EP0541552B1 - Process and spinning device for making microfilaments - Google Patents

Process and spinning device for making microfilaments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0541552B1
EP0541552B1 EP90917481A EP90917481A EP0541552B1 EP 0541552 B1 EP0541552 B1 EP 0541552B1 EP 90917481 A EP90917481 A EP 90917481A EP 90917481 A EP90917481 A EP 90917481A EP 0541552 B1 EP0541552 B1 EP 0541552B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
spinning
microfilaments
nozzle
melt
hot air
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EP90917481A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0541552A1 (en
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Ivo E. Ruzek
Walter Bruckner
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Corovin GmbH
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Corovin GmbH
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08Melt spinning methods
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02Spinnerettes
    • D01D4/025Melt-blowing or solution-blowing dies
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/084Heating filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/088Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing microfilaments according to the preamble of claim 1, and the invention also relates to a spinning device for producing microfilaments.
  • microfilaments Synthetic filaments with a single titer of less than 1 dtex are referred to as microfilaments (the specification 1 dtex means that 10 km of the thread or filament weighs 1 gram).
  • the microfilaments therefore have a very small diameter and are twisted in a known manner to form microfilament yarns.
  • These microfilament yarns can be woven or knitted to make a textile. Due to the single titer of less than 1 dtex, the textiles are characterized by a very soft feel and a noble case, so that they have a silk-like character and can follow the fashion trend of silk fabrics.
  • microfilaments takes place in that the microfilament is drawn off and stretched at a high take-off speed from the spinning hole of a spinneret fed with a melt and is taken up on a roll after passing through an area blown transversely with cooling air. This is followed by twisting with a large number of microfilaments to form a microfilament yarn from which the desired textile can be produced by weaving.
  • spunbonded nonwovens from the microfilaments by pulling the filaments emerging from spinnerets under the action of an injector after passing through an area blown transversely with cooling air and depositing them on a continuously moving deposit belt.
  • Such spunbonded nonwovens made from microfilaments are also covered by the invention.
  • the filament diameter is below 12 »m for polypropylene and below 11» m for polyamide or below 10 »m for polyester.
  • the microfilament yarns obtained from it which are mostly offered as polyamide and polyester yarns, generally have a single titer that is only slightly less than 1 dtex.
  • the microfilament yarns and textile products resemble the fashionably preferred natural silk due to their soft feel.
  • the textile yarns made from microfilaments have yet another advantage that is due to the tightness of the fabric.
  • Fabrics made from microfilament yarns can be woven so densely that their diffusion properties are similar to semi-permeable diaphragms. These fabrics breathe, that is, they let gases and vapors such as water vapor through easily, even though they are poorly wettable at the same time. The poor wettability is due to the small filament diameter and the resulting unfavorable angles between two filament surfaces.
  • the polymer melt is extruded through the spinneret, cooled by an air stream below the spinneret and drawn off at high speed - usually around 6,000 m / min.
  • the aim in practice is to reduce the diameter of the microfilaments during their manufacture to a single titer of significantly less than 1 dtex.
  • the number of microfilaments in the yarn or the number of nozzle holes per microfilament yarn must be used increase proportionally to the reduction in the individual titer in d-tex, because several microfilaments are then required to produce a microfilament yarn with the same diameter.
  • the filament surface is inversely proportional to the third power of the filament diameter for the same volume. If, for example, the individual titer is halved, the thinner filament has an eightfold surface.
  • the larger surface area can be seen in connection with the cooling of the microfilament. Basically, the stretching of the microfilament requires a certain temperature, and if it cools down too much, there is a risk that the microfilament will become brittle and tear off, especially at the usual high take-off speeds of 6,000 m / min.
  • hypothermic skin will form on the surface of the microfilament. This skin is responsible for the filament breaks.
  • the skin is already rigid, while the inner mass, which is surrounded by the skin, is still in a stretchable state.
  • a cut-off is only possible here if the take-off speed is considerably reduced, and at the same time the mass flow of the melt through the spinneret must be reduced accordingly. In the other case, if the mass flow remains constant, the reduction in the draw-off speed would result in the filaments not being able to be produced with the desired small diameter.
  • a cylindrical screen is arranged concentrically within the pressure chamber, and warm air under pressure is supplied to the pressure chamber from outside and pressed through the cylindrical screen, in which the filaments freshly extruded from the spinneret are drawn.
  • the warm air is supplied in a direction which is predominantly transverse to the direction in which the filaments are drawn off, as a result of which the filaments are subjected to a load within the pressure chamber or within the cylindrical screen.
  • turbulence inevitably occurs in the cylindrical sieve, which places an additional load on the freshly drawn filaments.
  • the filaments can only be enveloped by the warm air in a jacket-like manner after they have left the outlet pipe adjoining the pressure chamber below.
  • the known method is not suitable for the production of microfilaments, i.e. filaments with a single titer of less than 1 dtex, because the stresses mentioned are within the pressure chamber or within the cylindrical sieve, i.e. in an area that is directly adjacent to the outlet opening of the Spinning hole connects, are too large. Otherwise, the filaments in a cooling area are not blown with cooling air parallel to the direction of the filaments.
  • EP-A-0 245 011 also discloses a similar process for the production of filaments, the filaments being drawn off and stretched from a spinneret fed with a melt through a spinning hole after passing through a cooling area at a high take-off speed.
  • a chamber with a cylindrical sieve immediately adjoins the spinning hole, through which warm air is fed under pressure transversely to the direction of the filaments. Only after leaving the chamber mentioned does the warm air supplied run in one direction parallel to the filaments.
  • the disadvantages mentioned above apply to the area directly at the outlet opening of the spinning hole when it comes to the production of microfilaments with a very small diameter.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method which allows the production of microfilaments with very small diameters without deterioration of economy and quality, and also to be created by the invention, a spinning device which allows economical production of microfilaments with small diameters .
  • this object is achieved in the method presupposed in the preamble of patent claim 1 by the features of the characterizing part, and with regard to the spinning device, the object in a spinning apparatus according to the preamble of patent claim 10 is achieved by the method characteristic features solved.
  • the invention provides that the microfilaments are accompanied by a downward flow of hot air immediately after they exit the spinning hole.
  • the extruded filament is thus embedded in a warm air stream after exiting the spinning hole, which preferably surrounds the filament in the form of a jacket.
  • the hot air coating compensates for the negative influence of the large surface area of the microfilaments, which leads to rapid cooling. This prevents the filament from cooling too quickly - due to the much higher specific surface area.
  • a major advantage of the invention is therefore that the filament can be drawn off easily even at the usual high speeds of 4,000-6,000 n / min.
  • microfilament yarns produced by the method according to the invention thus guarantee a significantly better quality, the disadvantages described at the outset being eliminated.
  • the protective jacket made of hot air protects the just extruded and formed filament from cooling too quickly immediately after it emerges from the spinning hole of the spinneret. Thus, no rapidly cooled outer skin of the filament can arise, which would be damaged by the shear stress caused by the rapid filament draw-off without cracks and would lead to a filament breakage.
  • the filament cools gradually, so that - viewed radially - a uniform structure is formed. This allows the very fine microfilament with a small diameter to be stretched optimally. Furthermore, differences between the individual filaments of a multifilament spinneret are largely suppressed, which leads to a significant improvement in quality.
  • the cooling of the microfilament is under control, so that the risk of microfilaments with different diameters being avoided is avoided.
  • deviations in the diameters in the prior art are only slight, they are nevertheless noticeable, e.g. in that when the microfilaments or the textile are colored, the color of the different microfilaments with different diameters is also taken up differently. As a result, the uniform color impression of the product used as a high-quality textile suffers.
  • the method for producing microfilaments also includes known very small diameter Polymers used that are spinnable from a melt.
  • polyolefins, especially polypropylene, furthermore polyester and polyamide 6 and 6,6 can be spun by the process according to the invention.
  • Known bicomponent nozzles can advantageously be used, whereby it must be ensured that the outer part of the combined spinneret is modified in such a way that a uniform distribution of the hot air over all bores is ensured. Furthermore, the outer holes of the combined nozzle must be adapted to the air flow.
  • Such bicomponent nozzles have a jacket-core arrangement, in which case only the core nozzle is used for spinning the polymer melt and the hot air flow is generated at the jacket nozzle.
  • the spinning conditions with regard to the polymer melt can essentially be maintained in the invention as they are set when spinning a conventional spinning device.
  • the air temperatures in the outer part of the spinneret (bicomponent nozzle) depend on the melting temperature Embodiment of the invention is provided that the temperature difference between the two components should not be exceeded ⁇ 10 ° C. In the optimal case, the temperatures of the two components, melt and air, are equal.
  • the amount of air in the hot air can be adjusted in a simple manner, a minimum setting being necessary in order to ensure that a clean free jet is formed at each spinning hole at least just below the spinneret.
  • the microfilaments After running a distance of approximately 100 to 500 mm below the spinneret, the microfilaments can be cooled more intensely by cross-blowing, whereby the usual blowing chutes can be used here.
  • aerodynamic take-off devices in the form of an injector can also be used expediently within the scope of the invention, so that the microfilaments formed according to the invention can be used in a known manner and Wise also a spunbond can be formed.
  • the spinning device designated as a whole with the reference number 10 in FIG. 1 is known per se. It has a spinneret 12 with a spinning hole 14, through which melt 16 exits and is stretched into a microfilament 18.
  • the representation according to FIG. 1 shows only the case of a single microfilament. In practice, if a large number of microfilaments are produced, the spinneret 12 has a corresponding number of spinning holes 14.
  • the melt 16 When leaving the spinning hole 14, the melt 16 has a temperature of approximately 280 ° C. A transverse blowing with cooling air is indicated by the arrow 22, and the microfilament 18 cools down to such an extent that it still has a temperature of about 60 ° C. at the bottom of the roll.
  • the microfilament 18 is thus stretched by the roll, the rotational speed of which is decisive for the take-off speed.
  • a usual value of the take-off speed in FIG. 1 is 4000 to 6000 m / min.
  • FIG. 1 shows a spinning device for production clarified by microfilament yarns from which a textile can be woven or knitted
  • FIG. 2 shows a spinning device for the production of spunbonded webs known per se.
  • the take-off device is designed aerodynamically and is formed by an injector 24.
  • the microfilaments are deposited on a laterally moving catch belt 36.
  • a practical embodiment of the method according to the invention results from the exemplary embodiment of the spinning device according to FIG. 3.
  • the extruded microfilament 18 is embedded in a warm air flow indicated by the arrows A.
  • This warm air flow A accompanies the microfilament essentially within the stretching area 38, which is the main stretching area with a length of approximately 30 to 50 cm.
  • the total distance 1 between the bicomponent nozzle 26 and the roller 20 is approximately 1 m.
  • the microfilament 18 is blown transversely with cooling air 22 as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the temperature of which is the melt temperature of 280 ° C at the exit through the spinning hole 14 should not exceed or differ by ⁇ 10 ° C., too rapid cooling of the microfilament 18 is prevented. Rather, the cooling of the microfilament 18 is delayed and carried out continuously in the invention.
  • the invention ensures that, despite a reduction in the diameter of the microfilament 18, it is possible to work with the usual take-off speed of 4000-6000 m / min, so that the economy of a spinning system is not lost if smaller diameters of the microfilaments are desired.
  • a bicomponent nozzle 26 which is shown in more detail in FIG. 4 and which has a core nozzle 28 and a jacket nozzle 30 and also has an annular gap 32, can be used to generate the hot air flow A which is decisive in the invention.
  • the annular gap 32 surrounds an annular shape the spinning hole 34 from which the melt emerges.
  • melt is extruded both through the spinning hole 34 of the core nozzle 28 and through the annular gap 32 of the jacket nozzle 30, it is provided according to FIG. 4 that the melt exits exclusively via the inner core nozzle 28.
  • the hot air flow is supplied or generated through the annular gap 36 under pressure p and temperature T, which then surrounds the microfilament 18 in the form of a jacket.
  • the invention can also be used for the production of spunbonded fabric in a spinning device according to FIG. 2.
  • microfilament yarns with a super fine single titer of 0.33 dtex can be produced without sacrificing the economy of a spinning system, so that it is possible to produce textiles that are practically equivalent to natural silk.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE90/00941 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 19, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 19, 1992 PCT Filed Dec. 3, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO91/09162 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 27, 1991.An improved process and apparatus are provided for producing fine microfilaments of a melt-spinnable polymeric material having a silk-like character. The molten polymeric material is melt extruded through a plurality of extrusion orifices, is passed from the extrusion orifices while surrounded by a stream of headed air that surrounds and flows parallel with the molten polymeric material, is passed through a solidification zone wherein cooling air is transversely blown to contact the same, and a pulling force is exerted on the resulting solidified microfilamentary material which is applied below the solidification zone so a to accomplish substantial drawing of the polymeric material intermediate the extrusion orifices and its transformation in to a solidified microfilamentary material. The formation at a high rate of 4,000 to 6,000 meters per minute of quality fine microfilaments of less than 1 dtex per filament (e.g., 0.33 dtex) is made possible. Preferably, the stream of heated air that surrounds the molten polymeric material immediately after the melt extrusion is provided at a temperature that approximates the temperature of the molten filamentary material.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1, und außerdem befaßt sich die Erfindung noch mit einer Spinnvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten.The invention relates to a method for producing microfilaments according to the preamble of claim 1, and the invention also relates to a spinning device for producing microfilaments.

Als Mikrofilamente werden synthetische Filamente mit einem Einzeltiter von weniger als 1 dtex bezeichnet (die Angabe 1 dtex bedeutet, daß 10 km des Fadens bzw. des Filamentes 1 Gramm wiegt). Die Mikrofilamente besitzen also einen sehr geringen Durchmesser und werden in bekannter Weise zu Mikrofilamentgarnen verzwirnt. Diese Mikrofilamentgarne können gewebt oder gewirkt werden, um ein Textil herzustellen. Aufgrund des Einzeltiters von weniger als 1 dtex zeichnen sich die Textilien durch einen sehr weichen Griff und einen edlen Fall aus, so daß sie einen seidenähndlichen Charakter besitzen und sich dem Modetrend der Seidenstoffe anschließen können.Synthetic filaments with a single titer of less than 1 dtex are referred to as microfilaments (the specification 1 dtex means that 10 km of the thread or filament weighs 1 gram). The microfilaments therefore have a very small diameter and are twisted in a known manner to form microfilament yarns. These microfilament yarns can be woven or knitted to make a textile. Due to the single titer of less than 1 dtex, the textiles are characterized by a very soft feel and a noble case, so that they have a silk-like character and can follow the fashion trend of silk fabrics.

Die Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten erfolgt dadurch, daß aus dem Spinnloch einer mit einer Schmelze gespeisten Spinndüse das Mikrofilament mit einer großen Abzugsgeschwindigkeit abgezogen und verstreckt und nach Durchlaufen eines quer mit Kühlluft angeblasenen Bereiches auf einer Rolle aufgenommen wird. Im Anschluß daran erfolgt das Verzwirnen mit einer Vielzahl von Mikrofilamenten zu einem Mikrofilamentgarn, aus dem sich durch Weben das gewünschte Textil herstellen läßt.The production of microfilaments takes place in that the microfilament is drawn off and stretched at a high take-off speed from the spinning hole of a spinneret fed with a melt and is taken up on a roll after passing through an area blown transversely with cooling air. This is followed by twisting with a large number of microfilaments to form a microfilament yarn from which the desired textile can be produced by weaving.

Daneben ist es auch bekannt, Spinnvliese aus den Mikrofilamenten herzustellen, indem die aus Spinndüsen austretenden Filamente unter der Einwirkung eines Injektors nach Durchlaufen eines quer mit Kühlluft angeblasenen Bereiches abgezogen und auf einem sich fortlaufend bewegenden Ablegeband abgelegt werden. Auch solche aus Mikrofilamenten hergestellten Spinnvliese werden durch die Erfindung erfaßt.In addition, it is also known to produce spunbonded nonwovens from the microfilaments by pulling the filaments emerging from spinnerets under the action of an injector after passing through an area blown transversely with cooling air and depositing them on a continuously moving deposit belt. Such spunbonded nonwovens made from microfilaments are also covered by the invention.

Bei den aus synthetischen Polymeren erzeugten Mikrofilamenten liegt der Filamentdurchmesser je nach dem verwendeten synthetischen Polymer unterhalb von 12 »m bei Polypropylen und unterhalb von 11 »m bei Polyamid bzw. unterhalb von 10 »m bei Polyester. Die daraus gewonnenen Mikrofilamentgarne, die meistens als Polyamid- und Polyestergarne angeboten werden, weisen in der Regel einen Einzeltiter auf, der nur geringfügig 1 dtex unterschreitet.In the case of the microfilaments produced from synthetic polymers, the filament diameter, depending on the synthetic polymer used, is below 12 »m for polypropylene and below 11» m for polyamide or below 10 »m for polyester. The microfilament yarns obtained from it, which are mostly offered as polyamide and polyester yarns, generally have a single titer that is only slightly less than 1 dtex.

Wie weiter oben schon erwähnt wurde, ähneln die Mikrofilamentgarne und Textilerzeugnisse durch ihren weichen Griff der modisch bevorzugten Naturseide. Daneben besitzen die Textilgarne aus Mikrofilamenten aber noch einen weiteren Vorteil, der auf die Dichtigkeit des Flächengebildes zurückzuführen ist. Gewebe aus Mikrofilamentgarnen lassen sich nämlich so dicht weben, daß sie in ihren Diffusionseigenschaften semipermeablen Diaphragmen ähnlich sind. Diese Flächengebilde atmen, d.h., sie lassen Gase und auch Dämpfe, wie Wasserdampf, leicht durch, obwohl sie gleichzeitig schlecht benetzbar sind. Die schlechte Benetzbarkeit beruht auf dem kleinen Filamentdurchmesser und auf dem sich hierdurch bildenden ungünstigen Winkeln zwischen zwei Filamentoberflächen.As already mentioned above, the microfilament yarns and textile products resemble the fashionably preferred natural silk due to their soft feel. In addition, the textile yarns made from microfilaments have yet another advantage that is due to the tightness of the fabric. Fabrics made from microfilament yarns can be woven so densely that their diffusion properties are similar to semi-permeable diaphragms. These fabrics breathe, that is, they let gases and vapors such as water vapor through easily, even though they are poorly wettable at the same time. The poor wettability is due to the small filament diameter and the resulting unfavorable angles between two filament surfaces.

Die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der Textilien aus Filamentgarnen und auch der entsprechenden Spinnvliese sind also auf den relativ kleinen Durchmesser der Mikrofilamente zurückzuführen, die in der weiter oben beschriebenen Weise nach dem üblichen "Schnellspinnverfahren" hergestellt und in der Regel zu "POY-Garnen" (POY = Partially Oriented Yarn) zusammengefaßt werden. Die Polymerschmelze wird dabei durch die Spinndüse extrudiert, unterhalb der Spinndüse durch einen Luftstrom abgekühlt und bei hoher Geschwindigkeit - üblicher Weise etwa 6.000 m/min - abgezogen.The advantageous properties of the textiles made from filament yarns and also the corresponding spunbonded nonwovens can therefore be attributed to the relatively small diameter of the microfilaments, which are produced in the manner described above using the customary "rapid spinning process" and generally to "POY yarns" (POY = Partially Oriented Yarn) can be summarized. The polymer melt is extruded through the spinneret, cooled by an air stream below the spinneret and drawn off at high speed - usually around 6,000 m / min.

Um den seidenähnlichen Charakter der aus den Mikrofilamenten hergestellten Produkte (Textil oder Spinnvlies) weiter zu erhöhen und die geschilderten Vorteile weiter zu verbessern, wird in der Praxis angestrebt, den Durchmesser der Mikrofilamente bei ihrer Herstellung auf einen Einzeltiter von deutlich unter 1 dtex zu verringern. Unter der praktisch immer angestrebten Annahme, daß man auch mit den feineren Mikrofilamenten einen gleichen Gesamttiter des Mikrofilamentgarnes beibehalten soll, muß demnach die Zahl der Mikrofilamente im Garn bzw. die Zahl der Düsenbohrungen pro Mikrofilamentgarn proportional zur Reduzierung des Einzeltiters in d-tex steigen, weil für die Herstellung eines Mikrofilamentgarnes mit gleichem Durchmesser dann mehrere Mikrofilamente benötigt werden. Um die kleineren Durchmesser der Mikrofilamente zu erzielen, ist es erforderlich, den Massenstrom durch die unverändert bleibende Düsenbohrung (Spinnloch) zu reduzieren.In order to further increase the silk-like character of the products made from the microfilaments (textile or spunbond) and to further improve the described advantages, the aim in practice is to reduce the diameter of the microfilaments during their manufacture to a single titer of significantly less than 1 dtex. Under the assumption that it is practically always desired that the same total titer of the microfilament yarn should be maintained even with the finer microfilaments, the number of microfilaments in the yarn or the number of nozzle holes per microfilament yarn must be used increase proportionally to the reduction in the individual titer in d-tex, because several microfilaments are then required to produce a microfilament yarn with the same diameter. In order to achieve the smaller diameter of the microfilaments, it is necessary to reduce the mass flow through the unchanged nozzle bore (spinning hole).

Bei einer praktischen Realisierung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten mit kleineren Durchmessern muß allerdings noch berücksichtigt werden, daß die Filamentoberfläche bei gleichem Volumen umgekehrt proportional zur dritten Potenz des Filamentdurchmessers ist. Wird beispielsweise der Einzeltiter halbiert, so besitzt das dünnere Filament eine achtfache Oberfläche.In a practical implementation of a method for producing microfilaments with smaller diameters, however, it must also be taken into account that the filament surface is inversely proportional to the third power of the filament diameter for the same volume. If, for example, the individual titer is halved, the thinner filament has an eightfold surface.

Die größere Oberfläche ist aber im Zusammenhang mit der Abkühlung des Mikrofilaments zu sehen. Grundsätzlich setzt das Verstrecken des Mikrofilaments eine gewisse Temperatur voraus, und bei einer zu starken Abkühlung besteht die Gefahr, daß das Mikrofilament brüchig wird und abreißt, insbesondere bei den üblichen hohen Abzugsgeschwindigkeiten von 6.000 m/min.The larger surface area can be seen in connection with the cooling of the microfilament. Basically, the stretching of the microfilament requires a certain temperature, and if it cools down too much, there is a risk that the microfilament will become brittle and tear off, especially at the usual high take-off speeds of 6,000 m / min.

Bei einer zu raschen Abkühlung wird sich auf der Oberfläche des Mikrofilaments eine unterkühlte Haut bilden. Diese Haut ist dafür verantwortlich, daß es zu den Filamentbrüchen kommt. Die Haut ist nämlich bereits starr, während die innere Masse, die von der Haut umgeben ist, sich noch im verstreckungsfähigem Zustand befindet.If the cooling rate is too rapid, hypothermic skin will form on the surface of the microfilament. This skin is responsible for the filament breaks. The skin is already rigid, while the inner mass, which is surrounded by the skin, is still in a stretchable state.

Eine Abhlife ist hier nur dadurch möglich, daß die Abzugsgeschwindigkeit erheblich reduziert wird, wobei gleichzeitig auch der Massestrom der Schmelze durch die Spinndüse entsprechend verringert werden muß. Im anderen Fall, wenn also der Massenstrom konstant bleibt, würde die Reduzierung der Abzugsgeschwindigkeit dazu führen, daß die Filamente sich nicht mit dem gewünschten geringen Durchmesser herstellen lassen.A cut-off is only possible here if the take-off speed is considerably reduced, and at the same time the mass flow of the melt through the spinneret must be reduced accordingly. In the other case, if the mass flow remains constant, the reduction in the draw-off speed would result in the filaments not being able to be produced with the desired small diameter.

Die somit erforderliche Reduzierung der Abzugsgeschwindigkeit führt auf Werte von etwa 2.000 m/min (gegenüber dem üblichen Wert von 6.000 m/min). In Verbindung mit den entsprechend reduzierten Massenstrom ergibt sich dann aber eine erheblich reduzierte Leistung der Spinnvorrichtung, die sich nicht mehr wirtschaftlich betreiben läßt. Da man im übrigen bei der Realisierung einer entsprechend dimensionierten Spinnvorrichtung mit den zu berücksichtigenden Spinnbedingungen üblicher Weise bis auf die noch gerade akzeptable Grenze bezüglich der Filamentabrisse geht, wird zusätzlich auch noch die Qualität des Mikrofilamentgarnes beeinträchtigt, abgesehen davon, daß die Wirtschaftlichkeit einer entsprechenden Spinnvorrichtung darunter leidet, daß - im Vergleich zu Filamenten mit größeren Durchmessern und mit erhöhter Abzugsgeschwindigkeit - pro Zeiteinheit weniger Garne hergestellt werden können.The required reduction in the take-off speed leads to values of around 2,000 m / min (compared to the usual value of 6,000 m / min). In connection with the correspondingly reduced mass flow, however, this results in a considerably reduced performance of the spinning device, which can no longer be operated economically. Since one is otherwise in the implementation of an appropriately dimensioned spinning device with the spinning conditions to be taken into account in the usual way up to the still just acceptable limit with regard to filament tears, the quality of the microfilament yarn is additionally impaired, apart from the fact that the economy of a corresponding spinning device suffers from the fact that - compared to filaments with larger diameters and with increased take-off speed - fewer yarns can be produced per unit of time.

Durch die EP-A-0 244 217 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Filamenten bekannt, welches sich mit der Problematik der Behandlung von frisch aus einer Spinndüse mit hohen Abzugsgeschwindigkeiten abgezogenen und verstreckten Filamenten befaßt. Dabei ist direkt unterhalb eines Spinnloches der Spinndüse eine zylindrische Druckkammer vorgesehen, in welche die Filamente sofort nach dem Abziehen aus dem Spinnloch gelangen.From EP-A-0 244 217 a process for the production of filaments is known which deals with the problem of treating freshly drawn and drawn filaments from a spinneret at high take-off speeds. A cylindrical pressure chamber is provided directly underneath a spinning hole of the spinneret, into which the filaments immediately come out of the spinning hole.

Innerhalb der Druckkammer ist konzentrisch ein zylindrisches Sieb angeordnet, und von außen wird der Druckkammer warme Luft unter Druck zugeführt und durch das zylindrische Sieb gepreßt, in welchem die frisch aus der Spinndüse extrudierten Filamente gezogen werden. Dabei erfolgt die Zuführung der warmen Luft in einer überwiegend quer zur Abzugsrichtung der Filamente verlaufenden Richtung, wodurch die Filamente innerhalb der Druckkammer bzw. innerhalb des zylindrischen Siebes einer Belastung ausgesetzt sind. Im übrigen kommt es im zylindrischen Sieb auch zwangsläufig zu Turbulenzen, die eine zusätzliche Belastung für die frisch abgezogenen Filamente darstellen.A cylindrical screen is arranged concentrically within the pressure chamber, and warm air under pressure is supplied to the pressure chamber from outside and pressed through the cylindrical screen, in which the filaments freshly extruded from the spinneret are drawn. The warm air is supplied in a direction which is predominantly transverse to the direction in which the filaments are drawn off, as a result of which the filaments are subjected to a load within the pressure chamber or within the cylindrical screen. In addition, turbulence inevitably occurs in the cylindrical sieve, which places an additional load on the freshly drawn filaments.

Erst im Anschluß an die Druckkammer, die in ein Austrittsrohr mündet, verläuft die Richtung der warmen Luft parallel zur Richtung der Filamente. Das bedeutet, daß die Filamente erst dann von der warmen Luft mantelförmig umhüllt werden können, nachdem sie das sich an den Druckraum unten anschließende Austrittsrohr verlassen haben. Für die Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten, also von Filamenten mit einem Einzeltiter von weniger als 1 dtex ist das bekannte Verfahren nicht geeignet, weil die erwähnten Belastungen innerhalb der Druckkammer bzw. innerhalb des zylindrischen Siebes, also in einem Bereich, der sich unmittelbar an die Austrittsöffnung des Spinnloches anschließt, zu groß sind. Im übrigen werden die Filamente in einem Kühlbereich nicht quer, sondern parallel zur Richtung der Filamente mit Kühlluft angeblasen.Only after the pressure chamber, which opens into an outlet tube, does the direction of the warm air run parallel to the direction of the filaments. This means that the filaments can only be enveloped by the warm air in a jacket-like manner after they have left the outlet pipe adjoining the pressure chamber below. The known method is not suitable for the production of microfilaments, i.e. filaments with a single titer of less than 1 dtex, because the stresses mentioned are within the pressure chamber or within the cylindrical sieve, i.e. in an area that is directly adjacent to the outlet opening of the Spinning hole connects, are too large. Otherwise, the filaments in a cooling area are not blown with cooling air parallel to the direction of the filaments.

Durch die EP-A-0 245 011 ist ferner ein ähnliches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Filamenten bekannt, wobei die Filamente aus mit einer Schmelze gespeisten Spinndüsen durch ein Spinnloch nach Durchlaufen eines Kühlbereiches mit einer großen Abzugsgeschwindigkeit abgezogen und verstreckt werden. Auch hier schließt sich unmittelbar an das Spinnloch zunächst eine Kammer mit einem zylindrischen Sieb an, durch welches quer zur Richtung der Filamente warme Luft unter Druck zugeführt wird. Erst nach Verlassen der genannten Kammer verläuft die zugeführte warme Luft in einer Richtung parallel zu den Filamenten. Für den Bereich unmittelbar an der Austrittsöffnung des Spinnloches gelten somit die weiter oben genannten Nachteile, wenn es um die Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten mit sehr kleinem Durchmesser geht.EP-A-0 245 011 also discloses a similar process for the production of filaments, the filaments being drawn off and stretched from a spinneret fed with a melt through a spinning hole after passing through a cooling area at a high take-off speed. Here, too, a chamber with a cylindrical sieve immediately adjoins the spinning hole, through which warm air is fed under pressure transversely to the direction of the filaments. Only after leaving the chamber mentioned does the warm air supplied run in one direction parallel to the filaments. The disadvantages mentioned above apply to the area directly at the outlet opening of the spinning hole when it comes to the production of microfilaments with a very small diameter.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches ohne Verschlechterung der Wirtschaftlichkeit und der Qualität die Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten mit seht kleinen Durchmessern ermöglicht, und außerdem soll durch die Erfindung eine Spinnvorrichtung geschaffen werden, die eine wirtschaftliche Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten mit kleinen Durchmessern gestattet.The invention has for its object to provide a method which allows the production of microfilaments with very small diameters without deterioration of economy and quality, and also to be created by the invention, a spinning device which allows economical production of microfilaments with small diameters .

Im Hinblick auf das Verfahren erfolgt die Lösung dieser Aufgabe bei dem im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 vorausgesetzten Verfahren durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils, und hinsichtlich der Spinnvorrichtung wird die Aufgabe bei einer Spinnvorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 10 durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst.With regard to the method, this object is achieved in the method presupposed in the preamble of patent claim 1 by the features of the characterizing part, and with regard to the spinning device, the object in a spinning apparatus according to the preamble of patent claim 10 is achieved by the method characteristic features solved.

In neuartiger Weise ist bei der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die Mikrofilamente unmittelbar nach dem Austritt aus dem Spinnloch durch eine nach unten ausgerichtete Strömung von Heißluft begleitet werden. Das extrudierte Filament wird also nach dem Austritt aus dem Spinnloch in einen warmen Luftstrom eingebettet, welcher das Filament vorzugsweise mantelförmig umgibt. Durch die Umhüllung mit Heißluft wird der negative Einfluß der großen Oberfläche der Mikrofilamente, die zu einer raschen Abkühlung führen, kompensiert. Dadurch wird ein zu schnelles Abkühlen des Filaments - bedingt durch die wesentlich höhere spezifische Oberfläche - verhindert. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht somit darin, daß der Filamentabzug problemlos auch bei den üblichen hohen Geschwindigkeiten von 4.000 - 6.000 n/min erfolgen kann.In a novel manner, the invention provides that the microfilaments are accompanied by a downward flow of hot air immediately after they exit the spinning hole. The extruded filament is thus embedded in a warm air stream after exiting the spinning hole, which preferably surrounds the filament in the form of a jacket. The hot air coating compensates for the negative influence of the large surface area of the microfilaments, which leads to rapid cooling. This prevents the filament from cooling too quickly - due to the much higher specific surface area. A major advantage of the invention is therefore that the filament can be drawn off easily even at the usual high speeds of 4,000-6,000 n / min.

Aufgrund dieser hohen Abzugsgeschwindigkeit ist es dann auch möglich, selbst bei extrem feinen Mikrofilamenten den Massenausstoß der Schmelze zu verbessern, wodurch die Wirtschaftlichkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gewährleistet ist.Because of this high take-off speed, it is then also possible to improve the mass output of the melt even with extremely fine microfilaments, thereby ensuring the economy of the process according to the invention.

Gleichzeitig wird die Neigung zu Filamentbrüchen erheblich vermindert und ferner wird die Gleichmäßigkeit der Filamentdurchmesser über die gesamte Düsenbohrung verbessert. Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Mikrofilametgarne gewähren somit eine deutlich bessere Qualität, wobei die eingangs beschriebenen Nachteile beseitigt sind.At the same time, the tendency to filament breaks is considerably reduced and the uniformity of the filament diameters over the entire nozzle bore is improved. The microfilament yarns produced by the method according to the invention thus guarantee a significantly better quality, the disadvantages described at the outset being eliminated.

Der Schutzmantel aus Heißluft schützt das gerade extrudierte und gebildete Filament unmittelbar nach dem Austritt aus dem Spinnloch der Spinndüse vor einer zu raschen Abkühlung. Somit kann keine rasch gekühlte Außenhaut des Filamentes entstehen, die durch die von dem schnellen Filamentabzug hervorgerufene Schubspannung ohne die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen durch Risse beschädigt und zu einem Filamentbruch führen würde.The protective jacket made of hot air protects the just extruded and formed filament from cooling too quickly immediately after it emerges from the spinning hole of the spinneret. Thus, no rapidly cooled outer skin of the filament can arise, which would be damaged by the shear stress caused by the rapid filament draw-off without cracks and would lead to a filament breakage.

Vielmehr wird bei der Erfindung dafür Sorge getragen, daß das Filament sich allmählich abkühlt, so daß eine - radial betrachtet - gleichmäßige Struktur entsteht. Dadurch läßt sich auch das sehr feine Mikrofilament mit geringem Durchmesser optimal verstrecken. Ferner sind auch Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Filamenten einer Multifilament-Spinndüse weitgehend unterdrückt, was zu einer deutlichen Qualitätsverbesserung führt.Rather, care is taken in the invention that the filament cools gradually, so that - viewed radially - a uniform structure is formed. This allows the very fine microfilament with a small diameter to be stretched optimally. Furthermore, differences between the individual filaments of a multifilament spinneret are largely suppressed, which leads to a significant improvement in quality.

Da die Abkühlung des Mikrofilaments bei der Erfindung nicht plötzlich, sondern kontinuierlich erfolgt, ist die Gefahr beseitigt, daß bei einer zu raschen Abkühlung eine unterkühlte Haut auf der Oberfläche des Filamentes entsteht, die dafür verantwortlich ist, daß es zu Filamentbrüchen kommen kann.Since the cooling of the microfilament in the invention does not take place suddenly, but continuously, the risk is eliminated that if the cooling is too rapid, an undercooled skin is formed on the surface of the filament, which is responsible for filament breaks.

Unter Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. mit der erfindungsgemäßen Spinnvorrichtung ist die Kühlung des Mikrofilamentes unter Kontrolle, so daß die Gefahr vermieden ist, daß sich Mikrofilamente mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern ergeben. Zwar sind solche beim Stand der Technik mögliche Abweichungen in den Durchmessern nur gering, gleichwohl aber bemerkbar, z.B. dadurch, daß bei einer Färbung der Mikrofilamente bzw. des Textils die Farbe von den unterschiedlichen Mikrofilamenten mit verschiedenen Durchmessern auch unterschiedlich aufgenommen wird. Dadurch leidet der gleichmäßige Farbeindruck des nach seiner Bestimmung als hochwertiges Textil verwendeten Produktes.Using the method according to the invention or with the spinning device according to the invention, the cooling of the microfilament is under control, so that the risk of microfilaments with different diameters being avoided is avoided. Although such deviations in the diameters in the prior art are only slight, they are nevertheless noticeable, e.g. in that when the microfilaments or the textile are colored, the color of the different microfilaments with different diameters is also taken up differently. As a result, the uniform color impression of the product used as a high-quality textile suffers.

In zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden bei dem Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mikrofilamenten mit sehr kleinem Durchmesser bekannte
Polymere verwendet, die aus einer Schmelze spinnbar sind. Insbesondere sind Polyolefine, vor allem Polypropylen, weiterhin Polyester sowie Polyamid 6 und 6,6 nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verspinnbar.
In an expedient embodiment of the invention, the method for producing microfilaments also includes known very small diameter
Polymers used that are spinnable from a melt. In particular, polyolefins, especially polypropylene, furthermore polyester and polyamide 6 and 6,6 can be spun by the process according to the invention.

In vorteilhafter Weise lassen sich an sich bekannte Bikomponentendüsen verwenden, wobei gewährleistet werden muß, daß der äußere Teil der kombinierten Spinndüse so abgeändert wird, daß eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Heißluft über alle Bohrungen gewährleistet ist. Ferner müssen die äußeren Bohrungen der kombinierten Düse der Luftströmung angepaßt werden.Known bicomponent nozzles can advantageously be used, whereby it must be ensured that the outer part of the combined spinneret is modified in such a way that a uniform distribution of the hot air over all bores is ensured. Furthermore, the outer holes of the combined nozzle must be adapted to the air flow.

Solche Bikomponentdüsen besitzen eine Mantel-Kern-Anordnung, wobei dann nur die Kern-Düse zur Verspinnung der Polymerschmelze verwendet und an der Mantel-Düse der heiße Luftstrom erzeugt wird.Such bicomponent nozzles have a jacket-core arrangement, in which case only the core nozzle is used for spinning the polymer melt and the hot air flow is generated at the jacket nozzle.

Die Spinnbedingungen bezüglich der Polymerschmelze können bei der Erfindung im wesentlichen so beibehalten werden, wie sie bei der Verspinnung einer üblichen Spinnvorrichtung eingestellt sind. Die Lufttemperaturen im äußerem Teil der Spinndüse (Bikomponentdüse) richten sich dabei nach der Schmelztemperatur, wobei in zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen ist, daß die Temperaturdifferenz beider Komponenten ±10°C nicht überschritten werden sollte. Im optimalen Fall gleichen sich die Temperaturen der beiden Komponenten Schmelze und Luft einander an.The spinning conditions with regard to the polymer melt can essentially be maintained in the invention as they are set when spinning a conventional spinning device. The air temperatures in the outer part of the spinneret (bicomponent nozzle) depend on the melting temperature Embodiment of the invention is provided that the temperature difference between the two components should not be exceeded ± 10 ° C. In the optimal case, the temperatures of the two components, melt and air, are equal.

Die Luftmenge der Heißluft läßt sich in einfacher Weise einstellen, wobei eine Mindesteinstellung erforderlich ist, um zu gewährleisten, daß sich an jedem Spinnloch zumindest kurz unterhalb der Spinndüse ein sauberer Freistrahl bildet.The amount of air in the hot air can be adjusted in a simple manner, a minimum setting being necessary in order to ensure that a clean free jet is formed at each spinning hole at least just below the spinneret.

Nach Durchlauf einer Strecke von etwa 100 bis 500 mm unterhalb der Spinndüse können die Mikrofilamente durch eine Queranblasung schon stärker abgekühlt werden, wobei hier die üblichen Anblasschächte verwendet werden können.After running a distance of approximately 100 to 500 mm below the spinneret, the microfilaments can be cooled more intensely by cross-blowing, whereby the usual blowing chutes can be used here.

Neben den mechanischen Abzugsvorrichtungen in Form einer Rolle, die zur Herstellung von Mikrofilametgarnen aus Mikrofilamenten geeignet sind, lassen sich im Rahmen der Erfindung in zweckmäßiger Weise auch aerodynamische Abzugsvorrichtungen in Form eines Injektors verwenden, so daß aus den nach der Erfindung gebildeten Mikrofilamenten in bekannter Art und Weise auch ein Spinnvlies gebildet werden kann.In addition to the mechanical take-off devices in the form of a roll, which are suitable for producing microfilament yarns from microfilaments, aerodynamic take-off devices in the form of an injector can also be used expediently within the scope of the invention, so that the microfilaments formed according to the invention can be used in a known manner and Wise also a spunbond can be formed.

Andere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung.Other expedient refinements and advantageous developments of the invention result from the subclaims, the description and the drawing.

Zum besseren Verständnis wird die Erfindung nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer bekannten Spinnvorrichtung mit einer mechanischen Abzugsvorrichtung in Form einer Rolle,
Fig. 2
eine Spinnvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1, jedoch mit einer aerodynamischen Abzugsvorrichtung,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der Spinnvorrichtung nach der Erfindung, und
Fig. 4
eine Detaildarstellung einer in Fig. 3 verwendeten Bikomponentdüse.
For a better understanding, the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
1 shows a schematic illustration of a known spinning device with a mechanical take-off device in the form of a roll,
Fig. 2
1, but with an aerodynamic take-off device,
Fig. 3
is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the spinning device according to the invention, and
Fig. 4
a detailed view of a bicomponent nozzle used in Fig. 3.

Die als Ganzes mit der Bezugsziffer 10 bezeichnete Spinnvorrichtung in Fig. 1 ist an sich bekannt. Sie besitzt eine Spinndüse 12 mit einem Spinnloch 14 , durch welches Schmelze 16 austritt und zu einem Mikrofilament 18 verstreckt wird. Als Abzugsvorrichtung dient eine sich drehende Rolle 20, auf welcher die Mikrofilamente 18 aufgerollt werden. Die Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt aus Gründen der besseren Übersichtlichkeit lediglich den Fall eines einzelnen Mikrofilamentes. In der Praxis, wenn eine Vielzahl von Mikrofilamenten hergestellt wird, besitzt die Spinndüse 12 eine entsprechende Anzahl von Spinnlöchern 14.The spinning device designated as a whole with the reference number 10 in FIG. 1 is known per se. It has a spinneret 12 with a spinning hole 14, through which melt 16 exits and is stretched into a microfilament 18. A rotating roller 20, on which the microfilaments 18 are rolled up, serves as the take-off device. For the sake of clarity, the representation according to FIG. 1 shows only the case of a single microfilament. In practice, if a large number of microfilaments are produced, the spinneret 12 has a corresponding number of spinning holes 14.

Beim Austritt aus dem Spinnloch 14 besitzt die Schmelze 16 eine Temperatur von etwa 280°C. Durch den Pfeil 22 ist eine Queranblasung mit Kühlluft angedeutet, und das Mikrofilament 18 kühlt sich soweit ab, daß es unten an der Rolle noch etwa eine Temperatur von 60°C besitzt.When leaving the spinning hole 14, the melt 16 has a temperature of approximately 280 ° C. A transverse blowing with cooling air is indicated by the arrow 22, and the microfilament 18 cools down to such an extent that it still has a temperature of about 60 ° C. at the bottom of the roll.

Das Verstrecken des Mikrofilamentes 18 erfolgt also durch die Rolle, dessen Drehgeschwindigkeit maßgebend für die Abzugsgeschwindigkeit ist. Ein üblicher Wert der Abzugsgeschwindigkeit liegt in Fig. 1 bei 4000 bis 6000 m/min.The microfilament 18 is thus stretched by the roll, the rotational speed of which is decisive for the take-off speed. A usual value of the take-off speed in FIG. 1 is 4000 to 6000 m / min.

Während Fig. 1 eine Spinnvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Mikrofilamentgarnen verdeutlicht, aus denen ein Textil gewebt oder gewirkt werden kann, stellt Fig. 2 eine an sich bekannte Spinnvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Spinnvliesen dar. Hierbei ist die Abzugsvorrichtung aerodynamisch gestaltet und durch einen Injektor 24 gebildet. Auf einem sich seitwätrs bewegenden Auffangband 36 werden die Mikrofilamente abgelegt.1 shows a spinning device for production clarified by microfilament yarns from which a textile can be woven or knitted, FIG. 2 shows a spinning device for the production of spunbonded webs known per se. The take-off device is designed aerodynamically and is formed by an injector 24. The microfilaments are deposited on a laterally moving catch belt 36.

Eine praktische Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergibt sich aus dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Spinnvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3. Unmittelbar am Austritt aus einer als Spinndüse wirkenden Bikomponentdüse 26 wird das extrudierte Mikrofilament 18 in einen durch die Pfeile A angedeuteten warmen Luftstrom eingebettet. Dieser warme Luftstrom A begleitet das Mikrofilament im wesentlichen innerhalb des Verstreckungsbereiches 38, der den hauptsächlichen Verstreckungsbereich mit einer Länge von etwa 30 bis 50 cm darstellt. Der gesamte Abstand 1 zwischen der Bikomponentdüse 26 und der Rolle 20 beträgt etwa 1m.A practical embodiment of the method according to the invention results from the exemplary embodiment of the spinning device according to FIG. 3. Immediately at the outlet from a bicomponent nozzle 26 acting as a spinneret, the extruded microfilament 18 is embedded in a warm air flow indicated by the arrows A. This warm air flow A accompanies the microfilament essentially within the stretching area 38, which is the main stretching area with a length of approximately 30 to 50 cm. The total distance 1 between the bicomponent nozzle 26 and the roller 20 is approximately 1 m.

Unterhalb des Verstreckungsbereiches 38 wird das Mikrofilament 18 wie schon in Fig. 1 und 2 mit Kühlluft 22 quer angeblasen. Durch die Zufuhr des warmen Luftstromes A, dessen Temperatur die Schmelzetemperatur von 280°C am Austritt durch das Spinnloch 14 nicht um ± 10°C über- bzw. unterscheiden sollte, wird eine zu rasche Abkühlung des Mikrofilaments 18 unterbunden. Vielmehr wird die Abkühlung des Mikrofilaments 18 bei der Erfindung verzögert und kontinuierlich vorgenommen.Below the stretching area 38, the microfilament 18 is blown transversely with cooling air 22 as in FIGS. 1 and 2. By supplying the warm air stream A, the temperature of which is the melt temperature of 280 ° C at the exit through the spinning hole 14 should not exceed or differ by ± 10 ° C., too rapid cooling of the microfilament 18 is prevented. Rather, the cooling of the microfilament 18 is delayed and carried out continuously in the invention.

Dadurch, daß die Abkühlung nicht plötzlich, sondern kontinuierlich erfolgt, ist der Gefhr begegnet, daß sich auf der Oberfläche des Mikorfilaments 18 eine unterkühlte Haut bildet und daß es dadurch zu Filamentabbrüchen kommt.The fact that the cooling does not occur suddenly, but continuously, counteracts the risk that an undercooled skin forms on the surface of the microfilament 18 and that filament breaks off as a result.

Weiterhin ist durch die Erfindung gewährleistet, daß trotz einer Verringerung des Durchmessers des Mikrofilaments 18 mit der üblichen Abzugsgeschwindigkeit von 4000 - 6000 m/min gearbeitet werden kann, so daß die Wirtschftlichkeit einer Spinnanlage nicht verloren geht, wenn kleinere Durchmesser der Mikrofilamente gewünscht sind.Furthermore, the invention ensures that, despite a reduction in the diameter of the microfilament 18, it is possible to work with the usual take-off speed of 4000-6000 m / min, so that the economy of a spinning system is not lost if smaller diameters of the microfilaments are desired.

Für die Erzeugung des bei der Erfindung entscheidenden heißen Luftstroms A läßt sich eine in Fig. 4 näher dargestellte Bikomponentdüse 26 verwenden, die eine Kerndüse 28 sowie eine Manteldüse 30 besitzt und ferner ein Ringspalt 32 aufweist. Der Ringspalt 32 umgibt kreisringförmig das Spinnloch 34, aus welchem die Schmelze austritt.A bicomponent nozzle 26, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 4 and which has a core nozzle 28 and a jacket nozzle 30 and also has an annular gap 32, can be used to generate the hot air flow A which is decisive in the invention. The annular gap 32 surrounds an annular shape the spinning hole 34 from which the melt emerges.

Während bei der bekannten Verwendung der Bikomponentdüse 26 sowohl durch das Spinnloch 34 der Kerndüse 28 als auch durch den Ringspalt 32 der Manteldüse 30 Schmelze extudiert wird, wird gemäß Fig. 4 vorgesehen, daß die Schmelze ausschließlich über die innere Kerndüse 28 austritt. Durch den Ringspalt 36 wird demgegenüber unter Druck p und Temperatur T der heiße Luftstrom zugeführt bzw. erzeugt, der das Mikrofilament 18 dann mantelförmig umgibt.While in the known use of the bicomponent nozzle 26, melt is extruded both through the spinning hole 34 of the core nozzle 28 and through the annular gap 32 of the jacket nozzle 30, it is provided according to FIG. 4 that the melt exits exclusively via the inner core nozzle 28. By contrast, the hot air flow is supplied or generated through the annular gap 36 under pressure p and temperature T, which then surrounds the microfilament 18 in the form of a jacket.

Selbstverständlich läßt sich die Erfindung unter Einsatz der Bikomponentdüse 26 auch für die Erzeugung von Spinnvlies bei einer Spinnvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 einsetzen.Of course, using the bicomponent nozzle 26, the invention can also be used for the production of spunbonded fabric in a spinning device according to FIG. 2.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. der neuen Spinnvorrichtung lassen sich ohne Einbußen der Wirtschaftlichkeit einer Spinnanlage Mikrofilamentgarne mit superfeinem Einzeltiter von 0,33 dtex erzeugen, so daß die Herstellung von Textilien möglich ist, die praktisch mit Naturseide gleichzusetzen sind.With the method according to the invention or the new spinning device, microfilament yarns with a super fine single titer of 0.33 dtex can be produced without sacrificing the economy of a spinning system, so that it is possible to produce textiles that are practically equivalent to natural silk.

Claims (13)

  1. Method of making microfilaments of small diameter for synthetic yarns or for spun tissues, wherein the microfilaments from spinning nozzles supplied with a melt are pulled at high drawing speed and stretched through a spinning orifice (nozzle bore) after passing through a region across which cooling air is transversely blown, characterized in that the microfilaments, immediately after issuing from the spinning orifice, are subjected to a hot air stream in such a manner that the hot air stream surrounds the microfilament in the manner of a sheath immediately after it issues from the spinning orifice.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hot air stream is supplied under pressure and at an air temperature corresponding approximately to the temperature of the melt.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the difference between the temperature of the melt and the air temperature of the hot air is up to about ± 10°C.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the microfilaments are transversely blown with cooling air at a distance underneath the spinning nozzle for the purpose of cooling them.
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the distance is at least about 100 mm, preferably 500 mm.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drawn and stretched filaments are twisted or wound up to form a microfilament yarn.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drawn and stretched microfilaments are deposited or layed down to form a spun tissue.
  8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the microfilaments are pulled by an aerodynamic pulling device.
  9. Spinning apparatus for the production of microfilaments of small diameter for synthetic yarns or spun tissues, wherein the microfilaments from a spinning nozzle supplied with a melt are pulled and stretched at a high drawing speed through a spinning orifice (nozzle bore) after passing through a region across which cooling air is transversely blown, characterized in that the spinning apparatus (10) contains a multiple spinning nozzle (26) having a plurality of spinning orifices (34), through which the melt issues, and that the multiple spinning nozzle is provided, concentrically to each spinning orifice (34), with an opening (32), through which a hot air stream (A) issues.
  10. A Spinning apparatus according to Claim 9, characterizd in that the multiple spinning nozzle (26) is constructed in the manner of a two-part nozzle having a core nozzle (28) and a casing nozzle (30).
  11. Spinning apparatus according to Claim 10, characterized in that the casing nozzle (30) possesses an annular gap (32), concentrically surrounding the core nozzle (28) provided for the discharge of the melt (16), through which gap the hot air (A) issues at a pressure (p).
  12. Spinning apparatus according to one of the preceding Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the spinning apparatus contains a roller (20) as mechanical pulling device for the microfilaments (18).
  13. Spinning apparatus according to one of the preceding Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the spinning apparatus contains an injector (24) as aerodynamic pulling device for the micro-filaments (18) and a receiving belt for forming a spun tissue.
EP90917481A 1989-12-19 1990-12-03 Process and spinning device for making microfilaments Expired - Lifetime EP0541552B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3941824 1989-12-19
DE3941824A DE3941824A1 (en) 1989-12-19 1989-12-19 METHOD AND SPINNING DEVICE FOR PRODUCING MICROFILAMENTS
PCT/DE1990/000941 WO1991009162A1 (en) 1989-12-19 1990-12-03 Process and spinning device for making microfilaments

Publications (2)

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EP0541552A1 EP0541552A1 (en) 1993-05-19
EP0541552B1 true EP0541552B1 (en) 1994-06-29

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US (1) US5310514A (en)
EP (1) EP0541552B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2918332B2 (en)
KR (1) KR920703889A (en)
AT (1) ATE107971T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3941824A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991009162A1 (en)

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US5405682A (en) 1992-08-26 1995-04-11 Kimberly Clark Corporation Nonwoven fabric made with multicomponent polymeric strands including a blend of polyolefin and elastomeric thermoplastic material
CA2092604A1 (en) 1992-11-12 1994-05-13 Richard Swee-Chye Yeo Hydrophilic, multicomponent polymeric strands and nonwoven fabrics made therewith
US5482772A (en) 1992-12-28 1996-01-09 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Polymeric strands including a propylene polymer composition and nonwoven fabric and articles made therewith
BR9400682A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-10-18 Akzo Nv Apparatus for the fusing spinning of multifilament yarns and their application
US5759926A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fine denier fibers and fabrics made therefrom
BR9611827A (en) 1995-11-30 1999-09-28 Kimberly Clark Co non-woven weave of superfine microfibers.
JP3662455B2 (en) * 1999-11-22 2005-06-22 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 Polypropylene nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same
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BR0107280A (en) 2001-09-17 2004-03-23 Rhodia Poliamida Ltda Microfibers for reinforcement of inorganic matrices, such as cement, mortar. plaster and concrete, polyamide-based microfibres for inorganic matrix reinforcement, process for obtaining polyamide-based microfibres for inorganic matrix reinforcement and fiber-cement products
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3941824A1 (en) 1991-06-27
WO1991009162A1 (en) 1991-06-27
KR920703889A (en) 1992-12-18
EP0541552A1 (en) 1993-05-19
DE59006327D1 (en) 1994-08-04
US5310514A (en) 1994-05-10
DE3941824C2 (en) 1992-01-16
JP2918332B2 (en) 1999-07-12
JPH05502483A (en) 1993-04-28
ATE107971T1 (en) 1994-07-15

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