EP0578140B1 - Heat exchanger using cyclones with a bottom exhaust gases tube - Google Patents

Heat exchanger using cyclones with a bottom exhaust gases tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578140B1
EP0578140B1 EP19930110554 EP93110554A EP0578140B1 EP 0578140 B1 EP0578140 B1 EP 0578140B1 EP 19930110554 EP19930110554 EP 19930110554 EP 93110554 A EP93110554 A EP 93110554A EP 0578140 B1 EP0578140 B1 EP 0578140B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
stage
cyclone separator
cylindrical upper
cyclone
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EP19930110554
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0578140A1 (en
Inventor
Detlev Dr.-Ing. Kupper
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Rother
Karl Krützner
Gerd-Peter Dipl.-Ing. Meyer
Günter Dipl. - Ing. Driemeier
Ludger Dr.-Ing. Brentrup
Heinz-Herbert Dipl.-Ing. Schmits
Bernhard Dipl.-Ing. Korte
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Krupp Polysius AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
    • B04C3/04—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/003—Cyclones or chain of cyclones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2016—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge
    • F27B7/2025—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of a single string of cyclones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-stage heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Multi-stage cyclone heat exchangers are known in a wide variety of designs, in particular with and without a pre-calcining device (see, for example, DUDA, Cement-Data-Book, 3rd edition, pp. 444 to 516). Since the immersion pipe of the individual cyclone separators is guided outwards through the cylindrical upper part, the individual stages of the heat exchanger are essentially arranged one above the other (albeit slightly offset laterally).
  • Conventional cyclone preheaters such as those used in particular for preheating raw cement meal, therefore have a considerable overall height, depending on the number of preheater stages. However, the height not only requires a very complex support structure for the heat exchanger, but also often impairs the natural landscape.
  • a multi-stage cyclone heat exchanger of the type required in the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A-2 866 272.
  • the pipe for removing the gas is guided between two stages both in the area above the cyclone separator and in the area below the cyclone separator with corresponding line sections and with several pipe elbows.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a heat exchanger which is required in the preamble of claim 1 Form in such a way that there is a particularly low overall height.
  • centrifugal dust separator the cylindrical upper part of which can be equipped with a tangential inlet connection or with an axial inlet and which has an axial clean air tube in the form of an immersion tube which emerges axially downwards, with a corresponding lateral one Dust outlet.
  • it is a single, pure centrifugal dust separator, through which it is to be achieved that the dusted air in a rotating rotary motion after discharge of the dust particles can flow off to the center axis and out via the axially downwardly guided clean air tube.
  • the dip tube of the cyclone separator is through the lower part of the cyclone separator led to the outside and connected via a bend to the connecting line leading to the cyclone separator of the next stage.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention has a height that is less than 50% of the height of a conventional cyclone heat exchanger.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a cyclone separator 1 suitable for use in a heat exchanger according to the invention. It contains a cylindrical upper part 2 and a funnel-shaped lower part 3 with an outlet 4 for the solid separated from the solid-gas mixture.
  • an immersion tube 5 which opens into the cylindrical upper part 2 and is guided outwards through the lower part 3.
  • This dip tube 5 is - as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 - via a manifold 6 connected to a connecting line leading to the cyclone separator of the next stage.
  • the cyclone separator 1 is also provided with a tangential inlet 7 for a solid-gas mixture, this tangential inlet being connected to a connecting line 8 coming from the previous stage of the heat exchanger.
  • the cyclone separator 1 is also provided with a vortex support 9 which projects from the ceiling 10 into the cylindrical upper part 2. This vortex support 9 stabilizes the swirl flow in the separation space of the cyclone separator 1 and thus increases the degree of separation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the interconnection of several cyclone separators 1, 1a, 1a, lc, 1c, le to form a multi-stage heat exchanger.
  • the dip tube (e.g. 5) of a cyclone separator (e.g. 1) is connected to the connecting pipe (e.g. 8a) leading to the next stage (e.g. cyclone separator la) via the subsequent elbow (e.g. 6).
  • all cyclone separators of the multi-stage heat exchanger are arranged at approximately the same height.
  • the solids outlet (e.g. 4a) of the individual cyclone separators (e.g. la) is connected to the connecting line (e.g. 8) leading to the tangential inlet (e.g. 7) of the stage preceding the gas flow direction (e.g. cyclone separator 1).
  • the task of the solid to be preheated in the heat exchanger takes place at 11 in the cyclone separator 1e the last stage connecting line 8e.
  • the material separated from the cyclone separator 1 of the first stage is fed directly to a rotary kiln (not shown) in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the exhaust gases from the rotary kiln enter the connecting line 8 leading to the cyclone separator 1 and, after flowing through all stages of the heat exchanger, are drawn off by an exhaust gas fan (not illustrated) through the immersion tube 5e of the cyclone separator le.
  • the multi-stage heat exchanger formed by the cyclone separators 1 to 1 is connected to a calcining device 12 which is arranged in the loop-shaped gas line 14 arranged between a rotary kiln 13 and the first cyclone separator 1 of the heat exchanger.
  • a calcining device 12 which is arranged in the loop-shaped gas line 14 arranged between a rotary kiln 13 and the first cyclone separator 1 of the heat exchanger.
  • additional fuel is introduced into the calcining device 12, which also receives tertiary air from a cooler (not shown) via a tertiary air line 16.
  • the material discharged via the outlet 4a of the cyclone separator la is introduced into the calcining device 12.
  • the material emerging from the outlet 4 of the cyclone separator 1 reaches the rotary kiln 13.
  • 5 to 13 illustrate some variants in the design of the cyclone separator.
  • the cyclone is separator 1 with two outlets 4, 4 'for solid matter Mistake.
  • These two outlets 4, 4 ' can be arranged, for example, at diametrically opposite circumferential points of the connecting line leading to the preceding stage (preferably at the same height).
  • an additional solids outlet 4 ' is provided in the area of the manifold 6 connected to the dip tube 5, through which material dropping out of the gas stream is discharged in this deflection zone.
  • This additional solids outlet 4 ' is expediently connected to a previous part of the heat exchanger in the gas flow direction, for example to the gas line leading to the same stage or to a previous stage of the heat exchanger, to the calcining device 12 (see FIG. 4) or to the inlet of one of the Heat exchanger upstream rotary kiln.
  • Such an additional solids outlet 4 ' is preferably connected in the area of the manifold 6 of the two first stages of the heat exchanger in the gas flow direction (i.e. following the cyclone separator 1 and la according to FIGS. 3 and 4). In this way, the degree of separation of these cyclone stages can be improved, and also registered approaches can be eliminated.
  • the material conveyed through such an additional solids outlet can be conveyed further via a chute, a pneumatic or mechanical conveying device.
  • cyclone separator 1 has, in addition to the immersion tube 5 guided downwards, a further immersion tube 5 'which is guided outwards through the upper part 2 of the separator and which leads via a connecting line 17 into the cyclone separator of the next stage Manifold 6 opens.
  • a cyclone separator is characterized by a particularly low pressure drop. The confluence of part of the gas flow in the manifold 6 also counteracts deposits and deposits in this area.
  • FIGS 8 and 9 show different options for holding the multi-stage heat exchanger.
  • the installation levels 18 or 19 can be selected will. If the construction is not self-supporting, an installation level 20 is selected on which the cyclone separators are supported with their cylindrical upper part.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a hanging arrangement of the cyclone separators using a support frame 21.
  • the dip tube 5 and the vortex support 9 can be arranged centrally in the cylindrical upper part 2 of the cyclone separator 1, as shown in FIG.
  • an eccentric arrangement of dip tube 5 and vertebral support 9 is also possible, as is shown schematically in FIG. 11.
  • the upper edge of the dip tube 5 can either be sharp-edged (Fig. 12) or rounded (Fig. 13).
  • air shut-off devices e.g. pendulum flaps
  • pendulum flaps can be provided in the good lines that connect to the solids outlets 4.
  • the ratio of the height to the width of the inlet cross-section 7 '(see FIGS. 10 and 11) of the tangential inlet 7 of the cyclone separator 1 is greater than 2: 1.
  • the suspension is set in rotation and an effective separation of gas and solid is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen mehrstufigen Wärmetauscher entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a multi-stage heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.

Mehrstufige Zyklonwärmetauscher sind in den verschiedensten Bauformen, insbesondere mit und ohne Vorcalciniereinrichtung, bekannt (vgl. etwa DUDA, Cement-Data-Book, 3. Auflage, S.444 bis 516). Da hierbei das Tauchrohr der einzelnen Zyklonabscheider jeweils durch das zylindrische Oberteil nach außen geführt ist, sind die einzelnen Stufen des Wärmetauschers im wesentlichen übereinander (wenngleich seitlich etwas versetzt) angeordnet. Konventionelle Zyklonvorwärmer, wie sie insbesondere zur Vorwärmung von Zementrohmehl Verwendung finden, weisen daher - abhängig von der Zahl der Vorwärmerstufen - eine beträchtliche Bauhöhe auf. Die Bauhöhe bedingt jedoch nicht nur eine sehr aufwendige Tragkonstruktion des Wärmetauschers, sondern beeinträchtigt oft auch das natürliche Landschaftsbild.Multi-stage cyclone heat exchangers are known in a wide variety of designs, in particular with and without a pre-calcining device (see, for example, DUDA, Cement-Data-Book, 3rd edition, pp. 444 to 516). Since the immersion pipe of the individual cyclone separators is guided outwards through the cylindrical upper part, the individual stages of the heat exchanger are essentially arranged one above the other (albeit slightly offset laterally). Conventional cyclone preheaters, such as those used in particular for preheating raw cement meal, therefore have a considerable overall height, depending on the number of preheater stages. However, the height not only requires a very complex support structure for the heat exchanger, but also often impairs the natural landscape.

Ein mehrstufiger Zyklonwärmetauscher der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 vorausgesetzten Art ist aus der US-A-2 866 272 bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Wärmetauscher wird das Rohr zur Abführung des Gases zwischen zwei Stufen sowohl im Bereich oberhalb der Zyklonabscheider als auch im Bereich unterhalb der Zyklonabscheider mit entsprechenden Leitungsabschnitten sowie mit mehreren Rohrkrümmern geführt.A multi-stage cyclone heat exchanger of the type required in the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A-2 866 272. In this known heat exchanger, the pipe for removing the gas is guided between two stages both in the area above the cyclone separator and in the area below the cyclone separator with corresponding line sections and with several pipe elbows.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Wärmetauscher der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 vorausgesetzten Art so auszubilden, daß sich eine besonders niedrige Bauhöhe ergibt.The invention is therefore based on the object of a heat exchanger which is required in the preamble of claim 1 Form in such a way that there is a particularly low overall height.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Appropriate embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Aus der DE-C-883 555 ist ein Fliehkraft-Staubabscheider bekannt, dessen zylindrisches Oberteil mit einem tangentialen Einlaßstutzen oder mit einem axialen Einlaß ausgestattet sein kann und der ein axiales Reinluftrohr in Form eines Tauchrohres aufweist, das axial nach unten austritt, bei entsprechendem seitlichen Staubauslaß. Bei dieser bekannten Ausführung handelt es sich um einen einzelnen, reinen Fliehkraft-Staubabscheider, durch den erreicht werden soll, daß die in kreisende Drehbewegung versetzte Staubluft nach erfolgter Ausschleuderung der Staubteilchen nach der Mittelachse zu und über das axial nach unten herausgeführte Reinluftrohr abfließen kann.From DE-C-883 555 a centrifugal dust separator is known, the cylindrical upper part of which can be equipped with a tangential inlet connection or with an axial inlet and which has an axial clean air tube in the form of an immersion tube which emerges axially downwards, with a corresponding lateral one Dust outlet. In this known embodiment, it is a single, pure centrifugal dust separator, through which it is to be achieved that the dusted air in a rotating rotary motion after discharge of the dust particles can flow off to the center axis and out via the axially downwardly guided clean air tube.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher ist das Tauchrohr der Zyklonabscheider durch das Unterteil der Zyklonabscheider nach außen geführt und über einen Krümmer an die zum Zyklonabscheider der nächsten Stufe führende Verbindungsleitung angeschlossen. Auf diese Weise erhält der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher eine Bauhöhe, die weniger als 50 % der Bauhöhe eines konventionellen Zyklonwarmetauschers beträgt.In the heat exchanger according to the invention, the dip tube of the cyclone separator is through the lower part of the cyclone separator led to the outside and connected via a bend to the connecting line leading to the cyclone separator of the next stage. In this way, the heat exchanger according to the invention has a height that is less than 50% of the height of a conventional cyclone heat exchanger.

Es zeigte sich bei den der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Versuchen, daß man trotz des nach unten herausgeführten Tauchrohres einen hohen Abscheidegrad bei niedrigen Druckverlust erreicht. Ursächlich dürfte hierfür sein, daß die Gas-Feststoffsuspension im Abscheideraum in vertikaler Richtung im wesentlichen nicht umgelenkt wird.It was shown in the experiments on which the invention is based that, despite the dip tube being led downwards, a high degree of separation with a low pressure loss is achieved. The reason for this is probably that the gas-solid suspension in the separation chamber is essentially not deflected in the vertical direction.

Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung einiger in den Fig.1 bis 13 der Zeichnung veranschaulichter Ausführungsbeispiele,Details of the invention result from the following description of some exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 13 of the drawing,

Die Fig.1 und 2 zeigen einen für den Einsatz in einem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher geeigneten Zyklonabscheider 1. Er enthält ein zylindrisches Oberteil 2 sowie ein trichterförmiges Unterteil 3 mit einem Auslaß 4 für den aus dem Feststoff-Gasgemisch abgeschiedenen Feststoff.1 and 2 show a cyclone separator 1 suitable for use in a heat exchanger according to the invention. It contains a cylindrical upper part 2 and a funnel-shaped lower part 3 with an outlet 4 for the solid separated from the solid-gas mixture.

Weiterhin ist ein Tauchrohr 5 vorgesehen, das im zylindrischen Oberteil 2 ausmündet und durch das Unterteil 3 nach außen geführt ist. Diese Tauchrohr 5 ist - wie anhand der Fig.3 und 4 noch näher erläutert wird - über einen Krümmer 6 an eine zum Zyklonabscheider der nächsten Stufe führende Verbindungsleitung angeschlossen.Furthermore, an immersion tube 5 is provided which opens into the cylindrical upper part 2 and is guided outwards through the lower part 3. This dip tube 5 is - as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 - via a manifold 6 connected to a connecting line leading to the cyclone separator of the next stage.

Der Zyklonabscheider 1 ist ferner mit einem tangentialen Einlaß 7 für ein Feststoff-Gasgemisch versehen, wobei sich dieser tangentiale Einlaß an eine von der vorhergehenden Stufe des Wärmetauschers kommende Verbindungsleitung 8 anschließt.The cyclone separator 1 is also provided with a tangential inlet 7 for a solid-gas mixture, this tangential inlet being connected to a connecting line 8 coming from the previous stage of the heat exchanger.

Der Zyklonabscheider 1 ist weiterhin mit einer Wirbelstütze 9 versehen, die von der Decke 10 in das zylindrische Oberteil 2 hineinragt. Diese Wirbelstütze 9 stabilisiert die Drallströmung im Abscheideraum des Zyklonabscheiders 1 und erhöht damit den Abscheidegrad.The cyclone separator 1 is also provided with a vortex support 9 which projects from the ceiling 10 into the cylindrical upper part 2. This vortex support 9 stabilizes the swirl flow in the separation space of the cyclone separator 1 and thus increases the degree of separation.

Fig.3 zeigt die Zusammenschaltung mehrerer Zyklonabscheider 1, 1a, 1a, lc, 1c, le zu einem mehrstufigen Wärmetauscher. Hierbei ist jeweils das Tauchrohr (z.B. 5) eines Zyklonabscheiders (z.B. 1) über den anschließenden Krümmer (z.B. 6) an die zur nächsten Stufe (z.B. Zyklonabscheider la) führende Verbindungsleitung (z.B. 8a) angeschlossen. Bei dem in Fig.3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind dabei alle Zyklonabscheider des mehrstufigen Wärmetauschers auf etwa gleicher Höhe angeordnet.3 shows the interconnection of several cyclone separators 1, 1a, 1a, lc, 1c, le to form a multi-stage heat exchanger. The dip tube (e.g. 5) of a cyclone separator (e.g. 1) is connected to the connecting pipe (e.g. 8a) leading to the next stage (e.g. cyclone separator la) via the subsequent elbow (e.g. 6). In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, all cyclone separators of the multi-stage heat exchanger are arranged at approximately the same height.

Der Feststoff-Auslaß (z.B. 4a) der einzelnen Zyklonabscheider (z.B. la) ist dabei jeweils an die zum tangentialen Einlaß (z.B. 7) der in Gasströmungsrichtung vorangehenden Stufe (z.B. Zyklonabscheider 1) führende Verbindungsleitung (z.B. 8) angeschlossen.The solids outlet (e.g. 4a) of the individual cyclone separators (e.g. la) is connected to the connecting line (e.g. 8) leading to the tangential inlet (e.g. 7) of the stage preceding the gas flow direction (e.g. cyclone separator 1).

Die Aufgabe des im Wärmetauscher vorzuwärmenden Feststoffes erfolgt bei 11 in die zum Zyklonabscheider 1e der letzten Stufe führende Verbindungsleitung 8e. Das aus dem Zyklonabscheider 1 der ersten Stufe abgeschiedene Gut wird bei dem in Fig.3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel direkt einem (nicht veranschaulichten) Drehrohrofen zugeführt.The task of the solid to be preheated in the heat exchanger takes place at 11 in the cyclone separator 1e the last stage connecting line 8e. The material separated from the cyclone separator 1 of the first stage is fed directly to a rotary kiln (not shown) in the embodiment shown in FIG.

Die Abgase des Drehrohrofens treten in die zum Zyklonabscheider 1 führende Verbindungsleitung 8 ein und werden nach Durchströmen aller Stufen des Wärmetauschers von einem (nicht veranschaulichten) Abgasventilator durch das Tauchrohr 5e des Zyklonabscheiders le abgezogen.The exhaust gases from the rotary kiln enter the connecting line 8 leading to the cyclone separator 1 and, after flowing through all stages of the heat exchanger, are drawn off by an exhaust gas fan (not illustrated) through the immersion tube 5e of the cyclone separator le.

Bei dem in Fig.4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der von den Zyklonabscheidern 1 bis le gebildete mehrstufige Wärmetauscher an eine Calciniereinrichtung 12 angeschlossen, die in der zwischen einem Drehrohrofen 13 und dem ersten Zyklonabscheider 1 des Wärmetauschers angeordneten, schleifenförmig ausgestalteten Gasleitung 14 angeordnet ist. Bei 15 wird hierbei zusätzlicher Brennstoff in die Calciniereinrichtung 12 eingeführt, die außerdem von einem (nicht dargestellten) Kühler Tertiärluft über eine Tertiärluftleitung 16 erhält.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the multi-stage heat exchanger formed by the cyclone separators 1 to 1 is connected to a calcining device 12 which is arranged in the loop-shaped gas line 14 arranged between a rotary kiln 13 and the first cyclone separator 1 of the heat exchanger. At 15, additional fuel is introduced into the calcining device 12, which also receives tertiary air from a cooler (not shown) via a tertiary air line 16.

Das über den Auslaß 4a des Zyklonabscheiders la ausgetragene Gut wird in die Calciniereinrichtung 12 eingeführt. Das aus dem Auslaß 4 des Zyklonabscheiders 1 austretende Gut gelangt in den Drehrohrofen 13.The material discharged via the outlet 4a of the cyclone separator la is introduced into the calcining device 12. The material emerging from the outlet 4 of the cyclone separator 1 reaches the rotary kiln 13.

Die Fig.5 bis 13 veranschaulichen einige Varianten in der Ausgestaltung der Zyklonabscheider.5 to 13 illustrate some variants in the design of the cyclone separator.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig.5 ist der Zyklon, abscheider 1 mit zwei Auslässen 4, 4' für Feststoff versehen. Diese beiden Auslässe 4, 4' können beispielsweise an diametral einander gegenüberliegenden Umfangsstellen der zur vorangehenden Stufe führenden Verbindungsleitung (vorzugsweise auf gleicher Höhe) angeordnet werden.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, the cyclone is separator 1 with two outlets 4, 4 'for solid matter Mistake. These two outlets 4, 4 'can be arranged, for example, at diametrically opposite circumferential points of the connecting line leading to the preceding stage (preferably at the same height).

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig.6 ist im Bereich des an das Tauchrohr 5 angeschlossenen Krümmers 6 ein zusätzlicher Feststoffauslaß 4' vorgesehen, durch den in dieser Umlenkzone aus dem Gasstrom ausfallendes Gut ausgetragen wird. Dieser zusätzliche Feststoffauslaß 4' wird zweckmäßig an einen in Gasströmungsrichtung vorhergehenden Anlagenteil des Wärmetauschers angeschlossen, etwa an die zur selben Stufe oder zu einer vorhergehenden Stufe des Wärmetauschers führende Gasleitung, an die Calciniereinrichtung 12 (vgl. Fig.4) oder an den Einlauf eines dem Wärmetauscher vorgeschalteten Drehrohrofens.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, an additional solids outlet 4 'is provided in the area of the manifold 6 connected to the dip tube 5, through which material dropping out of the gas stream is discharged in this deflection zone. This additional solids outlet 4 'is expediently connected to a previous part of the heat exchanger in the gas flow direction, for example to the gas line leading to the same stage or to a previous stage of the heat exchanger, to the calcining device 12 (see FIG. 4) or to the inlet of one of the Heat exchanger upstream rotary kiln.

Ein derartiger zusätzlicher Feststoff-Auslaß 4' wird vorzugsweise im Bereich der Krümmer 6 der beiden in Gasströmungsrichtung ersten Stufen des Wärmetauschers (d. h. im Anschluß an die Zyklonabscheider 1 und la genäß den Fig.3 und 4) angeschlossen. Auf diese Weise läßt sich der Abscheidegrad dieser Zyklonstufen verbessern, und es können auch eingetragene Ansätze beseitigt werden.Such an additional solids outlet 4 'is preferably connected in the area of the manifold 6 of the two first stages of the heat exchanger in the gas flow direction (i.e. following the cyclone separator 1 and la according to FIGS. 3 and 4). In this way, the degree of separation of these cyclone stages can be improved, and also registered approaches can be eliminated.

Die Weiterförderung des durch einen solchen zusätzlichen Feststoff-Auslaß ausgetragenen Gutes kann über eine Schurre, eine pneumatische oder mechanische Fördereinrichtung erfolgen.The material conveyed through such an additional solids outlet can be conveyed further via a chute, a pneumatic or mechanical conveying device.

Vorteilhaft kann es weiterhin sein, die Krümmer 6 aller oder einzelner Stufen des Wärmetauschers mit einem belüfteten Boden zu versehen. Auch diese Maßnahme wirkt Ablagerungen im unteren Krümmerbereich entgegen.It can also be advantageous to provide the manifolds 6 of all or individual stages of the heat exchanger with a ventilated floor. This measure also counteracts deposits in the lower manifold area.

Fig.7 zeigt eine Variante, bei der der Zyklonabscheider 1 außer dem nach unten geführten Tauchrohr 5 noch ein weiteres, durch das Oberteil 2 des Abscheiders nach außen geführtes Tauchrohr 5' aufweist, das über eine Verbindungsleitung 17 in den zum Zyklonabscheider der nächsten Stufe führenden Krümmer 6 einmündet. Ein derartiger Zyklonabscheider zeichnet sich durch einen besonders geringen Druckverlust aus. Die Einmündung eines Teiles der Gasströmung in den Krümmer 6 wirkt außerdem Ablagerungen und Ansatzbildungen in diesem Bereich entgegen.7 shows a variant in which the cyclone separator 1 has, in addition to the immersion tube 5 guided downwards, a further immersion tube 5 'which is guided outwards through the upper part 2 of the separator and which leads via a connecting line 17 into the cyclone separator of the next stage Manifold 6 opens. Such a cyclone separator is characterized by a particularly low pressure drop. The confluence of part of the gas flow in the manifold 6 also counteracts deposits and deposits in this area.

Die Vereinigung der beiden über die Tauchrohre 5 und 5' abgezogenen Gasströme erfolgt zweckmäßig an einer Stelle (beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig.7 im Bereich des Krümmers 6), an der das in einem folgenden Zyklonabscheider abgeschiedene Gut noch nicht wieder in den Gasstrom eingeführt ist (wie die Fig.3 und 4 erkennnen lassen, wird dieses in einem folgenden Abscheider abgeschiedene Gut erst in die an den Krümmer 6 anschließende Verbindungsleitung - zweckmäßig allerdings in deren untersten Bereich - eingetragen).The combination of the two gas streams drawn off via the immersion tubes 5 and 5 'expediently takes place at a point (in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7 in the area of the elbow 6) at which the material separated in a subsequent cyclone separator has not yet been reintroduced into the gas stream ( As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, this material separated in a subsequent separator is first introduced into the connecting line adjoining the manifold 6 - however expediently in its lowest area.

Die Fig.8 und 9 zeigen verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Halterung des mehrstufigen Wärmetauschers.Figures 8 and 9 show different options for holding the multi-stage heat exchanger.

Sind die Zyklonabscheider und ihre Verbindungsleitungen in Form einer selbsttragenden Konstruktion ausgefuhrt, so können die Aufstellungsebenen 18 oder 19 gewählt werden. Ist die Konstruktion nicht selbsttragend ausgebildet, so wird eine Aufstellungsebene 20 gewählt, auf der sich die Zyklonabscheider mit ihrem zylindrischen Oberteil abstützen.If the cyclone separators and their connecting lines are designed in the form of a self-supporting construction, the installation levels 18 or 19 can be selected will. If the construction is not self-supporting, an installation level 20 is selected on which the cyclone separators are supported with their cylindrical upper part.

Fig.9 veranschaulicht eine hängende Anordnung der Zyklonabscheider unter Verwendung eines Traggerüstes 21.9 illustrates a hanging arrangement of the cyclone separators using a support frame 21.

Das Tauchrohr 5 und die Wirbelstütze 9 (vgl. Fig.1) können zentrisch im zylindrischen Oberteil 2 des Zyklonabscheiders 1 angeordnet sein, wie dies Fig.10 zeigt. Möglich ist jedoch auch eine exzentrische Anordnung von Tauchrohr 5 und Wirbelstütze 9, wie dies schematisch in Fig.11 dargestellt ist.The dip tube 5 and the vortex support 9 (see FIG. 1) can be arranged centrally in the cylindrical upper part 2 of the cyclone separator 1, as shown in FIG. However, an eccentric arrangement of dip tube 5 and vertebral support 9 is also possible, as is shown schematically in FIG. 11.

Die Oberkante des Tauchrohres 5 kann entweder scharfkantig ausgebildet sein (Fig.12) oder abgerundet (Fig.13).The upper edge of the dip tube 5 can either be sharp-edged (Fig. 12) or rounded (Fig. 13).

In den Gutleitungen, die an die Feststoff-Auslässe 4 anschließen, können erforderlichenfalls Luftabschlußorgane (z.B. Pendelklappen) vorgesehen werden.If necessary, air shut-off devices (e.g. pendulum flaps) can be provided in the good lines that connect to the solids outlets 4.

Das Verhältnis von Höhe zu Breite des Eintrittsquerschnittes 7' (vgl. Fig.10 und 11) des tangentialen Einlasses 7 des Zyklonabscheiders 1 ist erfindungsgemäß größer als 2 : 1. Auf diese Weise ist das eintretende Feststoff-Gasgemisch auf die Wand des zylindrischen Oberteiles 2 des Zyklonabscheiders gerichtet. Die Suspension wird hierbei in Rotation versetzt und eine wirksame Trennung von Gas und Feststoff erreicht.According to the invention, the ratio of the height to the width of the inlet cross-section 7 '(see FIGS. 10 and 11) of the tangential inlet 7 of the cyclone separator 1 is greater than 2: 1. In this way, the solid-gas mixture entering the wall of the cylindrical upper part 2 of the cyclone separator. The suspension is set in rotation and an effective separation of gas and solid is achieved.

Als besonders zweckmäßig haben sich folgende Kennwerte der Zyklonabscheider erwiesen:

  • a) der Abstand der Oberkante des Tauchrohres von der Decke des Zyklonabscheiders liegt zwischen dem 0,8- und 1,2-fachen Wert des lichten Durchmessers des zylindrischen Oberteiles;
  • b) mit Ausnahme der letzten Stufe des Wärmetauschers liegt der Durchmesser des Tauchrohres der Zyklonabscheider zwischen dem 0,5- und 0,7-fachen Wert des lichten Durchmessers des zylindrischen Oberteiles, während der Durchmesser des Tauchrohres der als Entstaubungsstufe wirksamen letzten Stufe des Wärmetauschers kleiner als der 0,6-fache Wert des lichten Durchmessers des zylindrischen Oberteiles ist;
  • c) die Breite des Eintrittsquerschnitts ist größer als die halbe Differenz zwischen dem lichten Durchmesser des zylindrischen Oberteiles und dem lichten Durchmesser des Tauchrohres;
  • d) von der in Gasströmungsrichtung zweiten Stufe an ist die Länge der Feststoff-Auslaßleitungen kleiner als der halbe lichte Durchmesser des zylindrischen Oberteiles.
The following characteristic values of the cyclone separators have proven to be particularly useful:
  • a) the distance of the upper edge of the immersion tube from the ceiling of the cyclone separator is between 0.8 and 1.2 times the clear diameter of the cylindrical upper part;
  • b) With the exception of the last stage of the heat exchanger, the diameter of the dip tube of the cyclone separator is between 0.5 and 0.7 times the clear diameter of the cylindrical upper part, while the diameter of the dip tube of the last stage of the heat exchanger, which is effective as a dedusting stage, is smaller than is 0.6 times the clear diameter of the cylindrical top;
  • c) the width of the inlet cross section is greater than half the difference between the inside diameter of the cylindrical upper part and the inside diameter of the dip tube;
  • d) from the second stage in the gas flow direction, the length of the solid outlet lines is less than half the clear diameter of the cylindrical upper part.

Claims (8)

  1. Multi-stage heat exchanger for heat exchange between a gas stream and a fine-grained solid material, comprising a plurality of cyclone separators (1 to 1e) which each have a cylindrical upper part (2) with a tangential inlet (7) for a solids/gas mixture, a lower part (3) with at least one outlet (4) for the solid matter precipitated out of the solids/gas mixture and a pipe (5) which opens in the cylindrical upper part for extracting the gas, wherein the pipe of the cyclone separator (e.g. 1) of one stage is connected by way of an elbow (6) to a connecting pipe leading to the tangential inlet of the cyclone separator (e.g. 1a) of the next stage in the gas flow direction and the solids outlet (e.g. 4a) of the cyclone separator (e.g. 1a) of one stage is connected to connecting pipe (8) leading to the tangential inlet (7) of the preceding stage in the gas flow direction, the cyclone separators of at least all of the stages following the first stage in the gas flow direction being disposed at approximately the same height, characterised in that
    - the pipe (5) of the cyclone separator is constructed as a dip tube (5) and is guided outwards through the lower part (3) of the cyclone separator, and
    - the ratio of height to width of the inlet cross-section (7') of the tangential inlet of the cyclone separators is greater than 2 : 1, so that the incoming solids/gas mixture is directed onto the wall of the cylindrical upper part (2) of the cyclone separators.
  2. Heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the cyclone separators have a vortex support (9) which protrudes from their cover (10) into the cylindrical upper part (2).
  3. Heat exchanger as claimed in Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the dip tube (5) and/or the vortex support (9) are disposed centrally in the cyclone separator.
  4. Heat exchanger as claimed in Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the dip tube (5) and/or the vortex support (9) are disposed eccentrically in the cyclone separator.
  5. Heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that in the region of at least one elbow (6), preferably in the region of the elbows of the two first stages of the heat exchanger in the gas flow direction, there is provided an additional solids outlet (4') which is connected to a component of the heat exchanger which precedes it in the gas flow direction, to the inlet of a rotary kiln connected upstream of the heat exchanger or to a calcining arrangement (12) provided between the rotary kiln and the heat exchanger.
  6. Heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the elbows (6) are provided with an aerated base.
  7. Heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that at least some cyclone separators have a further dip tube (5') which is guided outwards through the upper part (2) of the separator and is connected by way of a connecting pipe (17) to the elbow (6) leading to the cyclone separator of the next stage.
  8. Heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 1, characterised by the following characteristic values:
    a) the distance of the upper edge of the dip tube from the cover of the cyclone separator lies between 0.8 and 1.2 times the value of the internal diameter of the cylindrical upper part;
    b) with the exception of the last stage of the heat exchanger, the diameter of the dip tube of the cyclone separators lies between 0.5 and 0.7 times the value of the internal diameter of the cylindrical upper part, whilst the diameter of the dip tube of the last stage of the heat exchanger which acts as dust extraction stage is less than 0.6 times the value of the internal diameter of the cylindrical upper part;
    c) the width of the inlet cross-section is greater than half the difference between the internal diameter of the cylindrical upper part and the internal diameter of the dip tube;
    d) from the second stage in the gas flow direction the length of the solids outlet pipes is less than half the internal diameter of the cylindrical upper part.
EP19930110554 1992-07-09 1993-07-01 Heat exchanger using cyclones with a bottom exhaust gases tube Expired - Lifetime EP0578140B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924222593 DE4222593A1 (en) 1992-07-09 1992-07-09 Heat exchanger with cyclones with immersion tube led downwards
DE4222593 1992-07-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0578140A1 EP0578140A1 (en) 1994-01-12
EP0578140B1 true EP0578140B1 (en) 1996-10-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930110554 Expired - Lifetime EP0578140B1 (en) 1992-07-09 1993-07-01 Heat exchanger using cyclones with a bottom exhaust gases tube

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0578140B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4222593A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0578140T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2092731T3 (en)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE883555C (en) * 1950-06-02 1953-07-20 Heinzjosef Junkmann Centrifugal dust collector
US2866272A (en) * 1954-09-28 1958-12-30 Smidth & Co As F L Cyclone heat exchange apparatus
US3116054A (en) * 1960-07-26 1963-12-31 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Heating arrangement
FR1418655A (en) * 1963-12-23 1965-11-19 Smidth & Co As F L Firing alkali-free cement in cyclones and rotary kilns
FR1527044A (en) * 1967-04-11 1968-05-31 Fives Lille Cail Installation for the thermal treatment of mineral materials, in particular for the manufacture of cement
US4477339A (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-10-16 Whaley John P Cyclone classifier
DE3339063A1 (en) * 1983-10-28 1985-05-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Centrifugal separator
DE3817355A1 (en) * 1988-05-20 1989-11-30 Krupp Polysius Ag FLOATING GAS HEAT EXCHANGER
FR2662618B1 (en) * 1990-06-05 1993-01-29 Inst Francais Du Petrole CO-CURRENT CYCLONIC SEPARATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2092731T3 (en) 1996-12-01
DK0578140T3 (en) 1997-03-24
DE4222593A1 (en) 1994-01-13
DE59304168D1 (en) 1996-11-21
EP0578140A1 (en) 1994-01-12

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