EP0580590B1 - Aerial arrangement - Google Patents

Aerial arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0580590B1
EP0580590B1 EP92904728A EP92904728A EP0580590B1 EP 0580590 B1 EP0580590 B1 EP 0580590B1 EP 92904728 A EP92904728 A EP 92904728A EP 92904728 A EP92904728 A EP 92904728A EP 0580590 B1 EP0580590 B1 EP 0580590B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
accordance
reception
arrangement
antenna arrangement
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92904728A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0580590A1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Schenkyr
Stefan Hamerli
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Hirschmann Electronics GmbH and Co KG
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Hirschmann Electronics GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0580590A1 publication Critical patent/EP0580590A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3283—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle side-mounted antennas, e.g. bumper-mounted, door-mounted
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement with a first antenna for receiving signals in the first frequency band and a second antenna for receiving signals in the second frequency band with a polarization direction different from the wave field of the first frequency band.
  • An antenna arrangement is known from EP-A-0 383 017, in which at least two individual probes are provided.
  • one of the two individual probes as an active antenna for long, medium and / or Use shortwave (LMK) reception and, if necessary, adapt it to be able to use the antenna provided for VHF reception with two individual probes for LMK reception.
  • LMK Use shortwave
  • a capacitive separation of one of the individual antennas from the rest of the antenna arrangement is required.
  • the capacitive separation means that both FM and LMK reception are not optimal.
  • compromises would have to be made regarding the alignment of the individual antennas in relation to the vertically and horizontally polarized wave fields, which would adversely affect the efficiency of both FM and LMK reception.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an antenna arrangement which enables optimum reception quality for the reception of signals in different frequency bands and with wave fields polarized in different directions.
  • the first antenna for receiving signals in the first frequency band has at least two individual probes, which couple to the displacement current of the same, essentially resonant circuit occurring on a conductive structure.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention enables optimal reception of signals in both frequency bands and with differently polarized wave fields, without having to compromise on the level of efficiency.
  • the first antenna is preferably used for receiving essentially horizontally polarized wave fields and the second antenna for receiving essentially vertically polarized wave fields.
  • This additional measure enables a further optimal adaptation of the antennas to the reception of differently polarized wave fields without considering compromises. This further improves the reception properties of the antennas.
  • the efficiency of the second antenna is additionally improved in that the second antenna is arranged orthogonally to a horizontal outer edge of the conductive structure.
  • the edge effect with a compression of the field lines can also be used in this way to improve the reception properties of the second antenna.
  • the second antenna is arranged between the individual probes of the first antenna and in particular in the middle between the individual probes of the first antenna.
  • the first antenna is or is provided with the at least two individual probes for reception in the VHF frequency range and the second antenna for reception in the LMK frequency range.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in connection with mobile reception.
  • the conductive structure on which an essentially resonant circuit occurs is or are preferably the metal body or electrically conductive parts of a motor vehicle.
  • the individual probes of the first antenna and / or the second antenna can preferably be short antennas with respect to the received wavelength, which enable a compact arrangement, in particular with regard to integrated antenna arrangements for mobile reception. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the first and / or the second antenna is an active antenna.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in interconnecting the signals received in the two frequency bands behind the active antenna elements. This also makes it possible to decouple the two antennas and to avoid a separating capacitance with its harmful effect on VHF and / or LMK reception.
  • the first and second antennas may preferably be in a plastic bumper on the bow or rear of the vehicle, however can also be integrated in a spoiler on the rear of the vehicle or on the vehicle roof.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention can advantageously be used in connection with a diversity reception system, since the first and second antennas are decoupled and can be optimally designed for differently polarized wave fields.
  • a first antenna has antenna probes 1, 2 with roof capacitances 3, 4, a ⁇ / 2 line 5 connecting the antenna probes 1 and 2, which is arranged as a detour line near a body panel 6 at ground potential, and extension inductors 7, 8 in the form of Spools on.
  • the individual antennas of the first antenna are not necessary, but are preferably short antennas with respect to the received wavelength, that is to say probes, they are therefore also referred to as antenna probes.
  • the antenna probes 1, 2 are essentially orthogonal to the body edge.
  • One of the two axes that spans the areas of the roof capacities 3, 4 is essentially parallel to the body edge.
  • the normal vector of this surface is thus orthogonal to the body edge and points in the direction of the extended antenna.
  • the antenna signal is amplified in an amplifier 9 and fed via a coaxial cable 10 to a receiving circuit, not shown.
  • a receiving circuit not shown.
  • FIG. 2 An equivalent circuit diagram is shown in FIG. 2, the antenna and circuit elements which correspond to those in FIG. 1 being provided with the same reference symbols and should not be explained again.
  • an antenna probe for example antenna probe 2
  • This separation capacitance which is shown schematically in FIG. 2 and provided with the reference number 11, causes an asymmetry in the first antenna arrangement provided for VHF reception with the two antenna probes 1 and 2.
  • the reception or antenna elements are therefore separately provided for FM and LMK reception, so that the FM and LMK reception components are separated and thus a mutual negative influence on the FM and LMK reception arrangement or avoiding unsatisfactory compromises.
  • an additional antenna 14 with a roof capacitance 15 connected to the amplifier 9 is provided (cf. FIG. 1).
  • the arrangement according to the invention also has the following advantages:
  • Fig. 1 the horizontal polarization direction of the FM wave field is indicated by the arrow E FM , and with an arrow orthogonal to the horizontal direction of the FM wave field, the vertical polarization direction of the LMK wave field E LMK is shown schematically.
  • the horizontal arrangement of the first antenna consisting of antenna probes 1 and 2 has an optimal coupling to the electrical field vector of the horizontally polarized VHF wave field. If the first antenna with antenna probes 1 and 2 were therefore also used to receive the LMK wave field, the efficiency would be very low, since the first antenna with antenna probes 1 and 2 only has a small component to it would couple the vertical e-field vector of the LMK wave field.
  • the first antenna with antenna probes 1 and 2 in such a way that the LMK wave field could be received better. In any case, however, compromises would have to be made with regard to the arrangement of the antennas, so that both FM and LMK reception are unsatisfactory.
  • the first antenna i. H.
  • the antenna probes 1 and 2 can be optimally arranged on vertical edges of the vehicle, for example on vertical edges of the rear of the vehicle or the front of the vehicle when using, for example, a bumper antenna in order to achieve good efficiency for VHF reception.
  • the antenna probes 1 and 2 of the first antenna for VHF reception are therefore located at the greatest field strength of the displacement current of the resonant body excitation due to the horizontally polarized VHF wave field.
  • the second antenna 14 for the LMK reception is in particular oriented orthogonally to a vehicle edge.
  • the second antenna 14 for the LMK reception is in the Middle between the individual probes 1 and 2 of the first antenna intended for VHF reception, namely at a short distance or a small antenna height ( ⁇ ⁇ at 100 MHz) in front of the conductive body surface.
  • the second antenna 14 provided for the LMK reception therefore optimally couples to the displacement current between the electrically conductive body 6 and the ground 18, preferably to a horizontal edge of the motor vehicle.
  • the horizontally polarized VHF wave field in this arrangement of the second antenna 14 provided for LMK reception has very small field strengths, so that the second antenna probe 14 provided for LMK reception has the function of the first one for VHF reception provided antenna with the antenna probes 1 and 2 is not affected.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention and the alignment and arrangement of the first and second antennas for VHF and LMK reception enables extensive electrical decoupling of these first and second antennas because the VHF and LMK wave fields which are polarized orthogonally to one another as well as the resonant excitation of the Vehicle body is optimally used for the VHF frequencies.
  • the roof capacitance 15 of the LMK antenna probe is designed with approximately three times the area of the roof capacitance 3 or 4 of an FM antenna probe 1 or 2.
  • the invention and its advantages were explained using the exemplary embodiment of a bumper antenna.
  • all antenna elements and Components of the antenna arrangement according to the invention can be foamed in a foam core 17, or a dielectric can be used to increase the roof capacities 3 and 4 of the first antenna provided for VHF reception.
  • the second antenna 14 intended for LMK reception is mounted orthogonally to an upper horizontal body edge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

In order to obtain the best possible signal reception in at least two frequency bands with differently polarised wave fields, a first aerial has two individual probes (1, 2) for receiving signals in a first frequency band which couple to the displacement current of the same substantially resonant circuit occurring on a conductive formation (6). A second aerial (14) is designed to receive signals in a second frequency band having a wave field with a direction of polarisation at right angles to the wave field of the signals in the other frequency band. The decoupling of the two aerials thus obtained facilitates the best possible choice of aerial components and the ideal positioning and direction of the aerials for efficient reception in the various frequency bands, especially the VHF and LMS bands.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung mit einer ersten Antenne zum Empfang von Signalen im ersten Frequenzband, und einer zweiten Antenne zum Empfang von Signalen im zweiten Frequenzband mit einer zum Wellenfeld des ersten Frequenzbandes unterschiedlichen Polarisationsrichtung.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement with a first antenna for receiving signals in the first frequency band and a second antenna for receiving signals in the second frequency band with a polarization direction different from the wave field of the first frequency band.

Aus der US-A-4 868 577 ist eine derartige Antennenanordnung bekannt.Such an antenna arrangement is known from US-A-4 868 577.

Aus der EP-A-O 383 017 ist eine Antennenanordnung bekannt, bei der wenigstens zwei Einzelsonden vorgesehen sind.An antenna arrangement is known from EP-A-0 383 017, in which at least two individual probes are provided.

In der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 40 03 385 A1 derselben Anmelderin ist eine Antennenanordnung beschrieben, bei der wenigstens zwei Einzelantennen oder -sonden für eine Antenne vorgesehen sind, die über eine λ /2 lange Leitung phasenrichtig zusammengeschaltet und so positioniert sind, daß sie an den Verschiebungsstrom desselben resonanten Stromkreises eines metallischen Gebildes, beispielsweise eines Karosserieteils, ankoppeln. Dadurch ergibt sich ein hoher Antennenwirkungsgrad. Wird eine derartige Antenne mit wenigstens zwei Einzelantennen als Stoßstangenantenne konzipiert, befinden sich die beiden Einzelantennen vorzugsweise an der linken und rechten Kante der Fahrzeugkarosserie und sind zu diesen Kanten orthogonal ausgerichtet, so daß sie auf Grund der Verdichtung der elektrischen Feldlinien optimal an den Verschiebungsstrom ankoppeln. Diese aus zwei Einzelantennen bestehende Antenne ist in diesem Falle für den Empfang im UKW-Bereich mit horizontal polarisierten Wellenfeldern vorgesehen. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird hinsichtlich weiterer Einzelheiten und der Funktionsweise auf die DE 40 03 385 A1 verwiesen.In the unpublished DE 40 03 385 A1 by the same applicant, an antenna arrangement is described in which at least two individual antennas or probes are provided for an antenna, which are interconnected in phase over a λ / 2 long line and are positioned such that they connect to the displacement current couple the same resonant circuit of a metallic structure, for example a body part. This results in a high antenna efficiency. If such an antenna with at least two individual antennas is designed as a bumper antenna, the two individual antennas are preferably located on the left and right edges of the vehicle body and are oriented orthogonally to these edges, so that they optimally couple to the displacement current due to the compression of the electrical field lines. In this case, this antenna, which consists of two individual antennas, is intended for reception in the FM range with horizontally polarized wave fields. To avoid repetition, reference is made to DE 40 03 385 A1 for further details and the mode of operation.

Grundsätzlich ist es zwar möglich, eine der beiden Einzelsonden auch als aktive Antenne für den Lang-, Mittel- und/oder Kurzwellen (LMK)-Empfang zu verwenden und gegebenenfalls dafür anzupassen, um die für den UKW-Empfang vorgesehene Antenne mit zwei Einzelsonden auch für den LMK-Empfang ausnutzen zu können. Um dies zu ermöglichen, ist jedoch eine kapazitive Trennung einer der Einzelantennen von der übrigen Antennenanordnung erforderlich. Die kapazitive Trennung bewirkt jedoch, daß sowohl der UKW- als auch der LMK-Empfang nicht optimal ist. Darüber hinaus müßten Kompromisse hinsichtlich der Ausrichtung der Einzel antennen in Bezug auf die vertikalund horizontalpolarisierten Wellenfelder eingegangen werden, die den Wirkungsgrad sowohl des UKW- als auch des LMK-Empfangs nachteilig beeinflussen würden.In principle, it is possible to use one of the two individual probes as an active antenna for long, medium and / or Use shortwave (LMK) reception and, if necessary, adapt it to be able to use the antenna provided for VHF reception with two individual probes for LMK reception. To make this possible, however, a capacitive separation of one of the individual antennas from the rest of the antenna arrangement is required. However, the capacitive separation means that both FM and LMK reception are not optimal. In addition, compromises would have to be made regarding the alignment of the individual antennas in relation to the vertically and horizontally polarized wave fields, which would adversely affect the efficiency of both FM and LMK reception.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Antennenanordnung anzugeben, die für den Empfang von Signalen in verschiedenen Frequenzbändern und mit in unterschiedlichen Richtungen polarisierten Wellenfeldern eine optimale Empfangsqualität ermöglicht.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an antenna arrangement which enables optimum reception quality for the reception of signals in different frequency bands and with wave fields polarized in different directions.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die erste Antenne zum Empfang von Signalen im ersten Frequenzband wenigstens zwei Einzelsonden aufweist, die an den Verschiebungsstrom des gleichen auf einem leitenden Gebilde auftretenden, im wesentlichen resonanten Stromkreises ankoppeln.This object is achieved in that the first antenna for receiving signals in the first frequency band has at least two individual probes, which couple to the displacement current of the same, essentially resonant circuit occurring on a conductive structure.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung ermöglicht einen optimalen Empfang von Signalen in beiden Frequenzbändern und mit unterschiedlich polarisierten Wellenfeldern, ohne daß ein für den Wirkungsgrad unbefriedigender Kompromiß eingegangen zu werden braucht.The antenna arrangement according to the invention enables optimal reception of signals in both frequency bands and with differently polarized wave fields, without having to compromise on the level of efficiency.

Vorzugsweise wird die erste Antenne zum Empfang von im wesentlichen horizontalpolarisierten Wellenfeldern und die zweite Antenne zum Empfang von im wesentilchen vertikal-polarisierten Wellenfeldern eingesetzt. Diese zusätzliche Maßnahme ermöglicht eine weitere optimale Anpassung der Antennen an den Empfang von unterschiedlich polarisierten Wellenfeldern ohne Rücksicht auf Kompromisse. Die Empfangseigenschaften der Antennen werden dadurch weiter verbessert.The first antenna is preferably used for receiving essentially horizontally polarized wave fields and the second antenna for receiving essentially vertically polarized wave fields. This additional measure enables a further optimal adaptation of the antennas to the reception of differently polarized wave fields without considering compromises. This further improves the reception properties of the antennas.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Einzelsonden der ersten Antenne orthogonal zu vertikalen Außenkanten des leitenden Gebildes angeordnet sind, da dadurch die an diesen Außenkanten auftretenden Verdichtungen der Feldlinien für einen optimalen Empfang ausgenutzt werden, wie dies im einzelnen in der DE 40 03 385 A1 beschrieben ist und auf die insofern verwiesen wird.It is particularly advantageous if the individual probes of the first antenna are arranged orthogonally to the vertical outer edges of the conductive structure, since the compression of the field lines occurring on these outer edges is used for optimal reception, as described in detail in DE 40 03 385 A1 is and to which reference is made.

Der Wirkungsgrad der zweiten Antenne wird gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dadurch zusätzlich verbessert, daß die zweite Antenne orthogonal zu einer horizontalen Außenkante des leitenden Gebildes angeordnet ist. Der Kanteneffekt mit einer Verdichtung der Feldlinien kann auf diese Weise auch zur Verbesserung der Empfangseigenschaften der zweiten Antenne ausgenutzt werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the efficiency of the second antenna is additionally improved in that the second antenna is arranged orthogonally to a horizontal outer edge of the conductive structure. The edge effect with a compression of the field lines can also be used in this way to improve the reception properties of the second antenna.

Sowohl für die Empfangseigenschaften als auch für eine kompakte, integrierte Anordnung der Antennen ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die zweite Antenne zwischen den Einzelsonden der ersten Antenne und insbesondere in der Mitte zwischen den Einzelsonden der ersten Antenne angeordnet ist.For the reception properties as well as for a compact, integrated arrangement of the antennas, it is particularly advantageous if the second antenna is arranged between the individual probes of the first antenna and in particular in the middle between the individual probes of the first antenna.

Ein weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich dadurch, daß die Einzelsonden der ersten Antenne Uber eine λ/2-Leitung miteinander verbunden sind, wie dies in der DE 40 03 385 A1 ausgeführt ist, auf die zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen verwiesen wird.Another advantage results from the fact that the individual probes of the first antenna are connected to one another via a λ / 2 line, as is described in DE 40 03 385 A1, to which reference is made to avoid repetitions.

Um die erste Antenne bzw. deren Einzelsonden besser abstimmen und optimieren zu können, sind zu Anpaßzwecken Dachkapazitäten und/oder Verlangerungsinduktivitäten zusätzlich vorgesehen. Auch hinsichtlich dieser Ausführungsmöglichkeiten wird auf die DE 40 03 385 A1 verwiesen.In order to better tune and optimize the first antenna or its individual probes, additional roof capacities and / or extension inductors are provided for adaptation purposes. With regard to these design options, too, reference is made to DE 40 03 385 A1.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die erste Antenne mit den wenigstens zwei Einzelsonden zum Empfang im UKW-Frequenzbereich und die zweite Antenne zum Empfang im LMK-Frequenzbereich vorgesehen ist bzw. sind.It is particularly advantageous if the first antenna is or is provided with the at least two individual probes for reception in the VHF frequency range and the second antenna for reception in the LMK frequency range.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung ist besonders vorteilhaft im Zusammenhang mit mobilem Empfang einsetzbar. Vorzugsweise ist bzw. sind das leitende Gebilde, auf dem ein im wesentlichen resonanter Stromkreis auftritt, die Metallkarosserie oder elektrisch leitende Teile eines Kraftfahrzeugs.The antenna arrangement according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in connection with mobile reception. The conductive structure on which an essentially resonant circuit occurs is or are preferably the metal body or electrically conductive parts of a motor vehicle.

Vorzugsweise können die Einzelsonden der ersten Antenne und/oder der zweiten Antenne bezüglich der empfangenen Wellenlänge kurze Antennen sein, die eine kompakte Anordnung insbesondere im Hinblick auf integrierte Antennenanordnungen für mobilen Empfang ermöglichen. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die erste und/oder die zweite Antenne eine aktive Antenne ist.The individual probes of the first antenna and / or the second antenna can preferably be short antennas with respect to the received wavelength, which enable a compact arrangement, in particular with regard to integrated antenna arrangements for mobile reception. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the first and / or the second antenna is an active antenna.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, die in den beiden Frequenzbändern empfangenen Signale hinter den aktiven Antennenelementen zusammenzuschalten. Auch dadurch ist eine Entkopplung der beiden Antennen möglich und eine Trennkapazität mit ihrer für den UKW- und/oder LMK-Empfang schädlichen Wirkung kann vermieden werden.Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in interconnecting the signals received in the two frequency bands behind the active antenna elements. This also makes it possible to decouple the two antennas and to avoid a separating capacitance with its harmful effect on VHF and / or LMK reception.

Die erste und die zweite Antenne können vorzugsweise in einer Kunststoff-Stoßstange am Bug oder am Heck des Fahrzeugs, aber auch in einem Spoiler am Fahrzeugheck oder am Fahrzeugdach integriert werden.The first and second antennas may preferably be in a plastic bumper on the bow or rear of the vehicle, however can also be integrated in a spoiler on the rear of the vehicle or on the vehicle roof.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung kann mit Vorteil im Zusammenhang mit einem Diversity-Empfangssystem eingesetzt werden, da die erste und zweite Antenne entkoppelt sind und optimal für unterschiedlich polarisierte Wellenfelder ausgebildet werden können.The antenna arrangement according to the invention can advantageously be used in connection with a diversity reception system, since the first and second antennas are decoupled and can be optimally designed for differently polarized wave fields.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend am Beispiel einer Stoßstangen-Antennenanordnung unter Bezug auf die Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung am Beispiel einer integrierten Stoßstangen-Antenne fUr den UKW- und LMK-Empfang und
Fig. 2
ein Ersatzschaltbild zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise und Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung.
The invention is explained below using the example of a bumper antenna arrangement with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of the antenna arrangement according to the invention using the example of an integrated bumper antenna for VHF and LMK reception and
Fig. 2
an equivalent circuit diagram to explain the operation and advantages of the antenna arrangement according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung im Zusammenhang mit einer integrierten Stoßstangen-Antenne 16 dargestellt. Eine erste Antenne weist Antennensonden 1, 2 mit Dachkapazitäten 3, 4, eine die Antennensonden 1 und 2 miteinander verbindende λ/2-Leitung 5, die als Umwegleitung nahe einem auf Massepotential liegenden Karosserieblech 6 angeordnet ist, sowie Verlängerungsinduktivitäten 7, 8 in Form von Spulen auf.1 shows an antenna arrangement according to the invention in connection with an integrated bumper antenna 16. A first antenna has antenna probes 1, 2 with roof capacitances 3, 4, a λ / 2 line 5 connecting the antenna probes 1 and 2, which is arranged as a detour line near a body panel 6 at ground potential, and extension inductors 7, 8 in the form of Spools on.

Da die Einzelantennen der ersten Antenne zwar nicht notwending, jedoch vorzugsweise kurze Antennen bezüglich der empfangenen Wellenlänge, also Sonden sind, werden sie deshalb auch als Antennensonden bezeichnet.Since the individual antennas of the first antenna are not necessary, but are preferably short antennas with respect to the received wavelength, that is to say probes, they are therefore also referred to as antenna probes.

Die Antennensonden 1, 2 stehen im wesentlichen orthogonal auf der Karosseriekante. Eine der beiden Achsen, die die Flächen der Dachkapazitäten 3, 4 aufspannen, liegt im wesentlichen parallel zur Karosseriekante. Der Normalenvektordieser Fläche steht damit orthogonal auf der Karosseriekante und zeigt in Richtung der verlängerten Antenne.The antenna probes 1, 2 are essentially orthogonal to the body edge. One of the two axes that spans the areas of the roof capacities 3, 4 is essentially parallel to the body edge. The normal vector of this surface is thus orthogonal to the body edge and points in the direction of the extended antenna.

Das Antennensignal wird in einem Verstärker 9 verstärkt und über ein Koaxialkabel 10 einer nicht dargestellten Empfangsschaltung zugeleitet. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird hinsichtlich weiterer Einzelheiten oder der Funktionsweise dieser die genannten Antennenelemente umfassenden ersten Antenne auf die nicht vorveröffentlichte DE 40 03 386 A1 verwiesen.The antenna signal is amplified in an amplifier 9 and fed via a coaxial cable 10 to a receiving circuit, not shown. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the unpublished DE 40 03 386 A1 with regard to further details or the functioning of this first antenna comprising the antenna elements mentioned.

In Fig. 2 ist ein Ersatzschaltbild dargestellt, wobei die Antennen- und Schaltungselemente, die denen in Fig. 1 entsprechen, mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen sind und nicht nochmals erläutert werden sollten.An equivalent circuit diagram is shown in FIG. 2, the antenna and circuit elements which correspond to those in FIG. 1 being provided with the same reference symbols and should not be explained again.

Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, die Antennenkomponenten 1 bis 9, wie sie in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 dargestellt, und für den Empfang vorzugsweise im UKW-Frequenzbereich vorgesehen sind, auch als LMK-Antenne zu verwenden, nämlich dadurch, daß eine der Antennensonden 1, 2 als aktive LMK-Antenne ausgebildet wird. Dazu ist es jedoch erforderlich, daß eine Antennensonde, beispielsweise die Antennensonde 2, von der übrigen Antennenanordnung bzw. der übrigen Antennenstruktur kapazititv getrennt wird. Diese Trennkapazität, die in Fig. 2 schematisch eingezeichnet und mit dem Bezugszeichen 11 versehen ist, verursacht jedoch eine Unsymmetrie in der ersten, für den UKW-Empfang vorgesehenen Antennenanordnung mit den beiden Antennensonden 1 und 2. Gleichzeitig liegt die Trennkapazität 11 für die für den LMK-Empfang vorgesehene Antennensonde 2 in Reihe mit einer durch die λ/2-Leitung vorhandenen Kapazität 12, und stellt so eine schädliche Parallelkapazität zur wirksamen Antennenkapazität 13 dar. Auf Grund dieser dadurch auftretenden Spannungsteilung wird der Wirkungsgrad der auch für den LMK-Empfang verwendeten Antennensonde 2 erheblich verkleinert. Bei Verwendung einer der beiden Antennensonden 1 oder 2 der ersten, für den UKW-Empfang vorgesehenen Antenne auch für den Empfang in einem anderen Frequenzbereich, etwa dem LMK-Frequenzband, beeinflussen sich daher die beiden Antennen für den Empfang von Signalen in den unterschiedlichen Empfangsbereichen gegenseitig, so daß ein optimaler Empfang weder im UKW-noch im LMK-Frequenzbereich möglich ist.In principle, it is possible to use the antenna components 1 to 9, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and preferably for reception in the FM frequency range, as an LMK antenna, namely in that one of the antenna probes 1, 2 is designed as an active LMK antenna. However, this requires that an antenna probe, for example antenna probe 2, be capacitively separated from the rest of the antenna arrangement or the rest of the antenna structure. This separation capacitance, which is shown schematically in FIG. 2 and provided with the reference number 11, causes an asymmetry in the first antenna arrangement provided for VHF reception with the two antenna probes 1 and 2. At the same time, the separation capacitance 11 for Antenna probe 2 provided in LMK reception in series with a capacitance 12 present through the λ / 2 line, and thus represents a harmful parallel capacitance to the effective antenna capacitance 13. Due to this voltage division which occurs as a result, the efficiency of the LMK reception used antenna probe 2 significantly reduced. If one of the two antenna probes 1 or 2 of the first antenna intended for VHF reception is also used for reception in another frequency range, for example the LMK frequency band, the two antennas mutually influence one another for the reception of signals in the different reception ranges , so that optimal reception is not possible in the FM or LMK frequency range.

Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die Empfangs- bzw. Antennenelemente daher für den UKW- und LMK-Empfang gesondert vorgesehen, so daß eine Auftrennung der UKW- und LMK-Empfangskomponenten erfolgt und damit eine gegenseitige negative Beeinflussung der UKW- und LMK-Empfangsanordnung bzw. das Eingehen unbefriedigender Kompromisse vermieden wird. Zu diesem Zwecke ist eine zusätzliche mit dem Verstärker 9 verbundene Antenne 14 mit einer Dachkapazität 15 vorgesehen (vgl Fig. 1).According to the present invention, the reception or antenna elements are therefore separately provided for FM and LMK reception, so that the FM and LMK reception components are separated and thus a mutual negative influence on the FM and LMK reception arrangement or avoiding unsatisfactory compromises. For this purpose, an additional antenna 14 with a roof capacitance 15 connected to the amplifier 9 is provided (cf. FIG. 1).

Zusätzlich zu den zuvor beschriebenen Vorteilen getrennter Antennenanordnungen für den UKW- und den LMK-Empfang hat die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung insbesondere auch folgende Vorzüge:In addition to the advantages of separate antenna arrangements for VHF and LMK reception described above, the arrangement according to the invention also has the following advantages:

In Fig. 1 ist die horizontale Polarisationsrichtung des UKW-Wellenfeldes mit dem Pfeil EUKW angedeutet, und mit einem zur horizontalen Richtung des UKW-Wellenfeldes orthogonalen Pfeil ist die, vertikale Polarisationsrichtung des LMK-Wellenfeldes ELMK schematisch eingezeichnet. Die-horizontale Anordnung der ersten Antenne, bestehend aus den Antennensonden 1 und 2 weist eine optimale Kopplung an den elektrischen Feldvektor des horizontalpolarisierten UKW-Wellenfeldes auf. Würde die erste Antenne mit den Antennensonden 1 und 2 daher auch für den Empfang des LMK-Wellenfeldes eingesetzt, wäre der Wirkungsgrad sehr gering, da die erste Antenne mit den Antennensonden 1 und 2 nur mit einer kleinen Komponente an den vertikalen E-Feldvektor des LMK-Wellenfeldes ankoppeln würde. Es ließe sich zwar auch die erste Antenne mit den Antennensonden 1 und 2 so anordnen, daß das LMK-Wellenfeld besser empfangen werden könnte. In jedem Falle müßten jedoch hinsichtlich der Anordnung der Antennen Kompromisse eingegangen werden, so daß sowohl der UKW- als auch der LMK-Empfang unbefriedigend ist.In Fig. 1 the horizontal polarization direction of the FM wave field is indicated by the arrow E FM , and with an arrow orthogonal to the horizontal direction of the FM wave field, the vertical polarization direction of the LMK wave field E LMK is shown schematically. The horizontal arrangement of the first antenna, consisting of antenna probes 1 and 2, has an optimal coupling to the electrical field vector of the horizontally polarized VHF wave field. If the first antenna with antenna probes 1 and 2 were therefore also used to receive the LMK wave field, the efficiency would be very low, since the first antenna with antenna probes 1 and 2 only has a small component to it would couple the vertical e-field vector of the LMK wave field. It would also be possible to arrange the first antenna with antenna probes 1 and 2 in such a way that the LMK wave field could be received better. In any case, however, compromises would have to be made with regard to the arrangement of the antennas, so that both FM and LMK reception are unsatisfactory.

Durch die Verwendung einer zweiten Antenne 14 für den LMK-Empfang ist erfindungsgemäß eine Auftrennung und damit eine optimale Positionierung und Orientierung jeder Antenne entsprechend der jeweiligen Polarisationsrichtung möglich. Durch die Zusammenführung der in beiden Frequenzbereichen empfangenen Signale hinter den aktiven Elementen der jeweiligen Antenne ist also nicht nur die Trennkapazität 11 mit ihrer für den UKW- und LMK-Empfang nachteiligen Folgen eliminiert, sondern es ist auch möglich, eine optimale Anpassung, Anordnung und Positionierung der beiden Antennen zu wählen.By using a second antenna 14 for the LMK reception, a separation and thus an optimal positioning and orientation of each antenna is possible according to the respective polarization direction. By merging the signals received in both frequency ranges behind the active elements of the respective antenna, not only is the separating capacitance 11, with its consequences detrimental to VHF and LMK reception, eliminated, but it is also possible to optimally adapt, arrange and position them of the two antennas to choose.

Vorzugsweise kann auf diese Weise die erste Antenne, d. h. es können die Antennensonden 1 und 2 an vertikalen Kanten des Fahrzeugs, etwa an vertikalen Kanten des Fahrzeugshecks oder der Fahrzeugfront bei Verwendung beispielsweise einer Stoßstangenantenne optimal angeordnet werden, um einen guten Wirkungsgrad für den UKW-Empfang zu erreichen. Die Antennensonden 1 und 2 der ersten Antenne für den UKW-Empfang befinden sich daher an Stellen größter Feldstärke des Verschiebungsstroms der resonanten Karosserieanregung durch das horizontal polarisierte UKW-Wellenfeld.In this way, the first antenna, i. H. The antenna probes 1 and 2 can be optimally arranged on vertical edges of the vehicle, for example on vertical edges of the rear of the vehicle or the front of the vehicle when using, for example, a bumper antenna in order to achieve good efficiency for VHF reception. The antenna probes 1 and 2 of the first antenna for VHF reception are therefore located at the greatest field strength of the displacement current of the resonant body excitation due to the horizontally polarized VHF wave field.

Die zweite Antenne 14 für den LMK-Empfang ist insbesondere orthogonal zu einer Fahrzeugkante ausgerichtet. Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung befindet sich die zweite Antenne 14 für den LMK-Empfang in der Mitte zwischen den Einzelsonden 1 und 2 der ersten, für den UKW-Empfang vorgesehenen Antenne, und zwar in geringem Abstand bzw. einer kleinen Antennenhöhe (<<λ bei 100 MHz) vor der leitenden Karossieriefläche. Die zweite, für den LMK-Empfang vorgesehene Antenne 14 koppelt daher in optimaler Weise an den Verschiebungsstrom zwischen der elektrisch leitenden Karosserie 6 und dem Erdboden 18 an, vorzugsweise an eine horizontale Kante des Kraftfahrzeugs. Gleichzeitig weist das horizontal-polarisierte UKW-Wellenfeld in dieser Anordnung der für den LMK-Empfang vorgesehenen zweiten Antenne 14 sehr kleine Feldstärken auf, so daß die zweite, für den LMK-Empfang vorgesehene Antennensonde 14 die Funktion der ersten, für den UKW-Empfang vorgesehenen Antenne mit den Antennensonden 1 und 2 nicht beeinflußt.The second antenna 14 for the LMK reception is in particular oriented orthogonally to a vehicle edge. In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1, the second antenna 14 for the LMK reception is in the Middle between the individual probes 1 and 2 of the first antenna intended for VHF reception, namely at a short distance or a small antenna height (<< λ at 100 MHz) in front of the conductive body surface. The second antenna 14 provided for the LMK reception therefore optimally couples to the displacement current between the electrically conductive body 6 and the ground 18, preferably to a horizontal edge of the motor vehicle. At the same time, the horizontally polarized VHF wave field in this arrangement of the second antenna 14 provided for LMK reception has very small field strengths, so that the second antenna probe 14 provided for LMK reception has the function of the first one for VHF reception provided antenna with the antenna probes 1 and 2 is not affected.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung sowie die Ausrichtung und Anordnung der ersten und zweiten Antenne für den UKW- bzw. LMK-Empfang ermöglicht eine weitgehende elektrische Entkopplung dieser ersten und zweiten Antenne, weil die orthogonal zueinander polarisierten UKW- und LMK-Wellenfelder als auch die resonante Anregung der Fahrzeugkarosserie für die UKW-Frequenzen optimal ausgenutzt wird. Dadurch ist es auch möglich geworden, die beiden Dachkapazitäten 3, 4 und die Anpassungsspulen 7, 8 der ersten Antenne für den UKW-Empfang getrennt von der Dachkapazität 15 der Antennensonde 14 für den LMK-Empfang zu optimieren. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Dachkapazität 15 der LMK-Antennensonde etwa mit der dreifachen Fläche der Dachkapazität 3 bzw. 4 einer UKW-Antennensonde 1 bzw. 2 ausgeführt.The antenna arrangement according to the invention and the alignment and arrangement of the first and second antennas for VHF and LMK reception enables extensive electrical decoupling of these first and second antennas because the VHF and LMK wave fields which are polarized orthogonally to one another as well as the resonant excitation of the Vehicle body is optimally used for the VHF frequencies. This has also made it possible to optimize the two roof capacities 3, 4 and the adaptation coils 7, 8 of the first antenna for VHF reception separately from the roof capacitance 15 of the antenna probe 14 for LMK reception. Advantageously, the roof capacitance 15 of the LMK antenna probe is designed with approximately three times the area of the roof capacitance 3 or 4 of an FM antenna probe 1 or 2.

Die Erfindung und deren Vorteile wurden am Ausführungsbeispiel einer Stoßstangenantenne erläutert. Dem Fachmann sind jedoch zahlreiche Abwandlungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung möglich. Beispielsweise können sämtliche Antennenelemente und -komponenten der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung in einem Schaumstoffkern 17 eingeschäumt sein, oder es kann ein Dielektrikum zur Erhöhung der Dachkapazitäten 3 und 4 der ersten, für den UKW-Empfang vorgesehenen Antenne verwendet werden. Weiterhin ist es möglich, die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung nicht nur in einer Stoßstange 16 an der Front oder am Heck des Fahrzeugs, sondern auch in einem Heckspoiler zu integrieren. In diesem Falle wird die zweite, für den LMK-Empfang vorgesehene Antenne 14 orthogonal zu einer oben liegenden horizontalen Karosseriekante angebracht.The invention and its advantages were explained using the exemplary embodiment of a bumper antenna. However, numerous modifications and refinements of the invention are possible for the person skilled in the art. For example, all antenna elements and Components of the antenna arrangement according to the invention can be foamed in a foam core 17, or a dielectric can be used to increase the roof capacities 3 and 4 of the first antenna provided for VHF reception. Furthermore, it is possible to integrate the antenna arrangement according to the invention not only in a bumper 16 at the front or rear of the vehicle, but also in a rear spoiler. In this case, the second antenna 14 intended for LMK reception is mounted orthogonally to an upper horizontal body edge.

Claims (19)

  1. Antenna arrangement having a first antenna (1, 2) for the reception of signals in the first frequency band and a second antenna (14) for the reception of signals in the second frequency band having a different direction of polarisation from the wave field of the first frequency band, characterised in that, the first antenna comprises at least two individual probes (1, 2) which couple to the displacement current of the same substantially resonant circuit occurring on a conductive object (6).
  2. Antenna arrangement in accordance with Claim 1, characterised in that, the first antenna is provided for the reception of the substantially horizontally polarised wave fields and the second antenna (14) for the reception of the substantially vertically polarised wave fields.
  3. Antenna arrangement in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, the individual probes (1, 2) of the first antenna are arranged orthogonally to vertical edges of the conductive object (6).
  4. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the second antenna (14) is arranged orthogonally to a horizontal outer edge of the conductive object (6).
  5. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the second antenna (14) is arranged between the individual probes (1, 2) of the first antenna.
  6. Antenna arrangement in accordance with Claim 5, characterised in that, the second antenna (14) is arranged centrally between the individual probes (1, 2) of the first antenna.
  7. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the individual probes (1, 2) of the first antenna are connected to one another by a λ/2 line.
  8. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the first antenna is provided for the reception of signals in the UHF frequency band and/or the second antenna (14) for the reception of signals in the LMS frequency band.
  9. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the conductive object (6) is the metallic bodywork and/or electrically conductive parts of a motor vehicle.
  10. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the individual probes (1, 2) of the first antenna and/or the second antenna (14) are antennae which are short with respect to the received wavelength.
  11. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the individual probes (1, 2) of the first antenna and/or the second antenna (14) have top loading capacitances (3, 4; 15).
  12. Antenna arrangement in accordance with Claim 11, characterised in that, the top loading capacitance (15) of the second antenna (14) has approximately three times the surface area of the top loading capacitance (3 or 4) of one of the individual probes (1, 2) of the first antenna.
  13. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the individual probes (1, 2) of the first antenna and/or the second antenna (14) have loading inductances (7, 8).
  14. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, dielectrics are provided for increasing the top loading capacitances.
  15. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the first and/or the second antenna is an active antenna.
  16. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the signals received in the two frequency bands are coupled together behind the active antenna elements.
  17. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that, the first and/or the second antenna is or are integrated into a bumper (16).
  18. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the Claims 1 to 15, characterised in that, the first and/or second antenna is or are integrated into a spoiler arranged on the rear of the vehicle or on the roof of the vehicle.
  19. Antenna arrangement in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that it is part of a diversity receiving system.
EP92904728A 1991-05-17 1992-02-20 Aerial arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP0580590B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914116232 DE4116232A1 (en) 1991-05-17 1991-05-17 ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT
DE4116232 1991-05-17
PCT/EP1992/000360 WO1992021160A1 (en) 1991-05-17 1992-02-20 Aerial arrangement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0580590A1 EP0580590A1 (en) 1994-02-02
EP0580590B1 true EP0580590B1 (en) 1996-02-07

Family

ID=6431922

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92904728A Expired - Lifetime EP0580590B1 (en) 1991-05-17 1992-02-20 Aerial arrangement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0580590B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06511604A (en)
DE (2) DE4116232A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992021160A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59205310D1 (en) 1996-03-21
DE4116232A1 (en) 1992-11-19
WO1992021160A1 (en) 1992-11-26
JPH06511604A (en) 1994-12-22
EP0580590A1 (en) 1994-02-02

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