes on a handling area or in a marshalling yard.
- the wagon structure described in these depots has most of the many advantages desired, in particular by the simplicity of construction, as well as the lateral transhipment possibilities.
- the present invention makes it possible to remedy these drawbacks so as to satisfy all of the requirements concerning this type of wagon structure.
- the invention relates to a coupling assembly between successive wagon structures and a common bogie, each wagon structure having on the one hand a front end formed by two branches converging in a point, and an open rear end delimited by two arms parallel in the manner of a stretcher .
- a joint articulated assembly on the bogie pivotally receives the tip of the front end and a pivoting cross member comprising at each of its ends a receiving support for the arms of the open rear end of the preceding structure which have at their ends joining means cooperating with the receiving supports for the rapid coupling of this rear end.
- the means of establishing and maintaining the connection with the preceding wagon structure consists at each end of the pivoting cross member of a transverse immobilization finger mounted in elastic return opening transversely in each receiving support and a mechanism receiving and extracting existing at each end of the arms of the rear end of the previous wagon structure.
- the coupling assembly according to the invention is intended for particular wagon structures, in particular of the type described in the previous deposits mentioned above.
- a front bogie 1 or rear bogie 2 is traditionally composed of two axles 3 and 4 which, if necessary, carry brake discs.
- the ends of the axles are mounted in rolling boxes such as 5 and 6 supporting twinning blocks 7 and 8 constituting with various other mechanical elements a chassis not shown in detail.
- This chassis conventionally supports at least one ball joint called a crapaudine 9.
- This ball joint commonly receives pivotally the lower end structure of the conventional wagon supported by the bogie.
- This common bogie interface adaptable to all common railway rolling bases, is used to articulate and connect the front and rear ends of two successive wagon structures on the same bogie by means of the coupling according to the invention.
- flank pieces extend towards the rear end 13 at an upper level by two parallel arms 14 and 15, in the manner of a stretcher defining with the adjacent edges of the side pieces and the transverse end of the bottom an access opening 16 for a load.
- the rear transverse edge 17 of the bottom 12 is offset forward so as to allow the tractor of a semi-trailer to remain on the ground during loading / unloading.
- the side pieces extend towards the front end 18 by two converging branches 19 and 20 arranged approximately at the same upper level as the arms of the rear end. They have a general "V" shape converging towards a point 21 directed forwards in a median zone determined by the general median vertical plane of the wagon structure and an upper horizontal plane which may be that delimited by the two upper parallel edges of the flank pieces.
- the front end 18 shaped as a "V” with two branches is secured to a common central articulated pivot assembly 22 with a common geometric axis 23.
- This articulated assembly 22 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5 is made up of, without limitation, a pivot-cylinder 24 on which the point 21 of the front end 18 is fixed in "V" shape and on which is pivotally mounted an internal articulation 25 of the single-bearing or ball-bearing type, the articulated assembly 22 being mounted on the clamp 8.
- a pivoting crosspiece 26 is mechanically integrated at the front end, namely that this front end is produced by two spaced plates 27 and 28 held apart by a spacer 29, mounted on the joint articulated assembly 22, and namely that the pivoting crossmember is also mounted on this articulated assembly 22 by the internal articulation 25, and is housed in the existing space between the two front end plates.
- the two plates 27 and 28 forming the front end are secured to the pivot cylinder 24 itself pivoting relative to the bogie.
- the front end 18 can be made separable from the articulated assembly 22.
- the internal articulation 25 authorizes the pivoting movements of the cross-member. As indicated, this articulation 25 may have an additional degree of freedom by being of the mixed pivot-ball joint type in order to allow small deflections in inclination such as those caused by the movements of roll and pitch.
- the pivoting crosspiece 26 will therefore be mechanically free, in particular in independent pivoting movements. However, it is sandwiched between the two spaced plates 27 and 28 of the front end 18 and limited in angular movement by the spacer 29.
- the pivot joint of the end of the support structure and the upper and lower joints have a common axis 23.
- the pivoting crosspiece 26 comprises at each of its ends a receiving support 30,31 making it possible to establish, maintain and dissociate the junction between the ends of the pivoting crosspiece and the ends 32,33 of the arms of the rear end of an adjacent wagon structure.
- Each reception support 30.31 is shaped according to a cradle 34 or a housing 35 in folded sheet ( Figure 6) in each of which emerges a transverse finger such as 36 mounted movable transversely and in elastic return to its extended position.
- Each cradle or housing has the general shape of a gutter with entry ramps on an inclined lower part 37 and on the other hand lined with converging lateral entry ramps 38,39.
- the front end 18 is formed from a single plate and can dissociate vertically from the bogie.
- the cross member is free because it is not sandwiched and the loading / unloading by vertical dissociation applies fully.
- the reception-immobilization means consist of reception supports and transverse immobilization fingers such as 36 movable transversely between a retracted position and an extended position towards which they are constrained by a return spring.
- Each immobilizing finger may have a cylindrical body 40 sliding in a cylindrical housing 41 and a head with two chamfers 42 and 43, for example slightly inclined, as shown in Figure 7.
- the joining means relate first of all to the converging shape of the ends of each arm of the stretcher produced for example by several ramps converging towards a tapered end 46.
- an engagement-extraction mechanism such as 47 visible in FIGS. 6 and 8.
- the rocker 49 comprises a bent pivoting release piece 52 articulated on the one hand to a pivot axis 53 and on the other hand at the end of the connecting rod 51 by a lateral yoke 54.
- the wagon structure optionally comprises, in the vicinity of its ends, individual lifting means optionally with integrated or non-integrated rolling, preferably autonomous, for example stands 55 , 56 provided at each end of each flank piece and this at one end of the wagon structure or at both ends at the same time.
- individual lifting means optionally with integrated or non-integrated rolling, preferably autonomous, for example stands 55 , 56 provided at each end of each flank piece and this at one end of the wagon structure or at both ends at the same time.
- crutches targeted is that of a retractable and extendable crutch, for example telescopic.
- the crutches can be hydraulic, or manually operated.
- each stand 55,56 may be fitted with rolling means with a directional or fixed axis.
- the lower ends of the crutches will be mounted on a pivoting running gear.
- twist locks such as 57 and 58 cooperating with the lower corner pieces of the containers with a view to their attachment to the wagon structure.
- twistlocks In order to admit large containers, four additional twistlocks are provided, including two at the front such as 59 and two at the rear such as 60. These twistlocks are supported by a retractable plate which makes it possible to erase the whole in the wall of each of ends of each of the flank pieces.
- an ear It is then loading / unloading obliquely, called an ear, according to which the rear ends of the load-bearing railway structures are released from the neighboring load-bearing structure by a movement consisting of withdrawal-release and then rotation to a position offset in oblique allowing longitudinal penetration obliquely into the supporting structure by its transverse end opening for loading / unloading.
- the first mode concerns in-line or longitudinal loading / unloading.
- This loading / unloading mode requires a loading area with rails integrated into the ground.
- the transport unit rail is secured or disengaged by a longitudinal horizontal movement of translation of its open end provided by external means.
- the road unit is loaded or unloaded, either directly along the linear structures carrying displacement, or indirectly, via one or more transverse supporting structure (s) mobile (s) on which one or on which rests its road running gear.
- Loading / unloading is carried out by bringing the rear end obliquely after separation from the neighboring supporting structure by any means, for example using crutches, then offset obliquely by rolling on the loading dock, operation during which the supporting structure as a whole pivots around its front end while taking pivoting support on the front bogie.
- the supporting structure After loading, for example, a road vehicle, the supporting structure is returned laterally to its initial position by an overall pivoting movement in the same manner as above, but in reverse order.
- the lifting means for example integrated in the form of crutches, raise the front ends of the side pieces, and come to place them opposite the securing-locking means of the front end of the following supporting structure.
- the supporting structure After coupling and locking, the supporting structure is ready in the convoy with its new load for rail transport.
- the rear end lifting means integrated into the wagon or exterior structure will, after opening additional safety latches (not shown), separate the joining means and obtain the dissociation of the wagon structure from the interface bogie.
- a rotational movement around the front end will ensure the clearance of the rear end by an oblique offset.
- the front end is then disengaged and brought out of alignment with the convoy.
- This overall lifting makes it possible to extract the rail transport unit with its load from the convoy, to deposit it elsewhere on standby, or to insert it with its load in another rail convoy.
- Lifting means at both ends will allow the wagon structure to be removed by transverse or longitudinal shift.
- the means described above will offer the possibility of choosing and carrying out the loading / unloading mode best suited to the load (container, road unit or other) and to the configuration of the handling area of the station, train and the constraints and particularities of the sorting operation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Intermediate Stations On Conveyors (AREA)
- Replacing, Conveying, And Pick-Finding For Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un ensemble d'accouplement entre deux structures wagon successives et un bogie commun.The present invention relates to a coupling assembly between two successive wagon structures and a common bogie.
Le développement considérable des transports routiers dans les pays industrialisés a obligé les industriels à trouver des solutions de conversion rapide rail/route et inversement ou de transport d'unités routières totalement ou partiellement constituées afin de délester le réseau routier sans perdre les avantages du transport par route.The considerable development of road transport in industrialized countries has forced manufacturers to find solutions for rapid rail / road conversion and vice versa or for transporting fully or partially constituted road units in order to offload the road network without losing the advantages of transport by road.
Les demandes de brevets françaises n° 91 10590, n° 92 02763 et n° 92 02764 au nom du déposant portent sur une structure wagon à fond surbaissé munie de moyens de levage intégrés et de moyens d'accouplement des extrémités adjacentes de deux structures wagon successives sur un même bogie, permettant de mettre en oeuvre divers procédés de chargement et de déchargement sur une aire de manutention ou dans une gare de triage.French patent applications No. 91 10590, No. 92 02763 and No. 92 02764 in the name of the applicant relate to a wagon structure with a lowered bottom provided with integrated lifting means and means for coupling the adjacent ends of two wagon structures successive on the same bogie, making it possible to implement various loading and unloading processes on a handling area or in a marshalling yard.
La structure wagon décrite dans ces dépôts présente la plupart des nombreux avantages souhaités, notamment par la simplicité de construction, ainsi que les possibilités de transbordement latéraux.The wagon structure described in these depots has most of the many advantages desired, in particular by the simplicity of construction, as well as the lateral transhipment possibilities.
Cependant, les accouplements entre les structures wagon et les manoeuvres d'approche, de jonction et de verrouillage demandent des manipulations précises et délicates exigeant une adresse certaine et une attention soutenue. En effet, l'accouplement de chaque extrémité arrière d'une structure wagon sur le bogie nécessite un centrage préalable avant la pose.However, the couplings between the wagon structures and the approach, joining and locking maneuvers require precise and delicate handling requiring a certain skill and sustained attention. Indeed, the coupling of each rear end of a wagon structure on the bogie requires prior centering before installation.
Ceci nuit à la rapidité et à la sécurité des opérations de transbordement, manutention et constitution des convois.This is detrimental to the speed and safety of transhipment operations, handling and constitution of convoys.
La présente invention permet de remédier à ces inconvénients de façon à satisfaire à l'ensemble des exigences concernant ce type de structure wagon.The present invention makes it possible to remedy these drawbacks so as to satisfy all of the requirements concerning this type of wagon structure.
A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un ensemble d'accouplement entre structures wagon successives et un bogie commun, chaque structure wagon présentant d'une part une extrémité avant formée de deux branches convergeant en une pointe, et une extrémité arrière ouverte délimitée par deux bras parallèles à la manière d'un brancard. Un ensemble articulé commun sur le bogie reçoit à pivotement la pointe de l'extrémité avant et une traverse pivotante comportant à chacune de ses extrémités un support de réception pour les bras de l'extrémité arrière ouverte de la structure précédente qui présentent à leurs extrémités des moyens de jonction coopérant avec les supports de réception en vue de l'accouplement rapide de cette extrémité arrière.To this end, the invention relates to a coupling assembly between successive wagon structures and a common bogie, each wagon structure having on the one hand a front end formed by two branches converging in a point, and an open rear end delimited by two arms parallel in the manner of a stretcher . A joint articulated assembly on the bogie pivotally receives the tip of the front end and a pivoting cross member comprising at each of its ends a receiving support for the arms of the open rear end of the preceding structure which have at their ends joining means cooperating with the receiving supports for the rapid coupling of this rear end.
Le moyen d'établissement et de maintien de la liaison avec la structure wagon précédente se compose à chacune des extrémités de la traverse pivotante d'un doigt transversal d'immobilisation monté en rappel élastique débouchant transversalement dans chaque support de réception et d'un mécanisme de réception et d'extraction existant à chacune des extrémités des bras de l'extrémité arrière de la structure wagon précédente.The means of establishing and maintaining the connection with the preceding wagon structure consists at each end of the pivoting cross member of a transverse immobilization finger mounted in elastic return opening transversely in each receiving support and a mechanism receiving and extracting existing at each end of the arms of the rear end of the previous wagon structure.
De cette façon, les manoeuvres d'accouplement et de désaccouplement sont à la fois plus simples et plus rapides. En effet, on s'est affranchi totalement de la nécessité d'effectuer des coïncidences d'organes ou de pièces mécaniques avant la phase d'accouplement.In this way, the coupling and uncoupling operations are both simpler and faster. Indeed, we completely got rid of the need to perform coincidences of organs or mechanical parts before the coupling phase.
Les caractéristiques techniques et d'autres avantages de l'invention sont consignés dans la description qui suit, effectuée à titre d'exemple non limitatif sur un mode d'exécution en référence aux dessins accompagnants dans lesquels :
- . la figure 1 est une vue générale en perspective d'une structure wagon perfectionnée, en position inverse, montrant à son extrémité avant la variante principale de l'ensemble d'accouplement selon l'invention ;
- . la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'extrémité avant et de l'interface de bogie sur laquelle elle est montée :
- . la figure 3 est une vue en perspective de l'extrémité arrière et du bogie sur lequel elle est destinée à être montée ;
- . la figure 4 est une vue en perspective des deux extrémités opposées de deux structures wagon successives avant jonction de liaison ;
- . la figure 5 est une vue de détail en perspective d'un des bras et de l'extrémité arrière coupée par un plan médian au niveau de l'ensemble commun articulé ;
- . la figure 6 est une vue schématique en perspective, parois latérales transparentes, des moyens de jonction et de réception, avant accouplement d'un des bras, de deux structures successives ;
- . la figure 7 est une vue en perspective partiellement en coupe d'un support de réception de la traverse pivotante montrant un doigt rétractable d'immobilisation ;
- . la figure 8 est une vue en perspective du moyen de jonction formé du dispositif de dégagement et d'une pièce de réception.
- . Figure 1 is a general perspective view of an improved wagon structure, in the reverse position, showing at its front end the main variant of the coupling assembly according to the invention;
- . FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the front end and of the bogie interface on which it is mounted:
- . Figure 3 is a perspective view of the rear end and the bogie on which it is intended to be mounted;
- . Figure 4 is a perspective view of the two opposite ends of two successive wagon structures before connecting junction;
- . Figure 5 is a detailed perspective view of one of the arms and the rear end cut by a median plane at the joint articulated assembly;
- . Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view, transparent side walls, means of joining and receiving, before coupling of one of the arms, of two successive structures;
- . Figure 7 is a perspective view partially in section of a support for receiving the pivoting cross member showing a retractable immobilization finger;
- . Figure 8 is a perspective view of the joining means formed of the release device and a receiving part.
L'ensemble d'accouplement selon l'invention est destiné à des structures wagon particulières, notamment du type de celle décrite dans les dépôts antérieurs mentionnés ci-dessus.The coupling assembly according to the invention is intended for particular wagon structures, in particular of the type described in the previous deposits mentioned above.
Il s'agit d'une structure porteuse répondant aux normes ferroviaires destinée à venir s'accoupler de façon dissociable par chacune de ses extrémités avec l'extrémité opposée d'une structure adjacente précédente et suivante et par une interface sur un bogie commun, l'interface de bogie étant identique pour tous les bogies d'un même convoi ferroviaire.It is a load-bearing structure meeting railway standards intended to couple in a dissociable manner by each of its ends with the opposite end of a previous and next adjacent structure and by an interface on a common bogie, l the bogie interface being identical for all the bogies of the same railway convoy.
De façon non limitative et non restrictive dans l'application, on décrira tout d'abord ci-après, pour des raisons de clarté et de suffisance de description, les moyens généraux d'interface de bogie objets d'une protection parallèle et susceptibles de recevoir de façon dissociable par ses extrémités la structure wagon selon l'invention, et simultanément les caractéristiques générales de cette structure wagon.In a nonlimiting and nonlimiting manner in the application, we will first describe below, for reasons of clarity and sufficient description, the general means of bogie interface which are the subject of parallel protection and capable of receiving the wagon structure according to the invention in its separable manner, and simultaneously the general characteristics of this wagon structure.
Un bogie avant 1 ou arrière 2 se compose de façon traditionnelle de deux essieux 3 et 4 qui portent, le cas échéant, des disques de frein.A
Les extrémités des essieux sont montées dans des boites de roulement telles que 5 et 6 supportant des blocs de jumelage 7 et 8 constituant avec divers autres éléments mécaniques un châssis non représenté en détail. Ce châssis supporte classiquement au moins une articulation à rotule appelée crapaudine 9.The ends of the axles are mounted in rolling boxes such as 5 and 6 supporting
Cette rotule reçoit communément à pivotement la structure inférieure d'extrémité du wagon classique supporté par le bogie.This ball joint commonly receives pivotally the lower end structure of the conventional wagon supported by the bogie.
Pour des raisons de clarté du dessin, il n'a été représenté sur les figures que les structures principales des bogies. Ainsi, certains supports mécaniques de liaison existants sont invisibles.For reasons of clarity of the drawing, only the main structures of the bogies have been shown in the figures. Thus, some existing mechanical connection supports are invisible.
Cette interface commune de bogie, adaptable à toutes les bases roulantes ferroviaires courantes, est utilisée pour articuler et relier les extrémités avant et arrière de deux structures wagon successives sur un même bogie par l'intermédiaire de l'accouplement conforme à l'invention.This common bogie interface, adaptable to all common railway rolling bases, is used to articulate and connect the front and rear ends of two successive wagon structures on the same bogie by means of the coupling according to the invention.
On décrira maintenant sommairement en référence à la figure 1 une structure wagon destinée à s'intégrer dans un convoi entre deux structures semblables et à être montée sur les deux bogies avant 1 et arrière 2 par l'intermédiaire d'accouplements selon l'invention.We will now briefly describe with reference to Figure 1 a wagon structure intended to be integrated in a convoy between two similar structures and to be mounted on the two bogies before 1 and rear 2 by means of couplings according to the invention.
Elle se compose de deux pièces de flanc 10 et 11 réunies entre elles au niveau de leur base par un fond surbaissé 12.It consists of two
Les pièces de flanc se prolongent vers l'extrémité arrière 13 à un niveau supérieur par deux bras parallèles 14 et 15, à la manière d'un brancard délimitant avec les bords adjacents des pièces de flanc et l'extrémité transversale du fond une ouverture d'accès 16 pour une charge.The flank pieces extend towards the
La conformation générale de l'extrémité arrière visible sur les figures est telle que le plan d'ouverture de celle-ci est situé largement en retrait par rapport aux extrémités des bras.The general conformation of the rear end visible in the figures is such that the opening plane of the latter is situated far behind the ends of the arms.
Ainsi, le bord transversal arrière 17 du fond 12 se trouve décalé vers l'avant de manière à permettre au tracteur d'une semi-remorque de rester au sol lors du chargement/déchargement.Thus, the rear
Les pièces de flanc se prolongent vers l'extrémité avant 18 par deux branches convergentes 19 et 20 disposées approximativement au même niveau supérieur que les bras de l'extrémité arrière. Elles affectent une forme générale en "V" convergeant vers une pointe 21 dirigée vers l'avant dans une zone médiane déterminée par le plan vertical général médian de la structure wagon et un plan horizontal supérieur pouvant être celui délimité par les deux bords parallèles supérieurs des pièces de flanc.The side pieces extend towards the
L'extrémité avant 18 conformée en "V" à deux branches vient se solidariser sur un ensemble central commun articulé de pivotement 22 à axe géométrique commun 23. Cet ensemble articulé 22 représenté schématiquement sur la figure 5 se compose de façon non limitative d'un cylindre-pivot 24 sur lequel est solidarisée la pointe 21 de l'extrémité avant 18 en "V" et sur lequel est montée à pivotement une articulation intérieure 25 du type à roulement simple ou à roulement avec effet de rotule, l'ensemble articulé 22 étant monté sur la crapaudine 8.The
Une traverse pivotante 26 est intégrée mécaniquement à l'extrémité avant, à savoir que cette extrémité avant est réalisée par deux plaques espacées 27 et 28 maintenues distantes par une entretoise 29, montées sur l'ensemble commun articulé 22, et à savoir que la traverse pivotante est également montée sur cet ensemble articulé 22 par l'articulation intérieure 25, et se trouve logée dans l'espace existant entre les deux plaques de l'extrémité avant.A pivoting
Selon le mode de construction utilisé pour la variante de base, les deux plaques 27 et 28 formant l'extrémité avant sont solidarisées au cylindre-pivot 24 lui-même pivotant par rapport au bogie.According to the construction method used for the basic variant, the two
Dans une version élaborée, l'extrémité avant 18 peut être réalisée dissociable de l'ensemble articulé 22.In an elaborate version, the
L'articulation intérieure 25 autorise les mouvements de pivotement de la traverse. Comme indiqué, cette articulation 25 pourra présenter un degré de liberté supplémentaire en étant du type mixte pivot-rotule afin de permettre de faibles débattements en inclinaison tels que ceux provoqués par les mouvements de roulis et de tangage.The
La traverse pivotante 26 sera donc mécaniquement libre notamment en mouvements de pivotement indépendants. Cependant, elle se trouve prise en sandwich entre les deux plaques espacées 27 et 28 de l'extrémité avant 18 et limitée en débattement angulaire par l'entretoise 29.The pivoting
Comme mentionné ci-dessus, l'articulation pivotante de l'extrémité de la structure porteuse et les articulations supérieures et inférieures ont un axe commun 23.As mentioned above, the pivot joint of the end of the support structure and the upper and lower joints have a
La traverse pivotante 26 comporte à chacune de ses extrémités un support de réception 30,31 permettant d'assurer l'établissement, le maintien et la dissociation de la jonction entre les extrémités de la traverse pivotante et les extrémités 32,33 des bras de l'extrémité arrière d'une structure wagon adjacente.The pivoting
Chaque support de réception 30,31 est conformé selon un berceau 34 ou un logement 35 en tôle pliée (figure 6) dans chacun desquels émerge un doigt transversal tel que 36 monté mobile transversalement et en rappel élastique vers sa position sortie. Chaque berceau ou logement affecte la forme générale d'une gouttière à rampes d'entrée d'une part inférieure inclinée 37 et d'autre part doublée de rampes d'entrée latérales convergentes 38,39.Each reception support 30.31 is shaped according to a
Ces rampes grâce à la fonction guidage qu'elles procurent permettent d'engager et de placer par le même mouvement les extrémités des bras dans les supports de réception et d'ajuster automatiquement les extrémités du brancard légèrement en hauteur pour être amenées à niveau avec la traverse pivotante, c'est-à-dire dans la position de roulage.These ramps, thanks to the guidance function which they provide, allow the ends of the arms to be engaged and placed by the same movement in the receiving supports and to automatically adjust the ends of the stretcher slightly in height to be brought level with the pivoting cross member, that is to say in the rolling position.
Dans une variante simplifiée, l'extrémité avant 18 est formée d'une seule plaque et peut se dissocier verticalement du bogie. Dans ce cas, la traverse est libre car non prise en sandwich et le chargement/déchargement par dissociation verticale s'applique totalement.In a simplified variant, the
On examinera maintenant plus particulièrement en référence aux figures 6 à 8 les moyens de jonction prévus à l'extrémité de chaque bras du brancard, destinés à coopérer avec des moyens de réception-immobilisation prévus à chacune des extrémités de la traverse pivotante en vue de l'établissement d'une liaison dissociable.We will now examine more particularly with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8 the joining means provided at the end of each arm of the stretcher, intended to cooperate with reception-immobilization means provided at each end of the pivoting cross member for the purpose of establishment of a severable link.
Tout d'abord, les moyens de réception-immobilisation se composent des supports de réception et des doigts transversaux d'immobilisation tels que 36 mobiles transversalement entre une position rentrée et une position sortie vers laquelle ils sont contraints par un ressort de rappel.First of all, the reception-immobilization means consist of reception supports and transverse immobilization fingers such as 36 movable transversely between a retracted position and an extended position towards which they are constrained by a return spring.
Chaque doigt d'immobilisation peut présenter un corps cylindrique 40 coulissant dans un logement cylindrique 41 et une tête à deux chanfreins 42 et 43, par exemple légèrement inclinés, comme représenté sur la figure 7. Sur cette figure, on voit également une tige de guidage 44 et un logement 45 dans lequel est monté un ressort de rappel (non représenté).Each immobilizing finger may have a
Les moyens de jonction concernent quant à eux tout d'abord la forme convergente des extrémités de chaque bras du brancard réalisée par exemple par plusieurs rampes convergeant vers une extrémité effilée 46.The joining means relate first of all to the converging shape of the ends of each arm of the stretcher produced for example by several ramps converging towards a
Dans chacune de ces extrémités est logé un mécanisme d'engagement-extraction tel que 47 visible sur les figures 6 et 8.In each of these ends is housed an engagement-extraction mechanism such as 47 visible in FIGS. 6 and 8.
Il se compose d'une pièce de réception 48 dans l'ouverture de laquelle vient s'engager le doigt d'immobilisation et d'un dispositif de dégagement formé d'un basculeur 49 actionné par un élément articulé 50 à bielle réglable 51 ou équivalent. Le basculeur 49 comprend une pièce coudée pivotante de dégagement 52 articulée d'une part à un axe de pivotement 53 et d'autre part à l'extrémité de la bielle 51 par une chape latérale 54.It consists of a receiving
L'appui de l'extrémité de la pièce coudée de dégagement 52 sur la tête du doigt rétractable d'immobilisation 36 permet d'extraire la pièce de réception 48 et de libérer l'extrémité correspondante du brancard. La dissociation complète est ensuite effectuée par une courte translation longitudinale.Pressing the end of the
Grâce à ces moyens de jonction automatique et de réception-immobilisation avec dégagement mécanique, on évite, lors des opérations d'accouplement, les ajustements multiples de précentrage nécessaires avec des dispositifs à pions de centrage par exemple. En effet, la hauteur s'ajuste automatiquement et le centrage-guidage est assuré, grace aux rampes d'entrée prévues aux extrémités des supports de réception et à l'extrémité effilée de chaque bras.Thanks to these means of automatic junction and reception-immobilization with mechanical clearance, it is avoided, during coupling operations, the multiple pre-centering adjustments necessary with devices with centering pins for example. Indeed, the height adjusts automatically and centering-guidance is ensured, thanks to the entry ramps provided at the ends of the receiving supports and at the tapered end of each arm.
Afin de permettre le pivotement et un premier ajustement en hauteur de l'une ou l'autre extrémité ou des deux simultanément, la structure wagon comporte de façon optionnelle au voisinage de ses extrémités des moyens individuels de levage éventuellement à roulage intégré ou non, de préférence autonomes, par exemple des béquille 55,56 prévues à chacune des extrémités de chaque pièce de flanc et ceci à une seule extrémité de la structure wagon ou aux deux extrémités à la fois.To allow pivoting and a first height adjustment of one or the other end or both simultaneously, the wagon structure optionally comprises, in the vicinity of its ends, individual lifting means optionally with integrated or non-integrated rolling, preferably autonomous, for example stands 55 , 56 provided at each end of each flank piece and this at one end of the wagon structure or at both ends at the same time.
Le type de béquilles visé est celui d'une béquille escamotable et extensible par exemple télescopique. Les béquilles pourront être hydrauliques, ou bien actionnées manuellement.The type of crutches targeted is that of a retractable and extendable crutch, for example telescopic. The crutches can be hydraulic, or manually operated.
En vue de permettre de façon totalement autonome le débattement de la structure wagon du convoi par mouvement transversal en oblique, on pourra équiper la base de chaque béquille 55,56 de moyens de roulement à axe directionnel ou fixe.In order to allow the movement of the wagon structure of the convoy by totally oblique transverse movement, the base of each stand 55,56 may be fitted with rolling means with a directional or fixed axis.
Dans le cas d'un axe fixe, la direction générale constante de celui-ci sera radiale c'est-à-dire passant par le centre de pivotement.In the case of a fixed axis, the constant general direction of the latter will be radial, that is to say passing through the pivot center.
Selon une réalisation avantageuse, on pourra combiner ces moyens de roulement aux béquilles extensibles.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is possible to combine these rolling means with extendable crutches.
Ainsi, les extrémités inférieures des béquilles seront montées sur un train roulant pivotant.Thus, the lower ends of the crutches will be mounted on a pivoting running gear.
Pour permettre le chargement de conteneurs, normalisés ou non, on prévoit, sur le chant supérieur des pièces de flanc, des verrous tournants tels que 57 et 58 coopérant avec les pièces inférieures de coin des conteneurs en vue de leur solidarisation à la structure wagon.To allow the loading of containers, standardized or not, provision is made on the upper edge of the side pieces, twist locks such as 57 and 58 cooperating with the lower corner pieces of the containers with a view to their attachment to the wagon structure.
Afin d'admettre les conteneurs de grande taille, quatre verrous tournants supplémentaires sont prévus, dont deux à l'avant tels que 59 et deux à l'arrière tels que 60. Ces verrous tournants sont supportés par une platine escamotable qui permet d'effacer l'ensemble dans la paroi de chacune des extrémités de chacune des pièces de flanc.In order to admit large containers, four additional twistlocks are provided, including two at the front such as 59 and two at the rear such as 60. These twistlocks are supported by a retractable plate which makes it possible to erase the whole in the wall of each of ends of each of the flank pieces.
De façon générale, plusieurs façons de procéder aux opérations de chargement/déchargement s' avèrent possibles avec l'unité de transport ferroviaire accouplée par l'ensemble d'accouplement selon l'invention.In general, several ways of carrying out the loading / unloading operations prove to be possible with the rail transport unit coupled by the coupling assembly according to the invention.
On distingue les modes de chargement/déchargement suivants.A distinction is made between the following loading / unloading modes.
Il s'agit tout d'abord du chargement/déchargement en ligne ou longitudinal, selon lequel le train d'unités de transport ferroviaire est dissocié au niveau des accouplements entre structures porteuses sans autre mouvement que celui de solidarisation et de désolidarisation longitudinales des moyens de jonction.First of all, it is line / longitudinal loading / unloading, according to which the train of rail transport units is dissociated at the level of couplings between load-bearing structures without any other movement than that of longitudinal joining and uncoupling of the means of junction.
Il s'agit ensuite du chargement/déchargement en oblique, dit en épi, selon lequel les extrémités arrières des structures ferroviaires porteuses sont dégagées de la structure porteuse voisine par un mouvement composé de retrait-dégagement puis de rotation jusqu'à une position décalée en oblique permettant la pénétration longitudinale en oblique dans la structure porteuse par son ouverture transversale d'extrémité en vue de son chargement/déchargement.It is then loading / unloading obliquely, called an ear, according to which the rear ends of the load-bearing railway structures are released from the neighboring load-bearing structure by a movement consisting of withdrawal-release and then rotation to a position offset in oblique allowing longitudinal penetration obliquely into the supporting structure by its transverse end opening for loading / unloading.
Il s'agit finalement du chargement/déchargement vertical par un moyen de manutention extérieur possible dans le cas d'une variante à extrémité avant dissociable et plus particulièrement à extrémité avant à plaque simple.It is finally vertical loading / unloading by means of external handling possible in the case of a variant with dissociable front end and more particularly with front end with single plate.
On décrira ci-après plus en détail les différents modes de chargement/déchargement.The different loading / unloading modes will be described below in more detail.
Le premier mode concerne le chargement/ déchargement en ligne ou longitudinal.The first mode concerns in-line or longitudinal loading / unloading.
Ce mode de chargement/déchargement requiert une aire de chargement dite à rails intégrés dans le sol.This loading / unloading mode requires a loading area with rails integrated into the ground.
Conformément à ce mode, l'unité de transport ferroviaire est solidarisée ou désolidarisée par un mouvement horizontal longitudinal de translation de son extrémité ouverte apporté par des moyens extérieurs. L'unité routière est chargée ou déchargée, soit directement le long des structures linéaires porteuses de déplacement, soit indirectement, par l'intermédiaire d'une ou de plusieurs structure(s) transversale(s) porteuse(s) mobile(s) sur laquelle ou sur lesquelles repose son train roulant routier.In accordance with this mode, the transport unit rail is secured or disengaged by a longitudinal horizontal movement of translation of its open end provided by external means. The road unit is loaded or unloaded, either directly along the linear structures carrying displacement, or indirectly, via one or more transverse supporting structure (s) mobile (s) on which one or on which rests its road running gear.
On examinera maintenant les opérations de chargement/déchargement en oblique dit en épi, permettant d'effectuer toutes ces opérations sans aucunement modifier le convoi ferroviaire, c'est-à-dire indépendamment des autres unités ferroviaires pouvant le constituer.We will now examine the loading / unloading operations at an oblique angle called a spur, allowing all these operations to be carried out without modifying the railway convoy in any way, that is to say independently of the other railway units that may constitute it.
Le chargement/déchargement s'effectue en amenant l'extrémité arrière en oblique après désolidarisation d'avec la structure porteuse voisine par tous moyens, par exemple grâce aux béquilles, puis décalage en oblique par roulement sur le quai de chargement, opération au cours de laquelle la structure porteuse pivote dans son ensemble autour de son extrémité avant en prenant appui de pivotement sur le bogie avant.Loading / unloading is carried out by bringing the rear end obliquely after separation from the neighboring supporting structure by any means, for example using crutches, then offset obliquely by rolling on the loading dock, operation during which the supporting structure as a whole pivots around its front end while taking pivoting support on the front bogie.
Après chargement par exemple d'un véhicule routier, la structure porteuse est ramenée latéralement vers sa position initiale par un mouvement pivotant d'ensemble de la même façon que précédemment, mais en ordre inverse.After loading, for example, a road vehicle, the supporting structure is returned laterally to its initial position by an overall pivoting movement in the same manner as above, but in reverse order.
Les moyens de levage, par exemple intégrés sous forme de béquilles, soulèvent les extrémités avant des pièces de flanc, et viennent les placer en regard des moyens de solidarisation-verrouillage de l'extrémité avant de la structure porteuse suivante.The lifting means, for example integrated in the form of crutches, raise the front ends of the side pieces, and come to place them opposite the securing-locking means of the front end of the following supporting structure.
Après accouplement et verrouillage, la structure porteuse est prête dans le convoi avec son nouveau chargement en vue de son transport ferroviaire.After coupling and locking, the supporting structure is ready in the convoy with its new load for rail transport.
Toutes les opérations de déchargement s'effectuent en ordre inverse des opérations de chargement.All unloading operations loading operations are carried out in reverse order.
D'autre part, grâce aux moyens de levage des deux extrémités lorsqu'ils sont prévus, il est possible de déposer la structure wagon par décalage transversal ou longitudinal dans le cas de variantes dissociables verticalement également par l'avant.On the other hand, thanks to the means for lifting the two ends when they are provided, it is possible to deposit the wagon structure by transverse or longitudinal offset in the case of variants which can also be separated vertically from the front.
Les moyens de levage de l'extrémité arrière intégrés à la structure wagon ou extérieurs permettront, après ouverture des verrous additionnels de sécurité (non représentés), de désolidariser les moyens de jonction et d'obtenir la dissociation de la structure wagon de l'interface de bogie. Un mouvement de rotation autour de l'extrémité avant assurera le dégagement de l'extrémité arrière par un décalage en oblique.The rear end lifting means integrated into the wagon or exterior structure will, after opening additional safety latches (not shown), separate the joining means and obtain the dissociation of the wagon structure from the interface bogie. A rotational movement around the front end will ensure the clearance of the rear end by an oblique offset.
L'extrémité avant est ensuite désolidarisée et amenée hors de l'alignement du convoi.The front end is then disengaged and brought out of alignment with the convoy.
Le mode le plus simple et le plus classique concerne la désolidarisation verticale et le transport par un engin extérieur de levage qui n'est possible ici qu'avec les variantes verticalement dissociables.The simplest and most classic mode concerns vertical separation and transport by an external lifting device which is only possible here with vertically separable variants.
Il suffit de libérer les éventuels blocages ou verrouillages, de désolidariser les moyens de jonction des extrémités des structures wagon adjacentes et de réaliser une légère translation longitudinale (variante élaborée) puis de lever l'ensemble par un engin de levage dont les éléments et organes de préhension prennent appui sur des formes techniques et structures spécialement prévues à cet effet.It suffices to release any blockages or interlocks, to separate the joining means from the ends of the adjacent wagon structures and to carry out a slight longitudinal translation (elaborate variant) then to lift the assembly by a lifting machine whose elements and members gripping are supported by technical forms and structures specially designed for this purpose.
Ce levage d'ensemble permet d'extraire du convoi l'unité de transport ferroviaire avec son chargement, de la déposer ailleurs en attente, ou de l'insérer avec son chargement dans un autre convoi ferroviaire.This overall lifting makes it possible to extract the rail transport unit with its load from the convoy, to deposit it elsewhere on standby, or to insert it with its load in another rail convoy.
Des moyens de levage des deux extrémités permettront la dépose de la structure wagon par décalage transversal ou longitudinal.Lifting means at both ends will allow the wagon structure to be removed by transverse or longitudinal shift.
Les moyens décrits ci-dessus offriront la possibilité de choisir et de réaliser le mode de chargement/déchargement le mieux adapté à la charge (conteneur, unité routière ou autre) et à la configuration de l'aire de manutention de la gare, du train et des contraintes et particularités de l'opération de triage.The means described above will offer the possibility of choosing and carrying out the loading / unloading mode best suited to the load (container, road unit or other) and to the configuration of the handling area of the station, train and the constraints and particularities of the sorting operation.
Il est bien entendu qu'au-delà des moyens décrits, diverses modifications évidentes et variantes simples entrent dans le cadre de la présente invention.It is understood that beyond the means described, various obvious modifications and simple variants fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9210242A FR2694913B1 (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1992-08-20 | Coupling assembly between two successive wagon structures and a common bogie. |
| FR9210242 | 1992-08-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0584026A1 true EP0584026A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 |
| EP0584026B1 EP0584026B1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
Family
ID=9432996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93440063A Expired - Lifetime EP0584026B1 (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1993-08-19 | Coupling assembly between two successive wagons and a common bogie |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5564341A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0584026B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE201360T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU679001B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2142694A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69330237T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2157917T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2694913B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2121932C1 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA29455C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994004406A1 (en) |
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| DE4429710A1 (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1996-02-29 | Jun Alexander Faller | Method and device for handling cargo |
| WO1996037396A1 (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1996-11-28 | Jan Eriksson | Railway waggon |
| WO2001098129A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Lohr Industrie | Combined railway/road transport car comprising two end platforms supporting a pivoting railway structure bearing the road car load |
| WO2001098127A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-27 | Lohr Industrie | System for transporting and skew loading/unloading of cars in a combined railway/road transport railway station and method for using same |
| WO2001098128A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Lohr Industrie | Device for maintaining in relative position end platforms of a combined railway/road transport car during loading/unloading manoeuvres |
| WO2009000707A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-31 | Angiolo Barneschi | Openable railroad car for transporting load units |
| WO2012172515A3 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2013-02-07 | Da Guia Nunes Luis Filipe | Multimodal wagon, method of operation for entering and exiting goods and use thereof |
| CN107415073A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-12-01 | 芜湖市三山龙城新材料有限公司 | A kind of transmission structure of building block processing |
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| US6095055A (en) * | 1991-08-21 | 2000-08-01 | Lohr Industrie | Separable rail transport unit for carrying a load, particularly a road unit |
| US5832839A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-11-10 | National Steel Car | Curved flange sidewall construction for railcar end structure |
| AU758350B2 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2003-03-20 | K A Jones Fabrications Pty Limited | Modular container wagon |
| US6736071B2 (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 2004-05-18 | Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation | Rail cars for intermodal train |
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| US6240853B1 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2001-06-05 | Kasgro Rail Corp. | Method of making depressed center railcars |
| US6491352B2 (en) | 1999-02-22 | 2002-12-10 | Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation | Spring applied parking brake for rail cars |
| US6363864B1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2002-04-02 | Trn Business Trust | Lightweight railroad car for carrying steel coils |
| US6579048B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2003-06-17 | Nat Steel Car Ltd | Coil stop for rail road coil car |
| US6637990B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2003-10-28 | National Steel Car Limited | Coil car with internal walkway |
| US6739268B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2004-05-25 | National Steel Car Ltd | Multiple trough coil car |
| US6505564B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2003-01-14 | National Steel Car Limited | Well car with cross member |
| US6749381B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2004-06-15 | National Steel Car Limited | Retractable coil stop mechanism for railroad coil car |
| US6647898B2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2003-11-18 | Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation | Spring assisted apparatus for ramp actuating mechanism and movable draft arm arrangement |
| CA2433974C (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2013-08-20 | National Steel Car Limited | Symmetrical multi-unit railroad car |
| ES2611926B1 (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-02-27 | Construcciones Y Auxiliar De Ferrocarriles, S.A. | RAILWAY WAGON FOR TRANSPORTATION OF SEMIREMOLKS AND CONTAINERS |
| DE102017003307A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-11 | Hartmut Jörck | Railway transport system for combined transport |
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- 1993-08-19 UA UA95028176A patent/UA29455C2/en unknown
- 1993-08-19 DE DE69330237T patent/DE69330237T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-19 WO PCT/FR1993/000817 patent/WO1994004406A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-08-19 CA CA002142694A patent/CA2142694A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-08-19 AU AU49640/93A patent/AU679001B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-08-19 EP EP93440063A patent/EP0584026B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-19 AT AT93440063T patent/ATE201360T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-19 RU RU95109147A patent/RU2121932C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-19 US US08/381,871 patent/US5564341A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4429710A1 (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1996-02-29 | Jun Alexander Faller | Method and device for handling cargo |
| WO1996037396A1 (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1996-11-28 | Jan Eriksson | Railway waggon |
| US5988073A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1999-11-23 | Eriksson; Jan | Railway waggon |
| FR2810609A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-28 | Lohr Ind | Road/rail transport wagon has road vehicle carrier connected to at least one of waggon's end platforms by lockable and detachable coupling |
| WO2001098128A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Lohr Industrie | Device for maintaining in relative position end platforms of a combined railway/road transport car during loading/unloading manoeuvres |
| WO2001098129A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Lohr Industrie | Combined railway/road transport car comprising two end platforms supporting a pivoting railway structure bearing the road car load |
| FR2810611A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-28 | Lohr Ind | Oblique loading/unloading waggon for road/rail transport system has end platforms connected by low-level lengthwise member to maintain positions |
| CZ304967B6 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2015-02-18 | Lohr Industrie | Wagon for combined railway/road transport of load and loading/unloading thereof |
| WO2001098127A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-27 | Lohr Industrie | System for transporting and skew loading/unloading of cars in a combined railway/road transport railway station and method for using same |
| FR2810612A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-28 | Lohr Ind | Road/rail transport oblique loading/unloading system uses wagons with centre-pivoted supporting structures |
| WO2009000707A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-31 | Angiolo Barneschi | Openable railroad car for transporting load units |
| WO2012172515A3 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2013-02-07 | Da Guia Nunes Luis Filipe | Multimodal wagon, method of operation for entering and exiting goods and use thereof |
| CN107415073A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-12-01 | 芜湖市三山龙城新材料有限公司 | A kind of transmission structure of building block processing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4964093A (en) | 1994-03-15 |
| FR2694913B1 (en) | 1994-09-23 |
| RU95109147A (en) | 1996-11-20 |
| US5564341A (en) | 1996-10-15 |
| ES2157917T3 (en) | 2001-09-01 |
| CA2142694A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
| FR2694913A1 (en) | 1994-02-25 |
| AU679001B2 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
| RU2121932C1 (en) | 1998-11-20 |
| EP0584026B1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
| UA29455C2 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
| DE69330237D1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
| DE69330237T2 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
| WO1994004406A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
| ATE201360T1 (en) | 2001-06-15 |
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