EP0578705B1 - Process for casting an aluminium-alloy engine part, in particular a cylinder head - Google Patents

Process for casting an aluminium-alloy engine part, in particular a cylinder head Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578705B1
EP0578705B1 EP92907886A EP92907886A EP0578705B1 EP 0578705 B1 EP0578705 B1 EP 0578705B1 EP 92907886 A EP92907886 A EP 92907886A EP 92907886 A EP92907886 A EP 92907886A EP 0578705 B1 EP0578705 B1 EP 0578705B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
casting
core
parts
die
mould
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EP92907886A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0578705A1 (en
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Herbert Schilling
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VAW Motor GmbH
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VAW Motor GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0009Cylinders, pistons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for casting an engine part, in particular a cylinder head, from aluminum alloy by means of a casting mold composed of several parts, the core parts of the casting mold consisting of a non-metallic molding material, components to be firmly connected to the engine part to be cast from another, higher-melting components Material as the aluminum alloy when the parts are assembled to form the complete casting mold are inserted into these at predetermined fixing points and then the casting takes place.
  • valve seat rings In the case of engine parts which are made from aluminum alloy, it is necessary to use components made of a different material at mechanically highly stressed points, for example on the valve seats of cylinder heads, which can withstand the stresses required here.
  • the arrangement of such valve seat rings has so far been carried out in such a way that a corresponding recess has been machined into the cylinder head at this point after the casting.
  • the valve seat rings to be used were strongly cooled, for example with liquid nitrogen, and then inserted into the recess, so that the valve seat ring, due to its expansion as a result of the heating in the form of a "shrink connection", is frictionally stuck in the recess in the cylinder head.
  • EP 0 268 656 A1 discloses a process for the production of molds for foundry purposes, in which individual core parts each remain in one of their mold parts after molding in individual molding machines and these are then combined with the core parts located therein. Inserting metallic components is not intended.
  • valve seat ring which has undercuts on its outside and which is to be cast as a blank to be reworked directly into the cylinder head.
  • undercuts on its outside and which is to be cast as a blank to be reworked directly into the cylinder head.
  • the invention is based on the object in the manufacture of engine parts, in particular cylinder heads made of aluminum alloy, to simplify the introduction of components made of materials other than the base material of the engine part and to improve the precision.
  • This object is achieved in a method according to the preamble of claim 1 in that each time after the molding process of the individual core parts, their shape is opened so that the core part remains connected to a molded part, that the components are inserted into an exposed core part and that the individual core parts to be joined together with their molded parts are joined together by defined relative movements of the molded parts.
  • This procedure takes advantage of the fact that such casting molds can today be manufactured with great precision in the so-called core molding technology.
  • the actual casting mold is made like a core from a flowable, hardenable molding material, the mold being composed of a total of several parts.
  • the individual core parts each consist of at least two molded parts
  • Core mold are formed by themselves, that each time after the molding process of the individual core parts, their shape is opened so that the core part remains connected to a molded part and then the individual core parts to be joined together with their molded parts are joined together by defined relative movements of the molded parts.
  • the core is composed of more than two core parts, so that the molded part for a core part defined as a base core part remains connected to the latter as a support and centering element until all subsequent ones Joining operations are completed, in which the other core parts are placed on the base core part with the help of their molded parts.
  • the complete core i.e. the complete casting mold, ejected from the carrier element. Since in this method the geometric assignment required for the joining and the resulting relative movement of the core parts to be joined to one another takes place through the corresponding alignment and movement of the molded parts relative to one another and no longer through the core parts themselves, the joining process can be carried out with great precision Carry out, since the core parts held in their molded part show a spatial orientation that can never be achieved after a complete molding.
  • the molded parts of the individual molding machines have practically the same temperature and so there are no dimensional deviations of the individual molded parts to each other due to thermal expansion.
  • the components are heated before being inserted into the casting mold. This avoids excessive temperature differences, which can have a negative effect on the structure of the aluminum alloy surrounding them.
  • This method is already possible because the entire joining process for the production of the casting mold is mechanized, so that it is also possible here to insert preheated components, in particular preheated valve seat rings, into the corresponding core part via a manipulator integrated in the course of the joining operations. Since the casting mold is made of a non-metallic molding material, there is only a relatively small outflow of heat until the start of casting.
  • the components are electro-inductively heated after being placed in the casting mold. This simplifies the insertion process, for example for the valve seat rings, since these can be handled at room temperature, whereas the heating process only takes place in a further station when the valve seat rings have already been inserted.
  • the electro-inductive heating of the components in the casting mold is possible because the casting mold as a whole does not consist of metal but only of mineral molding material or core sand, so that the components, in particular the valve seat rings, in the fully or partially assembled casting mold are the only metallic component represent. This also makes it possible to carry out the heating without contact, preferably immediately before the start of the casting process.
  • the components are provided with the mold fully assembled to be heated electro-inductively from the outside. This ensures that the temperature influences of the casting mold which are possible via the heat flow out of the heated component only take place when the casting mold is completely assembled and thus no shape changes can occur here.
  • This also enables a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, which consists in flushing the mold cavity of the casting mold with a protective gas before starting the heating.
  • Another advantage of heating when the mold is fully assembled is that, depending on the position of the component to be cast in the mold, especially in the case of molds above, casting can still be started during the heating phase, so that the desired final temperature for the component to be heated in the moment when contact with the melt occurs.
  • a mold made from core molding sand for a cylinder head must be assembled from several core parts because of the many undercuts and channels.
  • the individual core parts are manufactured using separate core molding machines and then assembled.
  • the flow diagram acc. 1 shows the process sequence in a simplified representation for a casting mold composed of only two core parts.
  • a core molding machine I which has a mold box formed from two mold parts 1 and 2
  • a first core part 3 is produced in a conventional manner, for example by the cold box process, from a corresponding molding sand.
  • the associated core part 4 which together with the core part 3 forms the complete casting mold, is produced in a second core molding machine II, which has a core mold composed of a molded part 5 and an associated molded part 6.
  • the core molds open, the core part 3 remaining in the mold part 1 in the core molding machine I and being moved into a first joining station III.
  • a component 7 to be cast in, for example a valve seat ring, is now placed on the exposed core part 3 with the aid of a manipulator.
  • the associated core part 4 which is still connected to the molded part 5, is now positioned by the core molding machine II and then lowered onto the core part 3 or that Core part 3 raised so that both core parts 3 and 4 are joined together to form the finished casting mold.
  • the molded part 5 is then detached from the core part 4 and in a further station V the finished casting mold 3-4, which now also encloses the inserted valve seat ring 7, is removed from the molded part 1, which has served as centering and guiding means during the entire process, and for Move casting station VI and cast there. After cooling, the casting mold is destroyed and the molding sand is reprocessed.
  • the valve seat ring 7 is expedient in the process sequence shown here first heated and then placed over the manipulator. Since the casting mold is made of a non-metallic material and the joining operation and the continuation of the complete casting mold up to the casting station VI take place in a short time, the temperature loss until the time the valve seat ring comes into contact with the melt is from of minor importance.
  • valve seat rings to be cast in since cylinder heads represent relatively flat components which allow electro-inductive heating without excessive energy expenditure, i.e. from the outside, i.e. when the mold is already fully assembled and in contact with the casting device.
  • the valve seat ring 7 is placed on a core mark 8 of the core part 3, so that when the casting mold 3-4 is closed, as shown in FIG. 1 for the station V, with an associated part 9 of the core part 4 the valve channel is kept clear and at the same time the valve seat blank is fixed in the casting mold.
  • the outer surface of the valve seat ring 7 is conical, so that after removal of the casting mold as shown in FIG. 3, it is held in a form-fitting manner in the finished casting 10.
  • the core part 3 has a downwardly open recess 11 into which a water-cooled induction coil 12 can be inserted, which in its, the valve seat ring to be heated directly facing end area is provided with an iron core 13.
  • a protective gas for example nitrogen
  • valve seat rings can be heated up in a few seconds so that casting can begin while the heating process is still running, so that the heating up phase at the desired end temperature only ends when the melt entering the mold comes into contact with the components to be poured, here the valve seat rings 7, comes into contact. Due to this overlap in time of the end of the heating phase on the one hand and the beginning of the casting phase on the other hand, a time reduction of the casting process which is desirable for series production can be achieved overall.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The embodiment of a cylinder head for an engine with four valves per cylinder, shown schematically in FIGS. 2 and 3, shows the considerable manufacturing advantage of the method. Since the valve blanks 7 are cast geometrically precisely in the desired assignment, the subsequent finishing is simplified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

In engine parts made of aluminium alloy, components such as the cylinder-head valve-seat rings which are made of high-strength materials must be held rigidly in place. Machining them is long. The invention proposes a process for casting an aluminium-alloy engine part using a casting mould made up of one ore more parts. In this process, the components, in particular the valve-seat rings, which have to be rigidly joined to the engine part, and which are made of a different material, whose melting point is at least as high as that of the engine material, are introduced into the mould, before the mould is assembled, at points indicated by suitable marks, the mould assembled, and the motor part itself then cast.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Gießen eines Motorenteiles, insbesondere eines Zylinderkopfes, aus Aluminiumlegierung mittels einer aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzten Gießform, wobei die Kernteile der Gießform aus einem nicht-metallischen Formstoff bestehen, mit dem zu gießenden Motorteil fest zu verbindende Bauelemente aus einem anderen höherschmelzenden Werkstoff als die Aluminiumlegierung beim Zusammenfügen der Teile zur vollständigen Gießform in diese an vorgegebenen Fixierungspunkten eingelegt werden und danach der Abguß erfolgt.The invention relates to a method for casting an engine part, in particular a cylinder head, from aluminum alloy by means of a casting mold composed of several parts, the core parts of the casting mold consisting of a non-metallic molding material, components to be firmly connected to the engine part to be cast from another, higher-melting components Material as the aluminum alloy when the parts are assembled to form the complete casting mold are inserted into these at predetermined fixing points and then the casting takes place.

Bei Motorenteilen, die aus Aluminiumlegierung hergestellt sind, ist es erforderlich, an mechanisch hochbeanspruchten Stellen Bauelemente, beispielsweise an den Ventilsitzen von Zylinderköpfen Ventilsitzringe aus einem anderen Material einzusetzen, die den hier geforderten Beanspruchungen standhalten. Speziell die Anordnung derartiger Ventilsitzringe wurde bisher in der Weise vorgenommen, daß an dieser Stelle in den Zylinderkopf eine entsprechende Ausnehmung nach dem Gießen mechanisch eingearbeitet wurde. Die einzusetzenden Ventilsitzringe wurden stark gekühlt, beispielsweise mit flüssigem Stickstoff, und dann in die eingearbeitete Ausnehmung eingelegt, so daß der Ventilsitzring aufgrund seiner Ausdehnung infolge der Erwärmung in Form einer "Schrumpfverbindung" reibschlüssig in der Ausnehmung des Zylinderkopfes festsitzt. Der Nachteil dieser Verfahrensweise besteht darin, daß die Ausnehmung sehr präzise gefertigt werden muß, da für derartige Schrumpfverbindungen verhältnismäßig enge Toleranzen zwischen dem lichten Innendurchmesser der Ausnehmung einerseits und dem Außendurchmesser des einzusetzenden Ventilsitzringes andererseits eingehalten werden müssen. Bei herkömmlichen, insbesondere aber bei modernen Motoren mit mehr als zwei Ventilen je Zylinder ergibt sich somit ein hoher Fertigungsaufwand. Ferner besteht der Nachteil, daß in Einzelfällen im späteren Betrieb ein Ventilsitzring herausfallen kann, so daß der Motor stark beschädigt wird. Das Einbringen anderer Bauelemente, wie beispielsweise Ventilführungen oder dergl. erfordert ebenfalls eine Bearbeitung nach dem Guß.In the case of engine parts which are made from aluminum alloy, it is necessary to use components made of a different material at mechanically highly stressed points, for example on the valve seats of cylinder heads, which can withstand the stresses required here. In particular, the arrangement of such valve seat rings has so far been carried out in such a way that a corresponding recess has been machined into the cylinder head at this point after the casting. The valve seat rings to be used were strongly cooled, for example with liquid nitrogen, and then inserted into the recess, so that the valve seat ring, due to its expansion as a result of the heating in the form of a "shrink connection", is frictionally stuck in the recess in the cylinder head. The disadvantage of this procedure is that the recess has to be made very precisely, because for such Shrink connections relatively narrow tolerances between the inside diameter of the recess on the one hand and the outside diameter of the valve seat ring to be used on the other hand must be observed. In conventional, but especially in modern engines with more than two valves per cylinder, this results in a high manufacturing effort. There is also the disadvantage that a valve seat ring can fall out in individual cases in later operation, so that the engine is severely damaged. The introduction of other components, such as valve guides or the like. Also requires processing after casting.

Aus der US-A-4 691 751 ist ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, bei dem die Bauteile in einer Form mit Plastikmaterial zu einer Vormontageeinheit vergossen werden, deren Form der des späteren Gußteils entspricht. Hierbei können Kernteile in der Vormontageeinheit eingeschlossen sein. Die Vormontageeinheit wird dann mit weiteren Kernteilen zusammengesetzt und schließlich in einen Formkasten eingesetzt. Beim Gießen wird das Plastikmaterial zerstört und durch Schmelze ersetzt. Besondere Maßnahmen zum genauen Zusammenfügen der Kernteile sind nicht erkennbar. Der Einsatz des Plastikmaterials steht einem Vorheizen der Bauteile vor dem Gießen entgegen.From US-A-4 691 751 a method of the type mentioned is known, in which the components are cast in a mold with plastic material to a pre-assembly unit, the shape of which corresponds to that of the later casting. Core parts can be included in the pre-assembly unit. The pre-assembly unit is then assembled with further core parts and finally inserted into a molding box. When casting, the plastic material is destroyed and replaced by melt. Special measures for the precise assembly of the core parts are not recognizable. The use of the plastic material prevents the components from being preheated before casting.

Aus der EP 0 268 656 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formen für Gießereizwecke bekannt, bei dem jeweils einzelne Kernteile nach dem Formen in einzelnen Formmaschinen in jeweils einem ihrer Formteile verbleiben und diese dann mit den darin befindlichen Kernteilen zusammengeführt werden. Ein Einlgen von metallischen Bauteilen ist hierbei nicht vorgesehen.EP 0 268 656 A1 discloses a process for the production of molds for foundry purposes, in which individual core parts each remain in one of their mold parts after molding in individual molding machines and these are then combined with the core parts located therein. Inserting metallic components is not intended.

Aus der DE 39 37 402 A1 ist ferner ein Ventilsitzring bekannt, der auf seiner Außenseite Hinterschneidungen aufweist und der als nachzuarbeitender Rohling unmittelbar in den Zylinderkopf eingegossen werden soll. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß trotz der durch die Hinterschneidungen bewirkten formschlüssigen Einbindung, keine befriedigenden Ergebnisse erzielt werden konnten. Dies beruht darauf, daß bei den bisher verwendeten Gießformen eine exakte Positionierung des einzulegenden Ventilsitzringrohlings nicht möglich war, so daß bei der anschließenden Bearbeitung der Ventilsitzfläche aufgrund von Verschiebvungen erhebliche Abweichungen in der Zentrierung auftraten.From DE 39 37 402 A1 a valve seat ring is also known which has undercuts on its outside and which is to be cast as a blank to be reworked directly into the cylinder head. However, it has been shown that, despite the positive integration caused by the undercuts, no satisfactory results could be achieved. This is due to the fact that with the casting molds previously used, exact positioning of the valve seat ring blank to be inserted was not possible, so that considerable deviations in the centering occurred during the subsequent machining of the valve seat surface due to displacements.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei der Herstellung von Motorteilen, insbesondere Zylinderköpfen aus Aluminiumlegierung das Einbringen von Bauelementen aus anderen, festeren Werkstoffen als dem Grundwerkstoff des Motorteils zu vereinfachen und die Präzision zu verbessern.The invention is based on the object in the manufacture of engine parts, in particular cylinder heads made of aluminum alloy, to simplify the introduction of components made of materials other than the base material of the engine part and to improve the precision.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß jeweils nach Abschluß des Formprozesses der einzelnen Kernteile deren Form so geöffnet wird, daß das Kernteil mit einem Formteil verbunden bleibt, daß die Bauelemente in ein offenliegendes Kernteil eingelegt werden und daß die einzelnen zusammenzufügenden Kernteile mit ihren Formteilen durch definierte Relativbewegungen der Formteile zueinander zusammengefügt werden. Bei dieser Verfahrensweise wird mit Vorteil ausgenutzt, daß derartige Gießformen heute in der sogenannten Kernformtechnik mit großer Präzision hergestellt werden können. Hierbei wird die eigentliche Gießform wie ein Kern aus einem fließfähigen, aushärtbaren Formstoff hergestellt, wobei die Form insgesamt aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzt ist. Die hohe Präzision ist dadurch möglich, daß die einzelnen Kernteile jeweils in einer aus wenigstens zwei Formteilen bestehenden Kernform für sich geformt werden, daß jeweils nach Abschluß des Formprozesses der einzelnen Kernteile deren Form so geöffnet wird, daß der Kernteil mit einem Formteil verbunden bleibt und danach die einzelnen zusammenzufügenden Kernteile mit ihren Formteilen durch definiete Relativbewegungen der Formteile zueinander zusammengefügt werden. Bei der Herstellung von Motorblöcken, Zylinderköpfen oder dergl. ist eine derartige, vorstehend als "Kern" bezeichnete Gießform aus mehr als zwei Kernteilen zusammengesetzt, so daß das Formteil für einen als Basiskernteil definierten Kernteil als Träger und Zentrierelement mit diesem verbunden bleibt, bis alle nachfolgenden Fügeoperationen abgeschlossen sind, in denen jeweils die weiteren Kernteile mit Hilfe ihrer Formteile auf das Basiskernteil aufgesetzt sind. Erst danach wird der vollständige Kern, also die vollständige Gießform, aus dem Trägerelement ausgestoßen. Da bei diesem Verfahren die für das Zusammenfügen erforderliche geometrische Zuordnung und die daraus resultierende Relativbewegung der zusammenzufügenden Kernteile zueinander durch die entsprechende Ausrichtung und Bewegung der Formteile zueinander und nicht mehr durch die Kernteile selbst erfolgt, läßt sich der Fügevorgang mit großer Präzision durchführen, da die jeweils in ihrem Formteil gehaltenen Kernteile eine räumliche Ausrichtung ausweisen, wie sie nach einem vollständigen Ausformen nie wieder zu erreichen ist. Hierbei wird mit Vorteil ausgenutzt, daß bei einem Formprozeß, bei dem das Bindemittel des Formstoffes bzw. des Kernsandes nicht durch Temperatur sondern durch chemisch-katalytische Vorgänge aktiviert wird, die Formteile der einzelnen Formmaschinen praktisch die gleiche Temperatur aufweisen und so keinerlei Maßabweichungen der einzelnen Formteile zueinander durch Wärmedehnungen auftreten. Damit ist es möglich, die einzelnen Formteile mit einander zuordenbaren Führungs- und Zentrierflächen zu versehen, so daß die Genauigkeit beim Zusammenfügen der Kernteile über die mit ihnen verbundenen Formteile zu einer Gießform aus einem nicht-metallischen Formstoff unterstützt wird. Da alle einzelnen Teile der Gießform jeweils neu hergestellt und mit großer Präzision zusammengefügt werden, ist es nunmehr möglich, auch mit dem herzustellenden Motorteil fest zu verbindende Bauelemente aus einem anderen Werkstoff, insbesondere Ventilsitzringe an Zylinderköpfen, die in ihrer geometrischen Anordnung mit großer Genauigkeit angeordnet sein müssen, unmittelbar einzugießen. Hierzu ist es lediglich notwendig, an den betreffenden Teilen der Gießform entsprechende Fixierpunkte vorzusehen, auf die oder in die die einzugießenden Bauelemente beim Zusammenfügen der Gießform eingelegt werden. Damit ist es möglich, beispielsweise Ventilsitzringe mit konischem Verlauf der Außenfläche formschlüssig einzugießen. Hierdurch ist eine optimale Formgebung und Abmessung für die Bauelemente, insbesondere für die Ventilsitzringe, möglich. Diese können beispielsweise einen größeren Außendurchmesser als bisher aufweisen, wobei eine Durchmesservergrößerung von nur 1 mm bereits erhebliche Vorteile bietet. Da ein derartiger Ventilsitzring formschlüssig gehalten ist, bleibt er unlösbar mit dem Zylinderkopf verbunden.This object is achieved in a method according to the preamble of claim 1 in that each time after the molding process of the individual core parts, their shape is opened so that the core part remains connected to a molded part, that the components are inserted into an exposed core part and that the individual core parts to be joined together with their molded parts are joined together by defined relative movements of the molded parts. This procedure takes advantage of the fact that such casting molds can today be manufactured with great precision in the so-called core molding technology. Here, the actual casting mold is made like a core from a flowable, hardenable molding material, the mold being composed of a total of several parts. The high precision is possible in that the individual core parts each consist of at least two molded parts Core mold are formed by themselves, that each time after the molding process of the individual core parts, their shape is opened so that the core part remains connected to a molded part and then the individual core parts to be joined together with their molded parts are joined together by defined relative movements of the molded parts. In the manufacture of engine blocks, cylinder heads or the like, such a mold, referred to above as the "core", is composed of more than two core parts, so that the molded part for a core part defined as a base core part remains connected to the latter as a support and centering element until all subsequent ones Joining operations are completed, in which the other core parts are placed on the base core part with the help of their molded parts. Only then is the complete core, i.e. the complete casting mold, ejected from the carrier element. Since in this method the geometric assignment required for the joining and the resulting relative movement of the core parts to be joined to one another takes place through the corresponding alignment and movement of the molded parts relative to one another and no longer through the core parts themselves, the joining process can be carried out with great precision Carry out, since the core parts held in their molded part show a spatial orientation that can never be achieved after a complete molding. It is advantageously used here that in a molding process in which the binder of the molding material or the core sand is activated not by temperature but by chemical-catalytic processes, the molded parts of the individual molding machines have practically the same temperature and so there are no dimensional deviations of the individual molded parts to each other due to thermal expansion. This makes it possible to provide the individual molded parts with mutually assignable guide and centering surfaces, so that the accuracy when the core parts are joined together via the molded parts connected to them is supported to form a casting mold made of a non-metallic molding material. Since all individual parts of the casting mold are each newly manufactured and assembled with great precision, it is now possible to also connect components made of a different material to the engine part to be manufactured, in particular valve seat rings on cylinder heads, which are arranged with great accuracy in their geometric arrangement need to pour in immediately. For this purpose, it is only necessary to provide corresponding fixing points on the relevant parts of the casting mold, onto which or into which the components to be cast in are inserted when the casting mold is assembled. This makes it possible, for example, to form-fit valve seat rings with a conical shape of the outer surface. This enables an optimal shape and dimension for the components, in particular for the valve seat rings. For example, these can have a larger outer diameter than previously, with an increase in diameter of only 1 mm already offering considerable advantages. Since such a valve seat ring is held in a form-fitting manner, it remains permanently connected to the cylinder head.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Bauelemente vor dem Einlegen in die Gießform aufgeheizt werden. Hierdurch werden allzu große Temperaturunterschiede, die sich nachteilig auf das Gefüge der sie umschließenden Aluminiumlegierung auswirken können, vermieden. Dieses Verfahren ist schon deshalb möglich, weil der gesamte Fügevorgang zur Herstellung der Gießform mechanisiert ist, so daß es auch hier möglich ist, vorgeheizte Bauelemente, insbesondere vorgeheizte Ventilsitzringe, über einen in den Ablauf der Fügeoperationen integrierten Manipulator in das entsprechende Kernteil einzulegen. Da die Gießform aus einem nicht-metallischen Formstoff besteht, erfolgt auch nur ein verhältnismäßig geringer Wärmeabfluß bis zum Beginn des Abgusses.In an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the components are heated before being inserted into the casting mold. This avoids excessive temperature differences, which can have a negative effect on the structure of the aluminum alloy surrounding them. This method is already possible because the entire joining process for the production of the casting mold is mechanized, so that it is also possible here to insert preheated components, in particular preheated valve seat rings, into the corresponding core part via a manipulator integrated in the course of the joining operations. Since the casting mold is made of a non-metallic molding material, there is only a relatively small outflow of heat until the start of casting.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen daß die Bauelemente nach dem Einlegen in die Gießform elektro-induktiv aufgeheizt werden. Hierdurch wird der Einlegevorgang beispielsweise für die Ventilsitzringe vereinfacht, da diese bei Raumtemperatur gehandhabt werden können, wohingegen der Aufheizvorgang erst dann in einer weiteren Station erfolgt, wenn die Ventilsitzringe bereits eingelegt sind. Das elektro-induktive Aufheizen der Bauelemente in der Gießform ist deshalb möglich, weil die Gießform insgesamt nicht aus Metall sondern nur aus mineralischem Formstoff bzw. Kernsand besteht, so daß die Bauelemente, insbesondere die Ventilsitzringe in der ganz oder teilweise zusammengefügten Gießform den einzigen metallischen Bestandteil darstellen. Damit ist es auch möglich, die Aufheizung berührungslos vorzunehmen, vorzugsweise unmittelbar vor dem Beginn des Gießvorganges.In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the components are electro-inductively heated after being placed in the casting mold. This simplifies the insertion process, for example for the valve seat rings, since these can be handled at room temperature, whereas the heating process only takes place in a further station when the valve seat rings have already been inserted. The electro-inductive heating of the components in the casting mold is possible because the casting mold as a whole does not consist of metal but only of mineral molding material or core sand, so that the components, in particular the valve seat rings, in the fully or partially assembled casting mold are the only metallic component represent. This also makes it possible to carry out the heating without contact, preferably immediately before the start of the casting process.

Während es grundsätzlich möglich ist, die in die Gießform eingelegten Bauelemente bei noch geöffneter Form elektro-induktiv aufzuheizen, was je nach Form des betreffenden Bauelementes notwendig ist, ist in besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehen, die Bauelemente bei vollständig zusammengefügter Gießform von außen elektro-induktiv aufzuheizen. Hierdurch ist sichergestellt, daß die über den Wärmeabfluß aus dem aufgeheizten Bauelement möglichen Temperaturbeeinflussungen der Gießform erst bei vollständig zusammengefügter Gießform erfolgen und somit hier keine Formveränderungen auftreten können. Dies ermöglicht darüber hinaus eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, die darin besteht, daß der Formhohlraum der Gießform vor Beginn des Aufheizens mit einem Schutzgas gespült wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß beispielsweise eingelegte Bauelemente aus Eisenwerkstoffen bis auf die Temperatur der einzugießenden Schmelze von etwa 800°C aufgeheizt werden können, ohne daß die einzugießenden Oberflächen oxidieren können und somit ein einwandfrei rein-metallischer Flächenkontakt zwischen dem Bauelement und dem Gießwerkstoff erzielt wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Aufheizens bei vollständig zusammengefügter Gießform besteht darin, daß je nach der Lage des einzugießenden Bauelementes in der Gießform, insbesondere bei obenliegenden Gießformen, mit dem Abguß noch während der Aufheizphase begonnen werden kann, so daß die gewünschte Endtemperatur für das aufzuheizende Bauelement in dem Augenblick erreicht ist, in dem der Kontakt mit der Schmelze eintritt.While it is fundamentally possible to electro-inductively heat the components inserted into the mold while the mold is still open, which is necessary depending on the shape of the component in question, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the components are provided with the mold fully assembled to be heated electro-inductively from the outside. This ensures that the temperature influences of the casting mold which are possible via the heat flow out of the heated component only take place when the casting mold is completely assembled and thus no shape changes can occur here. This also enables a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, which consists in flushing the mold cavity of the casting mold with a protective gas before starting the heating. This has the advantage that, for example, inserted components made of ferrous materials can be heated up to the temperature of the melt to be poured in of about 800 ° C. without the surfaces to be poured in being oxidized and thus a perfectly pure metallic surface contact between the component and the casting material is achieved . Another advantage of heating when the mold is fully assembled is that, depending on the position of the component to be cast in the mold, especially in the case of molds above, casting can still be started during the heating phase, so that the desired final temperature for the component to be heated in the moment when contact with the melt occurs.

Die Erfindung wird anhand einer schematischen Darstellung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
den Verfahrensablauf in Form eines Fließbildes,
Fig. 2
in einem vertikalen Teilschnitt einen in eine Gießform eingelegten Ventilsitzring,
Fig. 3
den fertigen Zylinderkopf mit eingegossenem Ventilsitzring.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to a schematic representation. Show it:
Fig. 1
the process flow in the form of a flow diagram,
Fig. 2
in a vertical partial section, a valve seat ring inserted into a casting mold,
Fig. 3
the finished cylinder head with cast-in valve seat ring.

Eine aus Kernformsand hergestellte Gießform für einen Zylinderkopf muß wegen der vielen Hinterschneidungen und Kanäle aus mehreren Kernteilen zusammengesetzt werden. Die einzelnen Kernteile werden über gesonderte Kernformmaschinen hergestellt und dann zusammengefügt. Das Fließbild gem. Fig. 1 zeigt den Verfahrensablauf in vereinfachter Darstellung für eine aus nur zwei Kernteilen zusammengesetzte Gießform. Hierbei wird in einer Kernformmaschine I, die einen aus zwei Formteilen 1 und 2 gebildeten Formkasten aufweist, ein erster Kernteil 3 in üblicher Weise, beispielsweise nach dem cold-box-Verfahren aus einem entsprechenden Formsand hergestellt. Das zugehörige Kernteil 4, das zusammen mit dem Kernteil 3 die vollständige Gießform bildet, wird in einer zweiten Kernformmaschine II hergestellt, die eine aus einem Formteil 5 und einem zugehörigen Formteil 6 zusammengesetzte Kernform aufweist. Sobald die beiden Kernteile 3 und 4 "geschossen" sind, öffnen die Kernformen, wobei in der Kernformmaschine I der Kernteil 3 im Formteil 1 verbleibt und in eine erste Fügestation III verfahren wird. Auf das offenliegende Kernteil 3 wird nun ein einzugießendes Bauelement 7, beispielsweise ein Ventilsitzring, mit Hilfe eines Manipulators aufgelegt. In einem nächsten Verfahrensschritt, der in der Fügestation III oder in einer nächstfolgenden Fügestation IV erfolgen kann, wird nun von der Kernformmaschine II das zugehörige Kernteil 4, das noch mit dem Formteil 5 verbunden ist, positioniert und anschließend auf das Kernteil 3 abgesenkt bzw. das Kernteil 3 angehoben, so daß beide Kernteile 3 und 4 zur fertigen Gießform zusammengefügt werden. Das Formteil 5 wird dann vom Kernteil 4 gelöst und in einer weiteren Station V die fertige Gießform 3-4, die nunmehr den eingelegten Ventilsitzring 7 mit umschließt, vom Formteil 1, das während des ganzen Verfahrensablaufs als Zentrierung und Führungsmittel gedient hat, gelöst und zur Gießstation VI verfahren und dort abgegossen. Nach dem Erkalten wird die Gießform zerstört und der anfallende Formsand wieder aufbereitet. Der Ventilsitzring 7 wird bei dem hier dargestellten Verfahrensablauf zweckmäßigerweise erst aufgeheizt und dann über den Manipulator aufgelegt. Da die Gießform aus einem nicht-metallischen Werkstoff besteht und die Fügeoperation und die Weiterführung der vollständigen Gießform bis zur Gießstation VI in kurzer Zeit von statten geht, ist der Temperaturverlust bis zu dem Zeitpunkt, in dem der Ventilsitzring mit der Schmelze in Kontakt kommt, von untergeordneter Bedeutung.A mold made from core molding sand for a cylinder head must be assembled from several core parts because of the many undercuts and channels. The individual core parts are manufactured using separate core molding machines and then assembled. The flow diagram acc. 1 shows the process sequence in a simplified representation for a casting mold composed of only two core parts. Here, in a core molding machine I, which has a mold box formed from two mold parts 1 and 2, a first core part 3 is produced in a conventional manner, for example by the cold box process, from a corresponding molding sand. The associated core part 4, which together with the core part 3 forms the complete casting mold, is produced in a second core molding machine II, which has a core mold composed of a molded part 5 and an associated molded part 6. As soon as the two core parts 3 and 4 have been “shot”, the core molds open, the core part 3 remaining in the mold part 1 in the core molding machine I and being moved into a first joining station III. A component 7 to be cast in, for example a valve seat ring, is now placed on the exposed core part 3 with the aid of a manipulator. In a next process step, which can take place in the joining station III or in a subsequent joining station IV, the associated core part 4, which is still connected to the molded part 5, is now positioned by the core molding machine II and then lowered onto the core part 3 or that Core part 3 raised so that both core parts 3 and 4 are joined together to form the finished casting mold. The molded part 5 is then detached from the core part 4 and in a further station V the finished casting mold 3-4, which now also encloses the inserted valve seat ring 7, is removed from the molded part 1, which has served as centering and guiding means during the entire process, and for Move casting station VI and cast there. After cooling, the casting mold is destroyed and the molding sand is reprocessed. The valve seat ring 7 is expedient in the process sequence shown here first heated and then placed over the manipulator. Since the casting mold is made of a non-metallic material and the joining operation and the continuation of the complete casting mold up to the casting station VI take place in a short time, the temperature loss until the time the valve seat ring comes into contact with the melt is from of minor importance.

Das Verfahren zur Aufheizung des einzugießenden Bauelementes läßt sich beispielsweise bei einzugießenden Ventilsitzringen noch verbessern, da Zylinderköpfe verhältnismäßig flache Bauelemente darstellen, die ein elektro-induktives Aufheizen ohne allzu hohen Energieaufwand auch von außen ermöglichen, d.h. wenn die Gießform bereits vollständig zusammengefügt ist und sich in Kontakt mit der Gießvorrichtung befindet. Wie in Fig. 2 in einem vergrößerten Teilschnitt dargestellt ist, wird der Ventilsitzring 7 auf eine Kernmarke 8 des Kernteils 3 aufgesetzt, so daß bei geschlossener Gießform 3-4, wie in Fig. 1 für die Station V dargestellt, mit einem zugehörigen Teil 9 des Kernteils 4 der Ventilkanal freigehalten und zugleich der Ventilsitzrohling in der Gießform fixiert ist. Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, ist die Außenfläche des Ventilsitzringes 7 konisch ausgebildet, so daß er nach Entfernen der Gießform wie Fig. 3 schematisch zeigt, formschlüssig im fertigen Gußstück 10 gehalten ist.The method for heating the component to be cast in can be further improved, for example, in the case of valve seat rings to be cast in, since cylinder heads represent relatively flat components which allow electro-inductive heating without excessive energy expenditure, i.e. from the outside, i.e. when the mold is already fully assembled and in contact with the casting device. As shown in an enlarged partial section in FIG. 2, the valve seat ring 7 is placed on a core mark 8 of the core part 3, so that when the casting mold 3-4 is closed, as shown in FIG. 1 for the station V, with an associated part 9 of the core part 4 the valve channel is kept clear and at the same time the valve seat blank is fixed in the casting mold. As shown in FIG. 2, the outer surface of the valve seat ring 7 is conical, so that after removal of the casting mold as shown in FIG. 3, it is held in a form-fitting manner in the finished casting 10.

Damit nun der eingelegte Ventilsitzring 7 unmittelbar im Bereich der Gießstation VI elektro-induktiv in der geschlossenen Form aufgeheizt werden kann, weist der Kernteil 3 eine nach unten offene Ausnehmung 11 auf, in die eine wassergekühlte Induktionsspule 12 eingeführt werden kann, die in ihrem, dem aufzuheizenden Ventilsitzring unmittelbar zugekehrten Stirnbereich mit einem Eisenkern 13 versehen ist. Diese Form der Aufheizung ist deshalb möglich, weil die Gießform 3-4 insgesamt außer den eingelegten Bauelementen, hier den Ventilsitzringen 7, keine metallischen Teile aufweist. Da die Gießform 3-4 zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits vollständig geschlossen ist, kann der Formhohlraum 14 zunächst mit einem Schutzgas, beispielsweise Stickstoff durchspült werden, so daß dann die Ventilsitzringe 7 oxidationsfrei auf Temperaturen bis zu 800°C aufgeheizt werden können. Wegen der geringen Masse sind hierbei die Ventilsitzringe in wenigen Sekunden aufheizbar, so daß noch während des Aufheizvorganges mit dem Guß begonnen werden kann, so daß die Aufheizphase bei der gewünschten Endtemperatur erst in dem Augenblick beendet ist, wenn die in die Form einlaufende Schmelze mit den einzugießenden Bauelementen, hier den Ventilsitzringen 7, in Kontakt kommt. Durch diese zeitlichen Überschneidungen des Endes der Aufheizphase einerseits und des Beginns der Gießphase andererseits, kann eine für die Serienproduktion wünschenswerte Zeitverkürzung des Gießvorganges insgesamt erreicht werden.So that the inserted valve seat ring 7 can be heated electro-inductively in the closed form directly in the region of the casting station VI, the core part 3 has a downwardly open recess 11 into which a water-cooled induction coil 12 can be inserted, which in its, the valve seat ring to be heated directly facing end area is provided with an iron core 13. This form of heating is possible because the casting mold 3-4, in addition to the inserted components, here the valve seat rings 7, has no metallic parts. Since the mold 3-4 is already completely closed at this point, the mold cavity 14 can first be flushed with a protective gas, for example nitrogen, so that the valve seat rings 7 can then be heated to temperatures up to 800 ° C. without oxidation. Because of the low mass, the valve seat rings can be heated up in a few seconds so that casting can begin while the heating process is still running, so that the heating up phase at the desired end temperature only ends when the melt entering the mold comes into contact with the components to be poured, here the valve seat rings 7, comes into contact. Due to this overlap in time of the end of the heating phase on the one hand and the beginning of the casting phase on the other hand, a time reduction of the casting process which is desirable for series production can be achieved overall.

Das in Fig. 2 und 3 schematisch dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zylinderkopfes für einen Motor mit vier Ventilen je Zylinder läßt den erheblichen fertigungstechnischen Vorteil des Verfahrens erkennen. Da die Ventilrohlinge 7 geometrisch genau in der gewünschten Zuordnung eingegeossen sind, wird die anschließende Fertigbearbeitung vereinfacht.The embodiment of a cylinder head for an engine with four valves per cylinder, shown schematically in FIGS. 2 and 3, shows the considerable manufacturing advantage of the method. Since the valve blanks 7 are cast geometrically precisely in the desired assignment, the subsequent finishing is simplified.

Claims (6)

  1. A process of casting an aluminium alloy engine part, especially a cylinder head, using a die composed of a plurality of core parts, with the core parts (3, 4) of the die consisting of a non-metallic moulding material and with elements (7) which consist of a material other than aluminium alloy, with a higher melting point, and which have to be securely connected to the engine part to be cast being inserted into the die at predetermined fixing points (8) when joining said core parts to form the complete die, whereupon the casting operation takes place,
    characterised in that, after completion of the process of moulding the individual core parts (3, 4), their mould (1, 2; 5, 6) is opened in such manner that the core part (3, 4) remains connected to a mould part (1; 5); that the elements (7) are inserted into an open core part (3); and that the individual core parts (3, 4) to be joined are joined to their mould parts (1; 5) by means of defined relative movements between the mould parts (1; 5).
  2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the elements (7) are heated prior to being inserted into the die.
  3. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the elements (7) are heated by electro-induction heating after having been inserted into the die.
  4. A process according to claims 1 and 3, characterised in that after the die (3-4) has been fully joined, the elements (7) are heated by electro-induction heating from the outside.
  5. A process according to claim 4, characterised in that before commencement of the heating operation, the die cavity (14) for the die (3-4) is flushed with a protective gas.
  6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that casting commences prior to completion of the heating phase.
EP92907886A 1991-04-10 1992-04-03 Process for casting an aluminium-alloy engine part, in particular a cylinder head Expired - Lifetime EP0578705B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4111676 1991-04-10
DE4111676A DE4111676A1 (en) 1991-04-10 1991-04-10 METHOD FOR CASTING AN ALUMINUM ALLOY ENGINE BLOCK
PCT/EP1992/000747 WO1992018269A1 (en) 1991-04-10 1992-04-03 Process for casting an aluminium-alloy engine part, in particular a cylinder head

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0578705A1 EP0578705A1 (en) 1994-01-19
EP0578705B1 true EP0578705B1 (en) 1995-01-25

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JP (1) JPH07500291A (en)
AT (1) ATE117607T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4111676A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992018269A1 (en)

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DE19612500A1 (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-02 Bleistahl Prod Gmbh & Co Kg Process for the production of cylinder heads for internal combustion engines
DE19703399A1 (en) * 1997-01-30 1998-08-06 Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc Method for producing a housing block for a hydraulic unit
DE19746167A1 (en) * 1997-10-18 1999-04-22 Volkswagen Ag Cast light metal component with insert incorporated during casting
DE19852595A1 (en) * 1998-11-14 2000-05-18 Georg Fischer Disa Ag Process and plant for the production of castings from aluminum with inlays
DE10211053A1 (en) * 2002-03-13 2003-10-09 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Process for casting cylinder crankcases and core package for casting cylinder crankcases, core box and core package

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH251502A (en) * 1944-03-18 1947-10-31 Mecanique Du Centre Societe An A method of manufacturing a light alloy engine cylinder head, and an engine cylinder head obtained by this method.
FR1238335A (en) * 1959-06-29 1960-08-12 Hispano Suiza Sa Improvements made to light metal parts, in particular engine cylinder heads, which must contain metal inclusions, and to the processes for their production
JPS57115964A (en) * 1981-01-08 1982-07-19 Kubota Ltd Insert casting method for steel core
US4691754A (en) * 1985-12-31 1987-09-08 Deere & Company Method for forming castings having inserts
JPS6415262A (en) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-19 Nissan Motor Method for casting cylinder block inserting cylinder liner as cast-in

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JPH07500291A (en) 1995-01-12
WO1992018269A1 (en) 1992-10-29
ATE117607T1 (en) 1995-02-15
EP0578705A1 (en) 1994-01-19
DE59201300D1 (en) 1995-03-09
DE4111676A1 (en) 1992-10-15

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