EP0540977B1 - Internal combustion engine with oil pump on the camshaft - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine with oil pump on the camshaft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0540977B1
EP0540977B1 EP92118294A EP92118294A EP0540977B1 EP 0540977 B1 EP0540977 B1 EP 0540977B1 EP 92118294 A EP92118294 A EP 92118294A EP 92118294 A EP92118294 A EP 92118294A EP 0540977 B1 EP0540977 B1 EP 0540977B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
combustion engine
internal combustion
camshaft
engine according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92118294A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0540977A1 (en
Inventor
Urs Wenger
Hans Rudolf Jenni
Hans Peter Goetti
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Swatch Group Management Services AG
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SMH Management Services AG
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Publication of EP0540977A1 publication Critical patent/EP0540977A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/06—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of crankshafts or connecting rods with lubricant passageways, e.g. bores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, the particular arrangement of the pressure pump of the type with tangential pinion gears, for the circulation of oil in the various organs, makes it possible to reduce the bulk and the weight. said motor, as well as its maintenance cost, for example during disassembly.
  • the pressure pump used to circulate the oil in the various greasing members is constituted by an autonomous mechanical assembly with closed casing, driven either directly by the crankshaft, or indirectly by the latter, by appropriate means. , such as gears or a toothed belt.
  • the engine according to the invention has, on the contrary, a pressure pump for the circulation of oil with a sump open on one side, closed by direct fixing on the cylinder head, the movable members of the pump being directly driven by the camshaft, to which they are secured by means of an axial stop.
  • the seal between the cylinder head and the pump body is ensured by O-rings and lip seals, and the axial play is adjusted by means of a flat washer, disposed between an annular shoulder of the body. pump and the corresponding internal face of the movable member of the pump driven by the camshaft.
  • FIG. 1 it appears that the pump 1, partially masked by the drive wheel 2 of the camshaft, is fixed by the screws 3 on the cylinder head 5 of the engine. Also shown in this figure are the inlet 6 and outlet 7 ducts for the pump oil as well as the inlet duct 8 for the oil in the distribution member 22 on the bearings of the shaft to cams.
  • the pulley 11 constitutes only a tensor for the belt coming from the pulley 9 fixed on the crankshaft.
  • Figure 2 which shows an enlarged view of the section along line II-II of Figure 1, shows the assembly of the camshaft 20, located in the cylinder head 5 with, on the one hand the oil distribution 22 on the bearings, and on the other hand the pump 1 and the flywheel 2.
  • the body of the pump 1 appears in dotted lines one of the fixing screws 24 of the pump body on the cylinder head.
  • the O-ring 25 seals between the pump body and the cylinder head, and the seal 26 between the pump body and the open end of the oil distribution member 22 on the shaft bearings with cams.
  • the washer 28 and the screw 29 constitute the stop for the camshaft, the latter being made integral with the drive wheel 2 in rotation by the key 30.
  • FIG. 3 which is an enlargement of a part of FIG. 2, makes it possible to better understand the embodiment of the invention at the level of the pump itself.
  • the reference 40 designates the drive pinion of the gear pump and the reference 41 designates the idler gear.
  • the part 43 is a collar ring, engaged on the camshaft 20, between the flywheel 2 and the pinion 40, the lip seal 45 bearing on said collar ring.
  • the pinion 40 is itself supported on the annular shoulder 50 of the camshaft.
  • the planar washer 47 is positioned between the internal face of the drive pinion 40 and a shoulder 49 of the pump block. In this shoulder also appears in dotted lines a breather 51 connecting the space where the seal 45 is located and the suction side of the pump.
  • Figure 4 shows the inlet ports 53 and outlet 54 of the oil; the holes 56 are intended for the guide pins and the holes 24 for the assembly screws 3; the grooves 58 and 59 are intended to receive the seals between the body of the pump 1 and, on the one hand the cylinder head 5, on the other hand the oil distribution member 22 on the bearings of the camshaft.
  • Reference 60 designates the safety valve assembly.
  • the return duct 62 of the safety valve also appears in section in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the seal between the pump body and the cylinder head is ensured by the O-ring 25, housed in the groove 58, and kept in pressure by means of the screws 3. It therefore appears, once the drive wheel 2 removed, that the simple unscrewing of the screws 3 allows both to remove and disassemble the pump for its maintenance.
  • the O-ring 26, housed in the groove 59 makes it possible to hermetically seal the orifice of the duct of the oil distribution member 22, said orifice resulting from the imperatives of machining.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un moteur à combustion interne, dont la disposition particulière de la pompe de pression du type à engrenages à pignons tangentiels, pour le circulation de l'huile dans les différents organes, permet de diminuer l'encombrement et le poids dudit moteur, ainsi que son coût d'entretien, par exemple lors des démontages.The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, the particular arrangement of the pressure pump of the type with tangential pinion gears, for the circulation of oil in the various organs, makes it possible to reduce the bulk and the weight. said motor, as well as its maintenance cost, for example during disassembly.

Dans les moteurs usuels la pompe de pression servant à faire circuler l'huile dans les différents organes à graisser, est constituée par un ensemble mécanique autonome à carter fermé, entraîné soit directement par le vilebrequin, soit indirectement par ce dernier, par des moyens appropriés, tels que des engrenages ou une courroie crantée.In conventional engines, the pressure pump used to circulate the oil in the various greasing members, is constituted by an autonomous mechanical assembly with closed casing, driven either directly by the crankshaft, or indirectly by the latter, by appropriate means. , such as gears or a toothed belt.

Le document EP-A-0 517 014, bénéficiant d'une date antérieure mais publié postérieurement au dépôt de la présente demande, décrit une pompe de pression à engrenages, entraînée directement par un arbre à came. Il est toutefois à noter qu'il s'agit d'une pompe à engrenages à pignons concentriques logés dans un carter ouvert des deux côtés, le côté intérieur étant obturé par le carter moteur, et le côté extérieur étant obturé par l'action conjointe d'un joint placé entre un volant et le carter de la pompe et d'une rondelle d'étanchéité maintenue par des moyens élastiques en appui contre les passages de circulation d'huile.The document EP-A-0 517 014, benefiting from an earlier date but published after the filing of the present application, describes a gear pressure pump, driven directly by a camshaft. It should however be noted that it is a pump with concentric pinion gears housed in a casing open on both sides, the internal side being closed by the crankcase, and the external side being closed by the joint action. a seal placed between a flywheel and the pump housing and a sealing washer held by elastic means in abutment against the oil circulation passages.

Le moteur selon l'invention possède au contraire une pompe de pression pour la circulation de l'huile à carter ouvert d'un seul côté, obturé par fixation directe sur la culasse, les organes mobiles de la pompe étant directement entraînés par l'arbre à cames, auquel ils sont assujettis au moyen d'une butée axiale. Selon l'invention, l'étanchéité entre la culasse et le corps de la pompe est assurée par des joints toriques et des joints à lèvre, et le jeu axial est ajusté au moyen d'une rondelle planée, disposée entre un épaulement annulaire du corps de pompe et la face interne correspondante de l'organe mobile de la pompe entrainé par l'arbre à cames.The engine according to the invention has, on the contrary, a pressure pump for the circulation of oil with a sump open on one side, closed by direct fixing on the cylinder head, the movable members of the pump being directly driven by the camshaft, to which they are secured by means of an axial stop. According to the invention, the seal between the cylinder head and the pump body is ensured by O-rings and lip seals, and the axial play is adjusted by means of a flat washer, disposed between an annular shoulder of the body. pump and the corresponding internal face of the movable member of the pump driven by the camshaft.

Afin de mieux comprendre l'invention, et d'en faire apparaître plus clairement d'autres buts caractéristiques, détails et avantages, la description détaillée ci-après concerne un mode de réalisation d'un moteur équipé d'une pompe à engrenages.In order to better understand the invention, and to show more clearly other characteristic aims, details and advantages, the detailed description below relates to an embodiment of a motor equipped with a gear pump.

Aux dessins annexés :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de face du moteur complet avec la pompe de pression;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe partielle agrandie selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1, avec représentation de l'arbre à cames et du circuit de distribution d'huile sur les paliers;
  • la figure 3 est une vue agrandie de la figure 2, limitée à la partie concernant la pompe;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de côté de la pompe, séparée de la culasse, selon la flèche IV de la figure II.
In the accompanying drawings:
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the complete engine with the pressure pump;
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged partial section along line II-II of Figure 1, with representation of the camshaft and the oil distribution circuit on the bearings;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of Figure 2, limited to the part relating to the pump;
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the pump, separated from the cylinder head, according to arrow IV of Figure II.

Dans la figure 1, il apparaît que la pompe 1, partiellement masquée par le volant d'entraînement 2 de l'arbre à cames, est fixée par les vis 3 sur la culasse 5 du moteur. Sur cette figure sont également représentés les conduits d'arrivée 6 et de sortie 7 de l'huile de la pompe ainsi que le conduit d'arrivée 8 de l'huile dans l'organe de distribution 22 sur les paliers de l'arbre à cames. La poulie 11 constitue uniquement un tenseur pour la courroie venant de la poulie 9 fixée sur le vilebrequin.In FIG. 1, it appears that the pump 1, partially masked by the drive wheel 2 of the camshaft, is fixed by the screws 3 on the cylinder head 5 of the engine. Also shown in this figure are the inlet 6 and outlet 7 ducts for the pump oil as well as the inlet duct 8 for the oil in the distribution member 22 on the bearings of the shaft to cams. The pulley 11 constitutes only a tensor for the belt coming from the pulley 9 fixed on the crankshaft.

La figure 2, qui représente une vue agrandie de la coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1, montre l'assemblage de l'arbre à câmes 20, situé dans la culasse 5 avec, d'une part l'organe de distribution d'huile 22 sur les paliers, et d'autre part la pompe 1 et le volant d'entraînement 2. Dans le corps de la pompe 1 apparaît en pointillés une des vis de fixation 24 du corps de la pompe sur la culasse. Le joint torique 25 assure l'étanchéité entre le corps de la pompe et la culasse, et le joint 26 entre le corps de la pompe et l'extrémité ouverte de l'organe de distribution d'huile 22 sur les paliers de l'arbre à cames. La rondelle 28 et la vis 29 constituent la butée de l'arbre à cames, celui-ci étant rendu solidaire du volant d'entraînement 2 en rotation par la clavette 30.Figure 2, which shows an enlarged view of the section along line II-II of Figure 1, shows the assembly of the camshaft 20, located in the cylinder head 5 with, on the one hand the oil distribution 22 on the bearings, and on the other hand the pump 1 and the flywheel 2. In the body of the pump 1 appears in dotted lines one of the fixing screws 24 of the pump body on the cylinder head. The O-ring 25 seals between the pump body and the cylinder head, and the seal 26 between the pump body and the open end of the oil distribution member 22 on the shaft bearings with cams. The washer 28 and the screw 29 constitute the stop for the camshaft, the latter being made integral with the drive wheel 2 in rotation by the key 30.

La figure 3, qui est un agrandissement d'une partie de la figure 2, permet de mieux comprendre la réalisation de l'invention au niveau de la pompe elle-même. La référence 40 désigne le pignon d'entraînement de la pompe à engrenages et la référence 41 désigne le pignon fou. La pièce 43 est une bague à collerette, engagée sur l'arbre à cames 20, entre le volant 2 et le pignon 40, le joint à lèvres 45 venant en appui sur ladite bague à collerette. Le pignon 40 est lui-même en appui sur l'épaulement annulaire 50 de l'arbre à cames. La rondelle planée 47 est positionnée entre la face interne du pignon d'entraînement 40 et un épaulement 49 du bloc de pompe. Dans cet épaulement apparait également en pointillés un reniflard 51 reliant l'espace où se situe le joint 45 et le côté aspiration de la pompe.FIG. 3, which is an enlargement of a part of FIG. 2, makes it possible to better understand the embodiment of the invention at the level of the pump itself. The reference 40 designates the drive pinion of the gear pump and the reference 41 designates the idler gear. The part 43 is a collar ring, engaged on the camshaft 20, between the flywheel 2 and the pinion 40, the lip seal 45 bearing on said collar ring. The pinion 40 is itself supported on the annular shoulder 50 of the camshaft. The planar washer 47 is positioned between the internal face of the drive pinion 40 and a shoulder 49 of the pump block. In this shoulder also appears in dotted lines a breather 51 connecting the space where the seal 45 is located and the suction side of the pump.

Outre les éléments déjà décrits dans les figures précédentes, la figure 4 fait apparaître les orifices d'entrée 53 et de sortie 54 de l'huile; les trous 56 sont destinés aux goupilles de guidage et les trous 24 aux vis d'assemblage 3; les gorges 58 et 59 sont destinées à recevoir les joints d'étanchéité entre le corps de la pompe 1 et, d'une part la culasse 5, d'autre part l'organe de distribution d'huile 22 sur les paliers de l'arbre à cames. La référence 60 désigne l'ensemble soupape de sécurité. Le conduit de retour 62 de la soupape de sécurité apparaît également en coupe dans les figures 2 et 3.In addition to the elements already described in the preceding figures, Figure 4 shows the inlet ports 53 and outlet 54 of the oil; the holes 56 are intended for the guide pins and the holes 24 for the assembly screws 3; the grooves 58 and 59 are intended to receive the seals between the body of the pump 1 and, on the one hand the cylinder head 5, on the other hand the oil distribution member 22 on the bearings of the camshaft. Reference 60 designates the safety valve assembly. The return duct 62 of the safety valve also appears in section in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Pour assurer à la pompe à engrenages du moteur selon l'invention, lorsqu'il est en fonctionnement, à la fois une étanchéité suffisante et le jeu axial nécessaire pour éviter un grippage, il a été nécessaire de concevoir un assemblage particulier des pièces, qui ne serait d'aucune utilité dans les pompes à carter fermé, formant un ensemble mécanique autonome.To ensure that the gear pump of the motor according to the invention, when in operation, both a sufficient seal and the axial clearance necessary to avoid seizing, it was necessary to design a particular assembly of the parts, which would be of no use in pumps with closed casing, forming an autonomous mechanical unit.

L'étanchéité entre le corps de la pompe et la culasse est assurée par le joint torique 25, logé dans la gorge 58, et maintenu en pression au moyen des vis 3. Il apparait donc, une fois le volant d'entrainement 2 déposé, que le simple dévissage des vis 3 permet à la fois de déposer et de démonter la pompe pour son entretien. Le joint torique 26, logé dans la gorge 59, permet d'obturer hermétiquement l'orifice du conduit de l'organe de distribution d'huile 22, ledit orifice resultant des impératifs de l'usinage.The seal between the pump body and the cylinder head is ensured by the O-ring 25, housed in the groove 58, and kept in pressure by means of the screws 3. It therefore appears, once the drive wheel 2 removed, that the simple unscrewing of the screws 3 allows both to remove and disassemble the pump for its maintenance. The O-ring 26, housed in the groove 59, makes it possible to hermetically seal the orifice of the duct of the oil distribution member 22, said orifice resulting from the imperatives of machining.

L'étanchéité, dans le sens de l'arbre à cames, du côté du volant d'entrainement est assuré d'une part par le joint à lèvres 45 monté en force en appui sur la bague 43, d'autre part par le disque plané 47 qui permet d'ajuster très précisement au minimum nécessaire le jeu 44 devant exister entre les pièces en rotation et le corps de pompe ou la culasse. Pour éviter une accumulation d'huile dans l'espace se trouvant entre le joint à lèvre, le corps de la pompe et la bague à collerette 43 il est en outre prévu d'aspirer ladite huile au moyen d'un reniflard 51 reliant ledit espace et la zone d'arrivée d'huile dans la pompe.The tightness, in the direction of the camshaft, on the side of the flywheel is ensured on the one hand by the lip seal 45 forcibly mounted in abutment on the ring 43, on the other hand by the disc planed 47 which makes it possible to very precisely adjust to the minimum necessary the clearance 44 which must exist between the rotating parts and the pump body or the cylinder head. To avoid an accumulation of oil in the space between the lip seal, the pump body and the flange ring 43, it is further provided to suck said oil by means of a breather 51 connecting said space. and the oil inlet area in the pump.

Pour comprendre le rôle essentiel du disque plané 47, il convient de rappeler qu'une fabrication en série de la culasse ne permet pas d'assurer une précision suffisante pour que l'épaulement annulaire 50 de l'arbre à cames, sur lequel sont bloqués au moyen de la vis 29 le pignon d'entrainement 40 et la bague 43, permette de conserver un jeu axial 44, d'une part entre les pignons 40-41 et la partie de la culasse sur laquelle est fixée la pompe, d'autre part entre la bague 43 et l'épaulement annulaire 49 du corps de la pompe. En l'absence du disque plané 47, c'est-à-dire si l'épaulement annulaire avait une épaisseur supplémentaire correspondant à l'épaisseur du disque 47, le rattrapage du jeu, dû à l'usure de l'épaulement annulaire 49 par le frottement du pignon 40, ne pourrait se faire qu'en rectifiant toute la surface de la pompe en contact avec la culasse et la section annulaire du pignon 40, en contact avec la collerette de la bague 43.To understand the essential role of the planed disc 47, it should be recalled that a series production of the cylinder head does not ensure sufficient precision for the annular shoulder 50 of the camshaft, on which are blocked by means of the screw 29 the drive pinion 40 and the ring 43, makes it possible to maintain an axial clearance 44, on the one hand between the pinions 40-41 and the part of the cylinder head on which the pump is fixed, on the other hand between the ring 43 and the annular shoulder 49 of the body of the pump. In the absence of the planed disc 47, that is to say if the annular shoulder had an additional thickness corresponding to the thickness of the disc 47, the backlash, due to wear of the annular shoulder 49 by the friction of the pinion 40, could only be done by rectifying the entire surface of the pump in contact with the cylinder head and the annular section of the pinion 40, in contact with the collar of the ring 43.

Selon l'invention, il est au contraire très facile, soit à l'occasion d'entretiens périodiques, soit si une fuite d'huile est décelée, de procéder au démontage de la pompe et au remplacement du disque plané usé par un nouveau disque plané. Il est ainsi possible de maintenir en permanence, et très simplement, un jeu axial 44 constant à la valeur désirée, par exemple un jeu de 50µm.According to the invention, on the contrary, it is very easy, either during periodic maintenance, or if an oil leak is detected, to disassemble the pump and replace the worn flat disc with a new disc. plane. It is thus possible to maintain permanently, and very simply, an axial clearance 44 constant at the desired value, for example a clearance of 50 μm.

Grâce à cette conception et à cette disposition particulière de la pompe, il est ainsi possible d'obtenir tous types de moteurs selon l'invention, présentant un encombrement et un poids réduits, et dont l'entretien et la maintenance de la pompe à pression d'huile se trouvent facilités.Thanks to this design and to this particular arrangement of the pump, it is thus possible to obtain all types of motors according to the invention, having a reduced bulk and weight, and including the care and maintenance of the pressure pump. of oil are facilitated.

Claims (6)

  1. Internal combustion engine having an oil circulation circuit with a gearing pressure pump provided with tangential pinions (40, 41), the drive pinion (40) being directly fixed to a camshaft (20) through a ring (43) by means of an axial abutment formed by a washer (28) and a screw (29), the pump body (1) with an open housing being closed by direct securing onto the cylinder head (5) and the axial play (44) of the pinions (40, 41) being adjusted by means of a levelled washer (47).
  2. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the levelled washer (47) is interposed between an annular shoulder (49) of the pump body (1) and the corresponding face of the pump driving pinion (40).
  3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring (43) is situated between the drive pinion (40) held to bear on an annular shoulder (50) of the camshaft (20) and a flywheel (2).
  4. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that sealing between the pump body (1) and the head (5) is assured by an O-ring seal (25).
  5. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that sealing between the pump body (1) and the camshaft (20) on the outer side of the pump is assured by means of a lip seal (45) and a breather (51).
  6. Internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the breather (51) is coupled to the suction side of the pump.
EP92118294A 1991-11-06 1992-10-26 Internal combustion engine with oil pump on the camshaft Expired - Lifetime EP0540977B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9113769A FR2683262B1 (en) 1991-11-06 1991-11-06 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH OIL PUMP ON THE CAMSHAFT.
FR9113769 1991-11-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0540977A1 EP0540977A1 (en) 1993-05-12
EP0540977B1 true EP0540977B1 (en) 1995-09-13

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EP92118294A Expired - Lifetime EP0540977B1 (en) 1991-11-06 1992-10-26 Internal combustion engine with oil pump on the camshaft

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US (1) US5295463A (en)
EP (1) EP0540977B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3316006B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100296020B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1040036C (en)
AR (1) AR248177A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE127880T1 (en)
AU (1) AU655387B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9204239A (en)
CA (1) CA2082207C (en)
CZ (1) CZ329192A3 (en)
DE (1) DE69204798T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2081026T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2683262B1 (en)
HU (1) HU217855B (en)
IL (1) IL103423A (en)
PL (1) PL169445B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2055220C1 (en)
SK (1) SK329192A3 (en)
TW (1) TW203112B (en)
ZA (1) ZA927879B (en)

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Also Published As

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US5295463A (en) 1994-03-22
JP3316006B2 (en) 2002-08-19
CN1040036C (en) 1998-09-30
ATE127880T1 (en) 1995-09-15
RU2055220C1 (en) 1996-02-27
AU655387B2 (en) 1994-12-15
TW203112B (en) 1993-04-01
PL169445B1 (en) 1996-07-31
JPH05214916A (en) 1993-08-24
FR2683262B1 (en) 1995-02-03
EP0540977A1 (en) 1993-05-12
AR248177A1 (en) 1995-06-30
SK329192A3 (en) 1995-05-10
IL103423A (en) 1995-07-31
KR930010352A (en) 1993-06-22
ES2081026T3 (en) 1996-02-16
IL103423A0 (en) 1993-03-15
HU9203373D0 (en) 1993-03-01
DE69204798D1 (en) 1995-10-19
FR2683262A1 (en) 1993-05-07
DE69204798T2 (en) 1996-05-02
CN1075773A (en) 1993-09-01
KR100296020B1 (en) 2001-11-22
HUT63484A (en) 1993-08-30
CZ329192A3 (en) 1993-05-12
CA2082207C (en) 2002-09-17
CA2082207A1 (en) 1993-05-07
HU217855B (en) 2000-04-28
PL296470A1 (en) 1993-07-12
ZA927879B (en) 1993-04-21
BR9204239A (en) 1993-05-11
AU2815992A (en) 1993-05-13

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