EP0570318A1 - Process for weaving thick reinforcement with several undelaminable layers for composite material and loom for its manufacture - Google Patents

Process for weaving thick reinforcement with several undelaminable layers for composite material and loom for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0570318A1
EP0570318A1 EP93450002A EP93450002A EP0570318A1 EP 0570318 A1 EP0570318 A1 EP 0570318A1 EP 93450002 A EP93450002 A EP 93450002A EP 93450002 A EP93450002 A EP 93450002A EP 0570318 A1 EP0570318 A1 EP 0570318A1
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Prior art keywords
layers
comb
threads
dobby
blades
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Granted
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EP93450002A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0570318B1 (en
Inventor
François Monget
Michel Hee
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Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004Looms for three-dimensional fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D25/005Three-dimensional woven fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of a woven reinforcement with multiple indelaminable layers, having a greater thickness compared to known reinforcements of this type.
  • This type of reinforcement intermediate between the reinforcement with fibrous reinforcement in two directions (called 2D) and the reinforcement with fibrous reinforcement in three directions (called 3D) and called for convenience 2.5 D reinforcement, is characterized by a structure equivalent to a 2D reinforcement stack, indelaminable by the fact that threads of one direction, for example warp, trap threads of the other direction (the weft threads) of two adjacent layers, the term layer being here defined by the number of superimposed parallel planes formed by the weft threads.
  • the invention can be applied to armatures of the 2.5 D and 3 D types, in the following description we will use the word armature in the sense of a 2.5 D or 3 D type structure in which certain wires in one direction, for example warp, trap threads in the other direction, the weft threads, of at least two layers, the number of layers being defined by the number of superimposed parallel planes formed by the weft threads.
  • This type of woven frame is manufactured on technical fabric weaving units, of conventional design, comprising in particular a positive dobby whose operation is well known.
  • the purpose of this device by means of vertically movable blades and consisting of frames carrying heddles in which the warp threads are threaded, to raise or lower the chalne threads to allow the passage of the weft threads, the chain being presented using a comb called calibrator intended to maintain a certain chain width and to distribute the warp threads regularly over this width.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to overcome this drawback by proposing a new way of presenting the warp threads and of arranging them in the weaving unit, so as to allow the weaving of reinforcements of the type defined above with layers in number equal to or greater than nine.
  • healds of the same row is meant either healds placed for this purpose on the blades, or, assuming that the blades are already furnished with healds, the healds actually used.
  • Such a method makes it possible to economically use positive commercial dobbies, for example 28-leaf dobbies by arranging two dobbies in series and by controlling them so that the assembly behaves like a single 56-leaf dobby carrying out the same crowd as a dobby with 28 blades, all or not the blades being used according to the number of layers of the frame.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a weaving machine of known type comprising four sub-assemblies, namely: a creel 1, a joining assembly 2, a weaving unit 3 and a traction system 4.
  • the creel 1 is the set of supports for the spools of warp threads 5 supplying the weaving unit and comprises a certain number of frames 6 each carrying a certain number of spools 7 and arranged in a fan so as to direct towards the unifier 2 all the wires, the number of which can be very high, 10,800 for example as in the embodiment of the method of the invention which will be described below.
  • the unifier 2 is responsible for grouping the warp threads 5 and placing them in a sheet before they enter the weaving unit 3.
  • the weaving unit 3 comprises a dobby 8 equipped with a number of vertically movable blades and made up of frames carrying heddles each responsible for raising or lowering a warp thread.
  • FIG. 2 is illustrated the well known principle of operation of such a dobby.
  • a blade in the high position raising a certain number of warp threads 10 each threaded into an eyelet 11 of a heddle 12 secured to a frame 13 and, at 14, a blade made of low position, identical to blade 9 and lowering other warp threads 15.
  • the spacing of the two layers of yarns 10,15 by the two blades 9,14 forms a crowd of more or less significant amplitude depending on the dobby, the nature of the yarns and the characteristics of the weaving.
  • the warp threads 10,15 are delivered by a calibrating comb 16 (FIG. 1) interposed between the dobby and the unifier 2 and responsible for calibrating the warp threads, that is to say to distribute them uniformly over a width equal to the width of the warp 17 at the outlet of the weaving unit.
  • a leaf 20 is responsible for compacting the pick after insertion.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a 2.5 D woven reinforcement of the type described in French patent No. 87,02012 and comprising nine layers numbered 1 to 9.
  • Each warp thread C connects weft threads T located in two successive layers, for example: weft T1, layer N ° 1; Weft T2, layer N ° 2.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 illustrating the arrangements made for the machine of FIG. 1 for the production of a woven 2.5 D reinforcement with nineteen layers.
  • the dobby shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 and intended for weaving the 2.5 D 19-layer reinforcement is made up, according to a particularly economical embodiment of the invention, by adding rib next to two classic dobbies called dobby N ° 1 and dobby N ° 2.
  • Both are for example positive dobbies of type 2237, each equipped with 28 blades and manufactured by the company STAUBLI.
  • the first blade of the dobby No. 1 is shown diagrammatically at 21 and at 22 the twenty-eighth blade of the dobby No. 2.
  • the displacement of the blades of the two dobbies is controlled so as to produce a maximum crowd 23, for example of 260 mm, identical to that obtained by a single dobby.
  • the warp yarns are presented to the dobbies N ° 1 and 2 according to a spatial distribution involving a special arrangement of the calibrator assembly 16 ′ and a particular placing of the yarns on the healds of the dobby blades.
  • the calibrator assembly 16 ′ consists of a calibrator comb 27 of the conventional type comprising for example 7.77 teeth per centimeter, of a series 28 of parallel, horizontal separating bars, upstream of the calibrator 27 and d a pair 29 of horizontal superimposed bars for supporting and guiding the wires downstream of the calibrator 27.
  • the bars 28 are aligned along an inclined plane to reduce the angle formed by the plies of son between the blades 28 and the calibrator 27.
  • the support and guide bars 29 are responsible for limiting the vertical movement of the warp threads downstream of the calibrator 27 during the movements of the dobby blades.
  • the warp threads passing through the sizing comb 27 come from a joining assembly 2 ′ which has, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, a particular structure, similar to that of the sizing assembly 16 ′.
  • This assembly comprises a joining comb 30 of conventional type whose number of teeth per centimeter is less than that of the calibrator 27.
  • the wires 5 occupy the same number of teeth of the assembler 30 and of the calibrator 27.
  • Downstream of the assembler 30 are arranged bars 31 for supporting and guiding the wires and, upstream, there are separating bars, horizontal, parallel 32 in number depending on the arrangement of the creel 1. These bars 32 are loaded, given the very large number of wires 5, channeling in superimposed layers the wires which come from coils 7 arranged at different heights on the support frames 6.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the handing-over, in accordance with the invention, of the warp threads of this 2.5 D 19-layer reinforcement.
  • the elementary pattern uses six consecutive teeth of the sizing comb.
  • Each tooth of the calibrator 27 comprising nine wires, six consecutive teeth of the calibrator contain 54 wires corresponding to the 54 usable blades.
  • the first six teeth, marked N ° 1 to N ° 6, of the calibrator 27 have been represented at 33, at 34 the row 1 alignment of the heddles 12 of the usable blades (indicated N ° 1 to N ° 54 ) of all the dobbies N ° 1 and N ° 2.
  • N ° 1 to N ° 6 the row 1 alignment of the heddles 12 of the usable blades (indicated N ° 1 to N ° 54 ) of all the dobbies N ° 1 and N ° 2.
  • 35 is shown partially the row 2 alignment of the heddles 12 of said blades.
  • the thread F1 passes through the eyelet 36 of the row 1 stringer of the blade No. 1 and the immediately adjacent thread F2 passes through the eyelet 37 of the row 1 stringer of the blade No. 28.
  • the thread F3 immediately adjacent to the thread F2 passes through the eyelet 38 of the row 1 stringer of the blade No. 2, while the following thread F4 passes through the eyelet 39 of the row 1 stringer of the blade No. 29.
  • the 2.5 D 9-layer frame at least 24 blades are required, so that with the handing-over according to the invention, a certain number of blades from the assembly of the two dobbies will operate in tandem, that is, they will rise or fall together.
  • the advantage of using all the blades, when it is not essential, lies in the optimal angular offset which can thus be obtained between the wires of the same calibrator tooth.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a process for weaving a thick reinforcement with multiple undelaminable layers of the structure of the 2.5 D or 3 D type, in which the warp threads pass successively through a lapping comb, through a calibrating comb and then through a dobby-type weaving unit, characterised in that, upstream of the calibrating comb (27), the warp threads (5) are separated into n superposed laps, n being equal to N-1 DIVIDED 2, and n being the number of layers of the said reinforcement, so as to cause N-1 DIVIDED 2 warp threads (5) to pass into each tooth of the calibrating comb (27), and two adjacent threads of the same tooth of the calibrating comb (27) are threaded into the eyes (11) of two healds (12) of the same rank as two shafts of the dobby, so that the planes of displacement of two adjacent threads form with one another, during the formation of the thread, an angle which is sufficient to prevent the threads from catching with one another. The invention is used for weaving reinforcements made of composite materials. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à la fabrication d'une armature tissée à couches multiples indélaminables, présentant par rapport aux armatures connues de ce type une plus grande épaisseur.The present invention relates to the manufacture of a woven reinforcement with multiple indelaminable layers, having a greater thickness compared to known reinforcements of this type.

Par le brevet français N° 87 02012 déposé au nom de la Demanderesse, on connaît un type d'armature tissée à couches multiples indélaminables, à base de fibres textiles très résistantes, telles que fibres de verre, de silice, de carbone, de "Kevlar", de fibres céramiques, ou autres, destinées à constituer des renforts de matériaux composites.By French patent No. 87,02012, filed in the name of the Applicant, there is known a type of woven reinforcement with multiple non-laminable layers, based on very resistant textile fibers, such as glass fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, " Kevlar ", of ceramic fibers, or others, intended to constitute reinforcements of composite materials.

Ce type d'armature, intermédiaire entre l'armature à renfort fibreux dans deux directions (dite 2D) et l'armature à renfort fibreux dans trois directions (dite 3D) et appelée par commodité armature 2,5 D, se caractérise par une structure équivalente à un empilement d'armatures 2D, indélaminable du fait que des fils d'une direction, de chaîne par exemple, emprisonnent des fils de l'autre direction (les fils de trame) de deux couches adjacentes, le terme de couche étant ici défini par le nombre de plans parallèles superposés constitués par les fils de trame.This type of reinforcement, intermediate between the reinforcement with fibrous reinforcement in two directions (called 2D) and the reinforcement with fibrous reinforcement in three directions (called 3D) and called for convenience 2.5 D reinforcement, is characterized by a structure equivalent to a 2D reinforcement stack, indelaminable by the fact that threads of one direction, for example warp, trap threads of the other direction (the weft threads) of two adjacent layers, the term layer being here defined by the number of superimposed parallel planes formed by the weft threads.

L'invention pouvant s'appliquer à des armatures des types 2,5 D et 3 D, dans la suite de la description on emploiera le mot armature au sens d'une structure de type 2,5 D ou 3 D dans laquelle certains fils d'une direction, de chaîne par exemple, emprisonnent des fils de l'autre direction, les fils de trame, d'au moins deux couches, le nombre de couches étant défini par le nombre de plans parallèles superposés constitués par les fils de trame.The invention can be applied to armatures of the 2.5 D and 3 D types, in the following description we will use the word armature in the sense of a 2.5 D or 3 D type structure in which certain wires in one direction, for example warp, trap threads in the other direction, the weft threads, of at least two layers, the number of layers being defined by the number of superimposed parallel planes formed by the weft threads.

On réalise ainsi un matériau à couches entrelacées, indélaminable, d'épaisseur plus ou moins importante suivant le nombre desdites couches, défini par un nombre impair, par exemple 5,7,9,11, etc...This produces a material with interlaced layers, indelaminable, of greater or lesser thickness depending on the number of said layers, defined by an odd number, for example 5,7,9,11, etc.

Ce type d'armature tissée est fabriqué sur des unités de tissage de tissus techniques, de conception classique, comprenant notamment une ratière positive dont le fonctionnement est bien connu. Ce dispositif a pour but, par l'intermédiaire de lames mobiles verticalement et constituées de cadres portant des lisses dans lesquelles sont enfilés les fils de chaîne, de lever ou baisser les fils de chalne pour permettre le passage des fils de trame, les fils de chaîne étant présentés à l'aide d'un peigne dénommé calibreur destiné à maintenir une certaine largeur de chaîne et à répartir régulièrement les fils de chaîne sur cette largeur.This type of woven frame is manufactured on technical fabric weaving units, of conventional design, comprising in particular a positive dobby whose operation is well known. The purpose of this device, by means of vertically movable blades and consisting of frames carrying heddles in which the warp threads are threaded, to raise or lower the chalne threads to allow the passage of the weft threads, the chain being presented using a comb called calibrator intended to maintain a certain chain width and to distribute the warp threads regularly over this width.

Plus le nombre de couches de l'armature est important, plus est élevé le nombre de fils, ce qui contraint, pour une même largeur de chaîne, à accroître le nombre de fils par dent du calibreur.The greater the number of layers of the reinforcement, the higher the number of wires, which means, for the same chain width, to increase the number of wires per calibrator tooth.

Etant donné que chaque fil doit passer dans l'oeillet d'une lisse d'une des lames de la ratière, les ratières actuellement disponibles dans le commerce n'ont pas la capacité suffisante en nombre de lames pour assurer une distribution dans l'espace correcte de tous les fils, en sorte qu'à partir d'un nombre de couches égal ou supérieur à neuf, il n'est pas possible de réaliser ce type d'armature, les fils d'une même dent du calibreur risquant de s'accrocher lors des mouvements des lames de la ratière.Since each thread must pass through the eyelet of a heald of one of the dobby's blades, the dobby currently available on the market does not have the sufficient number of blades to ensure distribution in space correct of all the threads, so that from a number of layers equal to or greater than nine, it is not possible to make this type of reinforcement, the threads of the same calibrator tooth risking s '' hang during movements of the dobby blades.

La présente invention a précisément pour but de pallier cet inconvénient en proposant une nouvelle manière de présenter les fils de chaîne et de les agencer dans l'unité de tissage, en sorte de permettre le tissage d'armatures du type défini plus haut à couches en nombre égal ou supérieur à neuf.The object of the present invention is precisely to overcome this drawback by proposing a new way of presenting the warp threads and of arranging them in the weaving unit, so as to allow the weaving of reinforcements of the type defined above with layers in number equal to or greater than nine.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de tissage d'armature épaisse à couches multiples indélaminables, de structure de type 2,5 D ou 3 D dans laquelle certains des fils de chaîne emprisonnent des fils de trame d'au moins deux couches, le nombre de couches étant défini par le nombre de plans parallèles superposés constitués par les fils de trame, procédé dans lequel les fils de chaîne passent successivement dans un peigne réunisseur, dans un peigne calibreur, puis dans une unité de tissage à ratière, caractérisé en ce que :

  • on sépare, en amont du peigne calibreur, les fils de chaîne en n nappes superposées, n étant égal à N-1 2
    Figure imgb0001
    , et N étant le nombre de couches de ladite armature, en sorte de faire passer N-1 2
    Figure imgb0002
    fils de chaîne dans chaque dent du peigne calibreur, et
  • on enfile deux fils adjacents d'une même dent du peigne calibreur dans les oeillets de deux lisses de même rang de deux lames de la ratière, les lisses de même rang étant alignées suivant un plan vertical incliné par rapport à l'axe de la chaîne et les deux lisses susdites étant choisies de manière que les plans de déplacement des deux fils adjacents, lors de la formation de la foule, forment entre eux un angle suffisant pour éviter l'accrochage des fils entre eux.
To this end, the subject of the invention is a method of weaving thick reinforcement with multiple indelaminable layers, of 2.5 D or 3 D type structure in which some of the warp threads trap weft threads of at least two layers, the number of layers being defined by the number of superimposed parallel planes constituted by the weft threads, process in which the warp threads pass successively through a joining comb, through a sizing comb, then through a dobby weaving unit, characterized in that:
  • the warp threads are separated, upstream of the sizing comb, into n superimposed layers, n being equal to N-1 2
    Figure imgb0001
    , and N being the number of layers of said reinforcement, so as to pass N-1 2
    Figure imgb0002
    warp threads in each tooth of the sizing comb, and
  • two adjacent threads of the same tooth of the sizing comb are threaded into the eyelets of two heddles of the same rank of two dobby blades, the heddles of the same rank being aligned in a vertical plane inclined relative to the axis of the chain and the aforementioned two heddles being chosen so that the planes of movement of the two adjacent wires, during the formation of the crowd, form between them a sufficient angle to avoid the attachment of the wires to each other.

Si le nombre total de lames disponibles est préfixé, on utilisera un nombre de lisses égal au produit du nombre de nappes n par le nombre de dents du peigne calibreur, le plus proche par défaut dudit nombre total de lames disponibles et, pour chaque série de dents, les fils des dents seront enfilés sur les lisses d'un même rang des lames effectivement utilisées. Par lisses d'un même rang, on entend, soit des lisses placées à cet effet sur les lames, soit, en supposant que les lames sont déjà garnies de lisses, les lisses effectivement utilisées.If the total number of available blades is prefixed, we will use a number of heddles equal to the product of the number of plies n by the number of teeth of the calibrating comb, the closest by default to the total number of available blades and, for each series of teeth, the threads of the teeth will be threaded on the rails of the same row of the blades actually used. By healds of the same row is meant either healds placed for this purpose on the blades, or, assuming that the blades are already furnished with healds, the healds actually used.

Un tel procédé permet d'utiliser de manière économique des ratières positives du commerce, par exemple des ratières à 28 lames en disposant deux ratières en série et en les commandant en sorte que l'ensemble se comporte comme une ratière unique à 56 lames réalisant la même foule qu'une ratière à 28 lames, la totalité ou non des lames étant utilisées selon le nombre de couches de l'armature.Such a method makes it possible to economically use positive commercial dobbies, for example 28-leaf dobbies by arranging two dobbies in series and by controlling them so that the assembly behaves like a single 56-leaf dobby carrying out the same crowd as a dobby with 28 blades, all or not the blades being used according to the number of layers of the frame.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus, description donnée à titre d'exemple uniquement et en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • Figure 1 est une vue en perspective schématique d'une machine à tisser conventionnelle ;
  • Figure 2 est une vue illustrant le principe de fonctionnement d'une unité de tissage à ratière ;
  • Figure 3 est une vue en perspective en coupe partielle d'une armature du type 2,5 D à neuf couches ;
  • Figure 4 est une vue schématique en élévation latérale d'une machine selon la figure 1, équipée conformément à l'invention ;
  • Figure 5 est une vue agrandie et plus détaillée de l'ensemble calibreur de la machine de la figure 4 ;
  • Figure 6 est une vue de dessus du dispositif de la figure 5 ;
  • Figure 7 est une vue de dessus de l'ensemble réunisseur de la machine de la figure 4, et
  • Figure 8 est un schéma illustrant le remettage des fils de chaîne sur l'unité de tissage, dans le cas d'une armature 2,5 D à 19 couches.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows of an embodiment. using the above method, description given by way of example only and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a conventional weaving machine;
  • Figure 2 is a view illustrating the operating principle of a dobby weaving unit;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view in partial section of a 2.5 D type reinforcement with nine layers;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic side elevational view of a machine according to Figure 1, equipped according to the invention;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged and more detailed view of the calibrator assembly of the machine of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the device of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a top view of the assembly assembly of the machine of Figure 4, and
  • Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the putting back of the warp threads on the weaving unit, in the case of a 2.5 D 19-layer reinforcement.

Sur la figure 1 on a représenté schématiquement une machine de tissage de type connu comprenant quatre sous-ensembles, à savoir : un cantre 1, un ensemble réunisseur 2, une unité de tissage 3 et un système de traction 4.FIG. 1 schematically shows a weaving machine of known type comprising four sub-assemblies, namely: a creel 1, a joining assembly 2, a weaving unit 3 and a traction system 4.

Le cantre 1 est l'ensemble des supports des bobines de fils de chaîne 5 alimentant l'unité de tissage et comprend un certain nombre de châssis 6 portant chacun un certain nombre de bobines 7 et disposés en éventail en sorte de diriger vers le réunisseur 2 l'ensemble des fils dont le nombre peut être très élevé, 10800 par exemple comme dans le mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention qui sera décrit ci-après.The creel 1 is the set of supports for the spools of warp threads 5 supplying the weaving unit and comprises a certain number of frames 6 each carrying a certain number of spools 7 and arranged in a fan so as to direct towards the unifier 2 all the wires, the number of which can be very high, 10,800 for example as in the embodiment of the method of the invention which will be described below.

Le réunisseur 2 est chargé de regrouper les fils de chaîne 5 et de les disposer en nappe avant qu'ils n'entrent dans l'unité de tissage 3.The unifier 2 is responsible for grouping the warp threads 5 and placing them in a sheet before they enter the weaving unit 3.

L'unité de tissage 3 comprend une ratière 8 équipée d'un certain nombre de lames mobiles verticalement et constituées de cadres portant des lisses chargées chacune de lever ou baisser un fil de chaîne.The weaving unit 3 comprises a dobby 8 equipped with a number of vertically movable blades and made up of frames carrying heddles each responsible for raising or lowering a warp thread.

Sur la figure 2 on a illustré le principe bien connu de fonctionnement d'une telle ratière. Sur cette figure 2 on a représenté, en 9, une lame en position haute levant un certain nombre de fils de chaîne 10 enfilés chacun dans un oeillet 11 d'une lisse 12 solidaire d'un cadre 13 et, en 14, une lame en position basse, identique à la lame 9 et abaissant d'autres fils de chaîne 15.In Figure 2 is illustrated the well known principle of operation of such a dobby. In this FIG. 2 is shown, at 9, a blade in the high position raising a certain number of warp threads 10 each threaded into an eyelet 11 of a heddle 12 secured to a frame 13 and, at 14, a blade made of low position, identical to blade 9 and lowering other warp threads 15.

L'écartement des deux nappes de fils 10,15 par les deux lames 9,14 forme une foule d'amplitude plus ou moins importante selon la ratière, la nature des fils et les caractéristiques du tissage. En amont des lames 9,14 (à droite sur la figure 2) les fils de chaîne 10,15 sont délivrés par un peigne calibreur 16 (figure 1) interposé entre la ratière et le réunisseur 2 et chargé de calibrer les fils de chaîne, c'est-à-dire de les répartir uniformément sur une largeur égale à la largeur de la chaîne 17 en sortie de l'unité de tissage.The spacing of the two layers of yarns 10,15 by the two blades 9,14 forms a crowd of more or less significant amplitude depending on the dobby, the nature of the yarns and the characteristics of the weaving. Upstream of the blades 9,14 (on the right in FIG. 2) the warp threads 10,15 are delivered by a calibrating comb 16 (FIG. 1) interposed between the dobby and the unifier 2 and responsible for calibrating the warp threads, that is to say to distribute them uniformly over a width equal to the width of the warp 17 at the outlet of the weaving unit.

En aval des lames 9,14 s'opère dans la foule le passage des fils de trame ou duites 18 à l'aide d'une lance 19.Downstream of the blades 9,14 the passage of the weft threads or picks 18 takes place in the crowd using a lance 19.

Un battant 20 est chargé de tasser la duite après insertion.A leaf 20 is responsible for compacting the pick after insertion.

Tout ce qui se passe en aval des lames de la ratière 8 est bien connu, n'est pas directement concerné par l'invention et ne sera pas décrit plus en détail.Everything that happens downstream of the blades of the dobby 8 is well known, is not directly concerned with the invention and will not be described in more detail.

La figure 3 illustre une armature tissée 2,5 D du type décrit dans le brevet français N° 87 02012 et comprenant neuf couches numérotées 1 à 9. Chaque fil de chaîne C relie des fils de trame T situées dans deux couches successives, exemple : trame T₁, couche N° 1 ; Trame T₂, couche N° 2.FIG. 3 illustrates a 2.5 D woven reinforcement of the type described in French patent No. 87,02012 and comprising nine layers numbered 1 to 9. Each warp thread C connects weft threads T located in two successive layers, for example: weft T₁, layer N ° 1; Weft T₂, layer N ° 2.

L'invention s'applique à ce type d'armature, ainsi qu'au type d'armature 3 D défini plus haut et va être maintenant décrite en référence aux figures 4 à 7 illustrant les aménagements apportés à la machine de la figure 1 pour la réalisation d'une armature tissée 2,5 D à dix-neuf couches.The invention applies to this type of reinforcement, as well as to the type of 3D reinforcement defined above and will now be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7 illustrating the arrangements made for the machine of FIG. 1 for the production of a woven 2.5 D reinforcement with nineteen layers.

Conformément à l'invention, la ratière schématisée sur la figure 4 et destinée au tissage de l'armature 2,5 D 19 couches, est constituée, suivant un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention particulièrement économique, par l'adjonction côte à côte de deux ratières classiques dénommées ratière N° 1 et ratière N° 2.In accordance with the invention, the dobby shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 and intended for weaving the 2.5 D 19-layer reinforcement, is made up, according to a particularly economical embodiment of the invention, by adding rib next to two classic dobbies called dobby N ° 1 and dobby N ° 2.

Toutes les deux sont par exemple des ratières positives du type 2237, équipées chacune de 28 lames et fabriquées par la Société STAUBLI.Both are for example positive dobbies of type 2237, each equipped with 28 blades and manufactured by the company STAUBLI.

Sur la figure 4 on a schématisé en 21 la première lame de la ratière N° 1 et en 22 la vingt-huitième lame de la ratière N° 2.In FIG. 4, the first blade of the dobby No. 1 is shown diagrammatically at 21 and at 22 the twenty-eighth blade of the dobby No. 2.

Le déplacement des lames des deux ratières est commandé de façon à réaliser une foule maximale 23, par exemple de 260 mm, identique à celle obtenue par une seule ratière.The displacement of the blades of the two dobbies is controlled so as to produce a maximum crowd 23, for example of 260 mm, identical to that obtained by a single dobby.

En 24 est représenté le plan de tissage (plan de la chaîne 17), en 25 les fils de chaîne en amont des ratières en position levée et en 26 les fils de chaîne en position baissée.At 24 is shown the weaving plane (chain plane 17), at 25 the warp threads upstream of the dobbies in the raised position and at 26 the warp threads in the lowered position.

Pour réaliser une armature du type 2,5 D 19 couches sur une largeur de 1,5 mètre, il faut 10800 bobines 7, par exemple de fil de carbone, montées sur le cantre 1.To make a 2.5 D 19-layer type reinforcement over a width of 1.5 meters, 10800 coils 7 are needed, for example carbon wire, mounted on creel 1.

Conformément à l'invention, les fils de chaîne sont présentés aux ratières N° 1 et 2 suivant une distribution spatiale faisant intervenir un agencement spécial de l'ensemble calibreur 16' et un remettage particulier des fils sur les lisses des lames des ratières.In accordance with the invention, the warp yarns are presented to the dobbies N ° 1 and 2 according to a spatial distribution involving a special arrangement of the calibrator assembly 16 ′ and a particular placing of the yarns on the healds of the dobby blades.

L'ensemble calibreur 16' selon l'invention est constitué d'un peigne calibreur 27 de type classique comportant par exemple 7,77 dents par centimètre, d'une série 28 de barres séparatrices parallèles, horizontales, en amont du calibreur 27 et d'une paire 29 de barres superposées horizontales de support et guidage des fils en aval du calibreur 27.The calibrator assembly 16 ′ according to the invention consists of a calibrator comb 27 of the conventional type comprising for example 7.77 teeth per centimeter, of a series 28 of parallel, horizontal separating bars, upstream of the calibrator 27 and d a pair 29 of horizontal superimposed bars for supporting and guiding the wires downstream of the calibrator 27.

Les barres séparatrices 28 représentées plus en détail sur les figures 5 et 6, sont en nombre égal à N-1 2

Figure imgb0003
, N étant le nombre des couches de l'armature 2,5 D à réaliser, soit 19-1 2 = 9
Figure imgb0004
dans le cas présent et sont chargées de présenter au calibreur 27 les fils de chaîne 5 suivant neuf nappes en sorte d'avoir, dans chaque dent du calibreur 27, neuf fils de chaîne superposés comme illustré par la figure 5. Les barres 28 sont alignées suivant un plan incliné pour réduire l'angle formé par les nappes de fils entre les lames 28 et le calibreur 27.The separator bars 28 shown in more detail in FIGS. 5 and 6 are in number equal to N-1 2
Figure imgb0003
, N being the number of layers of the 2.5 D reinforcement to be produced, 19-1 2 = 9
Figure imgb0004
in this case and are responsible for presenting to the calibrator 27 the warp threads 5 along nine layers so as to have, in each tooth of the calibrator 27, nine superimposed warp threads as illustrated in FIG. 5. The bars 28 are aligned along an inclined plane to reduce the angle formed by the plies of son between the blades 28 and the calibrator 27.

Les barres 29 de support et guidage sont chargées de limiter le débattement vertical des fils de chaîne en aval du calibreur 27 lors des mouvements des lames des ratières.The support and guide bars 29 are responsible for limiting the vertical movement of the warp threads downstream of the calibrator 27 during the movements of the dobby blades.

On décrira plus loin le remettage des fils de chaîne sur les lisses des lames.We will describe below the resetting of the warp threads on the heddles of the blades.

Les fils de chaîne traversant le peigne calibreur 27 proviennent d'un ensemble réunisseur 2' qui présente, conformément à un autre aspect de l'invention, une structure particulière, analogue à celle de l'ensemble calibreur 16'.The warp threads passing through the sizing comb 27 come from a joining assembly 2 ′ which has, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, a particular structure, similar to that of the sizing assembly 16 ′.

Cet ensemble comprend un peigne réunisseur 30 de type classique dont le nombre de dents au centimètre est inférieur à celui du calibreur 27. Les fils 5 occupent un même nombre de dents du réunisseur 30 et du calibreur 27. En aval du réunisseur 30 sont disposées des barres 31 de support et guidage des fils et, en amont, sont disposées des barres séparatrices, horizontales, parallèles 32 en nombre fonction de l'agencement du cantre 1. Ces barres 32 sont chargées, étant donné le très grand nombre de fils 5, de canaliser en nappes superposées les fils qui proviennent de bobines 7 disposées à différentes hauteurs sur les châssis supports 6.This assembly comprises a joining comb 30 of conventional type whose number of teeth per centimeter is less than that of the calibrator 27. The wires 5 occupy the same number of teeth of the assembler 30 and of the calibrator 27. Downstream of the assembler 30 are arranged bars 31 for supporting and guiding the wires and, upstream, there are separating bars, horizontal, parallel 32 in number depending on the arrangement of the creel 1. These bars 32 are loaded, given the very large number of wires 5, channeling in superimposed layers the wires which come from coils 7 arranged at different heights on the support frames 6.

La figure 8 illustre le remettage, conformément à l'invention, des fils de chaîne de cette armature 2,5 D 19 couches.FIG. 8 illustrates the handing-over, in accordance with the invention, of the warp threads of this 2.5 D 19-layer reinforcement.

Les ratières N° 1 et 2 totalisent 56 lames dont 54 sont utilisables pour le tissage proprement dit les deux autres lames servant à la réalisation des lisières de bordure.The dobbies N ° 1 and 2 total 56 blades, 54 of which can be used for weaving proper, the other two blades used to make the edge selves.

Dans l'armature de type 2,5 D, le motif élémentaire utilise six dents consécutives du peigne calibreur.In the 2.5 D type frame, the elementary pattern uses six consecutive teeth of the sizing comb.

Chaque dent du calibreur 27 comportant neuf fils, six dents consécutives du calibreur contiennent 54 fils correspondant aux 54 lames utilisables.Each tooth of the calibrator 27 comprising nine wires, six consecutive teeth of the calibrator contain 54 wires corresponding to the 54 usable blades.

Sur la figure 8 on a représenté en 33 les six premières dents, repérées N° 1 à N° 6, du calibreur 27, en 34 l'alignement de rang 1 des lisses 12 des lames utilisables (repérées N° 1 à N° 54) de l'ensemble des ratières N° 1 et N° 2. En 35 est représenté partiellement l'alignement de rang 2 des lisses 12 desdites lames.In FIG. 8, the first six teeth, marked N ° 1 to N ° 6, of the calibrator 27 have been represented at 33, at 34 the row 1 alignment of the heddles 12 of the usable blades (indicated N ° 1 to N ° 54 ) of all the dobbies N ° 1 and N ° 2. In 35 is shown partially the row 2 alignment of the heddles 12 of said blades.

Dans la dent N° 1 de la série 33 les fils superposés sont repérés F₁ à F₉.In tooth N ° 1 of the series 33 the superimposed wires are marked F₁ to F₉.

Conformément à l'invention, le fil F₁ passe dans l'oeillet 36 de la lisse de rang 1 de la lame N° 1 et le fil immédiatement adjacent F₂ passe dans l'oeillet 37 de la lisse de rang 1 de la lame N° 28.According to the invention, the thread F₁ passes through the eyelet 36 of the row 1 stringer of the blade No. 1 and the immediately adjacent thread F₂ passes through the eyelet 37 of the row 1 stringer of the blade No. 28.

Le fil F₃ immédiatement adjacent au fil F₂ passe dans l'oeillet 38 de la lisse de rang 1 de la lame N° 2, cependant que le fil suivant F₄ passe dans l'oeillet 39 de la lisse de rang 1 de la lame N° 29.The thread F₃ immediately adjacent to the thread F₂ passes through the eyelet 38 of the row 1 stringer of the blade No. 2, while the following thread F₄ passes through the eyelet 39 of the row 1 stringer of the blade No. 29.

On procède de la même manière pour les fils F₅ à F₉, puis pour les fils homologues des dents N° 2 à N° 6 de la série 33, en sorte que le fil F₈ de la dent N° 6 passe dans l'oeillet 40 de la lisse de rang 1 de la lame N° 27, cependant que le fil F₉ de ladite dent N° 6 passe dans l'oeillet 41 de la lisse de rang 1 de la dernière lame N° 54.The procedure is the same for the wires F₅ to F₉, then for the homologous wires of teeth N ° 2 to N ° 6 of series 33, so that the wire F₈ of tooth N ° 6 passes through the eyelet 40 of the row 1 stringer of blade No. 27, while the wire F₉ of said tooth No. 6 passes through the eyelet 41 of the row 1 stringer of the last blade No. 54.

Pour la série suivante de six dents du calibreur, on procédera au même remettage avec, cette fois, les lisses de rang 2 (alignement 35) des lames des ratières N° 1 et 2.For the following series of six calibrator teeth, we will proceed to the same re-assembly with, this time, the stringers of row 2 (alignment 35) of the blades of dobbies N ° 1 and 2.

Toutes les lisses d'un même rang sont alignées en oblique et le décalage latéral entre la première lisse de la première lame de la ratière N° 1 et la première lisse de la dernière lame de la ratière N° 2 correspond à la longueur du peigne calibreur 27 occupée par les six dents de la série 33.All heddles of the same row are aligned obliquely and the lateral offset between the first heald of the first blade of dobby N ° 1 and the first heald of the last blade of dobby N ° 2 corresponds to the length of the comb calibrator 27 occupied by the six teeth of the series 33.

De la sorte, lors de la formation de la foule entre deux fils consécutifs d'une même dent du calibreur, ces deux fils se déplaceront dans deux plans verticaux formant entre eux un léger angle, déterminé par le décalage, transversalement à l'axe de tissage, entre les oeillets des lisses concernées, suffisant pour éviter tout accrochage entre les fils.In this way, during the formation of the crowd between two consecutive wires of the same calibrator tooth, these two wires will move in two vertical planes forming between them a slight angle, determined by the offset, transverse to the axis of weaving, between the eyelets of the heddles concerned, sufficient to avoid any snagging between the threads.

On pourrait bien entendu procéder à un remettage différent dans la mesure où la répartition des fils d'une même dent de calibreur s'effectue sur des lisses présentant entre elles un décalage latéral suffisant.One could of course proceed to a different storage insofar as the distribution of the son of the same calibrator tooth is effected on heddles having between them a sufficient lateral offset.

Pour réaliser par exemple l'armature 2,5 D à 9 couches, il faut au moins 24 lames, si bien qu'avec le remettage selon l'invention, un certain nombre de lames de l'ensemble des deux ratières fonctionneront en tandem, c'est-à-dire qu'elles se soulèveront ou s'abaisseront ensemble.To make, for example, the 2.5 D 9-layer frame, at least 24 blades are required, so that with the handing-over according to the invention, a certain number of blades from the assembly of the two dobbies will operate in tandem, that is, they will rise or fall together.

L'intérêt d'utiliser toutes les lames, alors que ce n'est pas indispensable, réside dans le décalage angulaire optimal que l'on peut ainsi obtenir entre les fils d'une même dent de calibreur.The advantage of using all the blades, when it is not essential, lies in the optimal angular offset which can thus be obtained between the wires of the same calibrator tooth.

Bien entendu, on pourrait utiliser au lieu des deux ratières conventionnelles N° 1 et N° 2, une ratière spéciale comportant le nombre de lames désirées pour la réalisation d'armatures 2,5 D ou 3 D à 9,11,13,15,17,19 couches et au delà.Of course, one could use instead of the two conventional dobbies N ° 1 and N ° 2, a special dobby comprising the number of blades desired for the production of 2.5 D or 3 D frames at 9,11,13,15 , 17.19 layers and above.

Dans une telle ratière, la course des différentes lames devrait être bien entendu adaptée à la foule maximale qu'il serait nécessaire d'obtenir.In such a dobby, the course of the different blades should of course be adapted to the maximum crowd that it would be necessary to obtain.

Enfin, l'invention n'est évidemment pas limitée aux modes de mise en oeuvre décrits ci-dessus mais en couvre au contraire toutes les variantes.Finally, the invention is obviously not limited to the embodiments described above but on the contrary covers all the variants thereof.

Claims (5)

Procédé de tissage d'armature épaisse à couches multiples indélaminables, de structure de type 2,5 D ou 3 D dans laquelle certains des fils de chaîne emprisonnent des fils de trame d'au moins deux couches, le nombre de couches étant défini par le nombre de plans parallèles superposés constitués par les fils de trame, procédé dans lequel les fils de chaîne passent successivement dans un peigne réunisseur, dans un peigne calibreur, puis dans une unité de tissage à ratière, caractérisé en ce que : - on sépare, en amont du peigne calibreur (27), les fils de chaîne (5) en n nappes superposées, n étant égal à N-1 2
Figure imgb0005
et N étant le nombre de couches de ladite armature, en sorte de faire passer N-1 2
Figure imgb0006
fils de chaîne (5) dans chaque dent du peigne calibreur (27), et
- on enfile deux fils adjacents d'une même dent du peigne calibreur (27) dans les oeillets (11) de deux lisses (12) de même rang de deux lames de la ratière, les lisses de même rang étant alignées suivant un plan vertical (34) incliné par rapport à l'axe de la chaîne et les deux lisses susdites étant choisies de manière que les plans de déplacement des deux fils adjacents, lors de la formation de la foule, forment entre eux un angle suffisant pour éviter l'accrochage des fils entre eux.
Method of weaving thick armature with multiple non-delaminable layers, of 2.5 D or 3 D type structure in which some of the warp threads trap weft threads of at least two layers, the number of layers being defined by the number of superimposed parallel planes constituted by the weft threads, process in which the warp threads pass successively through a joining comb, through a sizing comb, then through a dobby weaving unit, characterized in that: - the warp threads (5) are separated upstream of the sizing comb (27) into n superimposed layers, n being equal to N-1 2
Figure imgb0005
and N being the number of layers of said reinforcement, so as to pass N-1 2
Figure imgb0006
warp threads (5) in each tooth of the sizing comb (27), and
- two adjacent threads of the same tooth of the sizing comb (27) are threaded into the eyelets (11) of two heddles (12) of the same rank with two blades of the dobby, the heddles of the same rank being aligned in a vertical plane (34) inclined with respect to the axis of the chain and the aforementioned two heddles being chosen so that the planes of movement of the two adjacent wires, during the formation of the crowd, form between them a sufficient angle to avoid the hooking the wires together.
Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas où le nombre total de lames disponibles est préfixé, on utilisera un nombre de lisses égal au produit du nombre de nappes n par le nombre de dents du peigne calibreur, le plus proche par défaut dudit nombre total de lames disponibles et, pour chaque série de dents, les fils des dents seront enfilés sur les lisses d'un même rang des lames effectivement utilisées.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case where the total number of available blades is prefixed, a number of heddles will be used equal to the product of the number of plies n by the number of teeth of the sizing comb, the closest by defect of said total number of blades available and, for each series of teeth, the threads of the teeth will be threaded on the healds of the same row of the blades actually used. Machine à tisser pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant successivement un cantre (1), un ensemble réunisseur (2), une unité de tissage (3) constituée notamment d'un système à ratière (8) et d'un ensemble calibreur (16), et un système de traction (8), caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble calibreur est constitué d'un peigne calibreur (27) auquel sont associés, en amont, une série de barres séparatrices horizontales, parallèles (28) répartissant les fils de chaîne (5) en un nombre de nappes superposées égal à N-1 2
Figure imgb0007
, N étant le nombre de couches de l'armature à réaliser et, en aval, une paire de barres horizontales de support et de guidage (29).
Weaving machine for implementing the method according to claim 1 or 2, successively comprising a creel (1), a joining assembly (2), a weaving unit (3) consisting in particular of a dobby system (8) and a calibrator assembly (16), and a traction system (8), characterized in that the calibrator assembly consists of a calibrator comb (27) with which are associated, upstream, a series of horizontal, parallel separating bars (28 ) dividing the warp threads (5) into a number of superimposed layers equal to N-1 2
Figure imgb0007
, N being the number of layers of the reinforcement to be produced and, downstream, a pair of horizontal support and guide bars (29).
Machine à tisser selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'ensemble réunisseur est constitué d'un peigne réunisseur (30) auquel sont associés, en amont, une série de barres horizontales, parallèles (32) de séparation en nappes superposées des fils de chalne (5) délivrés par le cantre (1) et, en aval, une paire de barres superposées horizontales (31) de support et de guidage desdits fils de chalne (5).Weaving machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the joining assembly consists of a joining comb (30) with which are associated, upstream, a series of horizontal, parallel bars (32) for separating in superimposed layers of threads chalne (5) delivered by the creel (1) and, downstream, a pair of horizontal superimposed bars (31) for supporting and guiding said chalne son (5). Machine à tisser selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que le système à ratière est constitué de deux ratières conventionnelles dont les lames sont disposées en série côte à côte et commandées en sorte de fonctionner comme une ratière unique.Weaving machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the dobby system consists of two conventional dobbies, the blades of which are arranged in series side by side and controlled so as to function as a single dobby.
EP93450002A 1992-05-15 1993-05-13 Process for weaving thick reinforcement with several undelaminable layers for composite material and loom for its manufacture Expired - Lifetime EP0570318B1 (en)

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FR929206154A FR2691174B1 (en) 1992-05-15 1992-05-15 METHOD FOR WEAVING THICK REINFORCEMENT WITH INDELAMINABLE MULTIPLE LAYERS FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND WEAVING MACHINE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME.
FR9206154 1992-05-15

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CA2096202A1 (en) 1993-11-16
US5353844A (en) 1994-10-11
FR2691174A1 (en) 1993-11-19
JPH0649734A (en) 1994-02-22
FR2691174B1 (en) 1994-07-29
DE69306163D1 (en) 1997-01-09

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