EP0578605B1 - Schmelzbad und Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Oberflächenbeschichtung - Google Patents
Schmelzbad und Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Oberflächenbeschichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0578605B1 EP0578605B1 EP93610041A EP93610041A EP0578605B1 EP 0578605 B1 EP0578605 B1 EP 0578605B1 EP 93610041 A EP93610041 A EP 93610041A EP 93610041 A EP93610041 A EP 93610041A EP 0578605 B1 EP0578605 B1 EP 0578605B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- melting point
- high melting
- bath
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a weld pool of the type specified in the introduction to claim 1.
- Refractory metals are generally very resistant against corrosion in acidic and oxidizing media, e.g. Nb and Ta become only slightly to 200 ° C warm concentrated sulfuric acid and elemental chlorine attacked. They can also withstand high temperatures (Melting points> 2000 ° C) in a non-oxidizing atmosphere resist.
- Coatings made of high-melting metals can be precipitated electrolytically from molten salts containing chloride and fluoride.
- Such methods are described in the literature (GW Mellors and S. Senderoff, US Pat. 1969, No. 3,444,058, JE Perry, US Pat. 1968, No. 3,371,020, GP Capsimalis, ES Chen, RE Peterson and I. Ahmad, J Appl. Electrochem. 17 , 253 (1987), P. Los and J. Joslak, B. Electrochem. 5 , 829 (1989), P. Taxil and J. Mahenc, J. Appl. Electrochem.
- the baths for electrolytic surface coating described above have in common that they only contain fluoride and complex fluorides as anions and in some cases chlorides (VI Konstantinov, EG Plolyakov and PT Stangrit, Electrochemica Acta 26 , 445 (1981), AN Baimakov, SA Kuznetsov, EG Polyakov and PT Stangrit, Elektrokhim 21, 597 (1985)).
- chloride-containing baths have mostly resulted in dendritic precipitates or have caused the formation of lower, positive oxidation levels of the high-melting metals. So far, it has been assumed that even small amounts of oxide are detrimental to the precipitation quality when pure fluoride baths are used.
- the present invention is in the introduction of claim 1 specified type, and is characterized by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
- the previously known disadvantages are avoided, e.g. impure and disjointed surface layers, and plating with the metals mentioned can continuously with an economical and technical satisfactory result.
- the invention also relates to a method of Introduction of claim 4 specified type, which by the in characterizing part of claim 4 specified features is shaped.
- the molten salt baths according to the invention also include the fluoride anions also a substantial amount of oxide anions.
- Such composite baths can be used for electrolytic Plating of fine crystalline coherent and adhesive surface layers made of high-melting Metals are used.
- the content of the weld pool must contain metal ions of the high-melting metal to be precipitated between 1.0 and 8 atomic%, and the molar ratio between oxide and metal must be in the interval 0.1 to 1.5 lie to coherent surface layers of pure Metal at working temperatures between the melting point and reach about 900 ° C.
- the redox level of the weld pool must be determined by adding a Redox agents are kept at a suitable value.
- the electrolytic precipitation must be in an inert, not oxidizing atmosphere from e.g. Argon, neon, dry Nitrogen or under vacuum.
- the bath composition according to the invention is not more corrosive, so that containers and the like from any Material that is not essential can be used the melt reacts, e.g. vitreous carbon, Graphite, stabilizing zirconium oxides, nickel and nickel-containing Materials, sialons and aluminum nitride.
- any Material that is not essential can be used the melt reacts, e.g. vitreous carbon, Graphite, stabilizing zirconium oxides, nickel and nickel-containing Materials, sialons and aluminum nitride.
- the cathode on which the metal is precipitated must be off an electrically conductive, solid material that does not react too much with the molten electrolyte.
- This can be steel, alloy steel, graphite, nickel, nickel-containing Alloys or copper.
- the anode can consist of the metal to be precipitated, e.g. in the form of bars, metal foil or plates in various geometrical designs.
- the anode serves thus as a source for the metal to be precipitated, and holds also the oxidation level of the high-melting metal in the melt in the desired area.
- the electrolyte bath can also be used as a metal source will.
- an inert anode can, for example Graphite, glassy carbon or platinum be used.
- metal ions to the melt be so that the concentration of the metal to be precipitated is kept within the desired interval.
- a reducing agent must also be added, e.g. the relevant high-melting metal, so the oxidation level becomes correct.
- the bath composition according to the invention is based that alkali fluoride melt mixtures with the addition of Niobium / tantalum fluorides, niobium / tantalum oxides, niobium / tantalum Oxofluorides or mixtures thereof are used as the electrolyte be sufficient, as well as oxide in order to the Metal / oxide ratio in the desired interval hold.
- the preferred base melt is eutectic mixture of LiF-NaF-KF. This mix will Niobium / tantalum in the form of fluorides, oxofluorides, complex Fluorides / oxofluorides or oxides added. To get the correct one The oxide content of the melt will reach this possibly with admixed oxides of the 1st or 2nd main group, and / or oxides or oxofluorides of the precipitated Metal adjusted. These components make up that Electrolytic bath.
- Niobium was plated from a melt containing 2.7 mol% niobium and 2.7 mol% oxide with eutectic LiF-NaF-KF as the base melt onto a rod made of low-carbon steel. Niobium was added as K 2 NbF 7 and the oxide as Na 2 O.
- the anode consisted of a 1 mm thick niobium plate. Process temperature 700 ° C, current density (cathodic) 77 mA / cm 2 . Before the electrolysis, the niobium anode was immersed in the electrolyte bath for 3 hours. The cathodic current efficiency was 95%. The precipitated surface layer was crystalline, coherent and adhered well to the low carbon steel substrate. EDX analyzes showed that the layer consisted of 100% niobium.
- Niobium was processed under the same process conditions as in Example 1 plated on carbon steel.
- the melt electrolyte was a eutectic mixture of LiF-NaF-KF with a niobium content of 3.2 mol% and an oxide content of 3.2 mole%.
- the precipitated surface layer consisted of pure niobium (EDX analysis), was fine crystalline, coherent and adhered well to the substrate. The cathodic current efficiency was 77%.
- Niobium was precipitated on carbon steel under the same process conditions as in Example 1.
- the melt electrolyte was a eutectic mixture of LiF-NaF-KF with added oxide-containing NbF 5 .
- the contents of niobium and oxide were 2.7 and about 3.2 mol%, respectively.
- the precipitated layer was coherent, fine crystalline and adhered well to the steel base.
- EDX analysis showed that the surface layer was 100% niobium.
- the cathodic current efficiency was 56%.
- Tantalum was precipitated from a base melt of eutectic LiF-NaF-KF with added K 2 TaF 7 and Na 2 O on carbon steel.
- the mol% of tantalum and oxide were 2.7 and about 2.0, respectively.
- a cylinder made of 1 mm thick tantalum foil was used as the anode.
- the anode was immersed for 3 hours before electrolysis.
- the process temperature was 700 ° C.
- the precipitated surface layer consisted of pure tantalum metal, was coherent, fine-crystalline and adhered well to the base of low-carbon steel.
- the cathodic current efficiency was 78%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
Claims (4)
- Schmelzbad für die elektrolystische Oberflächenbeschichtung mit einem der hochschmelzenden Metalle Nb, Ta, W oder Mo, insbesondere Niob oder Tantal, auf der Basis einer Salzschmelze aus Alkalimetallfluoriden und einem Fluorid des hochschmelzenden Metalls,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß der Inhalt des Bades an Metallionen des hochschmelzenden Metalls zwischen 1 und 8 Atom % liegt;daß das Bad Oxidanionen enthält undmit dem hochschmelzenden Metall in metallischer Form in Berührung ist oderein entsprechendes Redoxmittel enthält; unddaß das Molverhältnis zwischen Oxidanionen und Metallionen des hochschmelzenden Metalls im Intervall 0,1 bis 1,5 liegt. - Bad nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oxidanionen in Form eines Alkalimetalloxids oder eines Oxids, Oxofluorids oder komplexen Oxofluorids des hochschmelzenden Metalls zugegeben werden.
- Bad nach Anspruch 1-2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallionen des hochschmelzenden Metalls in Form eines Fluorids, eines Chlorids, eines komplexen Fluorids, eines komplexen Chlorids, eines Oxids, eines Oxofluorids oder eines komplexen Oxofluorids des hochschmelzenden Metalls zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren für die elektrolystische Oberflächenbeschichtung mit einem der hochschmelzenden Metalle Nb, Ta, W oder Mo, insbesondere Niob und Tantal, in einer inerten, nicht oxidierenden Atmosphäre oder unter Vakuum, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Elektrolyse ein Bad mit einer Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3 verwendet wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK897/92 | 1992-07-08 | ||
DK89792 | 1992-07-08 | ||
DK089792A DK169354B1 (da) | 1992-07-08 | 1992-07-08 | Smeltebad og fremgangsmåde til elektrolytisk overfladebelægning med refractory metaller fra fluoridholdige saltsmelter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0578605A1 EP0578605A1 (de) | 1994-01-12 |
EP0578605B1 true EP0578605B1 (de) | 1998-03-04 |
Family
ID=8098774
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93610041A Expired - Lifetime EP0578605B1 (de) | 1992-07-08 | 1993-07-02 | Schmelzbad und Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Oberflächenbeschichtung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0578605B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE163691T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59308195D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK169354B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK174876B1 (da) | 2001-02-26 | 2004-01-12 | Danfoss As | Implantat og implantatoverflademodificeringsproces |
DE112005002435B4 (de) * | 2004-10-01 | 2014-01-02 | Kyoto University | Salzschmelzebad, Abscheidung erhalten unter Verwendung des Salzschmelzebades, Herstellungsverfahren für ein Metallprodukt und Metallprodukt |
GB201117335D0 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2011-11-23 | Element Six Abrasives Sa | Method of processing a composite body |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2905599A (en) * | 1956-02-15 | 1959-09-22 | Jerome J Wick | Electrolytic cladding of zirconium on uranium |
-
1992
- 1992-07-08 DK DK089792A patent/DK169354B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-07-02 DE DE59308195T patent/DE59308195D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-02 AT AT93610041T patent/ATE163691T1/de active
- 1993-07-02 EP EP93610041A patent/EP0578605B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59308195D1 (de) | 1998-04-09 |
ATE163691T1 (de) | 1998-03-15 |
DK169354B1 (da) | 1994-10-10 |
DK89792D0 (da) | 1992-07-08 |
DK89792A (da) | 1994-01-09 |
EP0578605A1 (de) | 1994-01-12 |
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