EP0573327B1 - Prefabricated, fluid-tight and heat-insulating wall structure for vessels for cryogenic fluids - Google Patents

Prefabricated, fluid-tight and heat-insulating wall structure for vessels for cryogenic fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0573327B1
EP0573327B1 EP93401304A EP93401304A EP0573327B1 EP 0573327 B1 EP0573327 B1 EP 0573327B1 EP 93401304 A EP93401304 A EP 93401304A EP 93401304 A EP93401304 A EP 93401304A EP 0573327 B1 EP0573327 B1 EP 0573327B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
external
layer
fluid
tight
joint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93401304A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0573327A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Michel Chauvin
Jean Maurice Claude
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technigaz
Nouvelle Technigaz SA
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Technigaz
Nouvelle Technigaz SA
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Publication of EP0573327A1 publication Critical patent/EP0573327A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/012—Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0184—Attachments to the ground, e.g. mooring or anchoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/036—Avoiding leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated structure allowing waterproof and thermally insulating walls for a thermally insulated containment, such as a tank tight storage and / or transport of a fluid at very low temperature, such as a liquefied gas or a liquid cryogenic.
  • This insulation system includes at least two layers of insulating and waterproof material such as plastic foam closed cells, formed by juxtaposition of prefabricated plates.
  • the two layers of insulation are sandwiched in pairs load distribution panels inside the structure, by example in plywood.
  • a panel attached to the partition external is glued to a layer of insulation called “external”, while the other panel which is integral with the internal barrier is glued to a another so-called “internal” layer.
  • buffers made in the same type of material as the insulation plates are arranged in the joints between the juxtaposed plates of the outer layer and then are respectively covered with a hermetically glued strip on the outer layer and generally comprising a central sheet waterproof aluminum and two layers of fiberglass fabric.
  • the aim of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks, by proposing a simple and economical structure in which the insulation layers are continuous and therefore perfectly waterproof.
  • the invention relates to a prefabricated structure of forming waterproof and thermally insulating walls for realization of a thermally insulated enclosure for confining a fluid with very low temperature such as a liquefied gas, and of the type comprising a substantially flexible internal or primary waterproof barrier which is integral with a so-called internal distribution panel, an external partition rigid forming a support for the structure and of which another is integral so-called external panel and two intermediate layers of insulation thermal sandwiched between the distribution panels and say internal and external respectively, each layer which is produced by juxtaposition of insulating plates of waterproof material such as by example closed cell plastic foam, defines joints between the plates arranged respectively opposite a plate of the other layer, each joint of the outer insulation layer being covered by a strip glued between the two layers of insulation, characterized in that the external distribution panels are fixed to the outer layer, in particular by screws or the like, arranged in look of holes formed in the outer layer at a distance from the joints, and a sealed connection made of insulating material fills and adheres hermetically at each
  • the strip of covering consists of a continuous reinforcement sheet of fiberglass or the like, which extends over a surface substantially higher than that of the juxtaposed plate of the insulation layer internal, next to the joint to be covered and preferably over the entire surface of the corresponding wall formed by the structure.
  • At least one of the connections aforementioned is an insert of shape corresponding to that of the joint or hole to be filled, including at least the peripheral surface outer is coated with an adhesive material, preferably foaming.
  • connection is consisting of two elements that are substantially symmetrical with respect to a median assembly plane, and whose internal assembly surfaces in opposite are coated with adhesive material.
  • the invention is also characterized in that at least one of the aforementioned fittings is formed in situ by pressure injection of the aforementioned waterproof insulation plastic inside the hole or the join to be completed.
  • the material forming the aforementioned fittings is injected by through a tool resting against the surface of the layer external insulation opposite to the external partition, and fixed to the latter next to the opening of the hole or the joint to be filled.
  • a pad made of waterproof material on which adheres hermetically the aforementioned connection of a joint is interposed between the reinforcement panel and the external partition.
  • a flexible connector is interposed between the insulating material plates which constitute the inner layer of insulation and adheres to them.
  • structure 1 which makes it possible to form watertight walls and thermally insulating for the realization of an enclosure of containment or tank, for example to store and / or transport a fluid at very low temperature.
  • structure 1 is a tank constituted by an assembly sealed and insulated walls, in which a cryogenic liquid such as a very cold liquefied gas, such as methane in particular, can to be stored.
  • Structure 1 includes a sealed internal envelope capable of containing the fluid to be stored, which is composed by assembling elements prefabricated jointly forming for each wall of the structure 1, an internal or primary waterproof barrier 2.
  • the barrier primary 2 is formed by thin metal elements such as sheet steel stainless or aluminum.
  • the reference numeral 2a designates ribs projecting parallel to the connections 2b between the different elements of the barrier 2, which allow the envelope constituted by this barrier to be substantially flexible, in order to be able to deform under the effect of the stresses, in particular thermal generated by the fluid stored therein.
  • a rigid external partition 3 of the structure 1 acts as a support for the latter.
  • this partition 3 is a self-supporting sheet metal of a ship's hold or double-hold merchant, such as an LNG carrier.
  • other types of partitions rigid with suitable mechanical properties such as including a concrete wall in a land construction, can be used as an external support wall for the structure 1.
  • a thermal insulation system generally designated as 4 is provided between the primary barrier 2 and the external partition 3.
  • the insulation or insulation system 4 of the structure 1 comprises in particular an internal insulation layer 42 to which the primary barrier 2, as well as an external insulation layer 43 secured of the external support partition 3.
  • the external and internal layers 42, 43 are produced from a waterproof thermal insulation material.
  • a waterproof thermal insulation material e.g., a thermoplastic material
  • closed-cell plastic or synthetic foam e.g., a foam closed cells based on polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride in particular may be perfectly suitable for the realization of these insulation layers 42.43.
  • FIG. 1 it can be seen that the two insulation layers 42, 43 are sandwiched or sandwiched between two distribution panels efforts 52 and 53.
  • These panels 52, 53 respectively internal and external, are for example made from assembled wooden elements plywood or laminated.
  • Internal and external panels 52 and 53 allow to distribute almost uniformly in the structure and in particular the insulation system 4, the forces for example linked to deformations of the external partition 3 and of the envelope defined by the internal barrier 2.
  • the panel 52 is supported, and preferably glued to the top surface (i.e. closest to the barrier 2) of the insulation layer 42, while the external panel 53 is in abutment, and preferably glued to the lower surface (namely facing the partition 3) of the insulation layer 43.
  • each layer of insulation 42, 43 is formed by juxtaposition of insulating plates of material waterproof, designated in 42a or 43a, respectively, and whose shape is generally rectangular prismatic. It goes without saying that in corner or edge parts of the structure 1, the insulating plates 42a or 43a can be bevelled at an angle appropriate to that which is formed by structure 1 at this edge, in order to form the largest possible joins. In addition, the plates 42a, 43a will be prefabricated with standard dimensions, which obviously may be modified by cutting according to the shape of the structure to be produced.
  • the insulating plates 42a, 43a are arranged end-to-end so as to define in each layer 42,43 generally linear joins 62, 63 respectively.
  • These joints 62, 63 generally extend in a direction plane perpendicular to the median plane of panels 52, 53, over at least the entire thickness of the insulation layer corresponding 42, 43.
  • Each of the joints 63 formed in the outer layer is covered by a strip 70 which is interposed and glued between the two layers of insulating foam 42 and 43 and comes to the right of a plate 42a of the internal layer 42.
  • the distribution panels 53 are fixed to the external partition 3, in particular by visible screws or the like 35, in Figure 5.
  • These screws 35 shown in the other figures only by their longitudinal axis, are arranged opposite holes 435, themselves formed in the outer insulation layer 43, away from the joints 63 between the different juxtaposed plates 43a constituting this layer.
  • each of the joints 63 and all the holes 435 in question are filled by a fitting 80 in thermal material insulating and waterproof.
  • These insulating and waterproof fittings 80 may in particular be made of the same material or of a material similar to that of insulation layers 42 and 43, for example in ethyl acetate vinyl.
  • all the fittings 80 arranged in the joints 63 and in the holes 435 of the layer 43 are glued to adhere tightly to the walls of hole 435 or joint 63 corresponding, in order to make the outer layer 43 continuous and waterproof over the entire surface defined by structure 1.
  • the secondary seal is obtained by hermetically joining the plates 43a and fittings 80, so that the prefabricated layer of external insulation 43 forms, after assembly and bonding, a secondary barrier continuous and therefore perfectly waterproof.
  • the joints 62 between the plates 42a of the insulation layer internal will preferably also be hermetically sealed with flexible joints (possibly glued) in liquid mastic cured by example.
  • the secondary barrier is constituted by all of the insulation system 4.
  • each cover strip 70 will reinforce effectively the cohesion between the joint fittings 80 and the plates insulation 42a, 43a.
  • each strip of overlap 70 should extend far beyond the surface of the outer layer 43 where the holes 435 and the joint 63 are formed at cover.
  • each reinforcement strip 70 it is substantially equal to that of the corresponding external plate 42a. It is interesting if the assembly imperatives of the elements prefabricated structures 1 allow, to fully cover the outer layer of insulation 43 with a reinforcing fabric on which the reinforcing strips 70 can be glued.
  • the fittings 80 provided to fill the holes 435 as well as the joints 63 illustrated are made up of inserts of a shape corresponding to that of orifices (63,435) to be filled in layer 43. More specifically, the fitting intended to be housed in the direction of arrow F1 in the joint 63 and designated at 83, is a tight flat seal.
  • This fitting in flat joint shape 83 has a length in the direction of the arrow F1 which is substantially equal to the thickness of the assembly constituted by layer 43 and panels 53.
  • a pad 33 preferably made in a waterproof flexible plastic foam is interposed between the panels 53 arranged on either side of the joint 63, and the external partition 3.
  • This buffer 33 whose section along a perpendicular transverse plane in the median plane P of the joint 63 is trapezoidal, rests by one of its parallel faces with the smallest surface, against the face internal of the partition 3.
  • the longitudinal edges of its face most important parallel are respectively pressed against the face external facing the partition 3 of one of the panels 53 contiguous to the joint 63.
  • This tightening of the pads 33 allows to obtain a sealed contact between the latter and panels 53.
  • the tightness of this contact could be further improved by applying a hermetic adhesive between the lateral edges of each pad 33 and the corresponding panels 53.
  • These pads 34 are glued on the one hand to the external partition 3 and on the other hand to one of the panels 53.
  • each fitting 80 is coated a suitable layer of glue, preferably foaming glue.
  • glue preferably foaming glue.
  • each element will be symmetrical to the other following a plan confused with the (or one) of the median planes of port 63 or 435 to be filled using this fitting in several elements.
  • the fitting 83 could be formed by assembly of two symmetrical elements with respect to the median plane P. The faces of these elements constituting the fitting 83 which extend along the plane P are coated with a suitable adhesive, preferably foaming, and assembled just before mounting and bonding the fitting thus formed in join 63.
  • shims will generally include from right to left in Figure 1, for example a metal part, a sealant connection and a block of plywood or laminated wood.
  • the base of fitting 80 corresponding is obviously stuck tightly on this set of wedges 36.
  • an empty space 56 is provided in the joint 63 between the insulation layer 43 and the metal shim 36 located on the side opposite the corner defined by structure 1.
  • fittings 85 shown in Figure 5 and provided to fill the holes 435 are in shape of cylindrical studs or logs of a shape corresponding to that of each hole. Their end faces facing the panel corresponding 53 are hollowed out at their center, so that the screw 35 protruding into this hole 435 can be housed there. However, nearby from the periphery of the log forming a connection 85, a surface is provided end ring which can be brought into contact with the panel 53 constituting the bottom of hole 435, and be hermetically glued to it panel around the screw 35. Similarly, the cylindrical walls of the fitting 85 are coated with suitable adhesive, preferably foaming, so that the latter forms after taking the glue a single piece waterproof with the insulating plate 43a inside which it comes to house.
  • the insert 85 can also be obtained by assembling and gluing two elements, for example in polyurethane foam with cells closed.
  • the fitting filling the joint 63 between the two juxtaposed insulation plates 43a is obtained in situ. More specially, the bottom of the joint 63 is hermetically sealed by a buffer 33 generally identical to that which has been described above.
  • An injection tool 100 is fixed on the insulation system 4, so to seal the through part of joint 63.
  • the injection tool 100 is composed by a plate 103 capable of coming hermetically in pressing against the upper face of the insulation layer 43 in covering the joint 63, and by at least two extension studs 135 provided to be fixed on the screws 35.
  • the plate 103 of the tool 100 can be sealed against the outer layer of insulation 43, so that the interior space defined by the joint 63 is hermetically sealed.
  • the plate 103 of the tool 100 comprises an injection mouth 160 associated with at least one vent which allows communication inside the joint 63 and a S source of insulating and waterproof plastic material which can expand, such as preferably closed cell polyurethane.
  • the plastic material of the source S is injected under a appropriate pressure in the space defined by joint 63, in order to fill this one completely.
  • the expandable material injected designated here in 84 is dried and adheres hermetically to the walls of the joint 63 and of the pad 33, a connection 80 was obtained.
  • the material 84 of the fitting 80 and the two plates of insulating material 43a juxtaposed to the connection 63 corresponding form only one continuous piece, and by Consequently, in no case can a fluid pass.
  • the holes 435 provided for access to the assembly or fixing screws 35 can also be filled by injection of an expandable waterproof material such as that designated in 84.
  • the material 84 can fill the joint 63 up to the flower of the outer insulation layer 43, so that the plates 43a will connected continuously by the fitting 80 thus produced, and that it will be easy applying a reinforcing strip 70 to a surface thus formed.
  • the load distribution panel 52 is replaced by a metal angle.
  • the metal angle consists of metal elements 52a stainless such as treated steel or aluminum, which are juxtaposed and assembled using screws 45 (figure 1) which are fixed in the material plates 42a constituting the internal insulation layer 42 of the system 4.
  • a flexible seal 62a such as that described with reference to the Figure 1, can be interposed between the elements 42a so as to adhere to these.
  • FIG. 2 Similar to the prefabricated structure 1 of FIG. 3 which forms a corner wall, there is shown in Figure 2 a planar structure 1 consisting of prefabricated elements assembled in accordance with the invention.
  • the panel 52 is consisting of elements fixed to the corresponding insulation plates 42a by collage. Inserts may be provided on such a panel 52 metal fittings 142 for fixing tools in particular. Strips in stainless steel 166 which extend transversely to each of the elements of the panel 52 are respectively crimped in housings suitable arranged in alignment and formed in the elements which constitute by juxtaposition this panel.
  • layer 70 no longer has than a mechanical function, it is no longer necessary to provide a sheet waterproof metallic sandwiched at the bands and cover sheet.
  • the invention significantly reduces the manufacturing costs of tanks for cryogenic liquids in e.g. ships commercial, while guaranteeing a quality of insulation and sealing greater than that which could be obtained in the prior art. the displacement of the secondary seal makes it possible to use a less expensive steel grade for the external support partition.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à une structure préfabriquée permettant de réaliser des parois étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour une enceinte de confinement calorifugée, telle qu'un réservoir étanche d'emmagasinage et/ou de transport d'un fluide à très basse température, comme par exemple un gaz liquéfié ou un liquide cryogénique.The present invention relates to a prefabricated structure allowing waterproof and thermally insulating walls for a thermally insulated containment, such as a tank tight storage and / or transport of a fluid at very low temperature, such as a liquefied gas or a liquid cryogenic.

On a déjà décrit, notamment dans le document FR-A-2 599 468 au nom de la demanderesse, une structure constituée par des éléments préfabriqués assemblés de façon à obtenir une enceinte calorifugée hermétique pouvant contenir par exemple du méthane liquéfié. Cette structure de l'art antérieur peut être montée dans la cale ou double-cale d'un navire marchand, dont les cloisons rigides auto-portantes forment un support externe pour les autres éléments de la structure. Une barrière étanche interne ou primaire, qui définit une cuve hermétique sensiblement déformable et prévue pour contenir le fluide, est assemblée à partir d'éléments généralement en métal à l'intérieur de l'espace défini par les cloisons externes du support. Un système d'isolation thermique est interposé entre les cloisons externes et la barrière primaire. Ce système d'isolation comprend au moins deux couches en matière isolante et étanche telle que mousse plastique à cellules fermées, formées par juxtaposition de plaques préfabriquées. Les deux couches d'isolation sont prises en sandwich par deux panneaux de répartition des efforts à l'intérieur de la structure, par exemple en bois contre-plaqué. Un panneau solidaire de la cloison externe est collé à une couche d'isolation dite "externe", tandis que l'autre panneau qui est solidaire de la barrière interne est collé à une autre couche dite "interne". Pour maintenir l'étanchéité de la structure en cas de fissuration de la barrière primaire, des tampons réalisés dans le même type de matériau que les plaques d'isolation sont disposés dans les jointures entre les plaques juxtaposées de la couche externe puis sont respectivement recouverts avec une bande collée hermétiquement sur la couche externe et comprenant généralement une feuille centrale en aluminium étanche ainsi que deux couches de tissu en fibre de verre. We have already described, in particular in document FR-A-2 599 468 at name of the applicant, a structure made up of elements prefabricated assembled so as to obtain a heat-insulated enclosure hermetic which may contain for example liquefied methane. This structure of the prior art can be mounted in the hold or double hold of a merchant ship, whose rigid self-supporting partitions form external support for the other elements of the structure. A barrier waterproof internal or primary, which defines an airtight tank substantially deformable and designed to contain the fluid, is assembled from generally metal elements inside the space defined by the external partitions of the support. A system of thermal insulation is interposed between the external partitions and the primary barrier. This insulation system includes at least two layers of insulating and waterproof material such as plastic foam closed cells, formed by juxtaposition of prefabricated plates. The two layers of insulation are sandwiched in pairs load distribution panels inside the structure, by example in plywood. A panel attached to the partition external is glued to a layer of insulation called "external", while the other panel which is integral with the internal barrier is glued to a another so-called "internal" layer. To maintain the tightness of the structure in case of cracking of the primary barrier, buffers made in the same type of material as the insulation plates are arranged in the joints between the juxtaposed plates of the outer layer and then are respectively covered with a hermetically glued strip on the outer layer and generally comprising a central sheet waterproof aluminum and two layers of fiberglass fabric.

Toutefois, dans les structures connues au niveau des jointures, seule la bande de recouvrement assure l'étanchéité entre les couches d'isolation interne et externe. De fait, en cas de fuite à travers la barrière primaire, toute l'étanchéité repose sur cette bande, ce qui risque de générer un refroidissement si l'une de ces bandes de recouvrement venait à ne plus être hermétique.However, in the known structures at the joints, only the cover strip provides sealing between the insulation layers internal and external. In fact, in the event of a leak through the primary barrier, the entire seal rests on this strip, which risks generating a cooling if one of these cover strips is no longer be airtight.

En outre, étant donné que dans les structures connues les panneaux de répartition des efforts sont constitués par des éléments assemblés à l'aide de vis ou analogues débouchant dans les jointures de la couche externe d'isolation, on concentre sur les jointures les risques de perte d'étanchéité.In addition, since in known structures the panels of distribution of the forces are constituted by elements assembled to using screws or the like opening into the layer joints external insulation, the risk of loss is concentrated on the joints sealing.

Aussi, la présente invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients ci-dessus, en proposant une structure simple et économique dans laquelle les couches d'isolation sont continues et donc parfaitement étanches.Also, the aim of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks, by proposing a simple and economical structure in which the insulation layers are continuous and therefore perfectly waterproof.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une structure préfabriquée de formation de parois étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour la réalisation d'une enceinte calorifugée de confinement d'un fluide à très basse température tel qu'un gaz liquéfié, et du type comprenant une barrière étanche interne ou primaire sensiblement flexible dont est solidaire un panneau de répartition dit interne, une cloison externe rigide formant support pour la structure et dont est solidaire un autre panneau dit externe ainsi que deux couches intermédiaires d'isolation thermique prises en sandwich entre les panneaux de répartition et respectivement dites interne et externe, chaque couche qui est réalisée par juxtaposition de plaques isolantes en matière étanche comme par exemple une mousse plastique à cellules fermées, définit des jointures entre les plaques disposées respectivement en regard d'une plaque de l'autre couche, chaque jointure de la couche d'isolation externe étant recouverte par une bande collée entre les deux couches d'isolation, caractérisée en ce que les panneaux de répartition externes sont fixés à la couche externe notamment par des vis ou analogues, disposées en regard de trous formés dans la couche externe à distance des jointures, et un raccord étanche en matière isolante remplit et adhère hermétiquement à chacun de ces trous et jointures, pour que la couche d'isolation externe soit continue et étanche sur toute la surface formée par la structure.To this end, the invention relates to a prefabricated structure of forming waterproof and thermally insulating walls for realization of a thermally insulated enclosure for confining a fluid with very low temperature such as a liquefied gas, and of the type comprising a substantially flexible internal or primary waterproof barrier which is integral with a so-called internal distribution panel, an external partition rigid forming a support for the structure and of which another is integral so-called external panel and two intermediate layers of insulation thermal sandwiched between the distribution panels and say internal and external respectively, each layer which is produced by juxtaposition of insulating plates of waterproof material such as by example closed cell plastic foam, defines joints between the plates arranged respectively opposite a plate of the other layer, each joint of the outer insulation layer being covered by a strip glued between the two layers of insulation, characterized in that the external distribution panels are fixed to the outer layer, in particular by screws or the like, arranged in look of holes formed in the outer layer at a distance from the joints, and a sealed connection made of insulating material fills and adheres hermetically at each of these holes and joints, so that the layer external insulation is continuous and waterproof over the entire surface formed by structure.

On comprend déjà que grâce à la couche externe d'isolation continue, l'étanchéité de la structure propre à l'invention peut être vérifiée très facilement et rapidement par rapport aux structures de l'art antérieur, par exemple par mesure de différentiels de pression.We already understand that thanks to the external continuous insulation layer, the tightness of the structure specific to the invention can be checked very easily and quickly compared to the structures of the prior art, for example by measuring pressure differentials.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la bande de recouvrement est constituée par une feuille de renforcement continue en fibre de verre ou analogue, qui s'étend sur une surface sensiblement supérieure à celle de la plaque juxtaposée de la couche d'isolation interne, en regard de la jointure à recouvrir et de préférence sur toute la surface de la paroi correspondante formée par la structure.According to another characteristic of the invention, the strip of covering consists of a continuous reinforcement sheet of fiberglass or the like, which extends over a surface substantially higher than that of the juxtaposed plate of the insulation layer internal, next to the joint to be covered and preferably over the entire surface of the corresponding wall formed by the structure.

Suivant encore une autre caractéristique, l'un au moins des raccords précités est une pièce rapportée de forme correspondant à celle de la jointure ou du trou à remplir, dont au moins la surface périphérique externe est enduite avec une matière adhésive, de préférence moussante.According to yet another characteristic, at least one of the connections aforementioned is an insert of shape corresponding to that of the joint or hole to be filled, including at least the peripheral surface outer is coated with an adhesive material, preferably foaming.

On précisera encore ici que l'un au moins des raccords précités est constitué par deux éléments sensiblement symétriques par rapport à un plan médian d'assemblage, et dont les surfaces internes d'assemblage en vis-à-vis sont enduites de matière adhésive.It will also be specified here that at least one of the aforementioned connections is consisting of two elements that are substantially symmetrical with respect to a median assembly plane, and whose internal assembly surfaces in opposite are coated with adhesive material.

L'invention se caractérise également en ce que l'un au moins des raccords précités est formé in situ par injection sous pression de la matière plastique d'isolation étanche précitée à l'intérieur du trou ou de la jointure à remplir.The invention is also characterized in that at least one of the aforementioned fittings is formed in situ by pressure injection of the aforementioned waterproof insulation plastic inside the hole or the join to be completed.

Par ailleurs, la matière formant les raccords précités est injectée par l'intermédiaire d'un outil en appui contre la surface de la couche externe d'isolation opposée à la cloison externe, et fixé à cette dernière en regard de l'ouverture du trou ou de la jointure à remplir. Furthermore, the material forming the aforementioned fittings is injected by through a tool resting against the surface of the layer external insulation opposite to the external partition, and fixed to the latter next to the opening of the hole or the joint to be filled.

En outre, les contraintes générées à l'intérieur ou entres les plaques juxtaposées de la couche d'isolation externe par les raccords précités en position définitive, ont une valeur négligeable.In addition, the stresses generated inside or between the plates juxtaposed with the outer insulation layer by the aforementioned connections in final position, have negligible value.

Selon une autre caractéristique, un tampon en matière étanche sur lequel adhère hermétiquement le raccord précité d'une jointure est interposé entre le panneau de renforcement et la cloison externes.According to another characteristic, a pad made of waterproof material on which adheres hermetically the aforementioned connection of a joint is interposed between the reinforcement panel and the external partition.

On notera également ici qu'un raccord souple est interposé entre les plaques de matériau isolant qui constituent la couche interne d'isolation et adhère à celles-ci.It will also be noted here that a flexible connector is interposed between the insulating material plates which constitute the inner layer of insulation and adheres to them.

Mais d'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront mieux de la description détaillée de modes de réalisation donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale et en éclaté d'une structure préfabriquée conforme à l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un panneau plat préfabriqué pour une structure conforme à l'invention;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un panneau d'angle préfabriqué pour une structure conforme à l'invention;
  • la figure 4 est une vue partielle en coupe transversale d'une jointure dans le système d'isolation d'une structure avec un raccord étanche injecté, suivant un mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 5 est une vue similaire à la figure 4, avec des raccords étanches rapportés et collés suivant un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.
    • However, other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of embodiments given solely by way of example, which follows and refers to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional and exploded view of a prefabricated structure according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a prefabricated flat panel for a structure according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a prefabricated corner panel for a structure according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a joint in the insulation system of a structure with an injected tight fitting, according to an embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, with waterproof fittings reported and glued according to another embodiment of the invention.

    • En se reportant notamment à la figure 1, on voit une structure préfabriquée 1 qui permet de former des parois étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour la réalisation d'une enceinte de confinement ou réservoir, par exemple pour emmagasiner et/ou transporter un fluide à très basse température. Ici, et ce seulement à titre d'exemple, la structure 1 est un réservoir constitué par un assemblage de parois étanches et calorifugées, dans lequel un liquide cryogénique tel qu'un gaz liquéfié très froid, comme notamment du méthane, peut être emmagasiné.Referring in particular to FIG. 1, we see a structure prefabricated 1 which makes it possible to form watertight walls and thermally insulating for the realization of an enclosure of containment or tank, for example to store and / or transport a fluid at very low temperature. Here, and only for for example, structure 1 is a tank constituted by an assembly sealed and insulated walls, in which a cryogenic liquid such as a very cold liquefied gas, such as methane in particular, can to be stored.

    La structure 1 comprend une enveloppe interne étanche apte à contenir le fluide à emmagasiner, qui se compose par assemblage d'éléments préfabriqués formant conjointement pour chaque paroi de la structure 1, une barrière étanche interne ou primaire 2. Sur la figure 1, la barrière primaire 2 est formée par des éléments fins en métal tel que tôle d'acier inoxydable ou d'aluminium. La référence numérique 2a désigne des nervures en saillie parallèlement aux raccords 2b entre les différents éléments de la barrière 2, qui permettent à l'enveloppe constituée par cette barrière d'être sensiblement flexible, afin de pouvoir se déformer sous l'effet des sollicitations, notamment thermiques générées par le fluide emmagasiné dans celle-ci.Structure 1 includes a sealed internal envelope capable of containing the fluid to be stored, which is composed by assembling elements prefabricated jointly forming for each wall of the structure 1, an internal or primary waterproof barrier 2. In FIG. 1, the barrier primary 2 is formed by thin metal elements such as sheet steel stainless or aluminum. The reference numeral 2a designates ribs projecting parallel to the connections 2b between the different elements of the barrier 2, which allow the envelope constituted by this barrier to be substantially flexible, in order to be able to deform under the effect of the stresses, in particular thermal generated by the fluid stored therein.

    Une cloison externe rigide 3 de la structure 1 fait office de support pour cette dernière. Suivant l'exemple illustré, cette cloison 3 est une tôle métallique auto-porteuse de cale ou de double-cale d'un navire marchand, tel que méthanier. Evidemment, d'autres types de cloisons rigides dont les propriétés mécaniques sont appropriées, comme notamment un mur en béton dans une construction à terre ferme, pourront être employées comme cloison externe de support de la structure 1.A rigid external partition 3 of the structure 1 acts as a support for the latter. According to the example illustrated, this partition 3 is a self-supporting sheet metal of a ship's hold or double-hold merchant, such as an LNG carrier. Obviously, other types of partitions rigid with suitable mechanical properties, such as including a concrete wall in a land construction, can be used as an external support wall for the structure 1.

    Par ailleurs, un système d'isolation thermique désigné généralement en 4 est prévu entre la barrière primaire 2 et la cloison externe 3. Le système d'isolation ou de calorifugeage 4 de la structure 1 comporte notamment une couche interne d'isolation 42 à laquelle est liée la barrière primaire 2, ainsi qu'une couche externe d'isolation 43 solidaire de la cloison externe de support 3.In addition, a thermal insulation system generally designated as 4 is provided between the primary barrier 2 and the external partition 3. The insulation or insulation system 4 of the structure 1 comprises in particular an internal insulation layer 42 to which the primary barrier 2, as well as an external insulation layer 43 secured of the external support partition 3.

    Les couches externe et interne 42, 43 sont réalisées à partir d'un matériau d'isolation thermique étanche. Avantageusement, on utilisera une mousse plastique ou synthétique à cellules fermées. Une mousse à cellules fermées à base de polyuréthane ou de polychlorure de vinyle notamment pourra parfaitement convenir pour la réalisation de ces couches d'isolation 42,43.The external and internal layers 42, 43 are produced from a waterproof thermal insulation material. Advantageously, we will use closed-cell plastic or synthetic foam. A foam closed cells based on polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride in particular may be perfectly suitable for the realization of these insulation layers 42.43.

    Sur la figure 1, on voit que les deux couches d'isolation 42, 43 sont prises en sandwich ou enserrées entre deux panneaux de répartition des efforts 52 et 53. Ces panneaux 52, 53 respectivement interne et externe, sont par exemple réalisés à partir d'éléments assemblés en bois contre-plaqué ou laminé. Les panneaux interne et externe 52 et 53 permettent de répartir à peu près uniformément dans la structure et notamment le système d'isolation 4, les efforts par exemple liés aux déformations de la cloison externe 3 et de l'enveloppe définie par la barrière interne 2. Pour ce faire, le panneau 52 est en appui, et de préférence collé sur la surface supérieure (c'est-à-dire la plus proche de la barrière 2) de la couche d'isolation 42, tandis que le panneau externe 53 est en appui ,et de préférence collé sur la surface inférieure (à savoir en regard avec la cloison 3) de la couche d'isolation 43.In FIG. 1, it can be seen that the two insulation layers 42, 43 are sandwiched or sandwiched between two distribution panels efforts 52 and 53. These panels 52, 53 respectively internal and external, are for example made from assembled wooden elements plywood or laminated. Internal and external panels 52 and 53 allow to distribute almost uniformly in the structure and in particular the insulation system 4, the forces for example linked to deformations of the external partition 3 and of the envelope defined by the internal barrier 2. To do this, the panel 52 is supported, and preferably glued to the top surface (i.e. closest to the barrier 2) of the insulation layer 42, while the external panel 53 is in abutment, and preferably glued to the lower surface (namely facing the partition 3) of the insulation layer 43.

    Puisque la structure 1 est préfabriquée, chaque couche d'isolation 42, 43 est constituée par juxtaposition de plaques isolantes en matière étanche, désignées en 42a ou 43a, respectivement, et dont la forme est généralement prismatique rectangulaire. Il va de soi que dans les parties en coin ou en arête de la structure 1, les plaques isolantes 42a ou 43a pourront être biseautées avec un angle approprié à celui qui est formé par la structure 1 au niveau de cette arête, afin de former des jointures les plus importantes possibles. De plus, les plaques 42a, 43a seront préfabriqués avec des dimensions standard, qui évidemment pourront être modifiées par découpage en fonction de la forme de la structure à réaliser. Since the structure 1 is prefabricated, each layer of insulation 42, 43 is formed by juxtaposition of insulating plates of material waterproof, designated in 42a or 43a, respectively, and whose shape is generally rectangular prismatic. It goes without saying that in corner or edge parts of the structure 1, the insulating plates 42a or 43a can be bevelled at an angle appropriate to that which is formed by structure 1 at this edge, in order to form the largest possible joins. In addition, the plates 42a, 43a will be prefabricated with standard dimensions, which obviously may be modified by cutting according to the shape of the structure to be produced.

    Les plaques isolantes 42a, 43a sont disposées bout-à-bout de façon à définir dans chaque couche 42,43 des jointures généralement linéaires 62, 63 respectivement. Ces jointures 62, 63 s'étendent généralement suivant un plan de direction perpendiculaire au plan médian des panneaux 52, 53, sur au moins toute l'épaisseur de la couche d'isolation correspondante 42, 43. Chacune des jointures 63 formées dans la couche externe est recouverte par une bande 70 qui est interposée et collée entre les deux couches de mousse isolante 42 et 43 et vient au droit d'une plaque 42a de la couche interne 42.The insulating plates 42a, 43a are arranged end-to-end so as to define in each layer 42,43 generally linear joins 62, 63 respectively. These joints 62, 63 generally extend in a direction plane perpendicular to the median plane of panels 52, 53, over at least the entire thickness of the insulation layer corresponding 42, 43. Each of the joints 63 formed in the outer layer is covered by a strip 70 which is interposed and glued between the two layers of insulating foam 42 and 43 and comes to the right of a plate 42a of the internal layer 42.

    Conformément à l'invention, les panneaux de répartition 53 sont fixés à la cloison externe 3, notamment par des vis ou analogues 35, visibles sur la figure 5. Ces vis 35 représentées sur les autres figures seulement par leur axe longitudinal, sont disposées en regard de trous 435, eux-mêmes formés dans la couche d'isolation externe 43, à distance des jointures 63 entre les différentes plaques juxtaposées 43a constituant cette couche. Par ailleurs, chacune des jointures 63 et tous les trous 435 en question sont remplis par un raccord 80 en matière thermiquement isolante et étanche. Ces raccords 80 isolants et étanches pourront notamment être réalisés dans le même matériau ou dans un matériau similaire à celui des couches d'isolation 42 et 43, par exemple en éthyl vinyle acétate. En outre, tous les raccords 80 disposés dans les jointures 63 et dans les trous 435 de la couche 43 sont collés pour adhérer hermétiquement aux parois du trou 435 ou de la jointure 63 correspondante, afin de rendre la couche externe 43 continue et étanche sur toute la surface définie par la structure 1.According to the invention, the distribution panels 53 are fixed to the external partition 3, in particular by visible screws or the like 35, in Figure 5. These screws 35 shown in the other figures only by their longitudinal axis, are arranged opposite holes 435, themselves formed in the outer insulation layer 43, away from the joints 63 between the different juxtaposed plates 43a constituting this layer. Furthermore, each of the joints 63 and all the holes 435 in question are filled by a fitting 80 in thermal material insulating and waterproof. These insulating and waterproof fittings 80 may in particular be made of the same material or of a material similar to that of insulation layers 42 and 43, for example in ethyl acetate vinyl. In addition, all the fittings 80 arranged in the joints 63 and in the holes 435 of the layer 43 are glued to adhere tightly to the walls of hole 435 or joint 63 corresponding, in order to make the outer layer 43 continuous and waterproof over the entire surface defined by structure 1.

    On comprend déjà qu'avec une telle structure 1, l'étanchéité secondaire est obtenue en rendant hermétiquement solidaires les plaques 43a et raccords 80, de façon que la couche préfabriquée d'isolation externe 43 forme, après son assemblage et son collage, une barrière secondaire continue et donc parfaitement étanche.We already understand that with such a structure 1, the secondary seal is obtained by hermetically joining the plates 43a and fittings 80, so that the prefabricated layer of external insulation 43 forms, after assembly and bonding, a secondary barrier continuous and therefore perfectly waterproof.

    En outre, les jointures 62 entre les plaques 42a de la couche d'isolation interne seront, de préférence, aussi obturées hermétiquement par des joints souples (éventuellement collés) en mastic liquide polymérisé par exemple. Dans ce cas, la barrière secondaire est constituée par tout le système d'isolation 4.In addition, the joints 62 between the plates 42a of the insulation layer internal will preferably also be hermetically sealed with flexible joints (possibly glued) in liquid mastic cured by example. In this case, the secondary barrier is constituted by all of the insulation system 4.

    Toutefois, puisque c'est notamment la couche externe d'isolation 43 qui garantit un bon confinement du fluide à l'intérieur de la structure 1 en cas de fissure ou analogue dans par exemple la barrière primaire 2, il n'est pas nécessaire que les bandes 70 de recouvrement des jointures 63 et des raccords 80 soient étanches et hermétiquement fixées entre les deux couches isolantes 42 et 43. Dès lors, ces bandes de recouvrement 70 auront pour principal rôle de maintenir assemblées les plaques 42a et 43a des couches d'isolation correspondantes du système 4. Dans ce but, il sera avantageux d'employer une feuille de renforcement telle qu'un tissu en fibre de verre ou analogue, que l'on collera au moins au niveau des jointures 63 et des trous 435, entre les deux couches d'isolation 42 et 43 correspondantes. Avec l'une de ses faces adhérant à au moins deux plaques d'isolation 42a, et son autre face adhérant à au moins deux plaques 43a, chaque bande de recouvrement 70 renforcera efficacement la cohésion entre les raccords de jointure 80 et les plaques d'isolation 42a, 43a.However, since it is in particular the outer insulation layer 43 which guarantees good containment of the fluid inside the structure 1 in case of crack or the like in for example the primary barrier 2, it it is not necessary that the strips 70 covering the joints 63 and fittings 80 are sealed and hermetically fixed between the two insulating layers 42 and 43. Consequently, these covering strips 70 will have for main role to maintain assembled the plates 42a and 43a of the corresponding insulation layers of the system 4. In this purpose, it will be advantageous to use a reinforcing sheet such than a fiberglass cloth or the like, which will be glued at least level of joints 63 and holes 435, between the two layers insulation 42 and 43 corresponding. With one of its faces adhering to at least two insulation plates 42a, and its other face adhering to the at least two plates 43a, each cover strip 70 will reinforce effectively the cohesion between the joint fittings 80 and the plates insulation 42a, 43a.

    Afin d'obtenir le meilleur renforcement possible, chaque bande de recouvrement 70 devra s'étendre largement au-delà de la surface de la couche externe 43 où sont formés les trous 435 et la jointure 63 à recouvrir.In order to obtain the best possible reinforcement, each strip of overlap 70 should extend far beyond the surface of the outer layer 43 where the holes 435 and the joint 63 are formed at cover.

    On voit sur la figure 1 que les plaques d'isolation préfabriquées 42a et 43a sont disposées au sein de la structure 1 de façon décalée, pour que les jointures 63 et les trous 435 de deux plaques externes 43a se trouvent au droit d'une plaque interne 42a. Avec une telle disposition, on choisira la surface de chaque bande de renforcement 70 pour qu'elle soit sensiblement égale à celle de la plaque externe 42a correspondante. Il est intéressant si les impératifs d'assemblage des éléments préfabriqués de la structure 1 le permettent, de recouvrir entièrement la couche externe d'isolation 43 avec un tissu de renforcement sur lequel les bandes de renforcement 70 pourront être collées. It can be seen in FIG. 1 that the prefabricated insulation plates 42a and 43a are arranged within the structure 1 in an offset manner, so that the joints 63 and the holes 435 of two external plates 43a are found to the right of an internal plate 42a. With such a provision, we will choose the surface of each reinforcement strip 70 so that it is substantially equal to that of the corresponding external plate 42a. It is interesting if the assembly imperatives of the elements prefabricated structures 1 allow, to fully cover the outer layer of insulation 43 with a reinforcing fabric on which the reinforcing strips 70 can be glued.

    On remarquera aussi ici qu'en prévoyant de disposer les trous 435 à distance des jointures 63, ceux-ci débouchent en regard d'une surface pleine des panneaux de répartition 53 correspondants, de façon qu'il est plus aisé d'obtenir une étanchéité entre la couche 43 et le panneau 53 correspondant, notamment grâce au collage de ces deux éléments préfabriqués.It will also be noted here that by planning to arrange the holes 435 to distance from the joints 63, these open out opposite a surface full of the corresponding 53 distribution panels, so that it is easier to obtain a seal between layer 43 and panel 53 corresponding, in particular thanks to the bonding of these two elements prefabricated.

    En se reportant maintenant à la figure 5 qui représente un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, on voit que les raccords 80 prévus pour remplir les trous 435 ainsi que les jointures 63 illustrées, sont constitués par des pièces rapportées de forme correspondant à celle des orifices (63,435) à remplir dans la couche 43. Plus précisément, le raccord prévu pour venir se loger suivant le sens de la flèche F1 dans la jointure 63 et désigné en 83, est un joint plat étanche. Ce raccord en forme de joint plat 83 a une longueur suivant la direction de la flèche F1 qui est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de l'ensemble constitué par la couche 43 et les panneaux 53.Referring now to FIG. 5 which represents a first embodiment of the invention, it can be seen that the fittings 80 provided to fill the holes 435 as well as the joints 63 illustrated, are made up of inserts of a shape corresponding to that of orifices (63,435) to be filled in layer 43. More specifically, the fitting intended to be housed in the direction of arrow F1 in the joint 63 and designated at 83, is a tight flat seal. This fitting in flat joint shape 83 has a length in the direction of the arrow F1 which is substantially equal to the thickness of the assembly constituted by layer 43 and panels 53.

    D'autre part, on voit qu'un tampon 33 de préférence réalisé dans une mousse plastique souple étanche est interposé entre les panneaux 53 disposés de part et d'autre de la jointure 63, et la cloison externe 3. Ce tampon 33 dont la section suivant un plan transversal perpendiculaire au plan médian P de la jointure 63 est trapézoïdale, repose par l'une de ses faces parallèles dont la surface est la plus petite, contre la face interne de la cloison 3. En outre, les rebords longitudinaux de sa face parallèle la plus importante sont respectivement en appui contre la face externe en regard de la cloison 3 de l'un des panneaux 53 contigu à la jointure 63. Grâce au serrage des vis 35 de fixation des panneaux 53 sur la cloison externe 3, les rebords longitudinaux du tampon 33 sont serrés entre ces panneaux 53 et la cloison 3, à l'instar des patins d'appui 34 visibles sur les figures 1 et 4. Ce serrage des tampons 33 permet d'obtenir un contact étanche entre ces derniers et des panneaux 53. L'étanchéité de ce contact pourra encore être améliorée en appliquant un adhésif hermétique entre les rebords latéraux de chaque tampon 33 et les panneaux 53 correspondants. Ces patins 34 sont collés d'une part à la cloison externe 3 et d'autre part à l'un des panneaux 53. On the other hand, we see that a pad 33 preferably made in a waterproof flexible plastic foam is interposed between the panels 53 arranged on either side of the joint 63, and the external partition 3. This buffer 33 whose section along a perpendicular transverse plane in the median plane P of the joint 63 is trapezoidal, rests by one of its parallel faces with the smallest surface, against the face internal of the partition 3. In addition, the longitudinal edges of its face most important parallel are respectively pressed against the face external facing the partition 3 of one of the panels 53 contiguous to the joint 63. By tightening the screws 35 for fixing the panels 53 on the external partition 3, the longitudinal edges of the buffer 33 are clamped between these panels 53 and the partition 3, like the support pads 34 visible in Figures 1 and 4. This tightening of the pads 33 allows to obtain a sealed contact between the latter and panels 53. The tightness of this contact could be further improved by applying a hermetic adhesive between the lateral edges of each pad 33 and the corresponding panels 53. These pads 34 are glued on the one hand to the external partition 3 and on the other hand to one of the panels 53.

    Bien que ceci ne soit pas visible sur les figures 1 et 4 notamment, les faces externes ou périphériques de chaque raccord 80 sont enduites d'une couche de colle appropriée, de préférence une colle moussante. Ainsi, lorsque le raccord 80 est introduit dans l'orifice (63) ou (435) correspondant, celui-ci adhère de façon hermétique aux plaques d'isolation 43a de la couche externe, et au tampon 33 afin de former une pièce unique continue, sans passage possible pour le fluide à emmagasiner dans la structure 1.Although this is not visible in Figures 1 and 4 in particular, the external or peripheral faces of each fitting 80 are coated a suitable layer of glue, preferably foaming glue. Thus, when the fitting 80 is introduced into the orifice (63) or (435) corresponding, it adheres hermetically to the plates of insulation 43a of the outer layer, and to the pad 33 in order to form a single continuous piece, without possible passage for the fluid to store in structure 1.

    Pour faciliter la réalisation ainsi que le montage du raccord 83 (ou de tout autre raccord 80 constitué par une pièce rapportée) il est possible que celui-ci soit obtenu par assemblage d'au moins deux éléments collés l'un à l'autre. De préférence, chaque élément sera symétrique à l'autre suivant un plan confondu avec le (ou l'un) des plans médians de l'orifice 63 ou 435 à remplir à l'aide de ce raccord en plusieurs éléments. Par exemple, le raccord 83 pourra être formé par assemblage de deux éléments symétriques par rapport au plan médian P. Les faces de ces éléments constituant le raccord 83 qui s'étendent suivant le plan P sont enduites d'un adhésif approprié, de préférence moussant, et assemblées juste avant montage et collage du raccord ainsi constitué dans la jointure 63.To facilitate the realization as well as the fitting of the fitting 83 (or of any other fitting 80 consisting of an insert) it is possible that it is obtained by assembling at least two elements glued to each other. Preferably, each element will be symmetrical to the other following a plan confused with the (or one) of the median planes of port 63 or 435 to be filled using this fitting in several elements. For example, the fitting 83 could be formed by assembly of two symmetrical elements with respect to the median plane P. The faces of these elements constituting the fitting 83 which extend along the plane P are coated with a suitable adhesive, preferably foaming, and assembled just before mounting and bonding the fitting thus formed in join 63.

    Au vu de la figure 1, on remarque qu'à proximité d'un angle défini par deux parois de la structure 1, on prévoit entre le raccord 80 qui est ici constitué par une pièce rapportée, et la cloison externe 3 une butée de positionnement plaques d'isolation 43a de la couche externe 43. A cet effet, à la place du tampon 33 décrit plus haut, on dispose du côté opposé à la plaque 43a définissant ledit angle, une barre 33' enserrée et collée entre le panneau 53 correspondant à l'autre plaque 43a et la cloison externe 3. De plus, on place en appui contre cette barre 33' une série de cales 36 reposant contre les faces d'extrémité d'un patin 34, du panneau 53 et de la plaque 43 situées du côté de l'angle formé par la structure 1. Ces cales comprendront généralement de droite à gauche sur la figure 1, par exemple une pièce métallique, un raccord en mastic et une cale en bois contre-plaqué ou laminé. La base du raccord 80 correspondant est évidemment collée de façon étanche sur ce jeu de cales 36. Ainsi, il est possible d'immobiliser les éléments préfabriqués en question dans une position appropriée suivant la direction perpendiculaire à l'arête de l'angle formé par la structure 1 à cet endroit.In view of Figure 1, we notice that near an angle defined by two walls of the structure 1, there is provided between the fitting 80 which is here consisting of an insert, and the external partition 3 a stop positioning insulation plates 43a of the outer layer 43. At this Indeed, instead of the buffer 33 described above, we have the side opposite the plate 43a defining said angle, a bar 33 'enclosed and glued between the panel 53 corresponding to the other plate 43a and the external partition 3. In addition, one places in abutment against this bar 33 'a series of shims 36 resting against the end faces of a shoe 34, of the panel 53 and plate 43 located on the side of the angle formed by the structure 1. These shims will generally include from right to left in Figure 1, for example a metal part, a sealant connection and a block of plywood or laminated wood. The base of fitting 80 corresponding is obviously stuck tightly on this set of wedges 36. Thus, it is possible to immobilize the prefabricated elements in question in an appropriate position following the direction perpendicular to the edge of the angle formed by structure 1 at this location.

    On remarque également sur la figure 1 qu'un espace vide 56 est prévu dans la jointure 63 entre la couche d'isolation 43 et la cale en métal 36 située du côté opposé au coin défini par la structure 1. Un remplissage 86 par exemple en mastic dont la forme allongée correspond à celle de l'espace 56, est prévu dans cet espace pour que le raccord 80 puisse venir adhérer sur toute sa base et obturer de façon étanche le fond de la jointure 63 entre les plaques d'isolation 43a.Note also in Figure 1 that an empty space 56 is provided in the joint 63 between the insulation layer 43 and the metal shim 36 located on the side opposite the corner defined by structure 1. A filling 86 for example in putty whose elongated shape corresponds to that of space 56, is provided in this space so that the fitting 80 can adhere to its entire base and seal the bottom of the joint 63 between the insulation plates 43a.

    Similairement à ce qui vient d'être expliqué, des raccords 85 représentés sur la figure 5 et prévus pour remplir les trous 435 sont en forme de plots ou rondins cylindriques de forme correspondant à celle de chaque trou. Leurs faces d'extrémité venant en regard du panneau correspondant 53 sont évidées à leur centre, de manière que la vis 35 faisant saillie dans ce trou 435 puisse s'y loger. Toutefois, à proximité de la périphérie du rondin formant raccord 85, on prévoit une surface annulaire d'extrémité qui peut être mise en contact avec le panneau 53 constituant le fond du trou 435, et être collée hermétiquement à ce panneau autour de la vis 35. De même, les parois cylindriques du raccord 85 sont enduites de colle appropriée, de préférence moussante, pour que ce dernier forme après prise de la colle une seule pièce étanche avec la plaque isolante 43a à l'intérieur de laquelle il vient se loger.Similar to what has just been explained, fittings 85 shown in Figure 5 and provided to fill the holes 435 are in shape of cylindrical studs or logs of a shape corresponding to that of each hole. Their end faces facing the panel corresponding 53 are hollowed out at their center, so that the screw 35 protruding into this hole 435 can be housed there. However, nearby from the periphery of the log forming a connection 85, a surface is provided end ring which can be brought into contact with the panel 53 constituting the bottom of hole 435, and be hermetically glued to it panel around the screw 35. Similarly, the cylindrical walls of the fitting 85 are coated with suitable adhesive, preferably foaming, so that the latter forms after taking the glue a single piece waterproof with the insulating plate 43a inside which it comes to house.

    Par ailleurs, tout comme le joint formant raccord 83, la pièce rapportée cylindrique 85 pourra aussi être obenue par assemblage et collage de deux éléments, par exemple en mousse de polyuréthane à cellules fermées.Furthermore, just like the joint forming the fitting 83, the insert 85 can also be obtained by assembling and gluing two elements, for example in polyurethane foam with cells closed.

    Sur la figure 4, le raccord remplissant la jointure 63 entre les deux plaques d'isolation juxtaposées 43a est obtenu in situ. Plus spécialement, le fond de la jointure 63 est hermétiquement obturé par un tampon 33 généralement identique à celui qui a été décrit plus haut. Un outil d'injection 100 est fixé sur le système d'isolation 4, afin d'obturer la partie débouchante de la jointure 63. L'outil d'injection 100 est composé par une platine 103 apte à venir hermétiquement en appui contre la face supérieure de la couche d'isolation 43 en recouvrant la jointure 63, et par au moins deux goujons d'extension 135 prévus pour se fixer sur les vis 35. Ainsi, la platine 103 de l'outil 100 peut être plaquée de façon étanche contre la couche externe d'isolation 43, de sorte que l'espace intérieur défini par la jointure 63 est hermétiquement clos. De plus, la platine 103 de l'outil 100 comprend une bouche d'injection 160 associée à au moins un évent qui permet de mettre en communication l'intérieur de la jointure 63 et une source S de matière plastique isolante et étanche pouvant s'expanser, telle que de préférence du polyuréthane à cellules fermées.In Figure 4, the fitting filling the joint 63 between the two juxtaposed insulation plates 43a is obtained in situ. More specially, the bottom of the joint 63 is hermetically sealed by a buffer 33 generally identical to that which has been described above. An injection tool 100 is fixed on the insulation system 4, so to seal the through part of joint 63. The injection tool 100 is composed by a plate 103 capable of coming hermetically in pressing against the upper face of the insulation layer 43 in covering the joint 63, and by at least two extension studs 135 provided to be fixed on the screws 35. Thus, the plate 103 of the tool 100 can be sealed against the outer layer of insulation 43, so that the interior space defined by the joint 63 is hermetically sealed. In addition, the plate 103 of the tool 100 comprises an injection mouth 160 associated with at least one vent which allows communication inside the joint 63 and a S source of insulating and waterproof plastic material which can expand, such as preferably closed cell polyurethane.

    Une fois l'outil 100 et la source S mis en place comme illustré sur la figure 4, la matière plastique de la source S est injectée sous une pression appropriée dans l'espace défini par la jointure 63, afin de remplir celui-ci complètement. Lorsque la matière expansible injectée désignée ici en 84 est séchée et qu'elle adhère hermétiquement aux parois de la jointure 63 et du tampon 33, on a obtenu un raccord 80. Une fois que l'outil 100 est démonté, la matière 84 du raccord 80 et les deux plaques de matière isolante 43a juxtaposées au raccord 63 correspondant ne forment plus qu'une seule pièce continue, et par conséquent ne peuvent en aucun cas laisser passer un fluide. On notera ici que bien que ceci ne soit pas illustré, les trous 435 prévus pour l'accès aux vis d'assemblage ou fixation 35 peuvent également être remplis par injection d'une matière étanche expansible telle que celle désignée en 84.Once the tool 100 and the source S are in place as illustrated in the FIG. 4, the plastic material of the source S is injected under a appropriate pressure in the space defined by joint 63, in order to fill this one completely. When the expandable material injected designated here in 84 is dried and adheres hermetically to the walls of the joint 63 and of the pad 33, a connection 80 was obtained. Once the tool 100 is disassembled, the material 84 of the fitting 80 and the two plates of insulating material 43a juxtaposed to the connection 63 corresponding form only one continuous piece, and by Consequently, in no case can a fluid pass. We will note here that although this is not illustrated, the holes 435 provided for access to the assembly or fixing screws 35 can also be filled by injection of an expandable waterproof material such as that designated in 84.

    Evidemment, grâce à un outil d'injection tel que celui qui vient d'être décrit, la matière 84 pourra remplir la jointure 63 jusqu'à fleur de la couche externe d'isolation 43, de manière que les plaques 43a seront reliées de façon continue par le raccord 80 ainsi réalisé, et qu'il sera aisé d'appliquer sur une surface ainsi formée une bande de renforcement 70. Obviously, thanks to an injection tool such as the one just described, the material 84 can fill the joint 63 up to the flower of the outer insulation layer 43, so that the plates 43a will connected continuously by the fitting 80 thus produced, and that it will be easy applying a reinforcing strip 70 to a surface thus formed.

    On précisera ici que la pression d'injection de la matière 84 ainsi que la force nécessaire pour loger les raccords 80 constitués par des pièces rapportées telles que ceux qui sont illustrés sur la figure 5, seront choisies pour qu'en position définitive de ces raccords 80 et des plaques juxtaposées 43a, les contraintes générées par ces raccords 80 à l'intérieur de la couche externe 43 aient une valeur négligeable, notamment par rapport à la force de cohésion exercée par les adhésifs (y compris par la matière injectée 84) ainsi que par les bandes de recouvrement 70 qui relient les raccords 80 et les plaques 43a.It will be specified here that the injection pressure of the material 84 as well as the force required to house fittings 80 consisting of parts reported such as those illustrated in Figure 5, will chosen so that in final position of these fittings 80 and plates juxtaposed 43a, the stresses generated by these fittings 80 to the interior of the outer layer 43 has a negligible value, especially with respect to the cohesive force exerted by the adhesives (including by the injected material 84) as well as by the strips of overlap 70 which connects the fittings 80 and the plates 43a.

    D'après les figures 1 et 3, on remarque que dans les coins à 90° ou avec un angle différent, le panneau de répartition des efforts 52 est remplacé par une cornière métallique. Comme on le voit mieux sur la figure 3, la cornière métallique est constituée par des éléments 52a en métal inoxydable tel qu'acier traité ou aluminium, qui sont juxtaposés et assemblés à l'aide de vis 45 (figure 1) venant se fixer dans la matière des plaques 42a constituant la couche interne d'isolation 42 du système 4. Un joint souple 62a tel que celui qui est décrit en se reportant à la figure 1, peut être interposé entre les éléments 42a de façon à adhérer à ceux-ci.From Figures 1 and 3, we notice that in the 90 ° corners or with a different angle, the load distribution panel 52 is replaced by a metal angle. As best seen in Figure 3, the metal angle consists of metal elements 52a stainless such as treated steel or aluminum, which are juxtaposed and assembled using screws 45 (figure 1) which are fixed in the material plates 42a constituting the internal insulation layer 42 of the system 4. A flexible seal 62a such as that described with reference to the Figure 1, can be interposed between the elements 42a so as to adhere to these.

    Ici aussi, lorsque les plaques biseautées 43a seront assemblées à l'aide de raccord d'angle 80 tel que celui de la figure 3, l'ensemble de la couche 43 sera recouvert d'une bande 70 de préférence en fibre de verre. Ensuite, les plaques d'isolation 42a formant par juxtaposition la couche interne 42 seront assemblées, avec au niveau du coin défini par la structure 1, un raccord d'angle 82 (figure 1) hermétiquement collé aux plaques 42a qui lui sont contigües.Here too, when the bevelled plates 43a are assembled using angle fitting 80 such as that of FIG. 3, the whole of the layer 43 will be covered with a strip 70 preferably of fiber glass. Then, the insulation plates 42a forming by juxtaposition the internal layer 42 will be assembled, with at the corner defined by structure 1, a corner connector 82 (Figure 1) hermetically glued to the plates 42a which are contiguous to it.

    Similairement à la structure préfabriquée 1 de la figure 3 qui forme une paroi d'angle, on a représenté sur la figure 2 une structure plane 1 constituée d'éléments préfabriqués assemblés conformément à l'invention.Similar to the prefabricated structure 1 of FIG. 3 which forms a corner wall, there is shown in Figure 2 a planar structure 1 consisting of prefabricated elements assembled in accordance with the invention.

    Dans la structure préfabriquée de la figure 2, le panneau 52 est constitué d'éléments fixés aux plaques d'isolation correspondantes 42a par collage. On pourra prévoir sur un tel panneau 52 des inserts métalliques 142 pour la fixation d'outils notamment. Des bandes en métal inoxydable 166 qui s'étendent transversalement à chacun des éléments du panneau 52 sont respectivement serties dans des logements appropriés disposés en alignement et formés dans les éléments qui constituent par juxtaposition ce panneau.In the prefabricated structure of FIG. 2, the panel 52 is consisting of elements fixed to the corresponding insulation plates 42a by collage. Inserts may be provided on such a panel 52 metal fittings 142 for fixing tools in particular. Strips in stainless steel 166 which extend transversely to each of the elements of the panel 52 are respectively crimped in housings suitable arranged in alignment and formed in the elements which constitute by juxtaposition this panel.

    Comme on l'a représenté schématiquement sur la figure 2, il sera également possible avec l'élément préfabriqué visible sur cette figure d'interposer entre la couche 43 et la couche 42 un tissu en fibre de verre 70 qui s'étend au-delà des trous 435 de cet élément préfabriqué. De telles feuilles pourront être collées les unes aux autres par les bandes de recouvrement pour ne former qu'une seule enveloppe de renforcement sur toute la surface de la structure 1.As shown schematically in Figure 2, it will also possible with the prefabricated element visible in this figure to interpose between layer 43 and layer 42 a fiberglass fabric 70 which extends beyond the holes 435 of this prefabricated element. Of such sheets can be glued to each other by the strips of covering to form a single reinforcing envelope over the entire surface of the structure 1.

    On a donc obtenu conformément à l'invention une structure 1 qui, en cas de fuite à travers la barrière primaire 2 permet de faire que le gradient thermique dans le système d'isolation 4 n'est pas affecté.We therefore obtained in accordance with the invention a structure 1 which, in case of leakage through the primary barrier 2 makes it possible for the thermal gradient in the insulation system 4 is not affected.

    Il convient aussi de préciser ici que puisque la couche 70 n'a plus qu'une fonction mécanique, il n'est plus nécessaire de prévoir de feuille métallique étanche prise en sandwich au niveau des bandes et de la feuille de recouvrement. De fait, en plus des diminutions de coûts liées à l'obtention de la structure à partir d'éléments préfabriqués, l'invention permet de réduire de manière importante les coûts de fabrication des réservoirs pour les liquides cryogéniques dans par exemple des navires commerciaux, tout en garantissant une qualité d'isolation et d'étanchéité supérieure à celle qu'on pouvait obtenir dans l'art antérieur.Notamment, le déplacement de l'étanchéité secondaire permet d'employer une nuance d'acier moins coûteuse pour la cloison externe de support.It should also be specified here that since layer 70 no longer has than a mechanical function, it is no longer necessary to provide a sheet waterproof metallic sandwiched at the bands and cover sheet. In fact, in addition to the cost reductions linked obtaining the structure from prefabricated elements, the invention significantly reduces the manufacturing costs of tanks for cryogenic liquids in e.g. ships commercial, while guaranteeing a quality of insulation and sealing greater than that which could be obtained in the prior art. the displacement of the secondary seal makes it possible to use a less expensive steel grade for the external support partition.

    Evidemment, l'invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits, mais comprend tous les équivalents et les combinaisons des moyens techniques expliqués et illustrés, si celles-ci sont effectuées suivant son esprit. Obviously, the invention is in no way limited to the modes of realization which have just been described, but includes all the equivalents and combinations of technical means explained and illustrated, if these are carried out according to his spirit.

    Ainsi, entre deux plaques d'isolation de la couche externe, on pourra prévoir que certains raccords étanches soient obtenus par injection et d'autres par collage de pièces rapportées.Thus, between two insulating plates of the outer layer, it will be possible provide that certain leaktight connections are obtained by injection and others by gluing added pieces.

    Claims (10)

    1. Prefabricated structure for forming fluid-tight and heat-insulating walls for the provision of a lagged enclosure for the confinement of a fluid at very low temperature such as a liquefied gas and of the type comprising a substantially flexible internal or primary fluid-tight barrier (2) with which is rigidly connected a so-called internal distribution panel (52), a rigid external partition wall (3) forming a support for the structure (1) and to which is rigidly connected another so-called external panel (53) as well as two intermediate heat insulation layers (42,43) sandwiched between the distribution panels (52,53) and called internal layer (52) and external layer (53), respectively, each layer which is provided by the juxtaposition of insulating plates (42a, 43a) of fluid-tight material such for example as a plastic foam with closed cells, defines joints (62, 63) between the plates (42a, 43a), disposed in front of one plate (43a, 42a), respectively, of the other layer (42, 43), each joint (63) of the external insulation layer (43) being covered with a strip (70) adhesively bonded between two insulation layers and stopped with a connector fitting (80) of fluid-tight insulating material, characterized in that the external distribution panels (53) are fastened to the external layer (43) by screws or the like (35) disposed oppositely of holes (435) formed in the external layer (43) at a distance of the joints (63) and a fluid-tight connector fitting (80) of insulating material fills up and hermetically adheres to each one of these holes (435) and joints (63) in order that the external insulation layer (43) be continuous and fluid-tight over the whole surface formed by the structure (1).
    2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover strip (70) is constituted by a continuous reinforcing sheet of glass fibre or the like which extends over a surface substantially greater than that of the juxtaposed plate (42a) of the internal insulation layer (42) facing the joint (63) to be covered and preferably over the surface of the corresponding wall formed by the structure (1).
    3. Structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the aforesaid connector fittings (80) is an insert part (83,85) with a shape corresponding to that of the joint (63) or of the hole (435) to be filled up, of which at least the external peripheral surface is coated with an adhesive preferably foaming material.
    4. Structure according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one (83,85) of the connector fittings (80) is constituted by two elements substantially symmetrical with respect to an assembling middle plane (P) of which the internal confronting assembling surfaces are coated with adhesive material.
    5. Structure according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the aforesaid one (84, 82) is formed in situ by injection under pressure of the fluid-tight insulation plastics material into the inside of the hole (435) or of the joint (63) to be filled up.
    6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the material (84, 82) forming the connector fittings (80) is injected through the medium of a tool (100) bearing upon the surface of the external insulation layer (43) opposite to the external partition wall (3) and fastened to the latter in front of the opening of the hole (435) or of the joint (63) to be filled up.
    7. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the stresses generated inside of or between the juxtaposed plates (43a) of the external insulation layer (43) by the aforesaid connector fittings (80) in the final position, have a negligeable value.
    8. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plug (33,33') of fluid-tight material upon which hermetically adheres the connector fitting (80) of a joint (63) is interposed between the external reinforcing panel (53) and the external partition wall (3).
    9. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a flexible connector fitting (62) is interposed between the plates of insulating material (42a) which constitute the internal insulation layer (42) and adheres to the latter.
    10. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a metallic angle bar (52a) forming the distribution panel (52) is interposed between the primary barrier (2) and the internal insulation layer (42) and is fastened to the latter.
    EP93401304A 1992-05-20 1993-05-19 Prefabricated, fluid-tight and heat-insulating wall structure for vessels for cryogenic fluids Expired - Lifetime EP0573327B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9206136 1992-05-20
    FR929206136A FR2691520B1 (en) 1992-05-20 1992-05-20 Prefabricated structure for forming watertight and thermally insulating walls for containment of a fluid at very low temperature.

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0573327A1 EP0573327A1 (en) 1993-12-08
    EP0573327B1 true EP0573327B1 (en) 1999-01-27

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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    US (1) US5501359A (en)
    EP (1) EP0573327B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3788808B2 (en)
    KR (1) KR100258206B1 (en)
    AU (1) AU4076193A (en)
    CA (1) CA2113822A1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69323240D1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2127799T3 (en)
    FI (1) FI940259A (en)
    FR (1) FR2691520B1 (en)
    PL (1) PL302155A1 (en)
    WO (1) WO1993023699A1 (en)

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    US4066184A (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-01-03 Conch L.N.G. Thermal insulation systems
    FR2361601A1 (en) * 1976-08-10 1978-03-10 Technigaz THERMALLY INSULATING COMPOSITE WALL STRUCTURE AND ASSEMBLY METHOD IN A LIQUEFIED GAS TRANSPORT AND / OR STORAGE TANK
    US4199909A (en) * 1977-04-07 1980-04-29 Technigaz Thermally insulating, fluid-tight composite wall, prefabricated elements for constructing the same and method of constructing said wall
    FR2386771A1 (en) * 1977-04-07 1978-11-03 Technigaz Sealed, insulating walls for cryogenic storage tanks - which are assembled in situ and sealed at all interfaces
    US4117947A (en) * 1977-08-01 1978-10-03 Frigitemp Corporation Internal insulation for liquefied gas tank
    US4335831A (en) * 1978-01-16 1982-06-22 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Insulated cryogenic liquid container
    FR2599468B1 (en) * 1986-06-03 1988-08-05 Technigaz THERMALLY INSULATING WALL STRUCTURE OF WATERPROOF TANK

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0573327A1 (en) 1993-12-08
    JPH07500406A (en) 1995-01-12
    FI940259A (en) 1994-03-21
    KR100258206B1 (en) 2000-06-01
    ES2127799T3 (en) 1999-05-01
    JP3788808B2 (en) 2006-06-21
    US5501359A (en) 1996-03-26
    DE69323240D1 (en) 1999-03-11
    FR2691520B1 (en) 1994-09-02
    AU4076193A (en) 1993-12-13
    CA2113822A1 (en) 1993-11-25
    PL302155A1 (en) 1994-07-11
    FR2691520A1 (en) 1993-11-26
    WO1993023699A1 (en) 1993-11-25
    FI940259A0 (en) 1994-01-19

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