EP0543214A1 - Cooling device and method of cooling a fluid in a receptacle - Google Patents
Cooling device and method of cooling a fluid in a receptacle Download PDFInfo
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- EP0543214A1 EP0543214A1 EP92118802A EP92118802A EP0543214A1 EP 0543214 A1 EP0543214 A1 EP 0543214A1 EP 92118802 A EP92118802 A EP 92118802A EP 92118802 A EP92118802 A EP 92118802A EP 0543214 A1 EP0543214 A1 EP 0543214A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cooling device
- sorbent
- vessel
- evaporator unit
- cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
- F25D31/006—Other cooling or freezing apparatus specially adapted for cooling receptacles, e.g. tanks
- F25D31/007—Bottles or cans
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cooling method and a cooling arrangement for cooling a medium within a vessel.
- Refrigeration systems that are filled with chlorofluorocarbons are now disposed of, for example, via a cartridge filled with activated carbon, which sorbs the CFC gas. More common processes also use the cold steam process.
- the system to be disposed of is suctioned off using a conventional refrigerant compressor.
- the compressed and liquefied refrigerant is then pressed into a transport container. Disadvantages of these systems are a complicated structure and an inevitably high weight.
- the object of the present invention is to present a cooling method and a cooling device with which short-term and short-term large cooling capacities can be covered with the least possible volume and weight for a number of very different applications.
- the medium provided for cooling is basically in a vessel through whose walls heat is given off to the cooling device.
- Vessels are to be understood to mean all containers which are suitable for holding a liquid, solid but also gaseous medium. These can be, for example, beverage cans, beverage bottles, troughs, pots, bottles, but also piping systems in which liquid or gaseous media are also present.
- this also means collection containers in which CFC-containing refrigerant is decanted from systems or collection containers by condensing and liquefying the refrigerant within the vessel through heat extraction.
- the refrigeration required for liquefaction is transferred to the cooling device via the walls of the vessel, and due to the associated lowering of the vapor pressure inside the vessel, refrigerant can evaporate from the system to be disposed of and condense into the refrigerant bottle.
- the term “vessel” also means, for example, heating pipe networks in which warm heating water normally flows to supply radiators. When the heating water is at a standstill, the heating water can be cooled below 0 ° C and solidified by removing heat from the pipe surfaces. Solidified heating water then prevents the further flow of the heating water, so that, for example, defective radiators can be replaced without emptying the entire heating pipe network.
- vessels in the inner or outer area can be provided with an additional indentation in which the aqueous solution can evaporate.
- Self-contained vessels such as beverage cans or beverage bottles, can also be enclosed as a whole in the evaporator unit. It is important to ensure that the aqueous liquid has good thermal contact with the vessel wall.
- the vessel wall is at least partially immersed in the aqueous liquid within the evaporator unit.
- the evaporator unit can also be made, at least in part, from flexible materials which adapt to the surface structure of the vessels, in particular when there is negative pressure.
- an airtight evaporator unit is produced which, on the one hand, consists directly of parts of the vessel wall, on the other hand, of the supple material of the evaporator unit.
- Such systems are known in principle, for example, from the handling of glass panes by means of vacuum suction cups or also when fixing drilling machines by means of vacuum suction feet in the case of core hole bores.
- the water vapor flowing out of the evaporator unit is adsorbed in a sorbent filling.
- Zeolites which can accumulate up to 36% by weight of water with the release of heat, are particularly suitable as the sorbent filling. Zeolites are used in many areas of sorption technology and, thanks to their large-scale synthesis, are relatively inexpensive. Zeolites also have the advantage that they can release the adsorbed water again by applying heat at higher temperatures. A zeolite sorbent filling can therefore be regenerated repeatedly. In order to maintain the necessary evaporation negative pressure, it is necessary to accommodate the sorbent filling inside a sorbent container.
- connection to the evaporator unit can be made, for example, from a flexible one Hose consist, as is commonly used in household vacuum cleaners. However, it is important that the hose cross-section is adapted to the desired evaporator output.
- the sorbent container can also contain a heating device, for example electrical heating conductors, in order to heat the sorbent filling inside the container and thus to desorb the adsorbed water again.
- a heating device for example electrical heating conductors
- the sorbent container so that the desorption heat to be supplied is introduced into the sorbent filling from the outside via the sorbent container wall.
- flat containers or tubes with a diameter of less than 100 mm are advantageous.
- the sorbent filling is to be introduced within the sorbent container so that the water vapor flowing in from the evaporator unit can reach all parts of the sorbent without large pressure losses.
- the cooling device according to the invention is not prefabricated as a closed, uniform system, in which the correspondingly required negative pressure was generated during production, it is necessary to fill the sorbent by means of a suitable vacuum pump Evacuation of the cold effect.
- a vacuum pump is connected to the sorbent container, which sucks air and other non-condensable gases from the evaporator unit and the sorbent container.
- the extraction must be carried out according to the invention so that the gases can be removed from all areas of the sorbent container and do not counteract the water vapor entering.
- the suction line to the vacuum pump can be designed with a relatively small diameter.
- Oil-free vacuum pumps are particularly suitable, as they can be installed without releasing oil mists, regardless of their position.
- the vacuum pump available from every refrigeration system manufacturer can be used. In this way, the refrigeration specialist has a simple, inexpensive system.
- the refrigeration specialist In addition to the existing refrigerant bottle and the vacuum pump, there is only a sorbent cartridge and a corresponding, flexible adapter for the Refrigerant bottle wall necessary.
- the evaporator unit, sorbent container and vacuum pump can be combined in any way. With several small sorbent containers, large CFC refrigerant systems can also be disposed of. Any refrigerant bottle can be coupled to the sorbent container by simply changing the evaporator unit
- Usual vacuum pumps have a 220 V connection. However, pumps which can be operated with 12 V or 24 V, for example from a car or truck electrical system, are also particularly advantageous. In these cases, the camping and leisure area can also be equipped with a cooling device according to the invention. However, manually operated vacuum pumps are also advantageous as long as they reach a sufficient final vacuum.
- FIG. 1 shows a refrigerant bottle 1 with a filling valve 2, which is equipped with a cavity 3 which contains an absorbent material 4.
- the refrigerant bottle 1 is connected to the sorbent container 6 by means of a sealing ring 5.
- a sorbent 7 can be evacuated via a suction line 8 by means of a vacuum pump 9.
- the sorbent container 6 contains an opening 10 in the upper area which is covered with a film before use in order to prevent the absorption of water vapor from the air by the sorbent 7.
- the absorbent material 4 is only soaked with water before use.
- FIG. 2 also shows a vacuum pump 9 connected via a hose line 8 to a sorbent container 6, filled with sorbent 7 and provided with an electrical heater 11.
- the sorbent container 6 is connected to a flexible evaporator unit 13 via a flexible suction line 12.
- the flexible evaporator unit 13 contains an absorbent material 14 which is in good thermal contact with the outer surface of a beverage can 15. The flexible evaporator unit 13 is sucked airtight onto the wall of the beverage can 15 by the vacuum built up by the vacuum pump 9 and the absorbent material 14 is pressed onto the container wall.
- FIG. 3 again shows a refrigerant bottle 1 with a filling valve 2, largely integrated into an evaporator unit 16, which contains a screw cap 17 in the upper part. It contains a central opening through which the neck of the refrigerant bottle 1 projects. Due to the negative pressure present, the screw cap 17 is pressed onto the refrigerant bottle 1 in an airtight manner.
- the evaporator unit 16 there is a water filling 18 in the lower region. The water vapor reaches the sorbent filling via a flexible steam line 12 7.
- the sorbent container 6 is also connected to a vacuum pump 9 in this exemplary embodiment via a suction line 8.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kühlverfahren und eine Kühlanordnung zur Kühlung eines Mediums innerhalb eines Gefäßes.The invention relates to a cooling method and a cooling arrangement for cooling a medium within a vessel.
Bekannt sind beispielsweise aus der DE 34 25 419 Kühlverfahren nach dem Sorptionsprinzip, wobei aus einer wässrigen Lösung Wasser verdampft und dieser Wasserdampf in einer Sorptionsmittelfüllung adsorbiert wird. Die verdampfende Wassermenge kühlt sich dabei ab, während die Sorptionsmittelfüllung erwärmt wird. Dieses Verfahren läuft in geschlossenen Systemen ab, in welchen der Unterdruck, um die wässrige Lösung bei entsprechend tiefen Temperaturen verdampfen zu lassen, bei der Herstellung des Systemes aufgebaut wird und erhalten bleibt. Diese Kühlvorrichtungen sind deshalb relativ unflexibel in ihrem Anwendungsbereich, da das zu kühlende Medium immer fest mit der gesamten Kühlvorrichtung verbunden sein muß.DE 34 25 419, for example, discloses cooling processes based on the sorption principle, water evaporating from an aqueous solution and this water vapor being adsorbed in a sorbent filling. The amount of water evaporating cools down while the sorbent filling is heated. This process takes place in closed systems in which the negative pressure, in order to allow the aqueous solution to evaporate at correspondingly low temperatures, is built up and maintained during the production of the system. These cooling devices are therefore relatively inflexible in their field of application, since the medium to be cooled must always be firmly connected to the entire cooling device.
Aus der DE 40 03 107 ist ein Eiserzeuger nach dem Sorptionsprinzip bekannt. Hier wird mittels eines vakuumfesten Sorptionsbehälters, der einen festen Sorptionsstoff enthält und an dem eine Vakuumpumpe angeschlossen ist, in einem Vereisungsgefäß eine wässrige Flüssigkeit gefroren. Dieser Eiserzeuger dient somit zur Erzeugung von frischem Eis beispielsweise für die Kühlung von Getränken. Eine direkte Kühlung von Gefäßen ist damit nicht möglich.From DE 40 03 107 an ice maker based on the sorption principle is known. Here is frozen by means of a vacuum-proof sorption container, which contains a solid sorbent and to which a vacuum pump is connected, an aqueous liquid in an icing vessel. This ice maker thus serves to produce fresh ice, for example for cooling beverages. Direct cooling of vessels is therefore not possible.
Die Entsorgung von Kälteanlagen, die mit Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffen gefüllt sind erfolgt heute beispielsweise über eine mit Aktivkohle gefüllte Patrone, welche das FCKW-Gas sorbiert. Gebräuchlichere Verfahren arbeiten auch hier nach dem Kaltdampfverfahren. Die zu entsorgende Anlage wird dabei mit Hilfe eines herkömmlichen Kältemittelverdichters abgesaugt. Das verdichtete und verflüssigte Kältemittel wird sodann in einen Transportbehälter gedrückt. Nachteile dieser Systeme sind ein komplizierter Aufbau und ein zwangsläufig hohes Gewicht.Refrigeration systems that are filled with chlorofluorocarbons are now disposed of, for example, via a cartridge filled with activated carbon, which sorbs the CFC gas. More common processes also use the cold steam process. The system to be disposed of is suctioned off using a conventional refrigerant compressor. The compressed and liquefied refrigerant is then pressed into a transport container. Disadvantages of these systems are a complicated structure and an inevitably high weight.
Sowohl das Entsorgungsproblem bei FCKW-Kühlanlagen als auch die Bereitstellung von Kälte ohne Anlagen nach dem Kaltdampfprozeß sind bisher unbefriedigend gelöst.So far, both the disposal problem in CFC cooling systems and the provision of cold without systems after the cold steam process have been unsatisfactory solved.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Darstellung einer Kühlmethode und einer Kühlvorrichtung, mit welcher kurzfristig und kurzzeitig große Kälteleistungen bei möglichst geringem Aufwand an Volumen und Gewicht für eine Reihe sehr unterschiedlicher Anwendungsfälle abgedeckt werden können.The object of the present invention is to present a cooling method and a cooling device with which short-term and short-term large cooling capacities can be covered with the least possible volume and weight for a number of very different applications.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß den kennzeichnenden Teilen der Ansprüche 1 und 10.This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing parts of
Das zur Kühlung vorgesehene Medium befindet sich dabei grundsätzlich in einem Gefäß über dessen Wände Wärme an die Kühlvorrichtung abgegeben wird. Unter Gefäßen sollen dabei alle Behältnisse verstanden werden, welche zur Aufnahme eines flüssigen, festen aber auch gasförmigen Mediums geeignet sind. Es kann sich dabei beispielsweise um Getränkedosen, Getränkeflaschen, Tröge, Töpfe, Flaschen aber auch Rohrleitungssysteme handeln, in denen flüssige oder gasförmige Medien stehen aber auch strömen.The medium provided for cooling is basically in a vessel through whose walls heat is given off to the cooling device. Vessels are to be understood to mean all containers which are suitable for holding a liquid, solid but also gaseous medium. These can be, for example, beverage cans, beverage bottles, troughs, pots, bottles, but also piping systems in which liquid or gaseous media are also present.
Insbesondere sind damit auch Sammelbehälter gemeint, in denen FCKW-haltiges Kältemittel aus Anlagen oder Sammelbehältern umgefüllt wird, indem innerhalb des Gefäßes das Kältemittel durch Wärmentzug kondensiert und verflüssigt wird. Die zur Verflüssigung notwendige Kälte wird dabei über die Gefäßwandungen an die Kühlvorrichtung übertragen, und durch die damit einhergehende Erniedrigung des Dampfdruckes, innerhalb des Gefäßes, kann Kältemittel aus der zu entsorgenden Anlage verdampfen und in die Kältemittelflasche kondensieren.In particular, this also means collection containers in which CFC-containing refrigerant is decanted from systems or collection containers by condensing and liquefying the refrigerant within the vessel through heat extraction. The refrigeration required for liquefaction is transferred to the cooling device via the walls of the vessel, and due to the associated lowering of the vapor pressure inside the vessel, refrigerant can evaporate from the system to be disposed of and condense into the refrigerant bottle.
Weiterhin sind unter dem Begriff »Gefäß« auch z.B. Heizungsrohrnetze gemeint, in denen normalerweise warmes Heizungswasser zur Versorgung von Heizkörpern fließt. Bei stillstehendem Heizungswasser kann durch Entzug von Wärme, über die Rohroberflächen, das Heizungswasser unter 0 °C abgekühlt werden und erstarren. Erstarrtes Heizungswasser verhindert dann den weiteren Fluß des Heizungswassers, so daß beispielsweise defekte Heizkörper ohne Entleerung des gesamten Heizungsrohrnetzes ausgetauscht werden können.Furthermore, the term “vessel” also means, for example, heating pipe networks in which warm heating water normally flows to supply radiators. When the heating water is at a standstill, the heating water can be cooled below 0 ° C and solidified by removing heat from the pipe surfaces. Solidified heating water then prevents the further flow of the heating water, so that, for example, defective radiators can be replaced without emptying the entire heating pipe network.
In den Anwendungsbereich der Erfindung fallen aber auch Gefäße, welche speziell für die erfindungsgemäße Kälteerzeugung abgewandelt sind. So können beispielsweise Gefäße im inneren oder äußeren Bereich mit einer zusätzlichen Einbuchtung versehen sein, in welcher die wässrige Lösung verdampfen kann. Möglich ist es aber auch, die Form des Gefäßes so zu gestalten, daß es einfach und ohne zusätzlichen Vorrichtungsaufwand in die Verdampfereinheit eingeschoben werden kann und bei anliegendem Vakuum im System luftdicht mit der Verdampfereinheit abschließt. Vorteilhaft ist dies beispielsweise bei Kältemittelflaschen, welche während des Füllvorgangs über eine Fülleitung mit der zu entsorgenden Kälteanlage verbunden sind.However, the scope of the invention also includes vessels which are specially modified for the refrigeration according to the invention. For example, vessels in the inner or outer area can be provided with an additional indentation in which the aqueous solution can evaporate. However, it is also possible to design the shape of the vessel in such a way that it can be inserted into the evaporator unit simply and without additional device outlay and, when a vacuum is present in the system, hermetically seals the evaporator unit. This is advantageous, for example, in the case of refrigerant bottles which are connected to the refrigeration system to be disposed of via a filling line during the filling process.
In sich geschlossene Gefäße, wie beispielsweise Getränkedosen oder Getränkeflaschen, können aber auch als ganzes in der Verdampfereinheit eingeschlossen sein. Hierbei ist darauf zu achten, daß die wässrige Flüssigkeit einen guten Wärmekontakt zur Gefäßwandung hat.Self-contained vessels, such as beverage cans or beverage bottles, can also be enclosed as a whole in the evaporator unit. It is important to ensure that the aqueous liquid has good thermal contact with the vessel wall.
Einen guten Wärmekontakt zwischen Gefäßwandung und wässriger Lösung erreicht man erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß das Gefäß innerhalb der Verdampfereinheit zumindest teilweise in die wässrige Flüssigkeit eintaucht. Vorteilhaft ist aber auch, die Gefäßwand mit einem saugfähigem Material in Kontakt zu bringen, welches mit der wässrigen Flüssigkeit benetzt ist. Als besonders geeignet erweisen sich dabei Materialien, die strumpfartig von außen über die Gefäßwand gezogen werden und anschließend mit Wasser getränkt werden.Good thermal contact between the vessel wall and the aqueous solution is achieved according to the invention in that the vessel is at least partially immersed in the aqueous liquid within the evaporator unit. However, it is also advantageous to bring the vessel wall into contact with an absorbent material which is wetted with the aqueous liquid. Materials that are drawn like stockings from the outside over the vessel wall and are then soaked with water have proven to be particularly suitable.
Vorteilhafterweise kann die Verdampfereinheit aber auch, zumindest teilweise, aus flexiblen Materialien hergestellt werden, welche sich insbesondere bei Unterdruck der Oberflächenstruktur der Gefäße anpassen. Auf diese Weise wird eine luftdichte Verdampfereinheit hergestellt, welche einerseits direkt aus Teilen der Gefäßwandung andererseits aus dem anschmiegsamen Material der Verdampfereinheit besteht. Besonders vorteilhaft erscheint es dabei, den flexiblen Teil so mit dem saugfähigem Material zu koppeln, daß - bedingt durch den Unterdruck - das saugfähige Material auf die Behälterwand gepreßt wird. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, daß für den abströmenden Wasserdampf ausreichend Strömungskanäle erhalten bleiben. Prinzipiell bekannt sind solche Systeme beispielsweise aus der Handhabung von Glasscheiben mittels Unterdrucksaugnäpfen oder auch bei der Fixierung von Bohrmaschinen durch Vakuumsaugfüße bei Kernlochbohrungen.Advantageously, however, the evaporator unit can also be made, at least in part, from flexible materials which adapt to the surface structure of the vessels, in particular when there is negative pressure. In this way, an airtight evaporator unit is produced which, on the one hand, consists directly of parts of the vessel wall, on the other hand, of the supple material of the evaporator unit. It seems particularly advantageous to couple the flexible part with the absorbent material in such a way that - due to the negative pressure - the absorbent material is pressed onto the container wall. It is important to ensure that there are sufficient flow channels for the outflowing water vapor remain. Such systems are known in principle, for example, from the handling of glass panes by means of vacuum suction cups or also when fixing drilling machines by means of vacuum suction feet in the case of core hole bores.
Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung wird der aus der Verdampfereinheit abströmende Wasserdampf in einer Sorptionsmittelfüllung adsorbiert. Als Sorptionsmittelfüllung eignen sich insbesondere Zeolithe, welche bis zu 36 Gew.-% Wasser unter Wärmefreisetzung anlagern können. Zeolithe sind in vielen Bereichen der Sorptionstechnik im Einsatz und dank einer großtechnischen Synthese relativ preiswert verfügbar. Zeolithe haben ferner den Vorteil, daß sie das adsorbierte Wasser durch Wärmezuführ bei höheren Temperaturen wieder abgeben können. Eine Sorptionsmittelfüllung aus Zeolith ist deshalb wiederholt regenerierbar. Um den notwendigen Verdampfungsunterdruck aufrecht zu erhalten, ist es notwendig, die Sorptionsmittelfüllung innerhalb eines Sorptionsmittelbehälters unterzubringen.In the present invention, the water vapor flowing out of the evaporator unit is adsorbed in a sorbent filling. Zeolites, which can accumulate up to 36% by weight of water with the release of heat, are particularly suitable as the sorbent filling. Zeolites are used in many areas of sorption technology and, thanks to their large-scale synthesis, are relatively inexpensive. Zeolites also have the advantage that they can release the adsorbed water again by applying heat at higher temperatures. A zeolite sorbent filling can therefore be regenerated repeatedly. In order to maintain the necessary evaporation negative pressure, it is necessary to accommodate the sorbent filling inside a sorbent container.
Die Verbindung zur Verdampfereinheit kann dabei beispielsweise aus einem flexiblen Schlauch bestehen, wie er gewöhnlich bei Haushaltsstaubsaugern benutzt wird. Wichtig ist allerdings, daß der Schlauchquerschnitt der gewünschten Verdampferleistung angepaßt ist.The connection to the evaporator unit can be made, for example, from a flexible one Hose consist, as is commonly used in household vacuum cleaners. However, it is important that the hose cross-section is adapted to the desired evaporator output.
Der Sorptionsmittelbehälter kann weiterhin eine Heizvorrichtung, beispielsweise elektrische Heizleiter enthalten, um die Sorptionsmittelfüllung innerhalb des Behälters zu erwärmen und damit das adsorbierte Wasser wieder zu desorbieren. Vorteilhaft ist es aber auch den Sorptionsbehälter so zu gestalten, daß die Sorptionsmittelfüllung durch eine frische Füllung ersetzt werden kann. Für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle erscheint es aber auch sinnvoll, die Sorptionsmittelfüllung in einen Behälter einzubringen, welcher nach Gebrauch verworfen wird.The sorbent container can also contain a heating device, for example electrical heating conductors, in order to heat the sorbent filling inside the container and thus to desorb the adsorbed water again. However, it is also advantageous to design the sorption container so that the sorbent filling can be replaced by a fresh filling. For certain applications, however, it also makes sense to place the sorbent filling in a container which is discarded after use.
Sinnvoll erscheint es weiterhin den Sorptionsmittelbehälter so zu gestalten, daß die zuzuführende Desorptionswärme von außen über die Sorptionsmittelbehälterwandung in die Sorptionsmittelfüllung eingebracht wird. Vorteilhaft sind dabei z.B. flache Behältnisse oder Rohre mit einem Durchmesser von weniger als 100 mm.It also seems sensible to design the sorbent container so that the desorption heat to be supplied is introduced into the sorbent filling from the outside via the sorbent container wall. For example, flat containers or tubes with a diameter of less than 100 mm are advantageous.
Innerhalb des Sorptionsmittelbehälters ist die Sorptionsmittelfüllung so einzubringen, daß der von der Verdampfereinheit einströmende Wasserdampf ohne große Druckverluste alle Teile des Sorptionsmittels erreichen kann.The sorbent filling is to be introduced within the sorbent container so that the water vapor flowing in from the evaporator unit can reach all parts of the sorbent without large pressure losses.
Bei der Sorption von Wasserdampf wird im Sorptionsmittel Wärme frei, die zur Erhitzung des Sorptionsmittels führt. Bekanntlich kann heißes Sorptionsmittel bei gleichem Dampfdruck deutlich weniger Wasserdampf sorbieren als kaltes. Es ist deshalb Sorge dafür zu tragen, daß entweder die Sorptionswärme in geeigneter Weise an die Umgebung oder an wärmeaufnehmende Medien abgeführt wird oder daß die Sorptionsmittelfüllung derart groß gewählt wird, daß die gewünschte Kältemenge ohne wesentliche Abgabe von Sorptionswärme an die Umgebung erzeugt werden kann.During the sorption of water vapor, heat is released in the sorbent, which leads to the sorbent being heated. It is known that hot sorbents can sorb significantly less water vapor than cold ones at the same vapor pressure. Care must therefore be taken that either the sorption heat is dissipated in a suitable manner to the environment or to heat-absorbing media, or that the sorbent filling is chosen to be large enough that the desired amount of refrigeration can be generated without substantially releasing sorption heat to the environment.
Sofern die erfindungsgemäße Kühlvorrichtung nicht als geschlossenes, einheitliches System vorgefertigt wird, bei welchem gleich bei der Herstellung der entsprechend notwendige Unterdruck erzeugt wurde, ist es notwendig, die Sorptionsmittelfüllung mittels einer geeigneten Vakuumpumpe zur Erzielung des Kälteeffektes zu evakuieren. Zu diesem Zweck ist an dem Sorptionsmittelbehälter eine Vakuumpumpe angeschlossen, welche Luft und andere nicht-kondensierbare Gase aus der Verdampfereinheit und dem Sorptionsmittelbehälter absaugt. Die Absaugung hat dabei erfindungsgemäß so zu erfolgen, daß die Gase aus allen Bereichen des Sorptionsmittelbehälters entfernt werden können und dem zutretenden Wasserdampf nicht entgegen wirken. Die Absaugleitung zur Vakuumpumpe kann im Gegensatz zur Wasserdampfleitung zwischen Verdampfereinheit und Sorptionsmittelbehälter mit relativ kleinen Durchmesser ausgeführt werden.If the cooling device according to the invention is not prefabricated as a closed, uniform system, in which the correspondingly required negative pressure was generated during production, it is necessary to fill the sorbent by means of a suitable vacuum pump Evacuation of the cold effect. For this purpose, a vacuum pump is connected to the sorbent container, which sucks air and other non-condensable gases from the evaporator unit and the sorbent container. The extraction must be carried out according to the invention so that the gases can be removed from all areas of the sorbent container and do not counteract the water vapor entering. In contrast to the water vapor line between the evaporator unit and the sorbent container, the suction line to the vacuum pump can be designed with a relatively small diameter.
Als Vakuumpumpen eignen sich alle handelsüblichen Produkte, deren Enddruck etwas niedriger liegt als der Verdampfungsdruck der wässrigen Flüssigkeit bei der gewünschten Verdampfungstemperatur. Reines Wasser hat beispielsweise bei 0 °C einen Wasserdampfdruck von 6,1 mbar. Um bei dieser Temperatur reines Wasser zu verdampfen, benötigt die Vakuumpumpe deshalb einen Enddruck von ca. 5 mbar.All commercially available products are suitable as vacuum pumps, the final pressure of which is somewhat lower than the evaporation pressure of the aqueous liquid at the desired evaporation temperature. Pure water, for example, has a water vapor pressure of 6.1 mbar at 0 ° C. To evaporate pure water at this temperature, the vacuum pump therefore needs a final pressure of approx. 5 mbar.
Bei einen Verdampfungsdruck unter 6,1 mbar erstarrt Wasser zu Eis. Erst wenn die gesamte Wassermenge zu Eis gefroren ist, wird bei fortgesetzter Wasserdampfsublimation die Eistemperatur unter 0 °C absinken.At an evaporation pressure below 6.1 mbar solidifies water into ice. Only when the entire amount of water has frozen to ice will the ice temperature drop below 0 ° C if water sublimation continues.
Sofern Temperaturen unter 0 °C gewünscht sind, ohne daß die Wassermenge erstarrt, empfiehlt sich die Zugabe entsprechender Frostschutzmittel. Geeignet sind hier alle bekannten Mittel, insbesondere aber Salzlösungen. Zu beachten ist, daß bei Zugabe von Frostschutzmitteln der Wasserdampfpartialdruck unter den Wasserdampfdruck von reinem Wasser absinkt.If temperatures below 0 ° C are desired without the amount of water solidifying, the addition of appropriate antifreeze is recommended. All known agents are suitable here, but especially salt solutions. It should be noted that when antifreeze is added, the water vapor partial pressure drops below the water vapor pressure of pure water.
Besonders geeignet sind ölfreie Vakuumpumpen, die ohne Abgabe von Ölnebeln auch völlig lageunabhängig einzubauen sind. Insbesondere beim Absaugen von Kältemitteldämpfen kann die bei jedem Kältemittelanlagenbauer vorhandene Vakuumpumpe benutzt werden. Auf diese Weise steht dem Kältefachmann ein einfach aufgebautes und kostengünstiges System zur Verfügung. Neben der vorhandenen Kältemittelflasche und der Vakuumpumpe sind lediglich eine Sorptionsmittelpatrone sowie ein entsprechender, flexibler Adapter für die Kältemittelflaschenwandung notwendig.Oil-free vacuum pumps are particularly suitable, as they can be installed without releasing oil mists, regardless of their position. When vacuuming refrigerant vapors in particular, the vacuum pump available from every refrigeration system manufacturer can be used. In this way, the refrigeration specialist has a simple, inexpensive system. In addition to the existing refrigerant bottle and the vacuum pump, there is only a sorbent cartridge and a corresponding, flexible adapter for the Refrigerant bottle wall necessary.
Besonders vorteilhaft erscheint es auch, wenn alle Bauteile voneinander trennbar aufgebaut sind. So lassen sich Verdampfereinheit, Sorptionsmittelbehälter und Vakuumpumpe in beliebiger Weise kombinieren. Mit mehreren kleinen Sorptionsmittelbehältern können somit auch große Kältemittelanlagen von FCKW entsorgt werden. Durch einen einfachen Wechsel der Verdampfereinheit kann jede beliebige Kältemittelflasche an die Sorptionsmittelbehälter angekoppelt werdenIt also appears to be particularly advantageous if all components are constructed to be separable from one another. The evaporator unit, sorbent container and vacuum pump can be combined in any way. With several small sorbent containers, large CFC refrigerant systems can also be disposed of. Any refrigerant bottle can be coupled to the sorbent container by simply changing the evaporator unit
Übliche Vakuumpumpen haben einen 220-V-Anschluß. Besonders vorteilhaft sind aber auch Pumpen, welche mit 12-V oder 24-V, etwa aus einem PKW-der LKW-Bordnetz, betrieben werden können. In diesen Fällen ist auch der Camping- und Freizeit-Bereich mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kühlvorrichtung ausrüstbar. Vorteilhaft sind aber auch handbetätigte Vakuumpumpen, sofern sie ein ausreichendes Endvakuum erreichen.Usual vacuum pumps have a 220 V connection. However, pumps which can be operated with 12 V or 24 V, for example from a car or truck electrical system, are also particularly advantageous. In these cases, the camping and leisure area can also be equipped with a cooling device according to the invention. However, manually operated vacuum pumps are also advantageous as long as they reach a sufficient final vacuum.
In der Zeichnung sind vorteilhafte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 eine Kühlvorrichtung mit einem Gefäß, in welchem die Verdampfereinheit integriert ist.
- Fig. 2 eine Kühlvorrichtung mit einer flexiblen Verdampfereinheit und
- Fig. 3 eine Kühlvorrichtung mit einem Gefäß, welches von der Verdampfereinheit teilweise umschlossen ist.
- Fig. 1 shows a cooling device with a vessel in which the evaporator unit is integrated.
- Fig. 2 shows a cooling device with a flexible evaporator unit and
- Fig. 3 shows a cooling device with a vessel which is partially enclosed by the evaporator unit.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Kältemittelflasche 1 mit einem Füllventil 2, welche mit einem Hohlraum 3 ausgestattet ist, der ein saugfähiges Material 4 enthält. Die Kältemittelflasche 1 ist mittels eines Dichtringes 5 mit dem Sorptionsmittelbehälter 6 verbunden. Ein Sorptionsmittel 7 kann über eine Saugleitung 8 mittels einer Vakuumpumpe 9 evakuiert werden. Der Sorptionsmittelbehälter 6 enthält im oberen Bereich eine Öffnung 10, welche vor Gebrauch mit einer Folie abgedeckt ist, um die Aufnahme von Wasserdampf aus der Luft durch das Sorptionsmittel 7 zu verhindern. Das saugfähige Material 4 wird erst vor der Benutzung mit Wasser getränkt.1 shows a
Auch Fig. 2 zeigt eine Vakuumpumpe 9, über eine Schlauchleitung 8 angeschlossen an einen Sorptionsmittelbehälter 6, gefüllt mit Sorptionsmittel 7 und versehen mit einer elektrischen Heizung 11. Über eine flexible Saugleitung 12 ist der Sorptionsmittelbehälter 6 mit einer flexiblen Verdampfereinheit 13 verbunden. Die flexible Verdampfereinheit 13 enthält ein saugfähiges Material 14, welches in gutem Wärmekontakt mit der Mantelfläche einer Getränkedose 15 steht. Die flexible Verdampfereinheit 13 wird durch den von der Vakuumpumpe 9 aufgebauten Unterdruck luftdicht auf die Wandung der Getränkedose 15 gesaugt und das saugfähige Material 14 dabei auf die Behälter-Wandung gedrückt.2 also shows a
Fig. 3 zeigt wiederum eine Kältemittelflasche 1 mit einem Füllventil 2, größtenteils eingebunden in eine Verdampfereinheit 16, welche im oberen Teil einen Schraubdeckel 17 enthält, Er enthält eine zentrische Öffnung, durch welche der Hals der Kältemittelflasche 1 ragt. Durch den anliegenden Unterdruck wird der Schraubdeckel 17 luftdicht auf die Kältemittelflasche 1 gepreßt. In der Verdampfereinheit 16 befindet sich im unteren Bereich eine Wasserfüllung 18. Der Wasserdampf gelangt über eine flexible Dampfleitung 12 in die Sorptionsmittelfüllung 7. Der Sorptionsmittelbehälter 6 ist auch in diesem Ausführungsungsbeispiel über eine Saugleitung 8 an eine Vakuumpumpe 9 angeschlossen.FIG. 3 again shows a
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Gefäßwand gut wärmeleitend mit einer wässrigen Flüssigkeit in Kontakt steht, die sich durch Verdampfen abkühlt und
daß für den im Unterdruck abströmenden Wasserdampf eine Sorptionsmittelfüllung bereit steht, die den abströmenden Wasserdampf sorbiert und die dabei freigesetzte Sorptionswärme unter Temperaturerhöhung aufnimmt.Cooling device for cooling a medium that is located inside a vessel,
characterized,
that the vessel wall is in good thermal contact with an aqueous liquid that cools down by evaporation and
that a sorbent filling is available for the water vapor flowing out in the vacuum, which sorbs the water vapor flowing out and absorbs the heat of sorption released while increasing the temperature.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zur Erzeugung bzw. Aufrechterhaltung des Unterdrucks eine Vakuumpumpe angeschlossen ist, welche Luft und andere das Vakuum störende Gase so aus der Sorptionsmittelfüllung absaugt, daß die Wasserdampfströmung ungehindert in alle Bereiche der Sorptionsmittelfüllung einströmen kann.Cooling device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that a vacuum pump is connected to generate or maintain the negative pressure, which sucks air and other gases disturbing the vacuum from the sorbent filling such that the water vapor flow can flow freely into all areas of the sorbent filling.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die wässrige Flüssigkeit in einer Verdampfereinheit enthalten ist, in welche das Gefäß mindestens teilweise eintaucht und die Verdampfereinheit luftdicht an einen Sorptionsmittelbehälter, der die Sorptionsmittelfüllung beinhaltet, anschließbar ist.Cooling device according to one of the preceding Expectations,
characterized,
that the aqueous liquid is contained in an evaporator unit, in which the vessel is at least partially immersed, and the evaporator unit can be connected in an airtight manner to a sorbent container which contains the sorbent filling.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die wässrige Flüssigkeit in einem saugfähigem Material enthalten ist, das großflächig an die Gefäßwand angebracht werden kann.Cooling device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the aqueous liquid is contained in an absorbent material that can be attached to the vessel wall over a large area.
dadurch gekennzeichnet
daß die Verdampfereinheit in das Gefäß selbst integriert ist.Cooling device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized
that the evaporator unit is integrated into the vessel itself.
durch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Verdampfereinheit mindestens teilweise aus einem flexiblen Material aufgebaut ist und sich bei Unterdruck an die Gefäßwand anlegt und damit einen luftdicht abgeschlossenen Verdampferraum bildet, in dem die wässrige Flüssigkeit verdampfen kann.Cooling device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that the evaporator unit is at least partially made of a flexible material is built up and presses against the vessel wall at negative pressure and thus forms an airtight sealed evaporator chamber in which the aqueous liquid can evaporate.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Verdampfereinheit ein saugfähiges Material enthält, welches durch das flexible Material der Verdampfereinheit an die Gefäßwand gedrückt wird.Cooling devices according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the evaporator unit contains an absorbent material which is pressed against the vessel wall by the flexible material of the evaporator unit.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Sorptionsmittelfüllung von den restlichen Teilen der Kühlvorrichtung abtrennbar ist.Cooling device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the sorbent filling can be separated from the remaining parts of the cooling device.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es sich bei dem zu kühlenden Gefäß um eine Kältemittelflasche handelt, in welche Kältemittel einfüllbar ist.Cooling device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the vessel to be cooled is a refrigerant bottle into which refrigerant can be filled.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine wässrige Flüssigkeit im Vakuum verdampft, die Verdampfungskälte über die Gefäßwand an das Medium übertragen wird und daß der bei der Verdampfung entstehende Wasserdampf von einem Sorptionsmittel angesaugt und adsorbiert wird und daß der notwendige Unterdruck durch eine mechanische Vakuumpumpe erzeugt wird.Process for cooling a medium in a vessel,
characterized,
that an aqueous liquid evaporates in a vacuum, the evaporation cold is transferred to the medium via the vessel wall and that the water vapor formed during the evaporation is sucked in and adsorbed by a sorbent and that the necessary negative pressure is generated by a mechanical vacuum pump.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4138114 | 1991-11-19 | ||
| DE4138114A DE4138114A1 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1991-11-19 | COOLING DEVICE AND COOLING METHOD FOR COOLING A MEDIUM WITHIN A VESSEL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0543214A1 true EP0543214A1 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
| EP0543214B1 EP0543214B1 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
Family
ID=6445165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92118802A Expired - Lifetime EP0543214B1 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1992-11-03 | Cooling device and method of cooling a fluid in a receptacle |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5440896A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0543214B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05264119A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE154975T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4138114A1 (en) |
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| EP0603638A1 (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-06-29 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Adapter for a sorption system and sorption method using this adapter |
| EP0726433A1 (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-14 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Cooling device |
| EP0913652A3 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2000-12-13 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Refrigerating and / or freezing method for water containing products |
| WO2008015608A2 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A domestic beverage dispensing apparatus comprising an adsorbent cooling device |
| EP1519125A3 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2012-11-21 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Method and apparatus for a fast solidification of water containing substances |
| US20160348962A1 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2016-12-01 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for vacuum cooling a beverage |
| WO2018081249A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for vacuum cooling a beverage |
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| FR2810015B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2004-05-28 | Thermagen | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SELF-REFRIGERATING BEVERAGE PACKAGE AND EQUIPMENT FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
| FR2810021B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2004-05-21 | Thermagen | SELF-REFRIGERATING BEVERAGE PACKAGING |
| US6688132B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2004-02-10 | Nanopore, Inc. | Cooling device and temperature-controlled shipping container using same |
| US6584797B1 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2003-07-01 | Nanopore, Inc. | Temperature-controlled shipping container and method for using same |
| US6591630B2 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2003-07-15 | Nanopore, Inc. | Cooling device |
| US6601404B1 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2003-08-05 | Nanopore, Inc. | Cooling device |
| FR2832325B1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2004-09-10 | Thermagen | LIQUID-GAS STATE SEPARATOR |
| FR2832495B1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2004-02-20 | Thermagen | HEAT EXCHANGER |
| DE10243209A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-02 | Endress & Hauser Wetzer Gmbh | Device for cooling sampling unit comprises container for receiving sample bottle and/or sample container arranged in sampling unit, cooling unit and vaporizer |
| DE10250510A1 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-05-19 | Zeo-Tech Zeolith-Technologie Gmbh | Adsorption cooling device with buffer storage |
| DE10303292A1 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-07-29 | Zeo-Tech Zeolith-Technologie Gmbh | Mobile cooling container has zeolite absorption system connecting to chamber through back pressure valve with fans in absorption and storage chambers |
| ATE398757T1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2008-07-15 | Thermagen | SELF-COOLING BOTTLE |
| DE102005034297A1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-08-31 | Zeo-Tech Zeolith-Technologie Gmbh | Cooling unit for use in food industry, has sorbent material sealed into sorbent-containing pouch having multilayer sheeting material with metallic layer or metallized layer for allowing vacuo to sorb vaporous working medium |
| AT501614B1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2006-10-15 | Peter Dipl Ing Lang | HEAT EXCHANGERS AND TEMPERATURE CONTAINERS WITH HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| EP1967799B1 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2012-11-21 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Sorption cooling element with regulating organ and additional heat source |
| EP2006616A2 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Flexible sorption cooling element |
| US20110088410A1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | Scott Negley | Chilled Beverage Container |
| DE102009060005B4 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-12-15 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Vacuum sorption |
| US9696063B2 (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2017-07-04 | Anish Athalye | Cooling systems and related methods |
| US10941971B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2021-03-09 | Tokitae Llc | Temperature-controlled portable cooling units |
| US9170053B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2015-10-27 | Tokitae Llc | Temperature-controlled portable cooling units |
| US11105556B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2021-08-31 | Tokitae, LLC | Temperature-controlled portable cooling units |
| US9657982B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-05-23 | Tokitae Llc | Temperature-controlled medicinal storage devices |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0603638A1 (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-06-29 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Adapter for a sorption system and sorption method using this adapter |
| EP0726433A1 (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-14 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Cooling device |
| EP0913652A3 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2000-12-13 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Refrigerating and / or freezing method for water containing products |
| EP1519125A3 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2012-11-21 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Method and apparatus for a fast solidification of water containing substances |
| WO2008015608A2 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A domestic beverage dispensing apparatus comprising an adsorbent cooling device |
| WO2008015608A3 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-04-10 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | A domestic beverage dispensing apparatus comprising an adsorbent cooling device |
| US20160348962A1 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2016-12-01 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for vacuum cooling a beverage |
| US10746459B2 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2020-08-18 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for vacuum cooling a beverage |
| WO2018081249A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for vacuum cooling a beverage |
| EP3532778A4 (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2020-07-01 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for vacuum cooling a beverage |
| US11125492B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2021-09-21 | The Coca-Cola Company | Systems and methods for vacuum cooling a beverage |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE154975T1 (en) | 1997-07-15 |
| DE4138114A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| US5440896A (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| EP0543214B1 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
| JPH05264119A (en) | 1993-10-12 |
| DE59208660D1 (en) | 1997-08-07 |
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