EP0565409A1 - Device for fastening a lock in its housing - Google Patents

Device for fastening a lock in its housing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0565409A1
EP0565409A1 EP93400834A EP93400834A EP0565409A1 EP 0565409 A1 EP0565409 A1 EP 0565409A1 EP 93400834 A EP93400834 A EP 93400834A EP 93400834 A EP93400834 A EP 93400834A EP 0565409 A1 EP0565409 A1 EP 0565409A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lock
blade
support
barrel
radial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93400834A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0565409B1 (en
Inventor
Louis Canard
Patrick Leclerc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS filed Critical Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS
Publication of EP0565409A1 publication Critical patent/EP0565409A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0565409B1 publication Critical patent/EP0565409B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B9/00—Lock casings or latch-mechanism casings ; Fastening locks or fasteners or parts thereof to the wing
    • E05B9/08—Fastening locks or fasteners or parts thereof, e.g. the casings of latch-bolt locks or cylinder locks to the wing
    • E05B9/084—Fastening of lock cylinders, plugs or cores

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a device for locking a lock in its support.
  • It relates more particularly to locks intended to be mounted in a steering lock for a motor vehicle.
  • Such locks generally consist of a cylindrical barrel journalling in a bore of a body, said barrel being integral with a cam driving a bolt.
  • the lock being assembled is introduced into a support, such as a steering lock sleeve, and must be locked relative to this support.
  • Such a lock has means allowing its extraction from the support for repair or maintenance, that is to say without destroying said lock.
  • these means consist of a thick blade comprising two pins intended to cooperate with the body of the lock and two radial fingers cooperating with the barrel for an angular position different from the locking position , said thick blade being able to slide radially in the body of the lock under the action of a spring.
  • the present invention aims to improve a device of the aforementioned type, in particular to make its manufacture automatable.
  • the present invention solves these problems and proposes for this purpose a device for locking a lock in its support, said lock comprising a body having a bore in which a barrel journals, the device further comprising a thick blade disposed longitudinally in the body and sliding radially in a first radial recess located opposite a lumen of the support under the action of an elastic means, characterized in that said means consists of a pin spring whose free end one of its branches has a retaining tab.
  • the exemplary embodiment described relates to an anti-theft device, of the type called cartridge, that is to say in which the body 10 of the lock is constituted by the housing of the anti-theft device (not shown), which is enclosed in a sleeve or support 12.
  • the body 10 has, on the insertion side of a key 18, a first cylindrical flange 20 connected to the opposite end to a second flange 22 by four radial branches 24 forming in their center a cylindrical barrel 26 having a bore longitudinal 14, in which a cylindrical barrel 16 journals.
  • a first radial recess 28 limited inwards by the barrel 16 and, outwards, by the internal surface of the support 12.
  • a second radial recess 30 Adjacent to the first radial recess 28, a second radial recess 30 is formed, bounded outward by the interior surface of the support 12 and, inwardly, by the exterior surface of the cylindrical barrel.
  • the branch 24 containing the radial recesses 28.30 has a radial housing 32 of square section opening, on the one hand, outside the branch 24 and, on the other hand, in the first radial recess 30.
  • a thick strip 34 is housed longitudinally in the radial recess 28.
  • This strip has a central opening 36 whose shape and dimensions are identical to the section of the radial housing 32.
  • the lower face 38 of the thick blade 34 is planar and its upper face 40 has an inclined face 42.
  • the locking device comprises, associated with the thick blade 34, an elastic means 44 for holding the wafer 34 in the radial recess 28.
  • This means consists of a spring 44 (FIG. 3), in the form of a pin, having two lower 46 and upper 48 branches, the upper branch 48 having at its free end a retaining tab 50 perpendicular to the branch 48.
  • the blade 34 is introduced into the radial recess 28 of the body 10 of the lock, the latter preferably being pre-equipped with its barrel 16.
  • the two branches 46, 48 of the spring 44 are then introduced into the radial housing 32, then into the central opening 36 of the blade 34 so that the retaining tab 50 comes to be housed in the second recess 30.
  • the branch 48 of the spring 44 is under tension and pushes the blade 34 towards the outside of the body 10 while keeping it captive of said body by the tab 50.
  • the barrel 16 Before placing the lock in its support 12, the barrel 16 is rotated with a conforming key 18 so that the longitudinal groove 52 is in the extension of the recess 28 as shown in dotted lines ( Figure 2) under the reference 52 '.
  • the blade 34 When the lock is introduced into the support 12, the blade 34 is in the extension of a radial lumen 54 formed in said support 12.
  • the branch 48 of the spring 44 pushes the blade 34 upwards so that it comes to engage in the slot 54.
  • the embodiment described relates to a cartridge lock, but the invention can equally well be applied to all types of cylinder locks, whether they are intended for a steering lock or any other closing means, such as than a door lock for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Feeding And Guiding Record Carriers (AREA)

Abstract

Device for fastening a lock in its support (12), the said lock comprising a body (10) having a bore (14) in which a cylinder (16) pivots, the device comprising, furthermore, a thick blade (34) arranged longitudinally in the body (10) and sliding radially in a first radial recess (28), confronting an aperture (54) of the support (12), under the action of an elastic means (44) consisting of a kickover spring (44), of which the free end of one of its branches (48) has a holding lug (50). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne d'une manière générale un dispositif de verrouillage d'une serrure dans son support.The present invention relates generally to a device for locking a lock in its support.

Elle concerne plus particulièrement les serrures destinées à être montées dans un antivol de direction pour véhicule automobile.It relates more particularly to locks intended to be mounted in a steering lock for a motor vehicle.

De telles serrures sont constituées globalement d'un barillet cylindrique tourillonnant dans un alésage d'un corps, ledit barillet étant solidaire d'une came d'entraînement d'un pêne.Such locks generally consist of a cylindrical barrel journalling in a bore of a body, said barrel being integral with a cam driving a bolt.

La serrure étant assemblée est introduite dans un support, tel un manchon d'antivol de direction, et doit être verrouillée par rapport à ce support.The lock being assembled is introduced into a support, such as a steering lock sleeve, and must be locked relative to this support.

Néanmoins une telle serrure présente des moyens permettant son extraction du support pour la réparation ou l'entretien, c'est-à-dire sans destruction de ladite serrure.However, such a lock has means allowing its extraction from the support for repair or maintenance, that is to say without destroying said lock.

Ces moyens ne doivent pouvoir être actionnés qu'avec une clé conforme c'est-à-dire pour une position angulaire du barillet différente de la position de verrouillage.These means must only be able to be actuated with a conforming key, that is to say for an angular position of the barrel different from the locking position.

Dans le document FR-A-2 465 055, ces moyens sont constitués d'une lame épaisse comportant deux tenons destinés à coopérer avec le corps de la serrure et deux doigts radiaux coopérant avec le barillet pour une position angulaire différente de la position de verrouillage, ladite lame épaisse pouvant coulisser radialement dans le corps de la serrure sous l'action d'un ressort.In document FR-A-2 465 055, these means consist of a thick blade comprising two pins intended to cooperate with the body of the lock and two radial fingers cooperating with the barrel for an angular position different from the locking position , said thick blade being able to slide radially in the body of the lock under the action of a spring.

La présente invention vise à perfectionner un dispositif du type précité, en particulier pour en rendre la fabrication automatisable.The present invention aims to improve a device of the aforementioned type, in particular to make its manufacture automatable.

La présente invention résout ces problèmes et propose à cet effet un dispositif de verrouillage d'une serrure dans son support, ladite serrure comportant un corps présentant un alésage dans lequel tourillonne un barillet, le dispositif comprenant en outre une lame épaisse disposée longitudinalement dans le corps et coulissant radialement dans un premier évidement radial située en vis-à-vis d'une lumière du support sous l'action d'un moyen élastique, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen est constitué d'un ressort en épingle dont l'extrémité libre d'une de ses branches présente une patte de maintien.The present invention solves these problems and proposes for this purpose a device for locking a lock in its support, said lock comprising a body having a bore in which a barrel journals, the device further comprising a thick blade disposed longitudinally in the body and sliding radially in a first radial recess located opposite a lumen of the support under the action of an elastic means, characterized in that said means consists of a pin spring whose free end one of its branches has a retaining tab.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • - la lame comporte une ouverture centrale en vis-à-vis d'un logement radial du corps destiné au passage des branches du ressort
  • - le corps présente un second évidement radial adjacent au premier évidement radial destiné au logement de la patte de maintien du ressort
  • - la lame présente une face supérieure sur laquelle est ménagé un pan incliné
  • - lors de l'introduction de la serrure dans son support, la lame pénètre dans une rainure longitudinale du barillet, en prolongement de l'évidement pour une position angulaire du barillet différente de la position de verrouillage.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • - the blade has a central opening facing a radial housing of the body intended for the passage of the branches of the spring
  • - the body has a second radial recess adjacent to the first radial recess intended for housing the spring retaining lug
  • - the blade has an upper face on which an inclined face is formed
  • - When introducing the lock into its support, the blade enters a longitudinal groove of the barrel, in extension of the recess for an angular position of the barrel different from the locking position.

L'invention sera mieux comprise avec la description qui va suivre en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'une serrure comportant un dispositif de verrouillage selon l'invention en position de verrouillage ;
  • - la figure 2 est une coupe suivant la ligne A de la figure 1 ;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue d'un ressort utilisé dans le dispositif suivant l'invention.
The invention will be better understood with the description which follows with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a lock comprising a locking device according to the invention in the locking position;
  • - Figure 2 is a section along line A of Figure 1;
  • - Figure 3 is a view of a spring used in the device according to the invention.

L'exemple de réalisation décrit est relatif à un antivol, du type appelé cartouche, c'est-à-dire dans lequel le corps 10 de la serrure est constitué par le boi- tier de l'antivol (non représenté), lequel est enfermé dans un manchon ou support 12.The exemplary embodiment described relates to an anti-theft device, of the type called cartridge, that is to say in which the body 10 of the lock is constituted by the housing of the anti-theft device (not shown), which is enclosed in a sleeve or support 12.

Dans l'exemple représenté le corps 10 présente, côté introduction d'une clé 18, une première collerette cylindrique 20 raccordée à l'extrémité opposée à une seconde collerette 22 par quatre branches radiales 24 formant en leur centre un fût cylindrique 26 comportant un alésage longitudinal 14, dans lequel tourillonne un barillet cylindrique 16.In the example shown, the body 10 has, on the insertion side of a key 18, a first cylindrical flange 20 connected to the opposite end to a second flange 22 by four radial branches 24 forming in their center a cylindrical barrel 26 having a bore longitudinal 14, in which a cylindrical barrel 16 journals.

Dans l'une des branches 24 du corps 10 est ménagé un premier évidement radial 28 limité vers l'intérieur par le barillet 16 et, vers l'extérieur, par la surface intérieure du support 12.In one of the branches 24 of the body 10 is formed a first radial recess 28 limited inwards by the barrel 16 and, outwards, by the internal surface of the support 12.

Adjacent au premier évidement radial 28, est ménagé un second évidement radial 30 limité vers l'extérieur par la surface intérieure du support 12 et, vers l'intérieur, par la surface extérieure du fût cylindrique.Adjacent to the first radial recess 28, a second radial recess 30 is formed, bounded outward by the interior surface of the support 12 and, inwardly, by the exterior surface of the cylindrical barrel.

La branche 24 contenant les évidements radiaux 28,30 présente un logement radial 32 de section carrée débouchant, d'une part, à l'extérieur de la branche 24 et, d'autre part, dans le premier évidement radial 30.The branch 24 containing the radial recesses 28.30 has a radial housing 32 of square section opening, on the one hand, outside the branch 24 and, on the other hand, in the first radial recess 30.

Une lame épaisse 34 est logée longitudinalement dans l'évidement radial 28. Cette lame comporte une ouverture centrale 36 dont la forme et les dimensions sont identiques à la section du logement radial 32.A thick strip 34 is housed longitudinally in the radial recess 28. This strip has a central opening 36 whose shape and dimensions are identical to the section of the radial housing 32.

La face inférieure 38 de la lame épaisse 34 est plane et sa face supérieure 40 présente un pan incliné 42.The lower face 38 of the thick blade 34 is planar and its upper face 40 has an inclined face 42.

Le dispositif de verrouillage, selon l'invention, comporte, associé à la lame épaisse 34 un moyen élastique 44 de maintien de la plaquette 34 dans l'évidement radial 28.The locking device according to the invention comprises, associated with the thick blade 34, an elastic means 44 for holding the wafer 34 in the radial recess 28.

Ce moyen est constitué d'un ressort 44 (figure 3), en forme d'épingle, présentant deux branches inférieure 46 et supérieure 48, la branche supérieure 48 comportant à son extrémité libre une patte de maintien 50 perpendiculaire à la branche 48.This means consists of a spring 44 (FIG. 3), in the form of a pin, having two lower 46 and upper 48 branches, the upper branch 48 having at its free end a retaining tab 50 perpendicular to the branch 48.

A la figure 3, on a représenté le ressort 44 en traits pleins à l'état de travail et en traits mixtes la position 48' que présente la branche 48 à l'état libre ou de repos.In Figure 3, there is shown the spring 44 in solid lines in the working state and in broken lines the position 48 'that the branch 48 has in the free or rest state.

Dans le barillet 16 est agencée, en vis-à-vis de l'évidement 28, une rainure longitudinale 52 qui, dans la position de verrouillage du barillet 16, ne se trouve pas dans le prolongement de l'évidement 28 comme représenté en traits pleins (figure 2).In the barrel 16 is arranged, facing the recess 28, a longitudinal groove 52 which, in the locking position of the barrel 16, is not in the extension of the recess 28 as shown in solid lines (Figure 2).

Le fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif est le suivant.The operation of such a device is as follows.

On introduit la lame 34 dans l'évidement radial 28 du corps 10 de la serrure, celui-ci étant de préférence pré-équipé de son barillet 16.The blade 34 is introduced into the radial recess 28 of the body 10 of the lock, the latter preferably being pre-equipped with its barrel 16.

On introduit ensuite les deux branches 46,48 du ressort 44 dans le logement radial 32, puis dans l'ouverture centrale 36 de la lame 34 de manière à ce que la patte de maintien 50 vienne se loger dans le second évidement 30. Dans cette position, représentée en particulier figure 2, la branche 48 du ressort 44 est sous tension et repousse la lame 34 vers l'extérieur du corps 10 tout en la maintenant prisonnière dudit corps par la patte 50.The two branches 46, 48 of the spring 44 are then introduced into the radial housing 32, then into the central opening 36 of the blade 34 so that the retaining tab 50 comes to be housed in the second recess 30. In this position, shown in particular in FIG. 2, the branch 48 of the spring 44 is under tension and pushes the blade 34 towards the outside of the body 10 while keeping it captive of said body by the tab 50.

Avant de mettre en place la serrure dans son support 12, on fait tourner le barillet 16 avec une clé conforme 18 de manière à ce que la rainure longitudinale 52 se trouve dans le prolongement de l'évidement 28 comme représenté en pointillés (figure 2) sous la référence 52'.Before placing the lock in its support 12, the barrel 16 is rotated with a conforming key 18 so that the longitudinal groove 52 is in the extension of the recess 28 as shown in dotted lines (Figure 2) under the reference 52 '.

Lorsque l'on introduit la serrure dans son support, la coopération du pan incliné 42 de la face supérieure 40 de la lame 34 avec la surface intérieure du support 12 oblige la lame 34 à opérer un mouvement de haut en bas sur les figures de manière à ce que la face inférieure 38 de la lame 34 pénètre dans la rainure 52 du barillet 16. La lame 34 occupe alors la position représentée en traits mixtes sur la figure 1.When the lock is introduced into its support, the cooperation of the inclined face 42 of the upper face 40 of the blade 34 with the internal surface of the support 12 forces the blade 34 to operate a movement from top to bottom in the figures so that the lower face 38 of the blade 34 enters the groove 52 of the barrel 16. The blade 34 then occupies the position shown in phantom in FIG. 1.

Lorsque la serrure est introduite dans le support 12, la lame 34 se trouve dans le prolongement d'une lumière radiale 54 ménagée dans ledit support 12.When the lock is introduced into the support 12, the blade 34 is in the extension of a radial lumen 54 formed in said support 12.

La branche 48 du ressort 44 repousse la lame 34 vers le haut de manière à ce qu'elle vienne s'enclencher dans la lumière 54.The branch 48 of the spring 44 pushes the blade 34 upwards so that it comes to engage in the slot 54.

Ces différentes opérations sont facilement auto- matisables et on appréciera en particulier, qu'après mise en place du ressort 44, la lame 34 est auto- maintenue dans le corps 10 notamment pendant l'introduction de la serrure dans son support 12.These various operations are easy to automate and it will be appreciated in particular that, after the spring 44 has been put in place, the blade 34 is self-maintained in the body 10 in particular during the introduction of the lock into its support 12.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas aux formes de réalisation décrites et représentées mais englobe toute variante que l'homme de l'art pourrait y apporter.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown but encompasses any variant that a person skilled in the art could make.

En particulier la réalisation décrite est relative à un antivol à cartouche mais l'invention peut tout aussi bien s'appliquer à tous les types de serrures à barillet, qu'elles soient destinées à un antivol de direction ou tout autre moyen de fermeture, tel qu'un verrou de portière par exemple.In particular, the embodiment described relates to a cartridge lock, but the invention can equally well be applied to all types of cylinder locks, whether they are intended for a steering lock or any other closing means, such as than a door lock for example.

Claims (5)

1) Dispositif de verrouillage d'une serrure dans son support (12), ladite serrure comportant un corps (10) présentant un alésage (14) dans lequel tourillonne un barillet (16), le dispositif comprenant en outre une lame épaisse (34) disposée longitudinalement dans le corps (10) et coulissant radialement dans un premier évidement radial (28) située en vis-à-vis d'une lumière (54) du support (12) sous l'action d'un moyen élastique (44), caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen est constitué d'un ressort en épingle (44) dont l'extrémité libre d'une de ses branches (48) présente une patte de maintien (50).1) device for locking a lock in its support (12), said lock comprising a body (10) having a bore (14) in which a barrel (16) journals, the device further comprising a thick blade (34) disposed longitudinally in the body (10) and sliding radially in a first radial recess (28) located opposite a lumen (54) of the support (12) under the action of an elastic means (44) , characterized in that said means consists of a pin spring (44) whose free end of one of its branches (48) has a retaining tab (50). 2) Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la lame (34) comporte une ouverture centrale (36) en vis-à-vis d'un logement radial (32) du corps (10) destiné au passage des branches (46,48) du ressort (44).2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade (34) has a central opening (36) facing a radial housing (32) of the body (10) intended for the passage of the branches (46 , 48) of the spring (44). 3) Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le corps (10) présente un second évidement radial (30) adjacent au premier évidement radial (28) destiné au logement de la patte de maintien (50) du ressort (44).3) Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the body (10) has a second radial recess (30) adjacent to the first radial recess (28) for housing the retaining lug (50) of the spring (44). 4) Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la lame (34) présente une face supérieure (40) sur laquelle est ménagé un pan incliné (42).4) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade (34) has an upper face (40) on which is formed an inclined face (42). 5) Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, lors de l'introduction de la serrure dans son support (10), la lame (34) pénètre dans une rainure longitudinale (52) du barillet (16), en prolongement de l'évidement (28) pour une position angulaire du barillet (16) différente de la position de verrouillage.5) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, during the introduction of the lock into its support (10), the blade (34) penetrates into a longitudinal groove (52) of the barrel (16) , in extension of the recess (28) for an angular position of the barrel (16) different from the locking position.
EP19930400834 1992-04-08 1993-03-31 Device for fastening a lock in its housing Expired - Lifetime EP0565409B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9204283A FR2689925B1 (en) 1992-04-08 1992-04-08 DEVICE FOR LOCKING A LOCK IN ITS SUPPORT.
FR9204283 1992-04-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0565409A1 true EP0565409A1 (en) 1993-10-13
EP0565409B1 EP0565409B1 (en) 1995-06-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930400834 Expired - Lifetime EP0565409B1 (en) 1992-04-08 1993-03-31 Device for fastening a lock in its housing

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0565409B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69300213T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2075763T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2689925B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0583951A1 (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-02-23 Emhart Inc. Cylinder for door lockset
US7579467B2 (en) 2002-02-07 2009-08-25 Novartis Ag N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivatives

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2027186A (en) * 1929-10-31 1936-01-07 Yale & Towne Mfg Co Lock
DE723037C (en) * 1939-08-05 1942-07-27 Yale & Towne Mfg Co Cylinder lock fastening
FR2465055A1 (en) * 1979-09-10 1981-03-20 Neiman Sa Anti-theft device for cylinder lock - includes strip having projections which releasably engage lock support
FR2632001A1 (en) * 1988-05-24 1989-12-01 Neiman Sa Device for locking a lock in a housing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2027186A (en) * 1929-10-31 1936-01-07 Yale & Towne Mfg Co Lock
DE723037C (en) * 1939-08-05 1942-07-27 Yale & Towne Mfg Co Cylinder lock fastening
FR2465055A1 (en) * 1979-09-10 1981-03-20 Neiman Sa Anti-theft device for cylinder lock - includes strip having projections which releasably engage lock support
FR2632001A1 (en) * 1988-05-24 1989-12-01 Neiman Sa Device for locking a lock in a housing

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0583951A1 (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-02-23 Emhart Inc. Cylinder for door lockset
US7579467B2 (en) 2002-02-07 2009-08-25 Novartis Ag N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivatives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2075763T3 (en) 1995-10-01
DE69300213T2 (en) 1995-11-02
DE69300213D1 (en) 1995-08-03
FR2689925A1 (en) 1993-10-15
FR2689925B1 (en) 1994-05-27
EP0565409B1 (en) 1995-06-28

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