EP0558389B1 - Hydraulic piston pump with inlet valves - Google Patents

Hydraulic piston pump with inlet valves Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0558389B1
EP0558389B1 EP93400434A EP93400434A EP0558389B1 EP 0558389 B1 EP0558389 B1 EP 0558389B1 EP 93400434 A EP93400434 A EP 93400434A EP 93400434 A EP93400434 A EP 93400434A EP 0558389 B1 EP0558389 B1 EP 0558389B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pad
hydraulic pump
pump according
spherical head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93400434A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0558389A1 (en
Inventor
Louis Claude Porel
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Hydro Rene Leduc SA
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Hydro Rene Leduc SA
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Priority claimed from FR9202334A external-priority patent/FR2688034B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9206827A external-priority patent/FR2692008B1/en
Application filed by Hydro Rene Leduc SA filed Critical Hydro Rene Leduc SA
Publication of EP0558389A1 publication Critical patent/EP0558389A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/12Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons
    • F04B53/122Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons the piston being free-floating, e.g. the valve being formed between the actuating rod and the piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/14Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/12Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons
    • F04B53/125Reciprocating valves

Definitions

  • the fourth is that the supply is so improved (while retaining the advantage of hydrostatic balancing) that we can reduce the number of pistons by keeping the same displacement which considerably lowers the cost price of the pump.
  • Each piston 14 is linked in traction with its pad 17, which is held in sliding contact against the face 6a of the bias plate 6 by a plate retainer 19, fixed to the plate 6 by a bolt 21 comprising a shim 18 in order to avoid any blocking of the studs by the retainer plate 19.
  • All of the pumps thus described have the dual characteristic of having a very efficient oil supply device for the bores 9 in the sense that even at high speed, there is no cavitation phenomenon and that the passages open for circulation liquid to the bores 9 are very important; and this while allowing hydrostatic balancing of the support pads against the face of the bias plate.
  • the number of pistons can be reduced while increasing their diameter to have the same displacement, which makes it possible to significantly lower the production cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

Hydraulic piston pump given a reciprocating to-and-fro movement by bearing, by means of a pad, against a cam carried by a drive shaft, characterised in that a device forming a non-return intake valve is built into each piston (14), whilst the delivery pressure is permanently reinjected inside the pad (17), via which the said pad (17) rests on the said cam (6). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne les pompes hydrauliques à pistons, dans lesquelles les pistons sont animés d'un mouvement de va-et-vient par appui sur une came, cette came pouvant avoir toute forme appropriée, en particulier, mais non limitativement, la forme d'un plateau biais.The present invention relates to hydraulic piston pumps, in which the pistons are moved back and forth by pressing on a cam, this cam being able to have any suitable shape, in particular, but not limited to, the shape d 'a bias platter.

Dans ce genre de pompe les pistons peuvent être dits "axiaux", c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont parallèles à l'axe de la pompe ou dits "radiaux", c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont perpendiculaires à l'axe de la pompe et disposés selon des rayons. D'une façon générale les pistons radiaux prennent appui sur une ou plusieurs cames, portées par l'arbre moteur; tandis que les pistons axiaux prennent appui sur un plateau biais, appelé parfois plateau oscillant.In this type of pump the pistons can be said to be "axial", that is to say that they are parallel to the axis of the pump or said to be "radial", that is to say that they are perpendicular to the axis of the pump and arranged along radii. In general, the radial pistons are supported on one or more cams, carried by the motor shaft; while the axial pistons are supported on a bias plate, sometimes called a swash plate.

Il est connu de disposer sur chaque piston un clapet d'aspiration et de disposer, en aval de chaque alésage dans lequel se meut le piston, un clapet de refoulement. Ainsi lorsque le piston est extrait de son alésage, le liquide hydraulique est admis dans ledit alésage à travers ledit piston par un clapet anti-retour intégré au piston et lorsque le piston est enfoncé dans son alésage le liquide en est refoulé.It is known to have a suction valve on each piston and to have, downstream of each bore in which the piston moves, a discharge valve. Thus when the piston is extracted from its bore, the hydraulic fluid is admitted into said bore through said piston by a non-return valve integrated into the piston and when the piston is pressed into its bore the liquid is discharged therefrom.

De telles pompes sont décrites dans le brevet Suisse n° 257.522 (MESSIER) ou le brevet US 2.389.374 (LEVY) ou encore le brevet européen 0.234.006 (ALLIED CORPORATION)Such pumps are described in Swiss patent No. 257,522 (MESSIER) or US patent 2,389,374 (LEVY) or even European patent 0.234.006 (ALLIED CORPORATION)

Le grave inconvénient des pompes de ce genre est que toute la pression de refoulement est appliquée sur les moyens mécaniques qui impriment aux pistons leur mouvement de va et vient. Comme la tendance est d'employer des pompes à faibles débits mais haute pression, les moyens par lesquels les têtes de pistons prennent appui sur le plateau biais sont soumis à des efforts tels que les têtes des pistons glissent mal sur le plateau biais et le détériorent rapidement. On a tenté de pallier cet inconvénient en disposant par exemple une butée à billes en couronne entre le plateau biais et les têtes de pistons (brevet Suisse MESSIER, figure 1); ou bien en disposant une bille entre chaque tête de piston et le plateau biais (Brevet US LEVY). Cependant, ces moyens sont insuffisants et il se produit toujours des grippages et ces pompes ne peuvent pas être utilisées pour de hautes pressions.The serious drawback of pumps of this kind is that all of the discharge pressure is applied to the mechanical means which print the pistons back and forth. As the tendency is to use pumps with low flow rates but high pressure, the means by which the piston heads bear on the bias plate are subjected to forces such that the piston heads slip badly on the bias plate and deteriorate it quickly. We tried to overcome this drawback by having for example a thrust ball bearing between the bias plate and the piston heads (Swiss MESSIER patent, Figure 1); or by placing a ball between each piston head and the bias plate (US LEVY patent). However, these means are insufficient and seizures always occur and these pumps cannot be used for high pressures.

Dans le brevet allemand 1.039.843 (SIAM), on a décrit une disposition permettant de réaliser un équilibrage hydrostatique des moyens par lesquels les têtes de piston reposent contre le plateau biais. Pour cela, on a interposé entre la face du plateau biais et les têtes de pistons des plots d'appui percés en leur centre et on a également percé les pistons : il en résulte que la pression de refoulement est réinjectée à travers le corps et la tête des pistons puis à travers le plot d'appui jusque contre la face du plateau biais et en choisissant de manière appropriée la surface de l'ouverture centrale du plot d'appui, on peut réaliser un équilibrage hydrostatique dudit plot qui glisse sans difficulté sur la face dudit plateau biais.In German patent 1,039,843 (SIAM), an arrangement has been described allowing hydrostatic balancing of the means by which the piston heads rest against the bias plate. For this, we have interposed between the face of the bias plate and the piston heads support pads drilled in their center and we have also drilled the pistons: it follows that the discharge pressure is reinjected through the body and the head of the pistons then through the support pad up against the face of the bias plate and by appropriately choosing the surface of the central opening of the support pad, it is possible to carry out hydrostatic balancing of said pad which slides without difficulty on the face of said bias plate.

Mais cette disposition interdit de disposer un clapet d'aspiration à l'intérieur du piston ; de sorte que depuis 40 ans on est obligé de disposer des moyens particuliers pour réaliser l'introduction du fluide dans les cylindres pendant la phase d'aspiration ; dispositifs dont la position doit être inversée lorsque l'entraînement de la pompe change de sens.However, this provision prohibits having a suction valve inside the piston; so that for 40 years we have been obliged to have special means for carrying out the introduction of the fluid into the cylinders during the suction phase; devices whose position must be reversed when the pump drive changes direction.

Ainsi, dans les pompes fabriquées par la demanderesse chaque piston est creux et repose contre la face du plateau biais par l'intermédiaire d'un plot de glissement qui est traversé de part en part par un logement qui reçoit la tête de piston et par un orifice communiquant avec ce logement. L'admission du liquide dans le piston, lors de la phase d'aspiration, se fait lorsque le plot circule au-dessus d'une rainure ou lunule gravée sur la face du piston : tant que le patin chevauche ladite lunule, le liquide hydraulique se trouvant dans la chambre d'admission dans laquelle se déplace le plateau biais, passe par la lunule, traverse le plot puis le piston qui est creux et arrive dans l'alésage, dans lequel se déplace ledit piston. Lors de la phase de refoulement, le plot glisse sur une partie de la face du plateau biais qui est lisse et ne comporte plus de lunule ; la communication avec la chambre d'alimentation est coupée et le liquide est refoulé. Cette disposition a pour effet que le liquide se trouvant à l'intérieur du plot est toujours à une pression égale à la pression de refoulement et il est donc possible en calculant la largeur de la couronne dudit plot en contact avec la face du plateau en fonction de la section de la tête du piston en appui sur ledit plot de réaliser un équilibrage hydrostatique du plot tel que ce dernier glisse en permanence sur un film d'huile.Thus, in the pumps manufactured by the applicant each piston is hollow and rests against the face of the bias plate by means of a sliding stud which is traversed right through by a housing which receives the piston head and by a orifice communicating with this accommodation. The admission of the liquid into the piston, during the suction phase, takes place when the stud circulates over a groove or lunula engraved on the face of the piston: as long as the pad overlaps said lunula, the hydraulic liquid located in the intake chamber in which the bias plate moves, passes through the lunula, crosses the stud then the piston which is hollow and arrives in the bore, in which the said piston moves. During the delivery phase, the stud slides over a part of the face of the bias plate which is smooth and no longer has a lunula; communication with the supply chamber is cut off and the liquid is discharged. This arrangement has the effect that the liquid inside the pad is always at a pressure equal to the discharge pressure and it is therefore possible by calculating the width of the crown of said pad in contact with the face of the plate as a function of the section of the piston head in abutment on said pad to achieve hydrostatic balancing of the pad such that the latter constantly slides over an oil film.

La résistance à l'usure de telles pompes est remarquable, mais l'obligation de réaliser l'aspiration à travers une lunule et un plot limite leurs performances de manière importante non seulement en ce qui concerne leur débit, mais aussi à cause du fait qu'elles ne peuvent fonctionner que dans un seul sens.The wear resistance of such pumps is remarkable, but the obligation to perform the suction through a lunula and a stud limits their performance significantly not only with regard to their flow rate, but also because of the fact that 'They can only work in one direction.

En ce qui concerne le débit il faut, si l'on veut obtenir une cylindrée importante de la pompe, multiplier les pistons, ce qui revient très cher. Mais on ne peut éviter de se trouver limité en vitesse de rotation, parce que le trajet que doit parcourir l'huile pour arriver à l'intérieur du piston est tel qu'à partir d'une certaine vitesse de rotation le liquide n'arrive plus à circuler assez vite et la pompe se met en cavitation.Regarding the flow, if you want to obtain a large displacement of the pump, multiply the pistons, which is very expensive. But one cannot avoid being limited in speed of rotation, because the path which the oil must travel to arrive inside the piston is such that from a certain speed of rotation the liquid does not arrive more to circulate fast enough and the pump starts cavitation.

En ce qui concerne le fait que ce genre de pompe ne peut fonctionner que dans un seul sens, la demanderesse a proposé dans son brevet français n° 2.394.692 des moyens permettant d'inverser le sens de fonctionnement de ces pompes, mais une telle inversion se fait par intervention manuelle ce qui rend compliqué pour l'utilisateur l'emploi de telles pompes.Regarding the fact that this kind of pump can only work in one direction, the Applicant has proposed in its French patent No. 2,394,692 means for reversing the direction of operation of these pumps, but such reversing is done by manual intervention which makes it complicated for the user to use such pumps.

La présente invention a pour but une pompe hydraulique à piston dans laquelle l'aspiration se fait par l'intermédiaire d'un clapet incorporé à chaque piston tout en réalisant un équilibrage hydrostatique du plot par l'intermédiaire duquel chaque piston prend appui sur la came qui le met en mouvement.The object of the present invention is a hydraulic piston pump in which the suction is done by means of a valve incorporated in each piston while achieving hydrostatic balancing of the stud by through which each piston rests on the cam which sets it in motion.

Dans certains modes de réalisation, le dispositif faisant clapet d'aspiration est situé au niveau de la liaison entre ledit plot et la tête du piston, dans d'autres modes de réalisation le dispositif faisant clapet opposé à la tête du piston, mais dans tous les cas, il y a ré-injection dans le plot de la pression de refoulement.In some embodiments, the device making the suction valve is located at the connection between said stud and the piston head, in other embodiments the device making the valve opposite to the piston head, but in all in cases, there is re-injection into the pad of the discharge pressure.

Cette disposition va procurer un certain nombre d'avantages.This arrangement will provide a number of advantages.

Le premier est que la circulation du fluide dans la phase d'aspiration est tellement simplifié que la pompe n'est plus limitée en ce qui concerne sa vitesse de rotation.The first is that the circulation of the fluid in the suction phase is so simplified that the pump is no longer limited as regards its speed of rotation.

Le deuxième est qu'une telle pompe peut fonctionner indifféremment dans un sens ou dans l'autre.The second is that such a pump can operate indifferently in one direction or the other.

Le troisième est qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir des moyens particuliers pour pouvoir inverser le sens de fonctionnement de la pompe.The third is that it is not necessary to provide special means to be able to reverse the direction of operation of the pump.

Le quatrième est que l'alimentation est tellement améliorée (tout en conservant l'avantage de l'équilibrage hydrostatique) que l'on peut réduire le nombre des pistons en conservant la même cylindrée ce qui abaisse considérablement le prix de revient de la pompe.The fourth is that the supply is so improved (while retaining the advantage of hydrostatic balancing) that we can reduce the number of pistons by keeping the same displacement which considerably lowers the cost price of the pump.

A titre d'exemples non limitatifs et pour faciliter la compréhension de l'invention, on a représenté au dessins annexés :

  • Figure 1, un vue en coupe longitudinale d'un premier exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention;
  • Figure 2, une vue en coupe transversale selon A-A de la figure 1;
  • Figure 3, une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un deuxième exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention;
  • Figure 4, une vue en coupe transversale selon A-A de la figure 3;
  • Figure 5, un vue en coupe longitudinale d'un troisième exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention;
  • Figure 6, une vue en coupe transversale selon A-A de la figure 5;
  • Figure 7, une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un quatrième exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention;
  • Figure 8, une vue en coupe transversale selon A-A de la figure 7;
  • Figure 9, une vue en coupe transversale selon B-B de la figure 7;
  • Figure 10, une vue en coupe transversale selon C-C de la figure 7;
  • Figure 11, une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un cinquième exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention;
  • Figure 12, une vue en coupe transversale selon A-A de la figure 11;
  • Figure 13, une vue en coupe transversale selon B-B de la figure 11,
  • Figure 14, une vue en coupe transversale selon C-C de la figure 11;
  • Figure 15, une vue en coupe transversale selon D-D de la figure 11;
  • Figure 16, une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • Figure 17, une vue à grande échelle d'un détail de la figure 16 comprenant une variante de réalisation.
By way of nonlimiting examples and to facilitate understanding of the invention, the accompanying drawings show:
  • Figure 1, a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2, a cross-sectional view along AA of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3, a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 4, a cross-sectional view along AA of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5, a longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 6, a cross-sectional view along AA of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7, a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 8, a cross-sectional view along AA of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9, a cross-sectional view along BB of Figure 7;
  • Figure 10, a cross-sectional view along CC of Figure 7;
  • Figure 11, a longitudinal sectional view of a fifth example of implementation of the invention;
  • Figure 12, a cross-sectional view along AA of Figure 11;
  • FIG. 13, a cross-sectional view along BB of FIG. 11,
  • Figure 14, a cross-sectional view along CC of Figure 11;
  • Figure 15, a cross-sectional view along DD of Figure 11;
  • Figure 16, a longitudinal sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 17, a large-scale view of a detail of Figure 16 comprising an alternative embodiment.

Toutes ces figures représentent des pompes à pistons axiaux qui sont animés d'un mouvement alternatif de va et vient selon les flèches F₁ et F₂ par un plateau biais.All these figures represent axial piston pumps which are driven in an alternating movement back and forth according to the arrows F₁ and F₂ by a bias plate.

Dans toutes ces pompes, le nombre de pistons est impair, de sorte que sur les figures 1, 3, 5, 7 et 11, on ne devrait voir en coupe que le piston du bas de la figure; cependant, afin de mieux illustrer l'invention, on a décalé la coupe du piston du haut de la figure comme cela est illustré par le trait tireté qui délimite la zone M.In all these pumps, the number of pistons is odd, so that in FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11, one should only see in section the piston at the bottom of the figure; however, in order to better illustrate the invention, the section of the piston has been offset from the top of the figure as illustrated by the dashed line which delimits the area M.

Chacune de ces pompes est en deux parties 1 et 2, la partie 1 portant l'arbre moteur 3 au moyen des roulements 4 et 5, ledit arbre 3 portant le plateau biais 6, qui se débat dans la chambre d'alimentation 7 reliée à l'orifice d'alimentation 8. La partie 2 comporte une pluralité d'alésages cylindriques 9, parallèles à l'axe de l'arbre 3 et disposés tout autour ; chaque alésage 9 comportant en son fond une canalisation 10 qui, à travers un clapet anti-retour de refoulement 11 communique avec une canalisation 12 qui débouche dans l'orifice de sortie 13. Dans chaque alésage 9 est placé un piston 14 qui est en appui contre la face oblique 6a du plateau biais 6 au moyen d'un patin de glissement appelé plot. Chaque piston 14 est lié en traction avec son plot, lequel est maintenu en contact glissant contre la face 6a du plateau biais 6 par une plaque de retenue 19, fixée au plateau 6 par un boulon 21 comportant une cale d'épaisseur 18 afin d'éviter tout blocage des plots par la plaque de retenue 19.Each of these pumps is in two parts 1 and 2, the part 1 carrying the motor shaft 3 by means of the bearings 4 and 5, said shaft 3 carrying the bias plate 6, which struggles in the supply chamber 7 connected to the supply orifice 8. The part 2 comprises a plurality of cylindrical bores 9, parallel to the axis of the shaft 3 and arranged all around; each bore 9 comprising at its bottom a pipe 10 which, through a discharge non-return valve 11 communicates with a pipe 12 which opens into the outlet orifice 13. In each bore 9 is placed a piston 14 which is in abutment against the face oblique 6a of the bias plate 6 by means of a sliding pad called a pad. Each piston 14 is linked in traction with its stud, which is held in sliding contact against the face 6a of the bias plate 6 by a retaining plate 19, fixed to the plate 6 by a bolt 21 comprising a shim 18 in order to avoid blocking of the studs by the retaining plate 19.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation des figures 1 et 2, le piston 14 est creux et associé à un insert 24, de section triangulaire (figure 2) qui peut coulisser à l'intérieur dudit piston 14. Le piston 14 qui est un cylindre creux ouvert à ses deux extrémités 15 et 16 comporte un jonc circulaire 27 qui peut se déplacer dans une rainure circulaire 28, ménagée dans le corps de l'insert 24. La portion de l'insert qui coulisse dans le piston 14 comporte plusieurs nervures ménageant des rainures 26 (trois dans l'exemple représenté). Ledit insert 24 comporte en outre une tête sphérique 23, disposée dans un logement sphérique 22, ménagé dans un plot 17. De manière connue en soit, la tête sphérique 23 comporte un méplat circulaire ménagé au niveau d'un grand cercle perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'insert 24 de sorte qu'il est possible de faire pénétrer la tête sphérique 23 dans son logement 22 lorsque les axes de la tête et du logement coïncident et qu'il ne soit plus possible de l'en faire sortir lorsque ces axes ne coïncident plus : ainsi, l'insert 24 est solidaire en traction du plot 17. Lorsqu'un insert 24 se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F₁, ledit insert coulisse à l'intérieur du piston creux 14 jusqu'à ce que le jonc 27 arrive en butée au fond de la rainure 28 et, à partir de ce moment le piston 14 est lui aussi entraîné selon la flèche F₁. Le mouvement relatif de l'insert 24 et du piston 14 a dégagé la tête sphérique 23 de son appui sur le rebord de l'orifice 16 du piston 14, ce qui permet au liquide hydraulique se trouvant dans la chambre 7 de pénétrer à l'intérieur du piston 14, de le traverser et d'arriver par l'autre orifice 15 du piston 14 dans l'alésage 9. Lorsque l'insert 24 se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F₂, ledit insert coulisse à l'intérieur du piston 14 jusqu'à ce que la tête sphérique 23 vienne en appui contre le rebord de l'orifice 16 du piston, ce qui obture cet orifice et solidarise en poussée l'insert et le piston. Ce dernier se déplace alors lui aussi selon la flèche F₂ et, l'orifice 16 étant obturé, le liquide se trouvant dans l'alésage 9 est refoulé par la canalisation 10 à travers le clapet anti-retour de refoulement 11.In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the piston 14 is hollow and associated with an insert 24, of triangular section (Figure 2) which can slide inside said piston 14. The piston 14 which is a hollow cylinder open at its two ends 15 and 16 comprises a circular rod 27 which can move in a circular groove 28, formed in the body of the insert 24. The portion of the insert which slides in the piston 14 comprises several ribs providing grooves 26 (three in the example shown). Said insert 24 further comprises a spherical head 23, disposed in a spherical housing 22, formed in a stud 17. In a manner known per se, the spherical head 23 comprises a circular flat formed at a large circle perpendicular to the axis of the insert 24 so that it is possible to penetrate the spherical head 23 into its housing 22 when the axes of the head and of the housing coincide and it is no longer possible to remove it when these axes no longer coincide: thus, the insert 24 is integral in traction with the stud 17. When an insert 24 moves in the direction of the arrow F₁, said insert slides inside the hollow piston 14 until the rod 27 comes into abutment at the bottom of the groove 28 and, from this moment the piston 14 is also driven along the arrow F₁. The relative movement of the insert 24 and the piston 14 has released the spherical head 23 from its support on the rim of the orifice 16 of the piston 14, which allows the hydraulic fluid in the chamber 7 to penetrate inside the piston 14, pass through it and arrive via the other orifice 15 of the piston 14 in the bore 9. When the insert 24 moves in the direction of the arrow F₂, said insert slides at inside the piston 14 until the spherical head 23 comes to bear against the rim of the orifice 16 of the piston, which closes this orifice and pushes the insert and the piston together. The latter then also moves along the arrow F₂ and, the orifice 16 being closed, the liquid located in the bore 9 is discharged through the pipe 10 through the discharge non-return valve 11.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 1, la tête 23 de l'insert 24 est traversée de part en part par un perçage 30 qui, d'un côté débouche dans une des trois rainures 26 de l'insert 24 et de l'autre débouche dans un perçage 29 traversant le plot 17 jusqu'au logement 22.As seen in Figure 1, the head 23 of the insert 24 is traversed right through by a bore 30 which, on one side opens into one of the three grooves 26 of the insert 24 and the other opens into a hole 29 passing through the stud 17 to the housing 22.

Il en résulte que la pression régnant dans l'alésage 9 et réinjectée en permanence dans l'orifice 29. Il suffit alors comme cela est connu, de calculer l'épaisseur du rebord circulaire 17' du plot 17 en fonction de la section du piston 14 et de la zone d'appui de la tête sphérique 23 dans son logement 22 pour réaliser un équilibrage hydrostatique du plot 17 de façon à maintenir en permanence un fin film d'huile entre la face 6a du plateau biais et les rebords 17a des plots 17.As a result, the pressure prevailing in the bore 9 and permanently reinjected into the orifice 29. It then suffices, as is known, to calculate the thickness of the circular flange 17 ′ of the stud 17 as a function of the section of the piston 14 and the support zone of the spherical head 23 in its housing 22 to achieve hydrostatic balancing of the pad 17 so as to permanently maintain a thin film of oil between the face 6a of the bias plate and the edges 17a of the pads 17.

On obtient ainsi une pompe à plateau biais dans laquelle les clapets d'aspiration sont incorporés aux pistons, sans lunule d'aspiration gravée sur le plateau biais, mais dans laquelle les plots d'appui des pistons sont équilibrés hydrostatiquement.A pump with a bias plate is thus obtained in which the suction valves are incorporated into the pistons, without a suction ring engraved on the bias plate, but in which the piston support pads are hydrostatically balanced.

Les figures 3 et 4 représentent un deuxième exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention dans lequel les mêmes éléments portent les mêmes références.Figures 3 and 4 show a second example of implementation of the invention in which the same elements have the same references.

Dans cet exemple de réalisation, il n'y a plus d'insert 24 et le piston 14 comporte une tête sphérique 33 qui repose dans le logement sphérique 22 du plot 17. Mais les dimensions respectives dudit logement sphérique 22 et de la tête sphérique 33 du piston 14 sont calculées de façon que ladite tête 33 puisse se déplacer dans son logement 22, sans pouvoir toutefois en sortir.In this exemplary embodiment, there is no longer any insert 24 and the piston 14 has a spherical head 33 which rests in the spherical housing 22 of the stud 17. But the respective dimensions of said spherical housing 22 and of the spherical head 33 of piston 14 are calculated from so that said head 33 can move in its housing 22, without however being able to get out.

Le plot 17 comporte d'autre part des perçages latéraux 35 qui font communiquer le logement 22 avec la chambre 7. La tête 33 du piston 14 est traversée de part en part par un alésage central 34 qui communique avec l'alésage central du piston 14, qui est creux. Lorsque le plot 17 se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F₁, la tête 33 du piston 14 se déplace dans son logement 22, ce qui a pour effet de faire communiquer ledit logement 22 avec la chambre 7 par les perçages 35 ; le liquide se trouvant dans ladite chambre 7 passe alors dans l'alésage 9 par les perçages 35, le logement 22, le perçage 34 et l'intérieur du piston 14. Lorsque le plot 17 se déplace dans l'autre sens, F₂, la tête 33 du piston vient en appui contre le fond de son logement 22 , ce qui obture la communication entre les perçages 35 et ledit logement 22. Le liquide se trouvant dans le perçage 34, à l'intérieur du piston 14 et dans l'alésage 35 ne peut pas refluer dans la chambre 7 et est refoulé à travers le clapet anti-retour 11.The stud 17 also has lateral holes 35 which communicate the housing 22 with the chamber 7. The head 33 of the piston 14 is traversed right through by a central bore 34 which communicates with the central bore of the piston 14 , which is hollow. When the stud 17 moves in the direction of the arrow F₁, the head 33 of the piston 14 moves in its housing 22, which has the effect of making said housing 22 communicate with the chamber 7 by the holes 35; the liquid in said chamber 7 then passes into the bore 9 through the holes 35, the housing 22, the hole 34 and the interior of the piston 14. When the stud 17 moves in the other direction, F₂, the head 33 of the piston bears against the bottom of its housing 22, which closes the communication between the holes 35 and said housing 22. The liquid being in the hole 34, inside the piston 14 and in the bore 35 cannot flow back into the chamber 7 and is discharged through the non-return valve 11.

Comme dans l'exemple précédent, le perçage central 29 du plot 17 est rempli de liquide se trouvant en permanence à la même pression que la pression de refoulement ce qui permet de réaliser un équilibrage hydrostatique de chaque plot 17.As in the previous example, the central bore 29 of the stud 17 is filled with liquid being permanently at the same pressure as the discharge pressure, which allows hydrostatic balancing of each stud 17 to be achieved.

Dans la variante selon les figures 5 et 6, chaque plot 17 est en deux parties : un socle plat 17a qui repose contre la face 6a du plateau biais 6 et une tête sphérique 17b qui s'engage à l'intérieur du piston 14 qui est un cylindre creux ouvert à ses deux extrémités 15 et 16. La partie 14a du piston 14 qui se trouve du côté de l'orifice 16 à un diamètre interne légèrement supérieur à celui du reste 14b du piston, ce qui permet à la partie sphérique 17b du plot 17 de pénétrer dans cette partie 14a jusqu'à venir en butée contre le rebord de la partie 14b. Un jonc circulaire de blocage 36 placé dans la partie 14a du piston 14 empêche ladite partie sphérique 17b de sortir du piston, mais ce jonc 36 est placé à un endroit tel que ladite partie 17b puisse se déplacer entre la position où elle est en appui contre ce jonc 36 et la position où elle est en appui contre le rebord de la partie 14b du piston. La partie 14a est munie de perçages 14c qui se terminent au niveau du rebord de la partie 14b.In the variant according to FIGS. 5 and 6, each stud 17 is in two parts: a flat base 17a which rests against the face 6a of the bias plate 6 and a spherical head 17b which engages inside the piston 14 which is a hollow cylinder open at its two ends 15 and 16. The part 14a of the piston 14 which is on the side of the orifice 16 has an internal diameter slightly greater than that of the rest 14b of the piston, which allows the spherical part 17b of the stud 17 to enter this part 14a until it abuts against the edge of the part 14b. A circular locking ring 36 placed in the part 14a of the piston 14 prevents said spherical part 17b from coming out of the piston, but this rod 36 is placed in a place such that said part 17b can move between the position where it is in abutment against this rod 36 and the position where it is in abutment against the rim of the part 14b of the piston. The part 14a is provided with holes 14c which terminate at the rim of the part 14b.

Lorsque le plot 17 se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F₁, sa partie 17b se déplace par rapport au piston 14 jusqu'à venir en butée contre le jonc 36, ce qui solidarise en traction le piston 14 audit patin. Ce déplacement relatif du plot 17, par rapport au piston 14, permet aux perçages 14c de communiquer avec l'intérieur de la partie 14b du piston 14 et donc au liquide se trouvant dans la chambre 7 d'arriver jusqu'à l'alésage 9. Par contre, lorsque le plot 17 se déplace dans le sens F₂, la partie sphérique 17b dudit plot se déplace dans la partie 14a du piston 14 jusqu'à venir en appui contre le rebord de la partie 14b, ce qui interrompt toute communication entre les perçages 14c et l'intérieur de la partie 14b dudit piston 14 : le liquide se trouvant dans l'alésage 9 ne peut plus refluer dans la chambre 7 et est refoulé à travers le clapet anti-retour 11.When the stud 17 moves in the direction of the arrow F₁, its part 17b moves relative to the piston 14 until it comes into abutment against the rod 36, which secures the piston 14 in traction to said pad. This relative movement of the stud 17, relative to the piston 14, allows the bores 14c to communicate with the interior of the part 14b of the piston 14 and therefore to the liquid in the chamber 7 to reach the bore 9 On the other hand, when the stud 17 moves in the direction F₂, the spherical part 17b of the said stud moves in the part 14a of the piston 14 until it comes to bear against the rim of the part 14b, which interrupts any communication between the holes 14c and the inside of the part 14b of said piston 14: the liquid in the bore 9 can no longer flow back into the chamber 7 and is discharged through the non-return valve 11.

Le plot 17 est traversé de part en part par un perçage 31 qui débouche dans une chambre circulaire 32 ménagée à la base dudit plot dans la partie faisant socle 17a. Cette chambre 32 est ouverte sur la face 6a du plateau 6. Il en résulte que cette chambre 32 est en permanence à la pression de refoulement ce qui permet de réaliser un équilibrage hydrostatique des plots 17.The stud 17 is traversed right through by a bore 31 which opens into a circular chamber 32 formed at the base of the said stud in the part forming the base 17a. This chamber 32 is open on the face 6a of the plate 6. As a result, this chamber 32 is permanently at the discharge pressure, which allows hydrostatic balancing of the pads 17.

Dans la variante selon les figures 7 à 10 et celle des figures 11 à 15, les plots 17 sont identiques à ceux de la figure 1 et chaque piston 14 est muni d'une tête sphérique 37 placée dans le logement sphérique 22 du plot 17 comme la tête sphérique 23 de l'insert 24 de façon à être solidarisé en traction avec ce plot. Chaque piston 14 est plein et comporte, à son extrémité opposée à sa tête sphérique 37 un clapet anti-retour.In the variant according to FIGS. 7 to 10 and that of FIGS. 11 to 15, the studs 17 are identical to those of FIG. 1 and each piston 14 is provided with a spherical head 37 placed in the spherical housing 22 of the stud 17 as the spherical head 23 of the insert 24 so as to be secured in traction with this stud. Each piston 14 is full and has, at its end opposite to its spherical head 37 a non-return valve.

Dans ces deux variantes, l'alimentation se fait par un clapet anti-retour situé à l'arrière du piston, ce clapet étant mis en communication avec une chambre annulaire 39 ménagée sur le piston 14 à environ mi-longueur, laquelle communique avec une chambre centrale 38 d'alimentation ménagée dans le corps de pompe 2 et débouchant dans la chambre 7.In these two variants, the supply is made by a non-return valve situated at the rear of the piston, this valve being placed in communication with an annular chamber 39 formed on the piston 14 at approximately mid-length, which communicates with a central supply chamber 38 formed in the pump body 2 and opening into the chamber 7.

Dans l'exemple des figures 7 à 10 le piston 14, qui est plein, comporte à sa face arrière un prolongement cylindrique 40 qui constitue une tige de guidage pour un clapet 41 dont le plateau circulaire vient obturer une pluralité de perçages parallèles 42 qui mettent en communication l'alésage 9 et la chambre annulaire 39.In the example of FIGS. 7 to 10, the piston 14, which is full, has on its rear face a cylindrical extension 40 which constitutes a guide rod for a valve 41 whose circular plate comes to close off a plurality of parallel bores 42 which put in communication the bore 9 and the annular chamber 39.

Un perçage 43 traverse de part en part le piston 14 de façon à mettre en communication l'alésage 9 et l'orifice central 29 du plot 17 ce qui permet de réaliser un équilibrage hydrostatique dudit plot.A bore 43 passes right through the piston 14 so as to bring the bore 9 and the central orifice 29 of the stud 17 into communication, which allows hydrostatic balancing of said stud.

Dans l'exemple des figures 11 à 15, le piston 14 qui est plein comporte à sa partie arrière une cage 44 dans laquelle se déplace un anneau cylindrique 45 dont la paroi interne 45a est conique. Cet anneau 45 se déplace entre une position dans laquelle il est en appui contre le corps du piston 14 et une deuxième position dans laquelle il est retenu par un circlip ou analogue 46. Lorsque cet anneau 45 est en appui contre le circlip 46, il permet la communication entre des prolongements de la chambre circulaire 39 et l'espace 47 qui se trouve à l'intérieur de la cage 44, espace 47 qui communique avec l'alésage 9 par contre, lorsqu'il est en appui contre le circlip 46, la communication entre la chambre 39 et l'espace 47 est interrompue. Il en résulte que lorsque le piston 14 se déplace selon F₁, le liquide se trouvant dans la chambre 38 (qui est en quelque sorte un prolongement de la chambre 7) passe dans la chambre annulaire 39, puis l'espace 47 et l'alésage 9 ; par contre, lorsque le piston 14 se déplace selon F₂, le liquide se trouvant dans l'enceinte 47 et l'alésage 9 ne peut pas refluer dans la chambre annulaire 39 et est refoulé par la canalisation 10 à travers le clapet anti-retour 11.In the example of FIGS. 11 to 15, the piston 14 which is full has at its rear part a cage 44 in which a cylindrical ring 45 moves, the internal wall 45a of which is conical. This ring 45 moves between a position in which it is in abutment against the body of the piston 14 and a second position in which it is retained by a circlip or the like 46. When this ring 45 is in abutment against the circlip 46, it allows the communication between extensions of the circular chamber 39 and the space 47 which is inside the cage 44, space 47 which communicates with the bore 9 on the other hand, when it is pressed against the circlip 46, the communication between the chamber 39 and the space 47 is interrupted. It follows that when the piston 14 moves along F₁, the liquid in the chamber 38 (which is in a way an extension of the chamber 7) passes into the annular chamber 39, then the space 47 and the bore 9; on the other hand, when the piston 14 moves along F₂, the liquid located in the enclosure 47 and the bore 9 cannot flow back into the annular chamber 39 and is discharged through the pipe 10 through the non-return valve 11 .

Le piston 14 est traversé de part en part par un perçage 43 qui débouche d'une part dans l'orifice central 39 du plot 17 et d'autre part dans l'enceinte 47 de sorte que cet orifice central 39 est en communication avec la pression de refoulement régnant dans l'alésage 9, ce qui permet un équilibrage hydrostatique du plot 17.The piston 14 is traversed right through by a bore 43 which opens on the one hand into the central orifice 39 of the stud 17 and on the other hand into the enclosure 47 so that this central orifice 39 is in communication with the discharge pressure prevailing in bore 9, which allows hydrostatic balancing of stud 17.

Comme dans les exemples de réalisation précédents, la pompe hydraulique représentée aux figures 16 et 17 est en deux parties 1 et 2, la partie 1 portant l'arbre moteur 3 au moyen des roulements 4 et 5, ledit arbre 3 portant le plateau biais 6, qui se débat dans la chambre d'alimentation 7 reliée à l'orifice d'alimentation 8. La partie 2 comporte une pluralité d'alésages cylindriques 9, parallèles à l'axe de l'arbre 3 et disposés tout autour ; chaque alésage 9 comportant en son fond une canalisation 10 qui, à travers un clapet anti-retour de refoulement 11 communique avec une canalisation 12 qui débouche dans l'orifice de sortie 13. Dans chaque alésage 9 est placé un piston 14 qui est en appui contre la face oblique 6a du plateau biais 6 au moyen d'un patin de glissement appelé plot 17. Chaque piston 14 est lié en traction avec son plot 17, lequel est maintenu en contact glissant contre la face 6a du plateau biais 6 par une plaque de retenue 19, fixée au plateau 6 par un boulon 21 comportant une cale d'épaisseur 18 afin d'éviter tout blocage des plots par la plaque de retenue 19.As in the previous embodiments, the hydraulic pump shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 is in two parts 1 and 2, part 1 carrying the motor shaft 3 by means of the bearings 4 and 5, said shaft 3 carrying the bias plate 6 , which struggles in the supply chamber 7 connected to the supply orifice 8. The part 2 comprises a plurality of cylindrical bores 9, parallel to the axis of the shaft 3 and arranged all around; each bore 9 comprising at its bottom a pipe 10 which, through a discharge check valve 11 communicates with a pipe 12 which opens into the outlet orifice 13. In each bore 9 is placed a piston 14 which is in abutment against the oblique face 6a of the bias plate 6 by means of a sliding pad called pad 17. Each piston 14 is linked in traction with its pad 17, which is held in sliding contact against the face 6a of the bias plate 6 by a plate retainer 19, fixed to the plate 6 by a bolt 21 comprising a shim 18 in order to avoid any blocking of the studs by the retainer plate 19.

Chaque piston 14 comporte une tête sphérique 37, qui repose dans un logement 22 ménagé dans le plot 17.Each piston 14 has a spherical head 37, which rests in a housing 22 formed in the stud 17.

De façon analogue à ce qui a été décrit précédemment, la tête sphérique 37 comporte un méplat circulaire ménagé au niveau d'un grand cercle perpendiculaire à l'axe de piston, de sorte qu'il est possible de faire pénétrer la tête sphérique 37 dans son logement 22 lorsque les axes de la tête et du logement coïncident et qu'il ne soit plus possible de l'en faire sortir lorsque ces axes ne coïncident plus : ainsi, la tête 37 du piston 14 est solidaire en traction du plot 17.Analogously to what has been described above, the spherical head 37 has a circular flat formed at a large circle perpendicular to the piston axis, so that it is possible to penetrate the spherical head 37 into its housing 22 when the axes of the head and of the housing coincide and it is no longer possible to bring it out when these axes no longer coincide: thus, the head 37 of the piston 14 is integral in traction with the stud 17.

Le piston 14 est un piston creux muni d'une tête sphérique 37 qui est traversé de part en part par une canalisation 43. Cette canalisation 43 débouche d'un côté dans l'alésage 14a du piston 14 et d'autre part dans le volume creux situé à l'intérieur du plot 17 et constitué par le logement sphérique 22 et le perçage 29.The piston 14 is a hollow piston provided with a spherical head 37 which is traversed right through by a pipe 43. This pipe 43 opens on one side into the bore 14a of the piston 14 and on the other hand into the volume hollow located inside the stud 17 and constituted by the spherical housing 22 and the bore 29.

A l'extrémité de l'alésage interne 14a qui est situé du côté opposé de son extrémité 15 est disposé un anneau cylindrique 45 dont la paroi interne 45a est conique. Cet anneau 45 se déplace entre une position dans laquelle il est en appui contre le fond de l'alésage 14a, là ou débouche la canalisation 43 et une deuxième position dans laquelle il est retenu par un circlip 46.At the end of the internal bore 14a which is situated on the opposite side from its end 15 is disposed a cylindrical ring 45 whose internal wall 45a is conical. This ring 45 moves between a position in which it bears against the bottom of the bore 14a, there where the pipe 43 opens and a second position in which it is retained by a circlip 46.

Le piston creux 14 comporte, à son extrémité opposée à son extrémité 15, c'est-à-dire au voisinage de sa tête sphérique 37 une pluralité de perçages 48, qui débouchent dans la partie 47 de l'alésage 14a dudit piston 14 dans laquelle peut se déplacer l'anneau 45.The hollow piston 14 comprises, at its end opposite to its end 15, that is to say in the vicinity of its spherical head 37, a plurality of holes 48, which open out in the part 47 of the bore 14a of said piston 14 in which can move the ring 45.

Lorsque l'anneau 45 est en appui contre le circlip 46, il permet la communication entre la chambre d'alimentation 7 et l'alésage 14a; lorsque cet anneau est en appui contre le fond 14b dudit alésage 14a, il obture les passages 48.When the ring 45 is in abutment against the circlip 46, it allows communication between the supply chamber 7 and the bore 14a; when this ring is in abutment against the bottom 14b of said bore 14a, it closes the passages 48.

On voit donc que dans la phase d'aspiration (mouvement selon F₁) le liquide hydraulique se trouvant dans la chambre 7 pénètre à l'intérieur du piston creux 14 et que dans la phase de refoulement (mouvement selon F₂) le liquide hydraulique ne pouvant plus retourner dans la chambre 7 est refoulé par le perçage 10 à travers le clapet de refoulement 11, la canalisation 12 et l'orifice de sortie 13.It can therefore be seen that in the suction phase (movement along F₁) the hydraulic fluid in the chamber 7 penetrates inside the hollow piston 14 and that in the delivery phase (movement along F₂) the hydraulic liquid cannot no longer return to the chamber 7 is discharged by the bore 10 through the discharge valve 11, the pipe 12 and the outlet orifice 13.

La figure 17 est à échelle agrandie une vue partielle du piston 14, de sa tête 37 et du clapet d'aspiration 45.FIG. 17 is on an enlarged scale a partial view of the piston 14, of its head 37 and of the suction valve 45.

Selon cette variante de réalisation l'anneau 45 d'aspiration n'est plus libre de se déplacer entre la position (fermée) où il repose contre le fond 14b de l'alésage 14a du piston 14 et une position (ouverte) où il repose contre le circlip 46; mais il est contretenu par un ressort 49 vers la position fermée. Cependant, le ressort 49 ne maintient pas l'anneau 45 en appui contre le fond 14b de l'alésage 14a. En effet, le ressort 49 est disposé entre une butée 50 et un épaulement 51 ménagé à l'intérieur de l'alésage 14a et dont la largeur est égale à environ la moitié de la dernière spire 49a du ressort 49. L'anneau 45 comporte un épaulement 53 ayant également une largeur égale à environ la moitié de la largeur de la dernière spire 49a. Lorsque le clapet d'aspiration s'ouvre, c'est-à-dire lorsque l'anneau 45 se déplace vers la droite sur la figure 17, l'épaulement 53 vient en contact avec la spire 49a et le ressort est comprimé. En sens inverse le ressort 49 repousse l'anneau 45 jusqu'à venir en appui contre l'épaulement 51. Comme cela est représenté à la figure 17, lorsque l'anneau 45 repose contre le fond 14b de l'alésage 14, il y a un décalage "e" entre les épaulements 51 et 53, la distance "e" étant comprise entre 0,10 et 0,15 millimètres : il en résulte que l'anneau 45 peut se débattre librement sur cette distance sans être influencé par le ressort 49.According to this variant embodiment the suction ring 45 is no longer free to move between the (closed) position where it rests against the bottom 14b of the bore 14a of the piston 14 and a (open) position where it rests against circlip 46; but it is constrained by a spring 49 towards the closed position. However, the spring 49 does not keep the ring 45 in abutment against the bottom 14b of the bore 14a. Indeed, the spring 49 is disposed between a stop 50 and a shoulder 51 formed inside the bore 14a and whose width is equal to about half of the last turn 49a of the spring 49. The ring 45 has a shoulder 53 also having a width equal to about half the width of the last turn 49a. When the suction valve opens, that is to say when the ring 45 moves to the right in FIG. 17, the shoulder 53 comes into contact with the turn 49a and the spring is compressed. In the opposite direction, the spring 49 pushes the ring 45 until it comes to bear against the shoulder 51. As shown in FIG. 17, when the ring 45 rests against the bottom 14b of the bore 14, there has an offset "e" between the shoulders 51 and 53, the distance "e" being between 0.10 and 0.15 millimeters: it follows that the ring 45 can freely move over this distance without being influenced by the spring 49.

Cette disposition permet un amorçage facile de la pompe, lorsqu'elle doit pomper de l'air avant d'être amorcée.This arrangement allows easy priming of the pump, when it has to pump air before being primed.

Toutes les pompes ainsi décrites présentent la double caractéristique d'avoir un dispositif d'alimentation en huile des alésages 9 très performants en ce sens que même à grande vitesse, il n'y a aucun phénomène de cavitation et que les passages ouverts pour la circulation du liquide vers les alésages 9 sont très importants ; et cela tout en permettant d'avoir un équilibrage hydrostatique des plots d'appui contre la face du plateau biais. Il en résulte qu'aux avantages mentionnés précédemment, s'ajoute le fait que l'on peut réduire le nombre de pistons tout en augmentant leur diamètre pour avoir la même cylindrée, ce qui permet d'abaisser de façon non négligeable le coût de production, ce qui est un avantage essentielle pour un produit destiné à être fabriqué en série. On peut par exemple avoir des pompes ne comportant que seulement trois pistons tout en ayant une cylindrée importante et une vitesse de rotation de 2.000 t/mn et plus.All of the pumps thus described have the dual characteristic of having a very efficient oil supply device for the bores 9 in the sense that even at high speed, there is no cavitation phenomenon and that the passages open for circulation liquid to the bores 9 are very important; and this while allowing hydrostatic balancing of the support pads against the face of the bias plate. As a result, to the advantages mentioned above, there is the fact that the number of pistons can be reduced while increasing their diameter to have the same displacement, which makes it possible to significantly lower the production cost. , which is an essential advantage for a product intended to be mass produced. One can for example have pumps having only three pistons while having a large displacement and a rotation speed of 2,000 rpm and more.

Dans ce qui précède, les exemples décrits concernent des pompes à pistons axiaux prenant appui sur un plateau biais, mais les dispositions décrites sont directement transposables, sans le moindre effort d'adaptation aux pompes à pistons radiaux prenant appui sur une came portée par l'arbre moteur.In the foregoing, the examples described relate to axial piston pumps supported on a bias plate, but the arrangements described are directly transposable, without any effort adaptation to radial piston pumps supported by a cam carried by the motor shaft.

Claims (23)

  1. An hydraulic pump having pistons driven in a reciprocatory movement and bearing, by the intermediary of a pad, against a cam carried by a drive shaft, a device acting as a non-return supply valve being incorporated in each piston (14); and in which the delivery pressure is permanently re-injected to the interior of the pad (17) by which the piston (14) bears on the cam (6).
  2. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 1, in which the supply device acting as a non-return valve is disposed at the end of the piston (14) cooperating with its bearing pad (17).
  3. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 2, in which the supply device acting as a non-return valve is disposed at the end of the piston (14) opposite to that which cooperates with its bearing pad (17).
  4. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 2, characterised by the fact that it includes an insert (24) of which one portion slides within the piston (14) which is a hollow cylinder open at its two ends (15, 16) and of which the other portion is a spherical part (23) disposed in a spherical housing (22) formed in a pad (17), the piston (14) and the insert (24) being movable one with respect to the other between a first position for which the spherical head of the insert blocks the corresponding opening (16) of the hollow piston (14) by bearing against this piston and a second position for which the spherical head (23) unblocks this opening (16), the insert (24) being connected for pulling with the hollow piston (14); the spherical head (23) of the insert (24) having therethrough a passage (30) which communicates with the delivery pressure of the pump and with a central passage (29) of the pad (17) which enables a hydrostatic balance of the pad (17) to be achieved.
  5. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 4, in which the part of the insert (24) which slides within the hollow piston (14) includes a circular groove (28) within which moves a ring (27) connected to the piston (14) in such a manner that the latter is connected for pulling with the piston when the ring (27) arrives in abutment with the bottom of the groove (28).
  6. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 4, in which the part of the insert which slides within the piston (14) includes several grooves (26) permitting the circulation of the liquid from within the hollow piston.
  7. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 2, in which the piston (4) is hollow and includes a spherical head (33) through which extends a passage (34), this spherical head resting with play in a spherical housing (22) of a pad (17) without being able to leave the housing, so as to be able to move with respect to the pad (17) between a first position in which it bears against the bottom of its housing (22) and a second position in which it is spaced from the bottom of the housing but connected for pulling with the pad (17).
  8. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 7, in which each pad (17) includes passages (35) which provide communication between the housing (22) and the supply chamber (7) in which the cam (6) moves in such a manner that when the spherical head (33) is in the first position, the communication between the lateral passages and the housing is interrupted; whilst it is established in the second position.
  9. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 8, in which the central passage (34) of the spherical head (33) opens into the central passage (29) of the pad (17) in such a manner that this central passage (29) is permanently at the same pressure as the delivery pressure.
  10. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 2, in which the piston (14) is a hollow cylinder open at its two ends (15, 16), the end adjacent the pad (17) having a portion (14a) with an enlarged internal diameter into which is introduced the spherical head (17b) of a sliding pad (17), this spherical head (17b) being movable between two positions : a first position in which it bears against the edge (14b) of the portion of the piston (14) of which the diameter is not enlarged and a second position in which it is disengaged from the portion (14b) of the piston but connected for pulling with the piston by means of a locking ring (36) disposed in the portion (14a) of the piston.
  11. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 10, in which the portion (14a) of the hollow piston (14) into which the spherical head of the pad (17) is introduced includes passages (14c) which end in the region of the edge of the portion (14b); in such a manner that, when the spherical head (17b) is in its first position, the communication between the passages (14c) and the interior of the portion (14b) of the piston is interrupted and that it is re-established when the spherical head (17b) of the pad (17) is in its second position.
  12. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 11, in which the bearing pad (17) includes a base (17a) provided with a circular chamber (32) open at the face (6a) of the cam (6), the pad (17) having a through passage (31) such that the circular chamber (32) is in communication with the delivery pressure.
  13. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 3, in which each piston (14) is a solid piston and includes, on the one hand, a spherical head (37) which rests in a spherical housing (22) of a sliding pad (17) with which it is connected for pulling and, on the other hand, at its other end, a non-return valve (40, 45) which is placed in communication, by an annular chamber (39) situated about half way along the piston, with a central supply chamber (38) formed in the body (2) of the pump and opening into the chamber (7).
  14. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 13, in which each piston has a through passage (43) placing the bore (9) of the piston (14) in communication with the central opening (39) of the sliding pad (17).
  15. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 14, in which the non-return valve disposed at the end of the piston (14) is constituted by a plurality of parallel passages (42) which place the annular chamber (39) in communication with the bore (9) and which can be blocked by the circular plate of a circular valve (41) which slides on a cylindrical extension (40) constituting a guide rod for the valve.
  16. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 14, in which the non-return valve disposed at the end of the piston (14) is constituted by a movable cylindrical ring (45) which moves within a cage (44) between two positions in which it opens or closes the communication between the annular chamber (39) and the interior (47) of the cage (44).
  17. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 16, in which the supply device acting as a non-return valve is disposed within the piston (14) which is hollow.
  18. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 17, in which the piston (14) includes a bore (14a) and a spherical head (37) which rest in a spherical housing (22) formed in a sliding pad (17) with which it is connected for pulling, the spherical head having therethrough a passage (43) which conducts the delivery pressure to the interior of the sliding pad (17).
  19. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 18, in which the piston is provided, at the bottom of its bore (14a), with openings (48) which permit the bore (4a) to communicate with the supply chamber (7) in which the oscillating plate (6) moves with reciprocating effect.
  20. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 19, in which the communication openings (48) are open or closed by a valve constituted by a ring (45) which moves between one position where it abuts against the bottom (14b) of the bore (14a) and another where it rests against a circlip (46).
  21. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 19, in which the communication openings (48) are open or closed by a valve constituted by a ring (45) which moves between a closed position where it abuts against the bottom (14b) of the bore (14a) and an open position where it is withdrawn therefrom; the ring being associated with a spring (49) which returns it towards the closed position, means being disposed such that the action of the spring (49) on the ring (45) is interrupted at a distance "e" from the closed position.
  22. An hydraulic pump according to Claim 20, in which the distance "e" is of the order of 0.10 to 0.15 millimetres.
  23. An hydraulic pump according to Claims 21 and 22, in which the spring (49) bears on the ring (45) by means of a shoulder (53) formed on the latter and is stopped by a shoulder (51) formed within the piston (14), the spacing between the shoulders (51) and (53) being equal to "e".
EP93400434A 1992-02-28 1993-02-19 Hydraulic piston pump with inlet valves Expired - Lifetime EP0558389B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9202334A FR2688034B1 (en) 1992-02-28 1992-02-28 IMPROVEMENT WITH PISTON HYDRAULIC PUMPS PROVIDED WITH SUCTION VALVE.
FR9202334 1992-02-28
FR9206827 1992-06-05
FR9206827A FR2692008B1 (en) 1992-06-05 1992-06-05 IMPROVEMENT WITH PISTON HYDRAULIC PUMPS PROVIDED WITH SUCTION VALVES.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0558389A1 EP0558389A1 (en) 1993-09-01
EP0558389B1 true EP0558389B1 (en) 1996-01-10

Family

ID=26229295

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93400434A Expired - Lifetime EP0558389B1 (en) 1992-02-28 1993-02-19 Hydraulic piston pump with inlet valves

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5354181A (en)
EP (1) EP0558389B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE132942T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2090715A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69301254T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2085120T3 (en)

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FR2794812B1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2003-02-21 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa HIGH PRESSURE PUMP WITH IMPROVED HUB
DE10027425A1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-06 Zf Batavia Llc Radial piston pump, e.g. lubricant pump in internal combustion engine, has connecting bore to eccentric drive element chamber in base of piston controlled by excess pressure valve
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US20100050627A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Bryan Edward Nelson Hydraulic circuit with variable displacement flow divider
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69301254T2 (en) 1996-08-22
ES2085120T3 (en) 1996-05-16
ATE132942T1 (en) 1996-01-15
DE69301254D1 (en) 1996-02-22
US5354181A (en) 1994-10-11
EP0558389A1 (en) 1993-09-01
CA2090715A1 (en) 1993-08-29

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