EP0536061B1 - Automatically foldable tower crane - Google Patents
Automatically foldable tower crane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0536061B1 EP0536061B1 EP92420331A EP92420331A EP0536061B1 EP 0536061 B1 EP0536061 B1 EP 0536061B1 EP 92420331 A EP92420331 A EP 92420331A EP 92420331 A EP92420331 A EP 92420331A EP 0536061 B1 EP0536061 B1 EP 0536061B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- jib
- mast
- tower crane
- foldable
- retaining device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
- B66C23/34—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes
- B66C23/348—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes the erection being operated by jacks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an automatically foldable tower crane, in particular for transport on the road, to its place of use and from one site to another.
- This invention relates more particularly to the overall design of the crane, which avoids any manual intervention during the folding of the machine.
- the invention relates to tower cranes of the foldable mast type, that is to say a mast consisting of at least two elements connected to each other by a joint and which can thus be folded one on the other for the transport of the crane, cranes for which it is difficult to automatically eliminate the "slack" of cable appearing during the folding in transport position.
- Cranes of this type generally have a boom articulated at the top of the mast and supported by a cable tie connected to the top of a rigid punch, also articulated at the top of the mast and held in position by a cable forming a rear retaining device connecting the top of the punch at the rear part of a rotating chassis which is located at the base of the mast and which carries a balancing ballast - see for example French patent N ° 2548646 and German patent application 3633582, the latter document (serving as a basis for the preamble of claim 1) further providing a jack connecting the two parts of the mast together to control the folding / unfolding of the mast.
- the cables are manually removed from their end fixings, then are stored by winding on a reel or are coiled on the ground for transport with the lifting machine.
- This realization requires several manual interventions which significantly increase the duration of the shift and change of position of the crane, operations which with the industrialization of construction sites, are more and more frequent for this type of machine.
- the cables are motorized, either directly or by means of hauling, and the excess cable length, appearing when the cranes are folded up, are automatically wound on a drum - see French patent N ° 2636616 and its first certificate of addition N ° 2643625. From the point of view of the problem to be solved, this achievement is entirely satisfactory, but the design is complex and expensive.
- the present invention overcomes the drawbacks set out above, by providing an automatically foldable tower crane, that is to say with the elimination of any manual intervention, and the design of which remains simple and economical, while eliminating the "soft" cable when folding.
- an automatically foldable tower crane comprises, in a manner known from document DE-A-3633582, a mast foldable in two parts, one lower and the other upper, connected between them by articulation around a horizontal axis, an arrow articulated at the top of the mast and supported by a tie rod connected to the top of a rigid punch itself articulated at the top of the mast or on the rear part of the arrow, and a rear retaining device connecting the top of the punch to the rear part of a rotating chassis which is situated at the base of the mast and which carries a balancing ballast, the lower part of the mast being articulated about a horizontal axis on the front of the rotating chassis, while a motorized member such as a cylinder connects the two parts of the mast together to control the folding / unfolding of the mast;
- this crane is essentially characterized in that the jib tie rod is formed of at least two rigid elements articulated to one another, and in that the rear retaining device is formed of a rigid element at its
- the tie rod is formed by four successive rigid elements, articulated to each other around horizontal axes, elements the length of which is determined so that the punch being folded over the boom, all four rigid elements are also folded down on the boom and said elements are perfectly folded over each other to occupy the minimum space in height.
- the design is such that the crane being fully folded, so in the transport position, the connecting rod and the rigid element of the rear retaining device are aligned, while the cable forming the upper part of this rear retaining device is tensioned.
- the rear part of the boom is provided with a first guide roller, while a second guide roller is arranged at the retractable end of a rear lifting punch whose base is rigidly fixed to the rear. from the top and the upper part of the mast, so that, when the crane is folded, the cable of the rear retaining device comes to rest and is guided on the two rollers while remaining permanently taut.
- the front part of the arrowhead is of reduced height relative to the height current of the boom, to provide when it is folded over the boom foot a space in which are housed, plumb with the rigid arrow punch, the folded part of the drawbar and the upper part of the cable of the rear device detention.
- a tower crane is folded automatically, that is to say without manual intervention, in particular for its transport on road, by solving the problem posed by the "slack" of the cables without resorting to the complex and expensive solution of motorizing these cables.
- the tower crane shown schematically in Figure 1 comprises in known manner a fixed or rolling base frame 1 supporting, by means of an orientation device 2, a rotating frame 3 which carries a counterweight 4 at the rear and at the front of which is articulated, around a horizontal axis 5, a foldable mast 6 composed of a base mast 7 and an upper mast 8 connected to each other by articulation on their rear face around a horizontal axis 9.
- This crane is provided with a distributing boom 10, unfoldable and foldable, produced here in three successive elements, designated respectively as jib foot 11, intermediate jib folding element 12 and jib tip 13 , articulated together around horizontal axes 14,15, arranged at their lower members (the concept of "lower” member being defined by reference to the arrow in the unfolded working position).
- the upper mast 8 is connected to the rotating chassis 3 by means of two straightening stays 16 arranged symmetrically on either side of the mast 6 and articulated respectively around a horizontal axis 17 located at the base of the upper mast 8 and around a horizontal axis 18 disposed at the rear part of the rotating chassis 3.
- the jib 10 is articulated at the top of the mast 6 about a horizontal axis 19 and is held in position by a jib tie 20 connecting a fixed point 21 of the upper chord 22 of the jib foot 11 to the top 23 of a punch rigid jib 24 inclined towards the rear of the crane and articulated at the base of the jib base 11 about a horizontal axis 25, said punch 24 being itself held in position by a rear retaining device 26 connecting the top 23 of the arrow punch 24 at a fixed point 27 disposed at the rear part of the rotating chassis 3.
- the crane is motorized for its mounting, that is to say for raising the mast 6, lifting and unfolding the arrow 10, a hydraulic cylinder 46 connecting for this purpose the base mast 7 to the upper mast 8.
- the tie rod 20 is formed of four successive rigid elements 28, 29, 30, 31:
- the upper element 28 is a double connecting rod forming a tenon between its articulation at the top 23 of the arrow punch 24 and its articulation around a horizontal axis 32 on the following element 29;
- the following element 29 consists of two identical flat bars pierced at their ends and connected together by spacers, the assembly of the two flat bars forming a clevis for its articulation at 32 on the preceding element 28 and for its articulation around a horizontal axis 33 on the following element 30;
- the element 30 is a double connecting rod forming a tenon for its articulation at 33 on the preceding element 29 and forming a cap for its articulation around a horizontal axis 34 on the following element 31;
- this last element 31 constituting the largest part of the tie rod 20 consists of a U-shaped profile open in the direction of arrow 10, the profile of which the first end is made up of two flat irons symmetrically welded on either side other of the profile and pierced with two bores 34,35
- the length of the last element 31 of the jib tie 20 is of the same order as that of the upper chord 22 of the jib foot 11 located under said tie rod 20.
- the length of the assembled and aligned assembly of the first three elements 28, 29 30 of the arrow rod 20 is, in turn, of the same order as the length of the arrow punch 24.
- the rear retaining device 26 consists on the one hand of a rigid lower element 36 of U-shaped profile open towards the outside of the crane and connected by articulation to the fixed point 27 disposed at the rear part of the rotating chassis 3, and on the other hand a flexible cable 37 of constant length connecting the top 23 of the arrow punch 24 to the free end 38 of the rigid element 36.
- a double rigid connecting rod 39 also connects by articulation around horizontal axes the end 38 of the rigid element 36 of the rear retaining device 26 at two fixed points 40 located on either side of the upper part of the base mast 7, a short distance from the articulation 9 of this last to upper mast 8.
- the crane is also equipped with a first cable guiding device 41 disposed at the rear part of the jib 10 and a second cable guiding device 42 disposed at the retractable end 43 of a rear lifting punch 44 the base 45 of which is rigidly fixed to the rear of the top of the upper mast 8.
- the two cable guide devices 41 and 42 can in particular be produced in the form of guide rollers, with horizontal axes.
- the two parts 7 and 8 of the foldable dish 6 are both constituted by boxes of octagonal section, having anterior faces 48 and posterior 49 parallel to the various axes of articulation, such as the articulation 27 and the axes 32.33 , 34; this configuration is advantageous in the sense that it approximates the ideal circular section, while offering parallel and perpendicular faces with respect to each other, adapted to the various assemblies and joints required.
- the base mast 7 is pivoted forwards around its articulation axis 5 on the rotating frame 3, while the upper mast 8 pivots backwards , around its axis of articulation 9 on the base mast 7, under the action of the dressing stays 16 which hold it.
- the rear retaining device 26 remains under tension under the action of the weight of the boom 10 which pivots about its axis of articulation 19 relative to the upper mast 8, while simultaneously drawing the boom 20 also remains under tension and the arrow punch 24 pivots about its articulation axis 25 relative to the upper mast 8.
- the rear retaining cable 37 comes to bear progressively on the guide device 42 of the rear lifting punch 44 so that the cable 37 is guide and the forces remain admissible.
- the tie rod 20 folds back on itself under the action of its own weight while the arrow punch 24 folds back on the arrow 10 while always keeping the device in tension rear retaining 26.
- the crane is in the folded transport position shown in FIG. 2.
- the element 31 with a U-shaped profile of the jib tie 20 comes, in the folded transport position, to cover the upper chord 22 of square section of the jib foot 11, thus reducing the height of the assembly formed by the arrow 10 and the tie rod 20 folded.
- the element 36 of U-shaped profile of the rear tie rod 26 serves for guiding the part of the cable 37 passing between the base mast 7 and the upper mast 8 when the crane is folded.
- the retractable end 43 of the rear lifting punch 44 can, when the crane is folded, be itself partially folded to limit the overall dimensions of the crane at during its transport.
- a device 47 allows the folding of this jib 10 independently of the general folding of the crane previously described.
- the front part of the arrowhead 13 is of reduced height compared to the current height of the arrow 10, to provide in the folded position a space where come. accommodate, folded over the folded rigid punch 24, the folded part of the jib tie rod 20 and the upper part of the rear retaining cable 37.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une grue à tour repliable automatiquement, notamment en vue de son transport sur route, vers son lieu d'utilisation et d'un chantier à un autre. Cette invention est plus particulièrement relative à la conception d'ensemble de la grue, qui permet d'éviter toute intervention manuelle lors du repliage de l'engin.The present invention relates to an automatically foldable tower crane, in particular for transport on the road, to its place of use and from one site to another. This invention relates more particularly to the overall design of the crane, which avoids any manual intervention during the folding of the machine.
Dans le domaine des grues à tour repliables, on distingue les grues à mât télescopique, les grues à mât pliable et les grues à mât constitué d'un seul élément. L'invention se rapporte aux grues à tour du type à mât pliable, c'est-à-dire à mât constitué d'au moins deux éléments reliés l'un à l'autre par une articulation et pouvant être ainsi repliés l'un sur l'autre pour le transport de la grue, grues pour lesquelles il est difficile d'éliminer automatiquement les "mous" de câble apparaissant lors du repliage en position de transport.In the field of foldable tower cranes, there are telescopic mast cranes, foldable mast cranes and mast cranes made of a single element. The invention relates to tower cranes of the foldable mast type, that is to say a mast consisting of at least two elements connected to each other by a joint and which can thus be folded one on the other for the transport of the crane, cranes for which it is difficult to automatically eliminate the "slack" of cable appearing during the folding in transport position.
Les grues de ce type possèdent généralement une flèche articulée au sommet du mât et soutenue par un tirant en câble relié au sommet d'un poinçon rigide, articulé également au sommet du mât et maintenu en position par un câble formant un dispositif arrière de retenue reliant le sommet du poinçon à la partie arrière d'un châssis tournant qui est situé à la base du mât et qui porte un lest d'équilibrage - voir par exemple le brevet français N° 2548646 et la demande de brevet allemand 3633582, ce dernier document (servant de base au préambule de la revendication 1) prévoyant encore un vérin reliant entre elles les deux parties du mât pour commander le repliage/dépliage du mât. Lorsque le mât se replie, la flèche et le poinçon pivotent autour de leur articulation sur le mât sous l'action du poids de la flèche, les câbles constituant le tirant et le dispositif arrière de retenue restant tendus pendant cette phase. Dans la phase suivante du repliage, la flèche vient en contact avec la partie supérieure du mât, et progressivement les câbles du tirant et du dispositif arrière de retenue se détendent et prennent du "mou" qu'il convient d'éliminer ou de compenser si l'on veut éviter que les câbles se détériorent rapidement, par formation de boucles par exemple.Cranes of this type generally have a boom articulated at the top of the mast and supported by a cable tie connected to the top of a rigid punch, also articulated at the top of the mast and held in position by a cable forming a rear retaining device connecting the top of the punch at the rear part of a rotating chassis which is located at the base of the mast and which carries a balancing ballast - see for example French patent N ° 2548646 and German patent application 3633582, the latter document (serving as a basis for the preamble of claim 1) further providing a jack connecting the two parts of the mast together to control the folding / unfolding of the mast. When the mast folds up, the boom and the punch pivot around their articulation on the mast under the action of the weight of the boom, the cables constituting the tie rod and the rear retaining device remaining taut during this phase. In the next phase of folding, the arrow comes into contact with the part upper mast, and gradually the cables of the tie rod and the rear retaining device relax and take "slack" which should be eliminated or compensated if we want to prevent the cables from deteriorating quickly, by forming loops for example.
Selon un premier type de réalisation connue, les câlbes sont débrochés manuellement de leurs fixations d'extrémité, puis sont stockés par enroulement sur un touret ou sont lovés à même le sol en vue de leur transport avec l'engin de levage. Cette réalisation nécessite plusieurs interventions manuelles qui augmentent sensiblement la durée de mise à poste et de changement de poste de la grue, opérations qui avec l'industrialisation des chantiers, sont de plus en plus fréquentes pour ce type d'engins.According to a first known type of embodiment, the cables are manually removed from their end fixings, then are stored by winding on a reel or are coiled on the ground for transport with the lifting machine. This realization requires several manual interventions which significantly increase the duration of the shift and change of position of the crane, operations which with the industrialization of construction sites, are more and more frequent for this type of machine.
Selon un deuxième type de réalisation de plus en plus répandue, les câbles sont motorisés, soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire d'un mouflage, et les excédents de longueur de câble, apparaissant lors du repliage des grues sont enroulés automatiquement sur un tambour - voir le brevet français N° 2636616 et son premier certificat d'addition N° 2643625. Du point de vue du problème à résoudre, cette réalisation donne entière satisfaction, mais la conception en est complexe et onéreuse.According to a second type of embodiment which is becoming more and more widespread, the cables are motorized, either directly or by means of hauling, and the excess cable length, appearing when the cranes are folded up, are automatically wound on a drum - see French patent N ° 2636616 and its first certificate of addition N ° 2643625. From the point of view of the problem to be solved, this achievement is entirely satisfactory, but the design is complex and expensive.
La présente invention remédie aux inconvénients exposés ci-dessus, en fournissant une grue à tour repliable automatiquement, c'est-à-dire avec suppression de toute intervention manuelle, et dont la conception reste simple et économique, tout en éliminant les "mous" de câble lors du repliage.The present invention overcomes the drawbacks set out above, by providing an automatically foldable tower crane, that is to say with the elimination of any manual intervention, and the design of which remains simple and economical, while eliminating the "soft" cable when folding.
A cet effet, une grue à tour repliable automatiquement selon l'invention comprend de façon connue par le document DE-A-3633582 un mât pliable en deux parties, l'une inférieure et l'autre supérieure, reliées entre elles par articulation autour d'un axe horizontal, une flèche articulée au sommet du mât et soutenue par un tirant de flèche relié au sommet d'un poinçon rigide lui-même articulé au sommet du mât ou sur la partie postérieure de la flèche, et un dispositif arrière de retenue reliant le sommet du poinçon à la partie arrière d'un châssis tournant qui est situé à la base du mât et qui porte un lest d'équilibrage, la partie inférieure du mât étant articulée autour d'un axe horizontal sur l'avant du châssis tournant, tandis qu'un organe motorisé tel que vérin relie entre elles les deux parties du mât pour commander le repliage/dépliage du mât ; cette grue est caractérisée essentiellement en ce que le tirant de flèche est formé d'au moins deux éléments rigides articulés l'un à l'autre, et en ce que le dispositif arrière de retenue est formé d'un élément rigide à sa partie inférieure, relié par articulation à un point fixe de la partie arrière du châssis tournant et prolongé à sa partie supérieure jusqu'au poinçon de flèche par un câble, une bielle reliant l'élément rigide du dispositif arrière de retenue à la partie inférieure du mât pliable.To this end, an automatically foldable tower crane according to the invention comprises, in a manner known from document DE-A-3633582, a mast foldable in two parts, one lower and the other upper, connected between them by articulation around a horizontal axis, an arrow articulated at the top of the mast and supported by a tie rod connected to the top of a rigid punch itself articulated at the top of the mast or on the rear part of the arrow, and a rear retaining device connecting the top of the punch to the rear part of a rotating chassis which is situated at the base of the mast and which carries a balancing ballast, the lower part of the mast being articulated about a horizontal axis on the front of the rotating chassis, while a motorized member such as a cylinder connects the two parts of the mast together to control the folding / unfolding of the mast; this crane is essentially characterized in that the jib tie rod is formed of at least two rigid elements articulated to one another, and in that the rear retaining device is formed of a rigid element at its lower part , connected by articulation to a fixed point on the rear part of the rotating chassis and extended at its upper part to the arrow punch by a cable, a connecting rod connecting the rigid element of the rear retaining device to the lower part of the foldable mast .
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, le tirant de flèche est formé de quatre éléments rigides successifs, articulés les uns aux autres autour d'axes horizontaux, éléments dont la longueur est déterminée de telle façon que le poinçon étant rabattu sur la flèche, l'ensemble des quatre éléments rigides soit également rabattu sur la flèche et lesdits éléments soient parfaitement repliés les uns sur les autres pour occuper le minimum de place en hauteur. De plus, la conception est telle que la grue étant entièrement repliée, donc en position de transport, la bielle et l'élément rigide du dispositif arrière de retenue sont alignés, tandis que le câble formant la partie supérieure de ce dispositif arrière de retenue est tendu.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tie rod is formed by four successive rigid elements, articulated to each other around horizontal axes, elements the length of which is determined so that the punch being folded over the boom, all four rigid elements are also folded down on the boom and said elements are perfectly folded over each other to occupy the minimum space in height. In addition, the design is such that the crane being fully folded, so in the transport position, the connecting rod and the rigid element of the rear retaining device are aligned, while the cable forming the upper part of this rear retaining device is tensioned.
Avantageusement, la partie postérieure de la flèche est munie d'un premier rouleau de guidage, tandis qu'un deuxième rouleau de guidage est disposé à l'extrémité escamotable d'un poinçon arrière de relevage dont la base est rigidement fixée à l'arrière du sommet et de la partie supérieure du mât, de telle façon que, lors du repliage de la grue, le câble du dispositif arrière de retenue vienne s'appuyer et soit guidé sur les deux rouleaux en restant en permanence tendu.Advantageously, the rear part of the boom is provided with a first guide roller, while a second guide roller is arranged at the retractable end of a rear lifting punch whose base is rigidly fixed to the rear. from the top and the upper part of the mast, so that, when the crane is folded, the cable of the rear retaining device comes to rest and is guided on the two rollers while remaining permanently taut.
Selon une forme de réalisation particulière, dans le cas d'une flèche composée d'au moins deux éléments, dont un pied de flèche et une pointe de flèche, la partie antérieure de la pointe de flèche est de hauteur réduite par rapport à la hauteur courante de la flèche, pour ménager lors de son rabattement sur le pied de flèche un espace où viennent se loger, à l'aplomb du poinçon rigide de flèche, la partie repliée du tirant de flèche et la partie supérieure du câble du dispositif arrière de retenue.According to a particular embodiment, in the case of an arrow composed of at least two elements, including an arrow foot and an arrowhead, the front part of the arrowhead is of reduced height relative to the height current of the boom, to provide when it is folded over the boom foot a space in which are housed, plumb with the rigid arrow punch, the folded part of the drawbar and the upper part of the cable of the rear device detention.
Quels que soient les détails de construction, on réalise ainsi une grue à tour repliable automatiquement, c'est-à-dire sans intervention manuelle, notamment pour son transport sur route, en résolvant le problème posé par le "mou" des câbles sans recourir à la solution complexe et onéreuse consistant à motoriser ces câbles.Whatever the construction details, a tower crane is folded automatically, that is to say without manual intervention, in particular for its transport on road, by solving the problem posed by the "slack" of the cables without resorting to the complex and expensive solution of motorizing these cables.
De toute façon, l'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres caractéristiques seront mises en évidence, a l'aide de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, une forme d'exécution de cette grue à tour repliable automatiquement :
- Figure 1 montre, en vue de côté, une grue à tour repliable automatiquement conforme à la présente invention, en position de travail ;
- Figure 2 montre la même grue, vue de côté, en position repliée de transport ;
- Figure 3 est une vue de côté partielle de cette grue, à plus grande échelle, montrant le détail de la flèche avec son tirant et son poinçon en position relevée ;
- Figure 4 est une vue similaire à la figure 3, montrant la flèche en position repliée en illustrant la disposition de son tirant et de son poinçon dans cette position ;
- Figure 5 est une vue de détail en plan par dessus, montrant partiellement le tirant de flèche ;
- Figure 6 représente une section droite du mât repliable.
- Figure 1 shows, in side view, a foldable tower crane automatically according to the present invention, in the working position;
- Figure 2 shows the same crane, side view, in the folded transport position;
- Figure 3 is a partial side view of this crane, on a larger scale, showing the detail of the boom with its tie rod and its punch in the raised position;
- Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing the arrow in the folded position illustrating the arrangement of its tie rod and its punch in this position;
- Figure 5 is a detail plan view from above, partially showing the arrow;
- Figure 6 shows a cross section of the folding mast.
La grue à tour représentée schématiquement à la figure 1 comprend de façon connue un châssis de base fixe ou roulant 1 supportant, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif d'orientation 2, un châssis tournant 3 qui porte à l'arrière un contrepoids 4 et à l'avant duquel est articulé, autour d'un axe horizontal 5, un mât pliable 6 composé d'un mât de base 7 et d'un mât supérieur 8 reliés l'un à l'autre par articulation sur leur face arrière autour d'un axe horizontal 9. Cette grue est pourvue d'une flèche distributrice 10, dépliable et repliable, réalisée ici en trois éléments successifs, désignés respectivement comme pied de flèche 11, élément intermédiaire de pliage de flèche 12 et pointe de flèche 13, articulés entre eux autour d'axes horizontaux 14,15, disposes au niveau de leurs membrures inférieures (la notion de membrure " inférieure" étant définie par référence à la flèche en position dépliée de travail).The tower crane shown schematically in Figure 1 comprises in known manner a fixed or rolling base frame 1 supporting, by means of an orientation device 2, a rotating
Le mât supérieur 8 est relié au châssis tournant 3 par l'intermédiaire de deux haubans de dressage 16 disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre du mât 6 et articulés respectivement autour d'un axe horizontal 17 situé à la base du mât supérieur 8 et autour d'un axe horizontal 18 disposé à la partie arrière du châssis tournant 3.The
La flèche 10 est articulée au sommet du mât 6 autour d'un axe horizontal 19 et est maintenue en position par un tirant de flèche 20 reliant un point fixe 21 de la membrure supérieure 22 du pied de flèche 11 au sommet 23 d'un poinçon de flèche rigide 24 incliné vers l'arrière de la grue et articulé à la base du pied de flèche 11 autour d'un axe horizontal 25, ledit poinçon 24 étant lui-même maintenu en position par un dispositif arrière de retenue 26 reliant le sommet 23 du poinçon de flèche 24 à un point fixe 27 disposé à la partie arrière du châssis tournant 3. La grue est motorisée pour son montage, c'est-à-dire pour le dressage du mât 6, le relevage et le dépliage de la flèche 10, un vérin hydraulique 46 reliant à cet effet le mât de base 7 au mât supérieur 8.The
Comme montré en détail aux figures 3,4 et 5, le tirant de flèche 20 est formé de quatre éléments rigides successifs 28,29,30,31 :As shown in detail in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the tie rod 20 is formed of four successive
L'élément supérieur 28 est une double bielle formant un tenon entre son articulation au sommet 23 du poinçon de flèche 24 et son articulation autour d'un axe horizontal 32 sur l'élément suivant 29 ; l'élément suivant 29 est constitué de deux fers plats identiques percés à leurs extrémités et reliés entre eux par des entretoises, l'ensemble des deux fers plats formant une chape pour son articulation en 32 sur l'élément précédent 28 et pour son articulation autour d'un axe horizontal 33 sur l'élément suivant 30 ; l'élément 30 est une double bielle formant un tenon pour son articulation en 33 sur l'élément précédent 29 et formant unechape pour son articulation autour d'un axe horizontal 34 sur l'élément suivant 31 ; enfin, ce dernier élément 31 constituant la plus grande partie du tirant de flèche 20 est constitué d'un profilé en U ouvert en direction de la flèche 10, profilé dont la première extrémité est constitue de deux fers plats soudés symétriquement de part et d'autre du profil et percés de deux alésages 34,35 décalés longitudinalement, le premier alésage 34 assurent la liaison avec l'élément précédent 30, et le deuxième alésage 35 assurant la liaison directement avec l'élément 29 lorsque le tirant de flèche 20 est raccourci en supprimant la double bielle 30 pour obtenir une grue à flèche relevée (voir le tracé en traits mixtes de la figure 5). La longueur du dernier élément 31 du tirant de flèche 20 est du même ordre que celle de la membrure supérieure 22 du pied de flèche 11 située sous ledit tirant 20. La longueur de l'ensemble assemblé et aligné des trois premiers éléments 28,29,30 du tirant de flèche 20 est, quant a elle, du même ordre que la longueur du poinçon de flèche 24.The
Le dispositif arrière de retenue 26 est constitué d'une part d'un élément inférieur rigide 36 de profil en U ouvert vers l'extérieur de la grue et relié par articulation au point fixe 27 disposé à la partie arrière du châssis tournant 3, et d'autre part d'un câble souple 37 de longueur constante reliant le sommet 23 du poinçon de flèche 24 à l'extrémité libre 38 de l'élément rigide 36. Une double bielle de liaison rigide 39 relie par ailleurs par articulation autour d'axes horizontaux l'extrémité 38 de l'élément rigide 36 du dispositif arrière de retenue 26 à deux points fixes 40 situés de part et d'autre de la partie supérieure du mât de base 7, à faible distance de l'articulation 9 de ce dernier au mât supérieur 8.The
La grue est encore équipée d'un premier dispositif de guidage de câble 41 disposé à la partie postérieure de la flèche 10 et d'un deuxième dispositif de guidage de câble 42 disposé à l'extrémité escamotable 43 d'un poinçon arrière de relevage 44 dont la base 45 est rigidement fixée à l'arrière du sommet du mât supérieur 8. Les deux dispositifs de guidage de câble 41 et 42 sont notamment réalisables sous la forme de rouleaux de guidage, d'axes horizontaux.The crane is also equipped with a first cable guiding
Enfin, comme montré clairement à la figure 6, les deux parties 7 et 8 du met pliable 6 sont constituées, l'une et l'autre, par des caissons de section octogonale, présentant des faces antérieures 48 et postérieures 49 parallèles aux divers axes d'articulation, tels que l'articulation 27 et les axes 32,33,34 ; cette configuration est avantageuse en ce sens qu'elle se rapproche de la section idéale circulaire, tout en offrant des faces parallèles et perpendiculaires les unes par rapport aux autres, adaptées aux divers assemblages et articulations nécessaires.Finally, as clearly shown in Figure 6, the two
A partir de la position de travail montrée à la figure 1, le repliage de la grue précédemment décrite s'effectue de la manière suivante :From the working position shown in Figure 1, the folding of the crane previously described is carried out as follows:
En commandant par le vérin 46 le repliage du mât 6, on provoque le pivotement du mât de base 7 vers l'avant autour de son axe d'articulation 5 sur le châssis tournant 3, tandis que le mât supérieur 8 pivote vers l'arrière, autour de son axe d'articulation 9 sur le mât de base 7, sous l'action des haubans de dressage 16 qui le retiennent. Au cours de ce mouvement, le dispositif arrière de retenue 26 reste sous tension sous l'action du poids de la flèche 10 qui pivote autour de son axe d'articulation 19 par rapport au mât supérieur 8, tandis que simultanément le tirant de flèche 20 reste également sous tension et que le poinçon de flèche 24 pivote autour de son axe d'articulation 25 par rapport au mât supérieur 8. Le mouvement se poursuivant, le câble arrière de retenue 37 vient s'appuyer progressivement sur le dispositif de guidage 42 du poinçon arrière de relevage 44 de telle façon que le câble 37 soit guide et que les efforts restent admissibles. Lorsque la flèche 10 se trouve rabattue contre le mât supérieur 8, le tirant 20 se replie sur lui-même sous l'action de son propre poids tandis que le poinçon de flèche 24 se rabat sur la flèche 10 en maintenant toujours en tension le dispositif arrière de retenue 26. En fin d'opération, la grue se trouve dans la position repliée de transport montrée à la figure 2.By controlling by the
Selon une disposition avantageuse, l'élément 31 à profil en U du tirant de flèche 20 vient, en position repliée de transport, coiffer la membrure supérieure 22 de section carrée du pied de flèche 11, réduisant ainsi la hauteur de l'ensemble formé par la flèche 10 et le tirant de flèche 20 repliés. Selon une autre disposition avantageuse, l'élément 36 de profil en U du tirant arrière de retenue 26 sert au guidage de la partie du câble 37 passant entre le mât de base 7 et le mât supérieur 8 lorsque la grue est repliée. Suivant encore une autre caractéristique, l'extrémité escamotable 43 du poinçon arrière de relevage 44 peut, lorsque la grue est repliée, être elle-même partiellement repliée pour limiter l'encombrement en longueur de la grue au cours de son transport.According to an advantageous arrangement, the
Il va de soi que lors du dépliage de la grue, à partir de sa position repliée de transport, les mouvements sont inverses de ceux précédemment décrits, le vérin 46 étant commandé en sens inverse.It goes without saying that during the unfolding of the crane, from its folded transport position, the movements are opposite to those previously described, the
Dans l'exemple ici décrit, où la flèche 10 est composée de plusieurs éléments 11,12,13 articulés les uns aux autres au niveau de leurs membrures inférieures, un dispositif 47 permet le repliage de cette flèche 10 indépendamment du repliage général de la grue précédemment décrit. Suivant une disposition avantageuse, dans le cas où la pointe de flèche 13 se replie sur la totalité de la longueur du pied de flèche 11, la partie antérieure de la pointe de flèche 13 est de hauteur réduite par rapport à la hauteur courante de la flèche 10, pour ménager en position repliée un espace où viennent se. loger, à l'aplomb du poinçon rigide 24 replié, la partie repliée du tirant de flèche 20 et la partie supérieure du câble arrière de retenue 37.In the example described here, where the
Enfin, la grue étant repliée, il est aisé d'enlever la double bielle 30 et de brocher l'axe 33 de l'élément 29 du tirant de flèche 20 directement sur l'axe 35 de l'élément 31 pour former un tirant de flèche 20 plus court, dans lequel l'axe 34 est aussi éliminé. On obtient ainsi, à l'état déplié, une grue à flèche relevée.Finally, the crane being folded, it is easy to remove the double connecting
Comme il va de soi, et comme il résulte de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite pas à la seule forme d'exécution de cette grue à tour repliable automatiquement qui a été décrite ci-dessus, à titre d'exemple ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes de réalisation et d'application fondées sur le même principe. Ainsi, l'on ne s'éloignerait pas du cadre de l'invention :
- par l'utilisation d'un tirant de flèche réalisé en un nombre quelconque d'éléments rigides articulés entre eux, ces éléments étant au' nombre de deux au moins ;
- par l'utilisation d'un dispositif arrière de retenue différent de celui décrit par ses détails constructifs ;
- en remplaçant le
vérin 46 par tout organe motorisé équivalent ; - par l'utilisation d'un mât en caisson ou en treillis de section différente de la forme octogonale ;
- par une adaptation du même principe de repliage à des grues de conception différente, en ce qui concerne la structure de la flèche et son dispositif de repliage.
- by the use of a jib tie rod made of any number of rigid elements hinged together, these elements being 'at least two in number;
- by the use of a rear retaining device different from that described by its construction details;
- by replacing the
actuator 46 by any equivalent motorized member; - by the use of a box or truss mast with a section different from the octagonal shape;
- by adapting the same folding principle to cranes of different design, as regards the structure of the boom and its folding device.
Claims (11)
- Tower crane which is automatically foldable, notably with a view to its road transportation, of the type comprising a foldable mast (6) in two parts, one bottom (7) and the other top (8), connected together by pivoting about a horizontal shaft (9), a jib (10) pivoted to the top of the mast (6) and supported by a jib tie member (20) connected to the top of a rigid stay (24) itself pivoted to the top of the mast (6) or on the rear part of the bib (10), and a rear retaining device (26) connecting the top (23) of the stay (24) to the rear part of a rotating chassis (3) which is situated at the base of the mast (6) and which carries a balancing ballast (4), the bottom part (7) of the mast (6) being pivoted about a horizontal axis (5) on the front of the rotating chassis (3), while a motorised device (46) such as a ram connects together the two parts (7, 8) of the mast (6) in order to control the folding/unfolding of the mast (6), characterised in that the jib tie member (20) is formed by at least two rigid elements (28, 29, 30, 31) pivoted on each other, and in that the rear retaining device (26) is formed by a rigid element (36) in its lower part, pivotingly connected to a fixed point (27) on the rear part of the rotating chassis (3) and extended in its upper part, as far as a jib stay (24), by a cable (37) of constant length, a link (39) connecting the rigid element (36) of the rear retaining device (26) to the bottom part (7) of the foldable mast (6).
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to Claim 1, characterised in that the jib tie member (20) is formed from four successive rigid elements (28, 29, 30, 31) pivoted on each other about horizontal axes (32, 33, 34).
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to Claim 2, characterised in that the first three elements (28, 29, 30) of the jib tie member (20) are formed by double links.
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the last element (31), constituting the largest part of the jib tie member (20), consists of a U-shaped profiled member open in the direction of the jib (10).
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to any one of Claims 2 to 4, with a jib (10) composed of at least two elements, namely a jib base (11) and a jib outer end (13), characterised in that the length of the final element (31) of the jib tie member (20) is of the same order as that of the top boom (22) of the jib base (11) situated under the said tie member (20), and in that the length of the assembled and aligned assembly of the first three elements (28, 29, 30) of the jib tie member (20) is of the same order as the length of the jib stay (24).
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to Claim 5, characterised in that the front part of the jib outer end (13), folding over the whole length of the jib base (11), is low in height compared with the normal height of the jib (10), in order to form, in the folded position, a space in which the folded part of the jib tie member (20) and the top part of the cable (37) of the rear retaining device (26) come to be housed in line with the folded rigid stay (24).
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to any one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the jib tie member (20) is designed to be shortened by the removal of one of its elements (30), to obtain a crane with a raised jib (10).
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the rear part of the jib (10) is provided with a first guide roller (41) for the cable (37) of the rear retaining device (26), while a second guide roller (42) for this cable (37) is disposed at the retractable end (43) of a rear lifting stay (44) whose base (45) is rigidly fixed to the rear of the top of the top part (8) of the mast (6).
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the bottom rigid element (36) of the rear retaining device (26), connected by pivoting to the fixed point (27) on the rotating chassis (3), has a U-shaped profile, open towards the outside of the crane.
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the link connecting the rigid element (36) of the rear retaining device (26) to the bottom part (7) of the foldable mast (6) is a double link (39) connected by pivoting to two fixed points (40) situated on both sides of the bottom part (7) of the foldable mast (6) at a short distance from the pivot (9) with the top part (8) of the mast (6).
- Automatically foldable tower crane according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the two parts (7, 8) of the foldable mast (6) both consist of chambers with an octagonal cross section, having front (48) and rear (49) faces parallel to the pivot shafts (32, 33, 34) of the rigid elements (28, 29, 30, 31) of the jib tie member (20) and to the pivot axis (27) of the bottom rigid element (36) of the rear retaining device (26) at the rear part of the rotating chassis (3).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE9218870U DE9218870U1 (en) | 1991-10-02 | 1992-09-25 | Automatically collapsible tower crane |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9112384A FR2682096B1 (en) | 1991-10-02 | 1991-10-02 | AUTOMATICALLY FOLDABLE TOWER CRANE. |
FR9112384 | 1991-10-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0536061A1 EP0536061A1 (en) | 1993-04-07 |
EP0536061B1 true EP0536061B1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
Family
ID=9417713
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92420331A Expired - Lifetime EP0536061B1 (en) | 1991-10-02 | 1992-09-25 | Automatically foldable tower crane |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0536061B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2793933B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1028744C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE124380T1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ300192A3 (en) |
DE (2) | DE9218871U1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2075665T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2682096B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2065397C1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2773757C2 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2022-06-10 | Либхерр-Верк Биберах Гмбх | Rotary-tower crane |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9407282U1 (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1994-07-14 | Lissmac Maschinenbau und Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH, 88410 Bad Wurzach | Device for erecting and aligning a light crane |
FR2732000B1 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1997-05-30 | Potain Sa | AUTOMATED MOUNT CRANE WITH FOLDABLE BOOM ON ITSELF |
FR2765564B1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-08-27 | Potain Sa | MATURE FOLDABLE IN THREE ELEMENTS WITH FOLDING / FOLDING DEVICE FOR TOWER CRANE |
FR2792627B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2001-06-01 | Potain Sa | CRANE WITH MULTI-FUNCTION BOOM |
IT1403582B1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-10-31 | Cibin | LIFTING MACHINE WITH REDUCED DIMENSIONS |
CN102358580B (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2013-03-27 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Folding boom structure and method for unfolding and folding the same |
JP6088868B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-01 | 株式会社東京Bk足場 | Tower crane |
DE202017107301U1 (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2018-12-07 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | Tower Crane |
CN113979326B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-06-13 | 江苏金风科技有限公司 | Cantilever crane |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1007775A (en) * | 1948-03-30 | 1952-05-09 | Articulating boom lifting device | |
FR1278724A (en) * | 1960-11-04 | 1961-12-15 | Transportable crane | |
FR1391657A (en) * | 1961-03-27 | 1965-03-12 | Towed crane with folding telescopic mast | |
DE8134299U1 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1982-05-19 | Leo Gottwald KG, 4000 Düsseldorf | "TELESCOPIC SHOT FROM A CRANE BOOM" |
IT1164241B (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1987-04-08 | Luigi Cattaneo Spa | AUTOMATIC LIFTING CRANE |
FR2548646B1 (en) | 1983-07-05 | 1985-12-13 | Cadillon | FAST FOLDING FOLDABLE CRANE |
FR2550176B1 (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1985-10-11 | Potain Sa | FOLDING BOOM CRANE IN MULTIPLE ARTICULATED ELEMENTS |
IT1185969B (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-11-18 | Cattaneo Luigi Spa | ARTICULATED CRANE WITH TOWER LIFTING AND AUTOMATIC ARM EXTENSION |
FR2605619B1 (en) * | 1986-10-27 | 1989-03-31 | Potain Sa | FOLDABLE MACHINE FOR HANDLING AND LIFTING LOADS |
FR2636616B1 (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-12-14 | Potain Sa | FOLDING CRANE WITH BOOM IN TWO OR THREE ELEMENTS ARTICULATED TO THE OTHERS |
FR2643625B2 (en) | 1988-09-20 | 1991-11-22 | Potain Sa | FOLDABLE CRANE WITH BOOM IN THREE ARTICULATED ARTICLES |
FR2665429B1 (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-10-02 | Cadillon Sa | AUTOMATED MOUNT CRANE, WITH LATERAL FOLDABLE BOOM. |
-
1991
- 1991-10-02 FR FR9112384A patent/FR2682096B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-09-25 EP EP92420331A patent/EP0536061B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-25 ES ES92420331T patent/ES2075665T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-25 DE DE9218871U patent/DE9218871U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-25 DE DE69203196T patent/DE69203196T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-25 AT AT92420331T patent/ATE124380T1/en active
- 1992-09-30 CN CN92112498.8A patent/CN1028744C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-30 JP JP4262330A patent/JP2793933B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-01 RU SU925052842A patent/RU2065397C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-01 CZ CS923001A patent/CZ300192A3/en unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2773757C2 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2022-06-10 | Либхерр-Верк Биберах Гмбх | Rotary-tower crane |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2682096A1 (en) | 1993-04-09 |
EP0536061A1 (en) | 1993-04-07 |
ES2075665T3 (en) | 1995-10-01 |
CN1078212A (en) | 1993-11-10 |
JP2793933B2 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
DE69203196T2 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
FR2682096B1 (en) | 1993-12-03 |
JPH05193890A (en) | 1993-08-03 |
CN1028744C (en) | 1995-06-07 |
ATE124380T1 (en) | 1995-07-15 |
DE69203196D1 (en) | 1995-08-03 |
CZ300192A3 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
RU2065397C1 (en) | 1996-08-20 |
DE9218871U1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
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