EP0549501A1 - Stapelbares Bauelement, mit nicht-sichtbarer Lagerfuge - Google Patents

Stapelbares Bauelement, mit nicht-sichtbarer Lagerfuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0549501A1
EP0549501A1 EP19920460036 EP92460036A EP0549501A1 EP 0549501 A1 EP0549501 A1 EP 0549501A1 EP 19920460036 EP19920460036 EP 19920460036 EP 92460036 A EP92460036 A EP 92460036A EP 0549501 A1 EP0549501 A1 EP 0549501A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
platform
blocks
edges
side walls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19920460036
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0549501B1 (de
Inventor
Didier Quazzo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guenee Sa Conseil D'aministratio Ets
Quazzo Didier
Original Assignee
Guenee Sa Conseil D'aministration Ets
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guenee Sa Conseil D'aministration Ets filed Critical Guenee Sa Conseil D'aministration Ets
Publication of EP0549501A1 publication Critical patent/EP0549501A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0549501B1 publication Critical patent/EP0549501B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stackable building block, with a non-visible laying joint, for example a block of molded concrete.
  • Traditional building blocks used to erect a wall, for example for the construction of a house, have the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with or without internal cells delimited by partitions.
  • the blocks of the same row that is to say located at the same level, are placed end to end with intercalation between their end faces of a curable binder, generally mortar.
  • the rows are stacked on top of each other, with a block offset in the longitudinal direction, which generally corresponds to a half block length.
  • a binder such as a mortar is interposed between the rows.
  • each block is therefore surrounded by a binder, both on its end faces (ends) and on its upper and lower faces.
  • This binder therefore forms visible joints which, in certain cases, can alter the aesthetics of the construction.
  • the joint also constitutes a bridge between the external and internal faces of the wall, allowing the passage of moisture by capillary action.
  • the manufacture of the wall requires qualified masonry personnel, and the time necessary for construction is relatively long, not only because of the time taken by the placement of the mortar, the setting of the block, that is to say to say its exact positioning according to the three spatial directions, but also of that necessary by the finishing of the joints.
  • Another advantage of such a construction lies in the fact that the surface appearance of the construction, with no visible joint, is significantly improved compared to traditional constructions.
  • the construction is less exposed to the problems mentioned above of cracking and uncontrolled physicochemical reactions since, in addition to the constituent material of the block (with the exception, if necessary, of means of centering hidden inside the block) no other material is not used.
  • the chimney stacks not used to receive posts constitute inside the wall of the ducts ensuring a air circulation which is interesting to reduce the nuisance caused by humidity.
  • a dry assembly block of the breeze block type, having a length of 45 cm, which lends itself well to handling both on a pallet and manually.
  • This block is intended to be offset from those of the underlying row by a distance corresponding to one third of its length, that is to say 15 cm.
  • the width of the block is therefore 15 cm.
  • the slenderness of a construction that is to say its height between floors, cannot exceed twenty times its width. In the present case, the slenderness is therefore limited to 3 m, whereas it would often be desirable to obtain a greater height between floors, for example 4 m.
  • This example therefore shows a drawback of the principle of modularity of the block.
  • the aim of the present invention is to propose a building block, for example a concrete block, which retains the advantages of the traditional technique of laying, with binder, and of the technique with mechanical interlocking, without visible joint, this without taking up the disadvantages.
  • a first objective of the invention is therefore to eliminate the modular nature of the block.
  • Another objective is to preserve the monolithic character of the constructed wall.
  • Another objective is to allow construction that does not necessarily require specialized personnel, while limiting the time necessary for construction.
  • Another objective finally of the invention is to preserve the aesthetic properties of the constructed wall, without visible joints.
  • the mutual spacing of said platform and the lower end of the tongue-shaped element being slightly less than the height of the block, so that when the block is placed on a row of underlying blocks, the platforms have been covered with a layer of binder, the end part of the tongue-shaped element is inserted therein, but without bearing on the platform (s) under - adjacent (s).
  • the central bonding by binder being obtained by means of a tongue, that is to say by means of a projecting element, which sinks into the mass of binder before it sets, so that in this zone a rigid connection, mechanically resistant, and ensuring the monolithic nature of the construction, while being assured that the direct mutual contact of the blocks is made exclusively by the edges of the side walls.
  • the tongue is a partition which not only makes the connection with the mortar, but also constitutes a mechanical element involved in the resistance of the block (and of the construction).
  • the blocks shown in the drawings are concrete blocks made by molding. These are hollow blocks of general rectangular parallelepiped shape. They have for example a length of 50 cm, a width of 20 cm and a height of 20 cm.
  • the block 1 shown in Figures 1 to 5 comprises two side walls 3 arranged vertically.
  • the block 1 is symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal vertical plane Q.
  • the central part 2 is formed by an upper part 20 in the form of a platform (facing face) and by two vertical partitions 21 parallel to the walls 3, that is to say extending longitudinally, parallel to the plane Q.
  • the partitions 21 form tabs, or legs, directed downwards, the end faces of which are arranged horizontally, are referenced 210.
  • the transverse partitions 4 delimit, between each partition 21 and the corresponding wall 3, a series of three identical cells 41 which open freely downwards.
  • openings 40 which border on each of its sides the platform 20.
  • the latter has a width substantially greater than that of the two tongues 21, so that the openings 40 are slots wider than the cells 41.
  • Between the two legs 21 is provided a similar partitioning which delimits cells 23.
  • the platform 20 has a longitudinal groove 200, extending from one end to the other of the platform.
  • the section of this groove is identical to that of the openings 40, which allows the same profiles to be used in the molds for their manufacture.
  • the distance - seen in the direction of the height of the block - which separates the upper face of the platform 20 from the lower edges 210 of the tongues or lugs 21 is slightly less than the height H of the block.
  • the face 20 is in the same plane as the upper edges of the walls 3.
  • the edges 210 are higher, that is to say set back at the inside the block, with respect to the plane P containing the lower edges 31 of the walls 3.
  • the difference d between H and h is for example 15 mm.
  • the edges 30 and 31 of the side walls 3 have a significantly better flatness and surface condition than those of the rest of the block.
  • it may be provided, after demoulding of the block, a machining carrying out a surface rectification of the edges 30 and 31, for example using a grinding device.
  • this correction is such that the difference tolerated for each point of the edges remains within the limit of 1.5 mm relative to a reference surface.
  • the end faces of the block 1, or abutments, have interlocking profiles of a type known per se. These profiles have contours which, seen from above, have raised parts - or male - 5 and recessed parts - or female - 6.
  • the male and female profiles 5a, respectively 6a of one of the ends are complementary to the female profiles 6b and, respectively, male 5b of the other butt, so that it is possible to fit end to end a series of concrete blocks 1 of the same row.
  • Profiles 1, as is well known have a shaped contour general of V which realizes a centering at the same time as the nesting.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the end-to-end assembly, and dry, of three blocks.
  • the ends of the blocks are shaped so as to provide between the interlocking profiles of the half-openings; after joining the two blocks, these form openings with closed outline 7, opening both upwards and downwards, and allowing, if necessary, the pouring of a binder, for example a cement or a mortar.
  • a binder for example a cement or a mortar.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show how a block is placed on an underlying row of blocks, and fixed to it by means of a binder.
  • the operator deposits on the platforms 20 blocks of the row already placed a layer of binder 8, such as mortar.
  • a layer of binder 8 such as mortar.
  • the mortar is deposited on a foundation plinth, for example on a concrete screed.
  • the block is placed on this row, with a longitudinal offset, for example corresponding to a half-length of concrete block, the block consequently coming astride two concrete blocks.
  • the operator places the block 1 in alignment with the underlying block, directly above it, so that it comes to bear by the lower edges 31 of its side walls 3 on the upper edges 30 of the side walls of the underlying concrete blocks.
  • the projecting elements 21 in the form of tongues penetrate, through their lower part, inside the binder layer 8, and are therefore coated therein. If necessary, the excess binder on the platform 20 is removed laterally; this is not a problem, this excess being able to flow freely via the openings 40 in the cells 41, as is symbolized by the arrows G in FIG. 5.
  • connection is further improved thanks to the presence of the groove 200, which increases the resistance of the mortar joint to lateral forces.
  • This groove can also be used if necessary for the installation of a reinforcing iron.
  • the laying operation can be done very simply and very quickly. There is in fact no particular precaution to take when depositing the binder on the platform 20, since this binder will be invisible after assembly. The possible overflow is evacuated naturally through the openings 40, without risk of reaching the connecting surfaces 30 and 31; the latter are therefore necessarily clean, protected from a binder deposit.
  • the wall is perfectly free of joints, it retains a monolithic character thanks to the continuous connection between the rows ensured by the presence of binder 8. All the drawbacks linked to the non-monolithic character of constructions using blocks dry interlocking are therefore eliminated, in particular those relating to air or water vapor permeability, and poor sound insulation.
  • the construction has improved sound insulation characteristics insofar as the compact central part of the wall will form a barrier at certain sound frequencies, while on either side of this central part , the walls 3 supported cantilevered by the transverse partitions 4 constitute vibrating elements capable of absorbing certain sounds whose frequency corresponds to their resonant frequency.
  • the blocks communicate with each other by the cells 41 and the openings 40.
  • FIG. 7 the stack of concrete blocks represented corresponds to a house wall whose roof very schematically and partially represented is designated T ; the exterior and interior spaces of the house are referenced E and I.
  • the building blocks of the upper row of the wall could for this have a particular structure: platform extending over the entire width of the block (to receive the poured concrete floor), and channels provided in the partitioning to ensure communication of air gaps across the center tabs.
  • the openings 40 which border the central platform of the block are used if necessary to convey the excess mortar and to evacuate it inside the recesses 41.
  • these openings also border the bearing surfaces blocks between them (support edges 30, 31), the moisture likely to penetrate between these surfaces, especially on the outside of the wall, also flows inside these cavities, without being able to reach the other side .
  • the mortar constituting the joints serves as a bridge and by capillary action transfers moisture from one face to the other of the wall.
  • the block 1 ′ in FIG. 8 is quite similar to that which has just been described, with the difference that it does not have two tongue-shaped elements which are embedded by its lower part in the binders placed on the underlying block, but a single element 21 'in the form of a tongue.
  • the lower face 210 ′ of this tongue is set back relative to the lower edges 31 ′ of the side walls 3 ′ of the block.
  • the central part 2 is connected to the side walls 3 'by partitions 4' which delimit, as in the previous example, cells 41 '. These communicate with the edges of the platform 20 ′ by openings 40 ′ allowing the evacuation of the surplus of binder.
  • the block 1 '' comprises a central part also provided with two elements 21 '' in the form of tongues.
  • the platform 20 '' which is set back, that is to say offset downward, by a distance e relative to the plane containing the upper edges 30 ''.
  • the ends 210 '' of the tongues are in the same plane P as the lower edge 31 '' of the side walls 3 ''.
  • Figure 10 shows a block according to the invention, but consisting of two parts 1A and 1B separated by a zone 101 of less resistance.
  • This zone includes a groove 100 containing the transverse vertical plane S of the block.
  • One end, in this case the one designated 1b in Figure 10 has a nesting profile identical to that of the standard block.
  • the other about la has only small vertical notches 6c.
  • this butt can be used as the end face of the wall. If necessary, it can nevertheless be used to position the protruding elements of a standard block abutment.
  • the block shown in Figure 11 is a corner block, which can also be split into two parts if necessary.
  • One of the two parts is crossed from top to bottom by an opening 9 of square shape.
  • Blocks of this type are intended to be stacked, with 90 ° offset from one row to another, at the corner of a building, that is to say at the intersection of two walls.
  • the openings 9 are superimposed, forming a vertical chimney of square section in which it is possible to pour a corner post, for example of concrete.
  • the part 1D of the element which has this opening 9 is advantageously provided on its three faces with a pair of notches 6c similar to those of the block of FIG.
  • the block structure according to the invention can also be implemented for the production of a facing wall thanks to the quality of the joints obtained.
  • the invention is not limited to a block constituted by a concrete block. It can be extended to other materials and other applications, for example to terracotta bricks used for the production of an interior partition in a dwelling.
  • the binder used for the internal connection of the blocks may be plaster.
  • a block consisting of a concrete block it has a width of 20 cm, a height of 20 cm and a length of 40 cm; the central part has two longitudinal partitions (tongues) separated by a recess of relatively large width, for example of the order of 8 cm. Their thickness is of the order of 2 cm.
  • the central tabs are connected by four transverse partitions, namely two end partitions and two central partitions whose mutual spacing corresponds to the mutual spacing of the end partitions of two neighboring blocks fitted one inside the other.
  • each transverse partition comes to be positioned perfectly in line with a transverse partition of the adjoining layer, which further increases the mechanical strength of the together.
  • the block is breakable in the middle, the separation being made transversely between the two central transverse partitions.
  • the air knobs mentioned above are very far apart from each other, so that there is no communication in the transverse direction between the two air spaces via the vertical seal, when such a seal is provided. We can thus obtain a perfect seal of the central part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Special Chairs (AREA)
  • Invalid Beds And Related Equipment (AREA)
EP92460036A 1991-12-20 1992-12-14 Stapelbares Bauelement, mit nicht-sichtbarer Lagerfuge Expired - Lifetime EP0549501B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9116151 1991-12-20
FR9116151A FR2685371B1 (fr) 1991-12-20 1991-12-20 Bloc de construction empilable, a joint de pose non apparent.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0549501A1 true EP0549501A1 (de) 1993-06-30
EP0549501B1 EP0549501B1 (de) 1997-03-12

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ID=9420508

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92460036A Expired - Lifetime EP0549501B1 (de) 1991-12-20 1992-12-14 Stapelbares Bauelement, mit nicht-sichtbarer Lagerfuge

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0549501B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE150122T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69218163D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2685371B1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005019560A1 (fr) * 2003-07-28 2005-03-03 Pierre Clement Bloc pour paroi bio climatique
FR2870272A1 (fr) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-18 Edward Bazela Parpaing ventile
FR2887906A1 (fr) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-05 Yannick Cruaud Procede de montage de blocs beton pour la construction d'un ouvrage tel qu'un mur de batiment, muret de cloture ou autre
NL2002043C (nl) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-18 Kronimus Ag Metselsteen uit beton alsmede bouwsysteem.
CN103806589A (zh) * 2014-02-26 2014-05-21 吴刚 一种快速砌墙空心砖
WO2016110137A1 (zh) * 2015-01-07 2016-07-14 吴刚 砌墙用空心砌块
WO2017079991A1 (zh) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-18 吴刚 一种快速砌墙保温砌块

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2784409B1 (fr) 1998-10-09 2000-12-29 Francois Bedos Bloc de construction a joint de pose non apparent
FR2925556B1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2010-01-22 Zodiac Pool Care Europe Appareil nettoyeur de surface immergee a conduit d'entree de section non constante

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1239685A (fr) * 1959-11-03 1960-08-26 éléments préfabriqués pour la construction des murs et cloisons de bâtiments et leur mode d'emploi
FR1264628A (fr) * 1960-05-11 1961-06-23 Nouveaux éléments à emboîtements coniques pour la construction de silos et de murs de soutènement
FR2190999A2 (de) * 1972-07-03 1974-02-01 Moritz Jean Pie Re
FR2544767A1 (fr) * 1983-04-25 1984-10-26 Demler Sa Ets Element de construction et conditionnement de tels elements
EP0190076A1 (de) * 1985-01-24 1986-08-06 Yannick Cruaud Baublock und zugehöriges Verbindungselement

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1239685A (fr) * 1959-11-03 1960-08-26 éléments préfabriqués pour la construction des murs et cloisons de bâtiments et leur mode d'emploi
FR1264628A (fr) * 1960-05-11 1961-06-23 Nouveaux éléments à emboîtements coniques pour la construction de silos et de murs de soutènement
FR2190999A2 (de) * 1972-07-03 1974-02-01 Moritz Jean Pie Re
FR2544767A1 (fr) * 1983-04-25 1984-10-26 Demler Sa Ets Element de construction et conditionnement de tels elements
EP0190076A1 (de) * 1985-01-24 1986-08-06 Yannick Cruaud Baublock und zugehöriges Verbindungselement

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005019560A1 (fr) * 2003-07-28 2005-03-03 Pierre Clement Bloc pour paroi bio climatique
FR2870272A1 (fr) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-18 Edward Bazela Parpaing ventile
FR2887906A1 (fr) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-05 Yannick Cruaud Procede de montage de blocs beton pour la construction d'un ouvrage tel qu'un mur de batiment, muret de cloture ou autre
NL2002043C (nl) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-18 Kronimus Ag Metselsteen uit beton alsmede bouwsysteem.
CN103806589A (zh) * 2014-02-26 2014-05-21 吴刚 一种快速砌墙空心砖
WO2016110137A1 (zh) * 2015-01-07 2016-07-14 吴刚 砌墙用空心砌块
WO2017079991A1 (zh) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-18 吴刚 一种快速砌墙保温砌块

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0549501B1 (de) 1997-03-12
FR2685371B1 (fr) 1994-04-01
DE69218163D1 (de) 1997-04-17
FR2685371A1 (fr) 1993-06-25
ATE150122T1 (de) 1997-03-15

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