EP0527967B1 - Hydraulic drive device - Google Patents

Hydraulic drive device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0527967B1
EP0527967B1 EP91920993A EP91920993A EP0527967B1 EP 0527967 B1 EP0527967 B1 EP 0527967B1 EP 91920993 A EP91920993 A EP 91920993A EP 91920993 A EP91920993 A EP 91920993A EP 0527967 B1 EP0527967 B1 EP 0527967B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
rotor
drive device
drive
hydraulic motor
control
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EP91920993A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0527967A1 (en
Inventor
Eckehart Schulze
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Individual
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Individual
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B9/00Servomotors with follow-up action, e.g. obtained by feed-back control, i.e. in which the position of the actuated member conforms with that of the controlling member
    • F15B9/14Servomotors with follow-up action, e.g. obtained by feed-back control, i.e. in which the position of the actuated member conforms with that of the controlling member with rotary servomotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0636Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F03C1/0644Component parts
    • F03C1/0655Valve means
    • F03C1/0657Cylindrical valve means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0636Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F03C1/0644Component parts
    • F03C1/0663Casings, housings
    • F03C1/0665Cylinder barrel bearing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0678Control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic drive device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a hydraulic drive device is known from DE-38 27 365 A1.
  • an axial piston hydraulic motor is provided as the power drive, in which the drive pistons are mounted in cylinder bores of the rotor in axially symmetrical grouping about the axis of rotation of the motor.
  • a run-on control valve of a known type is provided, which works with an electrically controllable setpoint specification and mechanical actual value feedback of the dynamic parameters mentioned.
  • a stepper motor or an AC motor which in turn can be controlled according to the direction of rotation and the speed of rotation by output signals from an electronic control unit, which forms an output stage of an NC or a CNC machine control unit, is provided for setting the setpoint.
  • a spindle nut system is provided for mechanical feedback of the actual position value, which transmits deflections of a valve actuating element of the follow-up control valve, which are required for the valve actuation in accordance with the regulation and occur parallel to the central axis of the spindle nut system.
  • the electric control motor, the overrun control valve and the axial piston hydraulic motor are arranged, in this order, along the common central longitudinal axis of the drive device and coaxially to this side by side or one behind the other, the supply of pressure medium to the individual linear cylinders of the axial piston motor via a housing-fixed and one with the rotor of the axial piston motor rotating control disk takes place, which, seen along the central longitudinal axis, are arranged "between" the follow-up control valve and the drive part of the hydraulic motor, and wherein the rotor of the hydraulic motor with its output shaft is rotatably mounted on a housing end part by means of two angular ball bearings is to achieve the greatest possible effective axial length of the bearing, which is necessary with the high output of the hydraulic motor, in order to get along with small axial dimensions.
  • the hydraulic drive device known from FR-A-2 048 993 also has approximately the same disadvantages, but in which the drive pistons of the axial piston hydraulic motor are guided in bores fixed to the housing and the rotor is designed as a swash plate which is connected to the output shaft in a rotationally fixed manner is mounted on an end end wall of the housing of the drive device and an intermediate wall thereof, which requires additional overall length of the drive device as a whole.
  • a trailing control valve with a rotating valve body is required in this drive device, which is inevitably associated with relatively high leakage oil losses in the valve area and reduces the rigidity of the drive.
  • the power drive is in turn an axial piston motor, in which the pistons are arranged in the rotor and with it rotate the central axis of the motor.
  • the rotor is rotatably mounted on a peg-shaped inner housing extension designed as a hollow tube, in which there is provided one for achieving the follow-up control function first valve is arranged with a rotatable housing, which is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the output shaft and has a valve body arranged rotatably within the housing.
  • the pressure medium supply to the linear cylinders of the motor and the pressure medium discharge are controlled by this valve.
  • a second valve which has a rotatable housing and a rotatable valve body, is arranged laterally in a block of the housing of the drive device with its central axis parallel to the central axis of the first valve.
  • the housing of this valve is motionally coupled to the rotatable valve body of the first valve via a spur gear. Its piston is driven by the stepper motor.
  • the function of a follow-up control valve is achieved as a whole by these two valves, as already described with reference to the prior art explained above.
  • the saving in axial length that can be achieved with this type of construction is insignificant, since at least the second valve arranged laterally from the central axis of the drive device contributes with its axial extension to the overall length of the drive device.
  • a disadvantage of this drive device is in particular the correspondingly extended gaps caused by the extended sliding surfaces of the valve elements, which are rotatably supported relative to one another and with respect to the housing, and the resulting leakage oil losses, which here too reduce the rigidity of the drive and thus the reduce achievable control loop gain.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve a hydraulic drive device of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be realized with significantly smaller axial dimensions with a comparable power density of the drive and conveys a favorable high "rigidity" of the drive as a whole.
  • the drive device according to the invention is particularly advantageous as an articulated drive for a multi-articulated robot arm which comprises several such articulated drives, i.e. an application for which the features of claim 2 indicate a particularly favorable routing of the pressure supply lines via the rotor each of the drive devices required for this purpose, which does not require flexible - tubular - pressure medium lines.
  • this again with particular advantage with regard to use with multi-articulated robot arms, is provided with a locking device that automatically locks the rotor when the pressure supply is switched off or fails, thereby increasing the risk of injuries in the area of the robot arm Persons and damage to objects is effectively prevented.
  • Such a locking device can be implemented in a simple manner in a functionally reliable manner with the actuating elements specified by the features of claim 5.
  • actuating elements are displaceable parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the drive device, they can act on a locking element which can be pressed against an end face of the rotor, which is then expediently axially immovable, alternatively, as provided in accordance with claim 7, directly on an axially displaceably designed rotor of the hydraulic motor, wherein for such a design of the drive device by the features of the further claims 8 to 10 alternatively or in combination realizable, each advantageous advantageous simple configurations are specified.
  • the hydraulic drive device shown in FIG. 1, to the details of which reference is expressly made, which is designated as a whole by 10, is for a large number of applications intended in mechanical engineering, in which rotary drives of high power density are required, which are easily controllable and can be monitored very precisely with regard to the number of revolutions carried out of the output element of the drive device 10, generally designated 11, the accuracy of this monitorability also within each one of the revolutions carried out by the output element 11 should be possible with a defined angular resolution, for example with a high angular resolution of 0.1 °, if necessary also more precisely, this accuracy essentially being dependent on the properties of an encoder system designated as a whole by means of both the number of revolutions carried out by the output element 11 of the drive device and, within each individual revolution, the angular position of the output element 11 with respect to a fixedly predetermined reference plane or orientation can be determined .
  • Modern encoder systems 12 of the type in question enable angular resolutions of 0.01 ° less.
  • the drive device 10 is intended for use in the context of CNC (Computer Numeric Control) -controlled machine tools or in the context of robots or with comparable manipulators or work tools which have multi-articulated arms or "arms", at the free end of which either a gripper or a tool is arranged which must be able to be guided along a precisely defined movement path and / or must be able to be brought into a specific position which is determined by specifying coordinate values, in the latter case it not being absolutely necessary for this position to be on a certain path must be reached, at least not if this position is only the starting point for a movement of the tool or gripper, From which a precisely defined path must first be maintained.
  • CNC Computer Numeric Control
  • the drive device 10 comprises as a power drive a hydraulic motor, generally designated 13, designed as an axial piston motor, and as a control element, a follow-up control valve, generally designated 14, which is provided with an electrically controllable rotational angle setpoint specification and mechanical actual value feedback of the current angular position of the overall designated 16 Rotor of the hydraulic motor 13 and thus also the output element 11 of the same works.
  • a follow-up control valve generally designated 14
  • an electric motor 17 is provided, which can be designed as a pulse-controlled stepper motor or can also be implemented as an AC motor. According to its function, it in turn is to be regarded as a control element of the follow-up control valve 14.
  • overrun control valve 14 which is represented in FIG. 1 essentially by its hydraulic switching symbol, the construction known in detail from DE 37 29 564 A1 is provided structurally, the contents of which reference is made to this extent. It is therefore only explained below with regard to its function in the context of the drive device 10, and construction details are only discussed to the extent that they are necessary for the explanation of the special exemplary embodiment.
  • the overrun control valve 14 is designed as a 4/3-way valve, the neutral position O of which the hydraulic motor 13 is at a standstill is a blocking position in which the P supply connection 18 of the hydraulic motor 13, via which the latter does not have a high-pressure output shown pressure supply unit is connected, and the T-supply connection 19, via which the hydraulic motor 13 with the unpressurized. ie is kept at atmospheric pressure reservoir of the pressure supply unit, both against the A-control connection 21 and against the B-control connection 22 of the hydraulic motor 13 are blocked, by their alternative connection to the P-supply connection 18 and the T-supply connection 19 the Rotary drive direction of the hydraulic motor 13 is controllable.
  • the overrun control valve 14 in accordance with the alternative directions of rotation in which the electric motor 17 is electrically controllable, can either be controlled into the functional position I, in which the P supply connection 18 with the A control connection 21 and the T-supply connection 19 are connected to the B-control connection 22 of the hydraulic motor 13, or to the functional position II, in which the P-supply connection 18 with the B-control connection 22 and the T-supply connection 19 with the A-control connection 21 of the hydraulic motor 13 are connected.
  • the control of the overrun control valve 14 takes place in its functional position I in that the electric motor 17, viewed in the direction of arrow 23 in FIG. 1, is driven in a clockwise direction and accordingly the overrun control valve 14 in its functional position II is controlled when the electric motor 17 rotates counterclockwise. Furthermore, it is assumed for the illustrated embodiment that the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor 13 is in the same direction as that of the electric motor 17.
  • the rotation angle or position setpoint is specified, as indicated only schematically in FIG. 1, by means of a the rotor 24 of the electric motor 17 non-rotatably connected setpoint input shaft 26, by the rotation of which a valve actuating element designated overall by 27, depending on the direction of rotation of the rotor 24 of the electric motor 17 clockwise or counterclockwise, in the direction indicated by the double arrow 28 marked, alternative directions is displaceable, wherein a valve body of the follow-up control valve 14, which is a slide, is - between control flanges 27 'and 27' of the valve actuating element 27, seen in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10, as it were "clamped” and accordingly the Sliding movements of the valve actuating element 27 with.
  • this valve actuating element 27 is designed as the setpoint input shaft 26, at least on longitudinal sections of the same, in the housing 31 of the follow-up control valve 14, arranged longitudinally displaceable but non-rotatably arranged threaded nut, which, as not specifically shown, is in meshing engagement with threaded balls with an external thread of the setpoint input shaft 26.
  • a follow-up control valve 14 is provided with a threaded spindle 32, which is in meshing engagement with an internal thread of the setpoint input shaft 26, as a “feedback spindle", which is rotatably coupled to the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13.
  • the drive control circuit is closed from the actual value side to the setpoint side by the incremental travel or rotary position sensor system 12, which includes a first sensor 34, which detects the number of revolutions made by the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13, and one second encoder 36 which resolves each of these revolutions into a number of angular increments.
  • This incremental encoder 36 is in turn, which is not shown in detail, realized by means of two encoder elements which, seen in the circumferential direction of a circumferential toothing 37 of an encoder disk 38 rotating with the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13, are arranged offset with respect to one another such that the pulse-shaped or sinusoidal electrical - output signals of these encoder elements have a phase shift of 90 ° relative to one another, so that the direction of rotation of the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13 can be recognized from the signal levels and the phase position of the output signals of the encoder elements in addition to the amount of the position changes.
  • the encoders 34 and 36 can be implemented with the aid of field plates or as inductive, possibly also as capacitive or electro-optical encoders of a type known per se.
  • the hydraulic motor 13 is also known in terms of its construction principle insofar as the implementation of axial movements drives the drive chambers 39 of a plurality of “small” linear cylinders 41 of piston elements 42 that move in a rotating manner in rotary movements of the rotor 16 by axially supporting these piston elements 42 on a housing-fixed one, on the other Linear cylinder 41 facing side "wavy" designed support plate 43 of the axial piston hydraulic motor 13 corresponds to the relevant prior art.
  • a hydraulic axial piston motor corresponding to this construction principle which, as is also provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, is controlled by means of a follow-up control valve, is explained in detail in German patent application P 38 27 365.9, on the description of which regarding the design of the drive part 44 of the Rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13 and the interaction between this hydraulic motor and the follow-up control valve 14 is also referred to. Accordingly, the following description of the special exemplary embodiment of the drive device 10 according to the invention shown in the drawing is - essentially - limited to the differences that exist compared to the drive device according to the cited patent application.
  • the rotor 16 of the axial piston hydraulic motor 13 is slidably rotatably mounted with an essentially circular-cylindrical tubular section 46 of its output shaft 47 on a pin 48, which in turn is essentially circular-cylindrical tubular, which axially extends a part receiving the electric motor 17 in the arrangement shown 49 of the total designated 50 housing of the drive device 10 forms.
  • this tubular spigot 48 the cylindrical-tubular housing 31 of the follow-up control valve 14 is firmly inserted and enclosed by the spigot 48 along its entire length.
  • the drive part 44 of the rotor 16, which forms a common housing for the small linear cylinders 41, is designed as a relatively thick-walled, radial flange, as seen in the axial direction, in one piece with its output shaft 47, as shown best in the axial direction the schematic developed view of Fig. 2, additional reference is made to the details of which, seen, sixteen in total, continuous in the axial direction of bores 51a are inserted p to 51, with an axially symmetrical distribution of their central longitudinal axes 52 about the central longitudinal axis 29 of the Drive device 10 are grouped.
  • the piston elements 42 - sealed against the bore surfaces - are slidably arranged, which are supported by balls 53 on the axially opposite end face 54 of an annular rib 56 of the support disk 43 fixed to the housing, which is concavely curved to complement the balls.
  • This annular rib 56 has, seen in the circumferential direction, a periodically varying "height" in the axial direction, such that for this end face 54, in the development view of FIG 2 seen, an overall triangular-wave-shaped course with a "periodicity length" p measured in angular degrees of 60 °, that is, a six-fold axial symmetry.
  • the ring rib 56 thus has the overall shape of a "six-pointed" crown, the points 57 a to 57 f of which are arranged pointing to the drive part 44 of the rotor 16.
  • the prongs 57 a) to 57 f) of the annular rib 56 which is circular at its base 58 have the shape of flat, isosceles-obtuse-angled triangles, the legs 59 a) to 59 f) and 61 a) to 61 f) include an obtuse angle ⁇ , which in practice has a value of 140 °, in a preferred embodiment of the axial piston motor 13 a value of 138 °.
  • the support balls 53 which together with the cylindrical-pot-shaped piston elements 42, the drive chambers 39 of the A total of 16 linear cylinders 41 forming pistons of these linear cylinders 41 which are movable in a pressure-tight manner, are freely rotatably mounted in concave bearing pans 64 of the piston elements 42 so that they can roll around easily on the running surface 54 of the annular rib 56.
  • the bearing pans 64 are in communicating connection with the drive chambers 39 of the linear cylinders 41 via central lubrication channels 65, so that during operation of the axial piston motor 13 there are between the sliding surfaces of the bearing pans 64 and the support balls 53 can form a thin lubricating film which ensures largely wear-free operation of the axial piston motor 13.
  • the T-supply connection 19 of the follow-up control valve 14 is in communication via a radial bore 68 of the housing 31 of the follow-up control valve 14 with an aligned, radial bore 69 of the pin 48 which passes through its cylindrical wall, in this transverse bore 69 opens into a longitudinal channel 71, which in turn is communicatively connected to the T-connector 74 via an oblique bore 72, which is arranged in a solid outer radial flange 73 of the housing part 49 accommodating the electric motor 17, via a hose, not shown - Or pipelines can be connected to the unpressurized tank of the pressure supply unit.
  • the P-supply connection 18 of the follow-up control valve 14 is via a further transverse bore 76 of the outer jacket of the valve housing 31 with a second radial bore 77 of the same which is aligned therewith Pin 48 in communicating connection, into which in turn a longitudinal channel 80 opens, which, viewed in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 29, passes at an azimuthal distance from the longitudinal channel 71 leading to the tank connecting piece 74 and, if so, via an oblique hole (not shown) leads to the P-connecting piece, also not shown, which is connected to the high-pressure outlet of the pressure supply unit.
  • the A control connection 21 of the follow-up control valve 14 communicates with an outer groove 78 of the valve housing 31, which is formed as an annular groove surrounding it and is accordingly shown in the development view of FIG. 2 as a pressure medium channel 78 extending over the entire development length.
  • the B control connection 22 of the follow-up control valve 14 is in communicating connection with a second outer groove 79, which is also designed as a closed annular groove extending over the entire circumference of the valve housing 31 and accordingly in FIG. 2 as one Pressure medium channel extending over the entire development length is shown.
  • these outer grooves 81a to 81f and 82a to 82f are alternately connected to the through essentially radially running bores 84a to 84f with the A-Stzuer connection of the follow-up control valve 14 in communicating connection annular groove 28 or via transverse bores 86a to 86f to the with the B control connection 22 of the after-run control valve 14 in communicating connection connected annular groove 79 of the valve housing 31.
  • the angular width of the sector-shaped outer grooves 81a to 81f or 82a to 82f measured in the circumferential direction plus the correspondingly measured angular width of one of the axial webs 83a to 831, each of which two of these grooves, z. B the grooves 82b and 81b against each other is 30 ° in total, the angular width of the sector-shaped grooves 81a to 81f and 82a to 82f being considerably larger, the ratio being between 5 and 10.
  • the angular width of the webs 83a to 83p corresponds to the azimuthal, i.e.
  • the linear cylinders connected "simultaneously" to one of the two ring grooves 78 and 79 each contribute in the same direction to the torque development of the axial piston motor 13 or are not involved in this, with FIG. 2 directly recognizing that, in the special exemplary embodiment , each contribute at least 6 of the linear cylinders and in extreme cases even 8 in the same direction to the torque development.
  • the constructional integration of the follow-up control valve 14 into the pin 48 of the housing part 49 explains the shortest possible dimensions of the pressure supply channels 84a to 84f and 86a to 86f leading from the follow-up control valve 14 to the drive chambers 39 of the linear cylinders 41, as well as the radial channels 87a to 87p, which is very important for a high "rigidity" of the drive.
  • the support disk 43 provided with the undulating annular rib 56 is between a cylindrical tubular housing part 88 which is sealed against the radial flange 73 of the housing part 49 receiving the electric motor 17 and essentially the radially outer boundary of the annular space 89 receiving the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 forms and axially clamps an externally and internally stepped cylindrical end part 91 of the housing 50 of the drive device 10, the support disc 43 by means of a centering ring 92 integral therewith, the outside diameter of which corresponds exactly to the inside diameter of the cylindrical-tubular housing part 88, with respect to this or the central part Longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10 is precisely centered and by means of an axial dowel pin 93, which passes through a bore of the support disk 43 aligned with coaxial bores of the cylindrical-tubular housing part 88 and the housing end part 91, against rotation en is secured relative to the housing parts 88 and 91.
  • the rotor shaft 47 is rotatably supported by means of a radial needle bearing 97 within the outer, output-side, the inner diameter after the smaller step 96 of the stepped-cylindrical housing part 91, this needle bearing 97, like the “journal bearing”, allowing the rotor 16 to be axially displaceable.
  • the centering ring 92 of the support disk 43 which rests radially on the outside with a cylindrical surface on the cylindrical inner surface of the cylindrical tubular housing part 88 and is sealed against this housing part 88 by means of an annular seal 98, has a conical chamfer surface 99 on its radially inner side, the clear diameter of which towards the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 increases.
  • the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 is in turn provided with an outer chamfer surface 101 arranged opposite the chamfer surface 99 of the centering ring 92 of the support disk 43, viewed in the axial direction, the inclination thereof with respect to the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10 of that of the chamfer surface 99 of the centering ring 92 corresponds to the support disk 43.
  • This position of the rotor 16 relative to the support disk 43 is determined by the contact of bearing rollers 105 of an axial roller bearing 103 on the annular surface 104 opposite the annular rib 56 of the support disk 43, the support opposite this annular surface 104 being formed by a bearing ring 106 which is fixedly connected to the rotor shaft 47 is.
  • the axial roller bearing 103 formed by the bearing rollers 102 and the bearing ring 106 is arranged within an annular space 107, the outer radial boundary of which is formed by the step 108 of the stepped housing part 91, which is larger on the inside diameter.
  • this annular space 107 is delimited by the annular shoulder 109 mediating between the two housing stages 96 and 108, on the one hand, and the support disk 43, on the other hand.
  • the clear axial distance between the bearing ring 106 and the annular shoulder 109 of the stepped housing part 91 is slightly larger than the clear axial distance between the two chamfer surfaces 99 and 101 of the centering ring 92 of the support disk 43 and the drive part 44 of the rotor 16, seen in the operating position shown
  • the drive device 10 is equipped with a locking device, generally designated 111, which when the drive device 10 is switched off, the rotor 16 is automatically locked in the angular position assumed at the moment of switching off.
  • the actuating elements of the "parking brake 111" are stamps 112 arranged in an axially symmetrical grouping around the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10, which by prestressed compression springs 113 in contact with the - rear - annular end facing away from the support disk 43 End face 114 of the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 can be pushed, as a result of which the rotor 16 experiences an axial displacement, through which the two chamfer surfaces 99 and 101 of the centering ring 92 and the drive part 44, which in this case act as friction surfaces of the locking device 111, come into contact with each other and a frictional fixation of the rotor 16 in the housing 50 of the drive device 10 is achieved.
  • the plungers 112 are connected to pistons 117 which can be displaced in a pressure-tight manner in axial bores 116 of larger diameter, on whose sides remote from the plungers 112 the prestressed compression springs 113 engage.
  • These pistons 117 also form the axially movable limits of control chambers 118, into which the high output pressure of the auxiliary pressure source is coupled during operation of the drive device 10, as a result of which the pistons 117 and with them the punches 112 into or away from the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 1, in which the locking device 111 is released and the rotor 16 - in its illustrated axial position - can be freely rotated.
  • the - slight - axial displaceability of the rotor 16 required to achieve the locking function in the particular exemplary embodiment shown is in the construction of its mounting explained - radially inside on the pin 48 of the housing part 49 receiving the electric motor 17 and radially outside by means of the needle bearing 97 can be realized on the housing end part 91 without difficulty.
  • an analog locking device can also be implemented in such a way that an annular disk-shaped brake shoe connected to the punches 112 in a manner that is resistant to shear and thrust is provided is, which can be urged in contact with the rear end face 114 of the drive part, which now in turn acts as a brake shoe, wherein the rotor 16 may be rotatably mounted axially fixed in the housing 50.
  • An axial mobility of the feedback spindle 32 relative to the rotor shaft 47 of the axial piston motor 13, which is required for the function of the follow-up control valve 14, can, as not specifically shown, be achieved in that the feedback spindle 32 is rotatably connected to the rotor shaft 47 via an axial toothing, but axially is movably coupled.
  • the outer groove 123 of the pin 48 leading the P supply pressure in the illustrated embodiment is arranged at a smaller axial distance from the orifice plane 126 of the longitudinal channel 119 communicating with it than the inner groove 124 of the rotor, with which the other longitudinal channel 121 communicates it is possible to guide these two longitudinal channels 119 and 121 at the same radial distance from the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10 and to make do with minimal radial cross-sectional dimensions of the annular cylindrical section 46 of the rotor shaft 47.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP91/00859 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 10, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 10, 1992 PCT Filed May 8, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO91/18204 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 28, 1991.A hydraulic drive in accordance with the invention includes an axial piston hydraulic motor provided for forming a power drive with a follow-up control valve provided for controlling the pressure medium supply with the follow-up control valve being electronically controlled by a desired position value presetting and mechanical actual position value acknowledgement. An electric motor is provided for the desired position value presetting which can be activated by output signals of a central CN or CNC control unit. The rotor of the axial-piston hydraulic motor is rotatably supported with a circular-cylindrical tubular section of an output shaft thereon on an outer casing surface of an axial extension which is a hollow tubular shape and forms a pivot pin for the rotor of a housing section accommodating the electric motor provided for the desired value positioning control.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine hydraulische Antriebsvorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a hydraulic drive device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige hydraulische Antriebsvorrichtung ist durch die DE-38 27 365 A1 bekannt.Such a hydraulic drive device is known from DE-38 27 365 A1.

Bei dieser bekannten Antriebsvorrichtung ist als Leistungsantrieb ein Axialkolben-Hydromotor vorgesehen, bei dem die Antriebskolben in axialsymmetrischer Gruppierung um die Drehachse des Motors angeordnet in Zylinderbohrungen des Rotors verschiebbar gelagert sind. Zur Bewegungssteuerung - Drehrichtung und Winkelgeschwindigkeit - dieses Hydromotors ist ein Nachlauf-Regelventil für sich bekannter Bauart vorgesehen, das mit elektrisch steuerbarer Sollwert-Vorgabe und mechanischer Istwert-Rückmeldung der genannten dynamischen Parameter arbeitet. Zur Sollwert-Einsteuerung ist ein seinerseits nach Drehrichtung und Rotationsgeschwindigkeit durch Ausgangssignale einer elektronischen Steuereinheit, welche eine Ausgangsstufe einer NC- oder einer CNC-Maschinen-Steuereinheit bildet, ansteuerbarer Schrittmotor oder ein AC-Motor vorgesehen. Zur mechanischen Positions-Istwert-Rückmeldung ist ein Spindel-Muttersystem vorgesehen, das für die regelungsgerechte Ventilbetätigung erforderliche, parallel zur zentralen Achse des Spindel-Muttersystems erfolgende Auslenkungen eines Ventilbetätigungsgliedes des Nachlauf-Regelventils vermittelt. Der elektrische Steuermotor, das Nachlauf-Regelventil und der Axialkolben-Hydromotor sind, in dieser Reihenfolge, entlang der gemeinsamen zentralen Längsachse der Antriebsvorrichtung und koaxial zu dieser neben- bzw. hintereinander angeordnet, wobei die Zuführung von Druckmittel zu den einzelnen Linearzylindern des Axialkolbenmotors über eine gehäusefest angeordnete und eine sich mit dem Rotor des Axialkolbenmotors drehende Steuerscheibe erfolgt, die, entlang der zentralen Längsachse gesehen, "zwischen" dem Nachlauf-Regelventil und dem Antriebsteil des Hydromotors angeordnet sind, und wobei der Rotor des Hydromotors mit seiner Abtriebswelle an einem Gehäuse-Abschlußteil mittels zweier Schräg-Kugellager drehbar gelagert ist, um eine möglichst große effektive axiale Länge der Lagerung zu erzielen, die bei der hohen Abtriebsleistung des Hydromotors erforderlich ist, um gleichwohl mit geringen axialen Abmessungen auszukommen.In this known drive device, an axial piston hydraulic motor is provided as the power drive, in which the drive pistons are mounted in cylinder bores of the rotor in axially symmetrical grouping about the axis of rotation of the motor. To control the movement - direction of rotation and angular velocity - of this hydraulic motor, a run-on control valve of a known type is provided, which works with an electrically controllable setpoint specification and mechanical actual value feedback of the dynamic parameters mentioned. A stepper motor or an AC motor, which in turn can be controlled according to the direction of rotation and the speed of rotation by output signals from an electronic control unit, which forms an output stage of an NC or a CNC machine control unit, is provided for setting the setpoint. A spindle nut system is provided for mechanical feedback of the actual position value, which transmits deflections of a valve actuating element of the follow-up control valve, which are required for the valve actuation in accordance with the regulation and occur parallel to the central axis of the spindle nut system. The electric control motor, the overrun control valve and the axial piston hydraulic motor are arranged, in this order, along the common central longitudinal axis of the drive device and coaxially to this side by side or one behind the other, the supply of pressure medium to the individual linear cylinders of the axial piston motor via a housing-fixed and one with the rotor of the axial piston motor rotating control disk takes place, which, seen along the central longitudinal axis, are arranged "between" the follow-up control valve and the drive part of the hydraulic motor, and wherein the rotor of the hydraulic motor with its output shaft is rotatably mounted on a housing end part by means of two angular ball bearings is to achieve the greatest possible effective axial length of the bearing, which is necessary with the high output of the hydraulic motor, in order to get along with small axial dimensions.

Ungeachtet dieser insoweit durchaus geeigneten konstruktiven Maßnahmen und weiterer raumsparender Konstruktionsmaßnahmen, wie eine spezielle Art der die erforderlichen axialen Relativbewegungen ermöglichenden Ankopplung der Abtriebswelle des elektrischen Steuermotors an eine Sollwert-Vorgabespindel des Nachlauf-Regelventils und die innerhalb der Rotorwelle untergebrachte Ankopplung der Positions-Istwert-Rückmeldespindel des Nachlauf-Regelventils an den Rotor des Axialkolbenmotors ergibt sich für die bekannte Antriebsvorrichtung dennoch eine für eine Reihe von Einsatzzwecken ungünstig große Gesamtbaulänge, mit der zwangsläufig auch relativ große Längen der Flüssigkeitssäulen innerhalb der Antriebsvorrichtung und, damit einhergehend eine Einbuße an Steifigkeit des Antriebes insgesamt verknüpft sind.Regardless of these construction measures, which are quite suitable in this respect, and further space-saving construction measures, such as a special type of coupling of the output shaft of the electric control motor, which enables the necessary axial relative movements, to a setpoint input spindle of the follow-up control valve and the coupling of the position / actual value feedback spindle housed within the rotor shaft of the follow-up control valve on the rotor of the axial piston motor, the overall drive length for the known drive device is nevertheless unfavorably large for a number of purposes, with which inevitably also relatively large lengths of the liquid columns within the drive device and, associated with this, a loss of rigidity of the drive as a whole.

Mit etwa denselben Nachteilen behaftet ist auch die aus der FR-A-2 048 993 bekannte hydraulische Antriebsvorrichtung, bei der jedoch die Antriebskolben des Axialkolben-Hydromotors in gehäusefesten Bohrungen geführt sind und der Rotor als eine mit der Abtriebswelle drefest verbundene Schrägscheibe ausgebildet ist, die an einer End-Stirnwand des Gehäuses der Antriebsvorrichtung und einer Zwischenwand desselben gelagert ist, was zusätzliche Baulänge der Antriebsvorrichtung insgesamt bedingt. Außerdem ist bei dieser Antriebsvorrichtung ein Nachlauf-Regelventil mit rotierendem Ventilkörper erforderlich, was zwangsläufig mit relativ hohen Leckölverlusten im Ventilbereich behaftet ist und die Steifigkeit des Antriebes erniedrigend beeinflußt.The hydraulic drive device known from FR-A-2 048 993 also has approximately the same disadvantages, but in which the drive pistons of the axial piston hydraulic motor are guided in bores fixed to the housing and the rotor is designed as a swash plate which is connected to the output shaft in a rotationally fixed manner is mounted on an end end wall of the housing of the drive device and an intermediate wall thereof, which requires additional overall length of the drive device as a whole. In addition, a trailing control valve with a rotating valve body is required in this drive device, which is inevitably associated with relatively high leakage oil losses in the valve area and reduces the rigidity of the drive.

Des weiteren ist durch die DE-A-14 26 488 eine mit elektrisch gesteuerter Positions-Sollwertvorgabe und mechanischer Positions-Istwert-Rückmeldung arbeitende hydraulische Antriebsvorrichtung bekannt, deren Leistungsantrieb wiederum ein Axialkolbenmotor ist, bei dem die Kolben im Rotor angeordnet sind und mit diesem um die zentrale Achse des Motors rotieren. Der Rotor ist auf einem zapfenförmigen, als Hohlrohr ausgebildeten inneren Gehäusefortsatz drehbar gelagert, in dem ein zur Erzielung der Nachlauf-Regelungsfunktion vorgesehenes erstes Ventil mit drehbarem Gehäuse angeordnet ist, das mit der Abtriebswelle drehfest gekoppelt ist und einen drehbar innerhalb des Gehäuses angeordneten Ventilkörper hat. Über dieses Ventil wird die Druckmittelzufuhr zu den Linearzylindern des Motors sowie die Druckmittelabfuhr von diesen gesteuert. Ein zweites Ventil, das ein drehbares Gehäuse und einen drehbaren Ventilkörper hat, ist mit parallelem Verlauf seiner zentralen Achse zur zentralen Achse des ersten Ventils seitlich von diesem in einem Block des Gehäuses der Antriebsvorrichtung angeordnet. Das Gehäuse dieses Ventils ist über ein Stirnradgetriebe mit dem drehbaren Ventilkörper des ersten Ventils bewegungsgekoppelt. Sein Kolben wird von dem Schrittmotor angetrieben. Durch diese beiden Ventile wird insgesamt die Funktion eines Nachlauf-Regelventils erzielt, wie schon anhand des vorstehend erläuterten Standes der Technik beschrieben.Furthermore, from DE-A-14 26 488 a working with electrically controlled position setpoint and mechanical position feedback feedback hydraulic drive device is known, the power drive is in turn an axial piston motor, in which the pistons are arranged in the rotor and with it rotate the central axis of the motor. The rotor is rotatably mounted on a peg-shaped inner housing extension designed as a hollow tube, in which there is provided one for achieving the follow-up control function first valve is arranged with a rotatable housing, which is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the output shaft and has a valve body arranged rotatably within the housing. The pressure medium supply to the linear cylinders of the motor and the pressure medium discharge are controlled by this valve. A second valve, which has a rotatable housing and a rotatable valve body, is arranged laterally in a block of the housing of the drive device with its central axis parallel to the central axis of the first valve. The housing of this valve is motionally coupled to the rotatable valve body of the first valve via a spur gear. Its piston is driven by the stepper motor. The function of a follow-up control valve is achieved as a whole by these two valves, as already described with reference to the prior art explained above.

Die bei dieser Bauweise erzielbare Einsparung an axialer Baulänge ist unbedeutend, da zumindest das seitlich von der zentralen Achse der Antriebsvorrichtung angeordnete zweite Ventil mit seiner axialen Ausdehnung zur Gesamt-Baulänge der Antriebsvorrichtung beiträgt. Nachteilig sind auch bei dieser Antriebsvorrichtung insbesondere die durch die ausgedehnten Gleitflächen der gegeneinander und gegenüber dem Gehäuse drehbar gelagerten Ventilelemente bedingten, entsprechend ausgedehnten Spalte und daraus resultierende Leckölverluste, die auch hier die Steifigkeit des Antriebs und damit die erreichbare Regelkreisverstärkung reduzieren.The saving in axial length that can be achieved with this type of construction is insignificant, since at least the second valve arranged laterally from the central axis of the drive device contributes with its axial extension to the overall length of the drive device. A disadvantage of this drive device is in particular the correspondingly extended gaps caused by the extended sliding surfaces of the valve elements, which are rotatably supported relative to one another and with respect to the housing, and the resulting leakage oil losses, which here too reduce the rigidity of the drive and thus the reduce achievable control loop gain.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine hydraulische Antriebsvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß sie bei vergleichbarer Leistungsdichte des Antriebes mit deutlich geringeren axialen Abmessungen realisierbar ist und eine günstig hohe "Steifigkeit" des Antriebs insgesamt vermittelt.The object of the invention is therefore to improve a hydraulic drive device of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be realized with significantly smaller axial dimensions with a comparable power density of the drive and conveys a favorable high "rigidity" of the drive as a whole.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Durch die hiernach vorgesehene Lagerung des Rotors des Hydromotors an einem zapfenförmigen Fortsatz des den elektrischen Steuermotor aufnehmenden Gehäuseteils, der seinerseits hohlrohrförmig ausgebildet ist und das Nachlauf-Regelventil aufnimmt, das somit koaxial innerhalb des Antriebsteils des Rotors angeordnet ist sowie durch die Gestaltung und Anordnung von Steuerkanälen des Zapfen, radialen Querkanälen des Rotors und deren Verbindung mit Steueranschlüssen des Nachlauf-Regelventils, wird insgesamt eine dem Betrag nach etwa der axialen Ausdehnung des Antriebsteils des Rotors entsprechender Teil ansonsten erforderlicher Baulänge eingespart, und es werden auch auf kürzesten Wegen die Verbindungen der Steueranschlüsse des Nachlauf-Regelventils mit den Antriebskammern der Linearzylinder des Rotors erzielt, was der Steifigkeit der hydraulischen Säulen zugute kommt.Due to the storage of the rotor of the hydraulic motor provided on a pin-shaped extension of the housing part receiving the electric control motor, which in turn is hollow-tube-shaped and accommodates the follow-up control valve, which is thus arranged coaxially within the drive part of the rotor and by the design and arrangement of control channels of the journal, radial transverse channels of the rotor and their connection to control connections of the follow-up control valve, a part of the otherwise required overall length corresponding to the amount of approximately the axial extent of the drive part of the rotor is saved, and the connections of the control connections of the Follow-up control valve with the drive chambers of the linear cylinders of the rotor achieves what benefits the rigidity of the hydraulic columns.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antriebsvorrichtung eignet sich aufgrund ihrer kompakten Bauweise mit besonderem Vorteil als Gelenkantrieb für einen mehrgelenkigen Roboterarm, der mehrere solcher Gelenkantriebe umfaßt, d.h. einen Einsatzzweck, für den durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 2 eine besonders günstige Führung der Druckversorgungsleitungen über den Rotor je einer der hierfür benötigten Antriebsvorrichtungen angegeben ist, die ohne flexible - schlauchförmige - Druckmittelleitungen auskommt.Due to its compact design, the drive device according to the invention is particularly advantageous as an articulated drive for a multi-articulated robot arm which comprises several such articulated drives, i.e. an application for which the features of claim 2 indicate a particularly favorable routing of the pressure supply lines via the rotor each of the drive devices required for this purpose, which does not require flexible - tubular - pressure medium lines.

Auch wenn bei einem hydraulischen Antriebssystem, das über ein mit mechanischer Istwert-Rückmeldung arbeitendes Nachlauf-Regelventil gesteuert wird, zumindest nach einer Zeitspanne, die als Erfahrungswert berücksichtigt werden kann, zwangsläufig die Abweichung eines Positions-Istwertes vom eingesteuerten Positions-Sollwert unter einen - tolerierbaren - Wert abfällt, so ist es, um die guten dynamischen Eigenschaften der Antriebsvorrichtung ausnuten zu können, dennoch vorteilhaft, wenn der gesamte Positionier-Regelkreis, wie gemäß Anspruch 3, vorgesehen, zur Sollwert-Seite hin über ein elektronisches Gebersystem geschlossen wird, das für Änderungen des Istwert-Wertes der Dreh- oder Winkelstellung des Rotors und deren Änderungssinn charakteristische, in einer zentralen Seuereinheit auswertbare Ausgangssignale erzeugt.Even if, in the case of a hydraulic drive system that is controlled via a follow-up control valve working with mechanical feedback, at least after a period of time that can be taken into account as empirical value, the deviation of an actual position value from the entered position setpoint is inevitably below a tolerable one - If the value drops, it is still advantageous, in order to be able to take advantage of the good dynamic properties of the drive device, if the entire positioning control loop, as provided in accordance with claim 3, is closed to the setpoint side via an electronic encoder system which is suitable for Changes in the actual value of the rotary or angular position of the rotor and their sense of change produces characteristic output signals that can be evaluated in a central control unit.

In der bevorzugten Gestaltung der Antriebsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 4 ist diese, wiederum mit besonderem Vorteil im Hinblick auf einen Einsatz bei mehrgelenkigen Roboterarmen, mit einer bei einem Abschalten oder einem Ausfall der Druckversorgung selbsttätig eine Festsetzung des Rotors vermittelnden Feststell-Einrichtung versehen, wodurch einer Gefahr von Verletzungen im Bereich des Roboterarmes befindlicher Personen sowie der Beschädigung von Gegenständen wirksam vorgebeugt wird.In the preferred design of the drive device According to claim 4, this, again with particular advantage with regard to use with multi-articulated robot arms, is provided with a locking device that automatically locks the rotor when the pressure supply is switched off or fails, thereby increasing the risk of injuries in the area of the robot arm Persons and damage to objects is effectively prevented.

Eine derartige Feststell-Einrichtung ist mit durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 5 angegebenen Betätigungselementen auf einfach Weise funktionell zuverlässig realisierbar.Such a locking device can be implemented in a simple manner in a functionally reliable manner with the actuating elements specified by the features of claim 5.

Wenn solche Betätigungselemente, wie gemäß Anspruch 6, vorgesehen, parallel zur zentralen Längsachse der Antriebsvorrichtung verschiebbar sind, so können diese auf ein Feststell-Element wirken, das gegen eine Stirnfläche des Rotors preßbar ist, der dann zweckmäßigerweise axial unverrückbar gelagert ist, alternativ dazu, wie gemäß Anspruch 7 vorgesehen, unmittelbar auf einen axial verschiebbar gestalteten Rotor des Hydromotors, wobei für eine solche Gestaltung der Antriebsvorrichtung durch die Merkmale der weiteren Ansprüche 8 bis 10 alternativ oder in Kombination realisierbare, je für sich vorteilhaft einfache Ausgestaltungen angegeben sind.If such actuating elements, as provided according to claim 6, are displaceable parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the drive device, they can act on a locking element which can be pressed against an end face of the rotor, which is then expediently axially immovable, alternatively, as provided in accordance with claim 7, directly on an axially displaceably designed rotor of the hydraulic motor, wherein for such a design of the drive device by the features of the further claims 8 to 10 alternatively or in combination realizable, each advantageous advantageous simple configurations are specified.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines speziellen Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der Zeichnung. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Antriebsvorrichtung mit einem von der Abtriebswelle eines als Leistungsantrieb vorgesehenen Axialkolben-Hydromotors aufgenommenen Nachlauf-Regelventil, im Schnitt längs einer die zentrale Achse der Antriebsvorrichtung enthaltenden Radialebene, im Maßstab 1:1, hinsichtlich der Wiedergabe des NachlaufRegelventils in vereinfachter Symbol-Darstellung und
Fig. 2
eine schematisch vereinfachte Abwicklungs-Darstellung des Antriebsteils des Rotors des Hydromotors gemäß Fig. 1.
Further details and features emerge from the following description of a special exemplary embodiment based on the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a drive device according to the invention with a follow-up control valve received by the output shaft of an axial piston hydraulic motor provided as a power drive, on average along a radial plane containing the central axis of the drive device, on a scale of 1: 1, with regard to the reproduction of the follow-up control valve in a simplified symbol representation and
Fig. 2
2 shows a schematically simplified development representation of the drive part of the rotor of the hydraulic motor according to FIG. 1.

Die in der Fig. 1, auf deren Einzelheiten ausdrücklich verwiesen sein, dargestellte, insgesamt mit 10 bezeichnete hydraulische Antriebsvorrichtung, ist für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsfällen im Maschinenbau gedacht, bei denen rotatorische Antriebe hoher Leistungsdichte benötigt werden, die auf einfache Weise sowohl steuerbar als auch hinsichtlich der Zahl der ausgeführten Umdrehungen des allgemein mit 11 bezeichneten Abtriebselements der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 sehr genau überwachbar sind wobei die Genauigkeit dieser Überwachbarkeit auch innerhalb jeder einzelnen der von dem Abtriebselement 11 ausgeführten Umdrehungen mit einer definierten Winkelauflösung möglich sein soll, z.B. mit einer hohen Winkelauflösung von 0,1°, erforderlichenfalls auch noch genauer, wobei diese Genauigkeit im wesentlichen von den Eigenschaften eines insgesamt mit 12 bezeichneten Gebersystems abhängig ist, mittels dessen sowohl die Anzahl der von dem Abtriebselement 11 der Antriebsvorrichtung ausgeführten Umdrehungen als auch, innerhalb einer jeder einzelnen Umdrehung, die Winkelstellung des Abtriebselementes 11 bezüglich einer fest vorgegebenen Bezugsebene oder -orientierung erfaßbar ist.The hydraulic drive device shown in FIG. 1, to the details of which reference is expressly made, which is designated as a whole by 10, is for a large number of applications intended in mechanical engineering, in which rotary drives of high power density are required, which are easily controllable and can be monitored very precisely with regard to the number of revolutions carried out of the output element of the drive device 10, generally designated 11, the accuracy of this monitorability also within each one of the revolutions carried out by the output element 11 should be possible with a defined angular resolution, for example with a high angular resolution of 0.1 °, if necessary also more precisely, this accuracy essentially being dependent on the properties of an encoder system designated as a whole by means of both the number of revolutions carried out by the output element 11 of the drive device and, within each individual revolution, the angular position of the output element 11 with respect to a fixedly predetermined reference plane or orientation can be determined .

Moderne Gebersysteme 12 der in Frage kommenden Art ermöglichen hierbei Winkelauflösungen von 0,01° weniger.Modern encoder systems 12 of the type in question enable angular resolutions of 0.01 ° less.

Insbesondere ist die Antriebsvorrichtung 10 für einen Einsatz im Rahmen CNC (Computer Numeric Control)-gesteuerter Werkzeugmaschinen oder im Rahmen von Robotern oder mit solchen vergleichbaren Manipulatoren oder Arbeitsgeräten gedacht, die mehrgelenkige Ausleger oder "Arme" haben, an deren freiem Ende entweder ein Greifer oder ein Werkzeug angeordnet ist, das entlang einer genau definierten Bewegungsbahn führbar sein muß und/oder in eine bestimmte Position, die durch Angabe von Koordinatenwerten bestimmt ist, bringbar sein muß, wobei es in diesem letztgenannten Fall nicht zwingend erforderlich ist, daß diese Position auf einem bestimmten Weg erreicht werden muß, dies jedenfalls dann nicht, wenn diese Position erst Ausgangspunkt für eine Bewegung des Werkzeuges oder Greifers ist, ab welcher erst eine genau definierte Bahn eingehalten werden muß.In particular, the drive device 10 is intended for use in the context of CNC (Computer Numeric Control) -controlled machine tools or in the context of robots or with comparable manipulators or work tools which have multi-articulated arms or "arms", at the free end of which either a gripper or a tool is arranged which must be able to be guided along a precisely defined movement path and / or must be able to be brought into a specific position which is determined by specifying coordinate values, in the latter case it not being absolutely necessary for this position to be on a certain path must be reached, at least not if this position is only the starting point for a movement of the tool or gripper, From which a precisely defined path must first be maintained.

Die Antriebsvorrichtung 10 umfaßt als Leistungsantrieb einen insgesamt mit 13 bezeichneten, als Axialkolbenmotor ausgebildeten Hydromotor und als Steuerelement ein insgesamt mit 14 bezeichnetes Nachlauf-Regelventil, das mit elektrisch steurbarer Drehwinkel-Sollwert-Vorgabe und mechanischer Istwert-Rückmeldung der momentanen Winkelstellung des insgesamt mit 16 bezeichneten Rotors des Hydromotors 13 und damit auch des Abtriebselements 11 desselben arbeitet. Zum Zweck einer inkrementalen Drehwinkel- bzw. Positions-Sollwert-Einsteuerung ist ein Elektromotor 17 vorgesehen, der als impulsgesteuerter Schrittmotor ausgebildet oder auch als AC-Motor realisiert sein kann. Er ist, seiner Funktion nach, seinerseits als Steuerelement des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 anzusehen.The drive device 10 comprises as a power drive a hydraulic motor, generally designated 13, designed as an axial piston motor, and as a control element, a follow-up control valve, generally designated 14, which is provided with an electrically controllable rotational angle setpoint specification and mechanical actual value feedback of the current angular position of the overall designated 16 Rotor of the hydraulic motor 13 and thus also the output element 11 of the same works. For the purpose of incremental rotation angle or position setpoint control, an electric motor 17 is provided, which can be designed as a pulse-controlled stepper motor or can also be implemented as an AC motor. According to its function, it in turn is to be regarded as a control element of the follow-up control valve 14.

Für dieses Nachlauf-Regelventil 14, das in der Figur 1 im wesentlichen durch sein hydraulisches Schaltsymbol repräsentiert ist, ist konstruktiv der durch die DE 37 29 564 A1 im einzelnen bekannte Aufbau vorgesehen, auf deren Inhalt insoweit Bezug genommen sei. Es wird daher nachfolgend nur hinsichtlich seiner Funktion im Rahmen der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 erläutert und auf konstruktive Einzelheiten nur insoweit eingegangen, als diese für die Erläuterung des speziellen Ausführungsbeispiels erforderlich sind.For this overrun control valve 14, which is represented in FIG. 1 essentially by its hydraulic switching symbol, the construction known in detail from DE 37 29 564 A1 is provided structurally, the contents of which reference is made to this extent. It is therefore only explained below with regard to its function in the context of the drive device 10, and construction details are only discussed to the extent that they are necessary for the explanation of the special exemplary embodiment.

Das Nachlauf-Regelventil 14 ist als 4/3-Wegeventil ausgebildet, dessen neutrale, dem Stillstand des Hydromotors 13 zugeordnete Grundstellung O eine Sperrstellung ist, in welcher der P-Versorgungsanschluß 18 des Hydromotors 13, über den dieser mit dem Hochdruck-Ausgang eines nicht dargestellten Druckversorgungs-Aggregats verbunden ist, und der T-Versorgungsanschluß 19, über den der Hydromotor 13 mit dem drucklosen. d.h. auf Atmosphärendruck gehaltenen Vorratsbehälter des Druckversorgungs-Aggregats verbunden ist, sowohl gegen den A-Steueranschluß 21 als auch gegen den B-Steueranschluß 22 des Hydromotors 13 abgesperrt sind, durch deren alternativen Anschluß an den P-Versorgungsanschluß 18 und den T-Versorgungsanschluß 19 die Dreh-Antriebsrichtung des Hydromotors 13 steuerbar ist.The overrun control valve 14 is designed as a 4/3-way valve, the neutral position O of which the hydraulic motor 13 is at a standstill is a blocking position in which the P supply connection 18 of the hydraulic motor 13, via which the latter does not have a high-pressure output shown pressure supply unit is connected, and the T-supply connection 19, via which the hydraulic motor 13 with the unpressurized. ie is kept at atmospheric pressure reservoir of the pressure supply unit, both against the A-control connection 21 and against the B-control connection 22 of the hydraulic motor 13 are blocked, by their alternative connection to the P-supply connection 18 and the T-supply connection 19 the Rotary drive direction of the hydraulic motor 13 is controllable.

Aus der Grundstellung O heraus ist das Nachlauf-Regelventil 14, entsprechend den alternativen Drehrichtungen, in denen der Elektromotor 17 - elektrisch - ansteuerbar ist, entweder in die Funktionsstellung I steuerbar, in welcher der P-Versorgungsanschluß 18 mit dem A-Steueranschluß 21 und der T-Versorgungsanschluß 19 mit dem B-Steueranschluß 22 des Hydromotors 13 verbunden sind, oder in die Funktionsstellung II, in welcher der P-Versorgungsanschluß 18 mit dem B-Steueranschluß 22 und der T-Versorgunsanschluß 19 mit dem A-Steueranschluß 21 des Hydromotors 13 verbunden sind.From the basic position O, the overrun control valve 14, in accordance with the alternative directions of rotation in which the electric motor 17 is electrically controllable, can either be controlled into the functional position I, in which the P supply connection 18 with the A control connection 21 and the T-supply connection 19 are connected to the B-control connection 22 of the hydraulic motor 13, or to the functional position II, in which the P-supply connection 18 with the B-control connection 22 and the T-supply connection 19 with the A-control connection 21 of the hydraulic motor 13 are connected.

Für das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel sei angenommen, daß die Ansteuerung des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 in seine Funktionsstellung I dadurch erfolgt, daß der Elektromotor 17, in Richtung des Pfeils 23 der Fig. 1 gesehen, im Uhrzeigersinn angetrieben wird und demgemäß das Nachlauf-Regelventil 14 in seine Funktionsstellung II gesteuert ist, wenn sich der Elektromotor 17 im Gegen-Uhrzeigersinn dreht. Des weiteren ist für das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel vorausgesetzt, daß die Drehrichtung des Hydromotors 13 gleichsinnig mit derjenigen des Elektromotors 17 ist.For the exemplary embodiment shown, it is assumed that the control of the overrun control valve 14 takes place in its functional position I in that the electric motor 17, viewed in the direction of arrow 23 in FIG. 1, is driven in a clockwise direction and accordingly the overrun control valve 14 in its functional position II is controlled when the electric motor 17 rotates counterclockwise. Furthermore, it is assumed for the illustrated embodiment that the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor 13 is in the same direction as that of the electric motor 17.

Die Drehwinkel- bzw. Positions-Sollwert-Vorgabe erfolgt, wie in der Figur 1 lediglich schematisch angedeutet, über eine mit dem Rotor 24 des Elektromotors 17 drehfest verbundene Sollwert-Vorgabe-Welle 26, durch deren Rotation ein insgesamt mit 27 bezeichnetes Ventil-Betätigungselement, je nach Drehrichtung des Rotors 24 des Elektromotors 17 im Uhrzeiger- oder im Gegen-Uhrzeigersinn, in den durch den Doppelpfeil 28 markierten, alternativen Richtungen verschiebbar ist, wobei ein als Schieber vorausgesetzter Ventilkörper des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 - zwischen Steuerflanschen 27′ und 27˝ des Ventilbetätigungselementes 27, in Richtung der zentralen Längsachse 29 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 gesehen, gleichsam "eingespannt" ist und demgemäß die Verschiebebewegungen des Ventil-Betätigungselementes 27 mit ausführt. Dieses Ventil-Betätigungselement 27 ist in der durch die DE 27 29 564 A1 bekannten Gestaltung als die Sollwert-Vorgabewelle 26 mindestens auf Längenabschnitten derselben koaxial umschließende, in dem Gehäuse 31 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 längs-verschiebbar, jedoch unverdrehbar geführt angeordnete Gewindemutter ausgebildet, die, wie nicht eigens dargestellt, über Gewindekugeln mit einem Außengewinde der Sollwert-Vorgabe-Welle 26 in kämmendem Eingriff steht. Zur Positions-Istwert-Rückmeldung ist bei dem Nachlauf-Regelventil 14 eine mit einem Innengewinde der Sollwert-Vorgabe-Welle 26 in kämmendem Eingriff stehende Gewindespindel 32 als "Rückmeldespindel" vorgesehen, welche drehfest mit dem Rotor 16 des Hydromotors 13 gekoppelt ist.The rotation angle or position setpoint is specified, as indicated only schematically in FIG. 1, by means of a the rotor 24 of the electric motor 17 non-rotatably connected setpoint input shaft 26, by the rotation of which a valve actuating element designated overall by 27, depending on the direction of rotation of the rotor 24 of the electric motor 17 clockwise or counterclockwise, in the direction indicated by the double arrow 28 marked, alternative directions is displaceable, wherein a valve body of the follow-up control valve 14, which is a slide, is - between control flanges 27 'and 27' of the valve actuating element 27, seen in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10, as it were "clamped" and accordingly the Sliding movements of the valve actuating element 27 with. In the design known from DE 27 29 564 A1, this valve actuating element 27 is designed as the setpoint input shaft 26, at least on longitudinal sections of the same, in the housing 31 of the follow-up control valve 14, arranged longitudinally displaceable but non-rotatably arranged threaded nut, which, as not specifically shown, is in meshing engagement with threaded balls with an external thread of the setpoint input shaft 26. For the feedback of actual position value, a follow-up control valve 14 is provided with a threaded spindle 32, which is in meshing engagement with an internal thread of the setpoint input shaft 26, as a "feedback spindle", which is rotatably coupled to the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13.

Darüber hinaus wird der Antriebs-Regelkreis von der Istwert-Seite zur Sollwert-Seite durch das inkrementale Weg- bzw. Drehstellungs-Gebersystem 12 geschlossen, das einen ersten, die Anzahl der von dem Rotor 16 des Hydromotors 13 ausgeführten Umdrehungen erfassenden Geber 34 und einen zweiten, jede dieser Umdrehungen in eine Anzahl von Winkel-Inkrementen auflösenden Geber 36 umfaßt.In addition, the drive control circuit is closed from the actual value side to the setpoint side by the incremental travel or rotary position sensor system 12, which includes a first sensor 34, which detects the number of revolutions made by the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13, and one second encoder 36 which resolves each of these revolutions into a number of angular increments.

Dieser Inkrementalgeber 36 ist seinerseits, was nicht im Detail dargestellt ist, mittels zweier Geberelemente realisiert, die in Umfangsrichtung einer Umfangszahnung 37 einer sich mit dem Rotor 16 des Hydromotors 13 drehenden Geberscheibe 38 gesehen, derart versetzt gegeneinander angeordnet sind, daß die impulsförmigen oder sinusoidalen - elektrischen - Ausgangssignale dieser Geberelemente eine Phasenverschiebung von 90° gegeneinander haben, so daß aus den Signalpegeln und der Phasenlage der Ausgangssignale der Geberelemente zusätzlich zum Betrag der Positionsänderungen auch die Drehrichtung des Rotors 16 des Hydromotors 13 erkannt werden kann. Die Geber 34 und 36 können mit Hilfe von Feldplatten oder als induktive, ggf. auch als kapazitive oder elektro-optische Geber für sich bekannter Bauart realisiert sein.This incremental encoder 36 is in turn, which is not shown in detail, realized by means of two encoder elements which, seen in the circumferential direction of a circumferential toothing 37 of an encoder disk 38 rotating with the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13, are arranged offset with respect to one another such that the pulse-shaped or sinusoidal electrical - output signals of these encoder elements have a phase shift of 90 ° relative to one another, so that the direction of rotation of the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13 can be recognized from the signal levels and the phase position of the output signals of the encoder elements in addition to the amount of the position changes. The encoders 34 and 36 can be implemented with the aid of field plates or as inductive, possibly also as capacitive or electro-optical encoders of a type known per se.

Auch der Hydromotor 13 ist seinem Bauprinzip nach insoweit bekannt, als die Umsetzung von axialen Bewegungen die Antriebskammern 39 einer Mehrzahl von "kleinen" Linearzylindern 41 beweglich begrenzender Kolbenelemente 42 in Drehbewegungen des Rotors 16 durch axiale Abstützung dieser Kolbenelemente 42 an einer gehäusefesten, an ihrer den Linearzylindern 41 zugewandten Seite "wellig" gestalteten Stützscheibe 43 des Axialkolben-Hydromotors 13 einschlägigem Stand der Technik entspricht.The hydraulic motor 13 is also known in terms of its construction principle insofar as the implementation of axial movements drives the drive chambers 39 of a plurality of “small” linear cylinders 41 of piston elements 42 that move in a rotating manner in rotary movements of the rotor 16 by axially supporting these piston elements 42 on a housing-fixed one, on the other Linear cylinder 41 facing side "wavy" designed support plate 43 of the axial piston hydraulic motor 13 corresponds to the relevant prior art.

Ein diesem Bauprinzip entsprechender hydraulischer Axialkolbenmotor, der, wie auch beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 vorgesehen, mittels eines Nachlauf-Regelventils angesteuert wird, ist im Detail in der Deutschen Patentanmeldung P 38 27 365.9 erläutert, auf deren Beschreibung hinsichtlich der Gestaltung des Antriebsteils 44 des Rotors 16 des Hydromotors 13 und des Zusammenwirkens zwischen diesem Hydromotor und dem Nachlauf-Regelventil 14 ergänzend Bezug genommen sei. Demgemäß wird die nachfolgende Beschreibung des in der Zeichnung dargestellten speziellen Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsvorrichtung 10 - im wesentlichen - auf deren gegenüber der Antriebsvorrichtung gemäß der genannten Patentanmeldung bestehenden Unterschiede beschränkt.A hydraulic axial piston motor corresponding to this construction principle, which, as is also provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, is controlled by means of a follow-up control valve, is explained in detail in German patent application P 38 27 365.9, on the description of which regarding the design of the drive part 44 of the Rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13 and the interaction between this hydraulic motor and the follow-up control valve 14 is also referred to. Accordingly, the following description of the special exemplary embodiment of the drive device 10 according to the invention shown in the drawing is - essentially - limited to the differences that exist compared to the drive device according to the cited patent application.

Der Rotor 16 des Axialkolben-Hydromotors 13 ist mit einem im wesentlichen kreiszylindrisch-rohrförmigen Abschnitt 46 seiner Abtriebswelle 47 an einem seinerseits im wesentlichen kreiszylindrisch-rohrförmig ausgebildeten Zapfen 48 gleitend drehbar gelagert, der eine axiale Verlängerung eines den Elektromotor 17 in der dargestellten Anordnung aufnehmenden Teils 49 des insgesamt mit 50 bezeichneten Gehäuses der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 bildet. In diesen rohrförmigen Zapfen 48 ist das seinerseits zylindrisch-rohrförmige Gehäuse 31 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 fest eingesetzt und auf seiner gesamten Länge von dem Zapfen 48 umschlossen.The rotor 16 of the axial piston hydraulic motor 13 is slidably rotatably mounted with an essentially circular-cylindrical tubular section 46 of its output shaft 47 on a pin 48, which in turn is essentially circular-cylindrical tubular, which axially extends a part receiving the electric motor 17 in the arrangement shown 49 of the total designated 50 housing of the drive device 10 forms. In this tubular spigot 48, the cylindrical-tubular housing 31 of the follow-up control valve 14 is firmly inserted and enclosed by the spigot 48 along its entire length.

Das für die kleinen Linearzylinder 41 ein gemeinsames Gehäuse bildende Antriebsteil 44 des Rotors 16 ist als ein mit dessen Abtriebswelle 47 einstückig ausgeführter, gemäß der maßstäblichen Darstellung der Fig. 1 in axialer Richtung gesehen relativ dickwandiger, radialer Flansch ausgebildet, in den, wie am besten der schematischen Abwicklungs-Darstellung der Fig. 2, auf deren Einzelheiten ergänzend Bezug genommen sei, erkennbar, insgesamt sechzehn, in axialer Richtung durchgehende Bohrungen 51a bis 51p eingebracht sind, die mit axialsymmetrischer Verteilung ihrer zentralen Längsachsen 52 um die zentrale Längsachse 29 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 gruppiert sind. In diesen Bohrungen 51a bis 51p sind die Kolbenelemente 42 - gegen die Bohrungsflächen abgedichtet - gleitend verschiebbar angeordnet, die über Kugeln 53 an der axial gegenüberliegenden, zu den Kugeln etwa komplementär konkav gewölbten Stirnfläche 54 einer Ringrippe 56 der gehäusefesten Stützscheibe 43 abgestützt sind. Diese Ringrippe 56, deren mittlerer Durchmesser demjenigen des Bohrungskreises der axialen Bohrungen 51a bis 51p entspricht, hat, in Umfangsrichtung gesehen, eine in axialer Richtung periodisch variierende "Höhe", derart, daß sich für diese Stirnfläche 54, in der Abwicklungsdarstellung der Fig. 2 gesehen, ein insgesamt dreieck-wellenförmiger Verlauf mit einer in Winkelgraden gemessenen "Periodizitätslänge" p von 60°, d.h. eine sechszählige Axialsymmetrie ergibt. Die Ringrippe 56 hat somit insgesamt die Form einer "sechszackigen" Krone, deren Zacken 57 a bis 57 f zum Antriebsteil 44 des Rotors 16 hinweisend angeordnet sind. In der Abwicklungs-Darstellung der Fig. 2 haben die Zacken 57 a) bis 57 f) der an ihrer Basis 58 kreisringförmigen Ringrippe 56 die Form flacher, gleichschenklig-stumpfwinkliger Dreiecke, deren Schenkel 59 a) bis 59 f) und 61 a) bis 61 f) einen stumpfen Winkel β einschließen, der in praxi einen Wert um 140°, in bevorzugter Gestaltung des Axialkolben-Motors 13 einen Wert von 138° hat.The drive part 44 of the rotor 16, which forms a common housing for the small linear cylinders 41, is designed as a relatively thick-walled, radial flange, as seen in the axial direction, in one piece with its output shaft 47, as shown best in the axial direction the schematic developed view of Fig. 2, additional reference is made to the details of which, seen, sixteen in total, continuous in the axial direction of bores 51a are inserted p to 51, with an axially symmetrical distribution of their central longitudinal axes 52 about the central longitudinal axis 29 of the Drive device 10 are grouped. In these bores 51 a to 51 p , the piston elements 42 - sealed against the bore surfaces - are slidably arranged, which are supported by balls 53 on the axially opposite end face 54 of an annular rib 56 of the support disk 43 fixed to the housing, which is concavely curved to complement the balls. This annular rib 56, the mean diameter of which corresponds to that of the circle of holes of the axial bores 51 a to 51 p , has, seen in the circumferential direction, a periodically varying "height" in the axial direction, such that for this end face 54, in the development view of FIG 2 seen, an overall triangular-wave-shaped course with a "periodicity length" p measured in angular degrees of 60 °, that is, a six-fold axial symmetry. The ring rib 56 thus has the overall shape of a "six-pointed" crown, the points 57 a to 57 f of which are arranged pointing to the drive part 44 of the rotor 16. In the development representation of FIG. 2, the prongs 57 a) to 57 f) of the annular rib 56 which is circular at its base 58 have the shape of flat, isosceles-obtuse-angled triangles, the legs 59 a) to 59 f) and 61 a) to 61 f) include an obtuse angle β, which in practice has a value of 140 °, in a preferred embodiment of the axial piston motor 13 a value of 138 °.

Zwischen den "Spitzen" 62 a) bis 62 f) der Zacken 57 a) bis 57 f) und den dazwischen angeordneten "Tälern" 63 a) bis 63 f) der Ringrippe sind durch die Schenkel 59 a) bis 59 f) und 61 a) bis 61 f) abwechselnd aufsteigende und abfallende Rampen konstanter Steigung bzw. Neigung gebildet, die an den Spitzen und in den Tälern mit glatter Krümmung aneinander anschließen, wobei der Krümmungsradius mit dem je zwei Flanken in den Tälern 63 a) bis 63 f) aneinander anschließen, etwas größer ist als der Kugelradius der Stützkugeln 53.Between the "tips" 62 a) to 62 f) of the prongs 57 a) to 57 f) and the "valleys" 63 a) to 63 f) of the ring rib arranged in between are through the legs 59 a) to 59 f) and 61 a) to 61 f) alternately ascending and descending ramps of constant incline or incline, which adjoin one another at the peaks and in the valleys with a smooth curvature, the radius of curvature with the two flanks in the valleys 63 a) to 63 f) connect to each other, is slightly larger than the ball radius of the support balls 53.

Die Stützkugeln 53, die zusammen mit den zylindrisch-topfförmig gestalteten Kolbenelementen 42 die die Antriebskammern 39 der insgesamt 16 Linearzylinder 41 einseitig druckdicht beweglich begrenzenden Kolben dieser Linearzylinder 41 bilden, sind in konkaven Lagerpfannen 64 der Kolbenelemente 42 frei drehbar gelagert, damit sie sich an der Lauffläche 54 der Ringrippe 56 leichtgängig abwälzen können. Die Lagerpfannen 64, deren Krümmung sehr genau an diejenige der Stützkugeln 53 angepaßt ist, stehen über zentrale Schmierkanäle 65 mit den Antriebskammern 39 der Linearzylinder 41 in kommunizierender Verbindung, so daß sich im Betrieb des Axialkolbenmotors 13 zwischen den Gleitflächen der Lagerpfannen 64 und den Stützkugeln 53 ein dünner Schmierfilm bilden kann, der weitgehend verschleißfreien Betrieb des Axialkolbenmotors 13 gewährleistet.The support balls 53, which together with the cylindrical-pot-shaped piston elements 42, the drive chambers 39 of the A total of 16 linear cylinders 41 forming pistons of these linear cylinders 41 which are movable in a pressure-tight manner, are freely rotatably mounted in concave bearing pans 64 of the piston elements 42 so that they can roll around easily on the running surface 54 of the annular rib 56. The bearing pans 64, the curvature of which is very precisely matched to that of the support balls 53, are in communicating connection with the drive chambers 39 of the linear cylinders 41 via central lubrication channels 65, so that during operation of the axial piston motor 13 there are between the sliding surfaces of the bearing pans 64 and the support balls 53 can form a thin lubricating film which ensures largely wear-free operation of the axial piston motor 13.

Die rotorfesten axialen Begrenzungen der Antriebskammern 39 der Linearzylinder 41 sind durch in Gewindeabschnitte 66 der Bohrungen 51a bis 51p des Antriebsteils 44 einschraubbare, diese Bohrungen 51a bis 51p einseitig dicht verschließende Stopfen 67 gebildet. Der T-Versorgungsanschluß 19 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 steht über eine radiale Bohrung 68 des Gehäuses 31 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 mit einer mit dieser fluchtenden, radialen Bohrung 69 des Zapfens 48, die durch dessen zylindrische Wand hindurchtritt, in kommunizierender Verbindung, wobei in diese Querbohrung 69 ein Längskanal 71 mündet, der seinerseits über eine schräge Bohrung 72, die in einem massiven äußeren radialen Flansch 73 des den Elektromotor 17 aufnehmenden Gehäuseteils 49 angeordnet ist, kommunizierend mit dem T-Anschlußstutzen 74 verbunden ist, der über nicht-dargestellte Schlauch- oder Rohrleitungen an den drucklosen Tank des Druckversorgungs-Aggregats anschließbar ist. Der P-Versorgungsanschluß 18 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 steht über eine weitere Querbohrung 76 des äußeren Mantels des Ventilgehäuses 31 mit einer mit dieser fluchtenden, zweiten radialen Bohrung 77 des Zapfens 48 in kommunizierender Verbindung, in welche wiederum ein Längskanal 80 mündet, der, in Richtung der zentralen Längsachse 29 gesehen, in azimutalem Abstand an dem zum Tank-Anschlußstutzen 74 führenden Längskanal 71 vorbeitritt und eben falls über eine - nicht-dargestellte - schräge Bohrung zu dem ebenfalls nicht-dargestellten P-Anschlußstutzen führt, der an den Hochdruck-Ausgang des Druckversorgungs-Aggregats angeschlossen ist. Der A-Steueranschluß 21 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 steht mit einer Außennut 78 des Ventilgehäuses 31 in kommunizierender Verbindung, die als dieses umgebende Ringnut ausgebildet und demgemäß in der Abwicklungsdarstellung der Fig. 2 als ein sich über die gesamte Abwicklungslänge erstreckender Druckmittelkanal 78 dargestellt ist.The fixed-rotor axial boundaries of drive chambers 39 of the linear cylinder 41, these holes formed by a thread in sections 66 of the holes 51 a to 51 p of the drive member 44 screwed 51 to 51 p on one side tightly closing plug 67th The T-supply connection 19 of the follow-up control valve 14 is in communication via a radial bore 68 of the housing 31 of the follow-up control valve 14 with an aligned, radial bore 69 of the pin 48 which passes through its cylindrical wall, in this transverse bore 69 opens into a longitudinal channel 71, which in turn is communicatively connected to the T-connector 74 via an oblique bore 72, which is arranged in a solid outer radial flange 73 of the housing part 49 accommodating the electric motor 17, via a hose, not shown - Or pipelines can be connected to the unpressurized tank of the pressure supply unit. The P-supply connection 18 of the follow-up control valve 14 is via a further transverse bore 76 of the outer jacket of the valve housing 31 with a second radial bore 77 of the same which is aligned therewith Pin 48 in communicating connection, into which in turn a longitudinal channel 80 opens, which, viewed in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 29, passes at an azimuthal distance from the longitudinal channel 71 leading to the tank connecting piece 74 and, if so, via an oblique hole (not shown) leads to the P-connecting piece, also not shown, which is connected to the high-pressure outlet of the pressure supply unit. The A control connection 21 of the follow-up control valve 14 communicates with an outer groove 78 of the valve housing 31, which is formed as an annular groove surrounding it and is accordingly shown in the development view of FIG. 2 as a pressure medium channel 78 extending over the entire development length.

Desgleichen steht der B-Steueranschluß 22 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 in kommunizierender Verbindung mit einer zweiten Außennut 79, die ebenfalls als sich über den gesamten Umfang des Ventilgehäuses 31 erstreckende, in sich geschlossene Ringnut ausgebildet ist und demgemäß in der Fig. 2 als ein sich über die gesamte Abwicklungslänge erstreckender Druckmittelkanal dargestellt ist.Likewise, the B control connection 22 of the follow-up control valve 14 is in communicating connection with a second outer groove 79, which is also designed as a closed annular groove extending over the entire circumference of the valve housing 31 and accordingly in FIG. 2 as one Pressure medium channel extending over the entire development length is shown.

An der den beiden Ringnuten 78 und 79 gegenüberliegenden Außenseite des Zapfens 48 sind in insgesamt 12-zähliger axial-symmetrischer Gruppierung um die zentrale Längsachse 29, in Umfangsrichtung gesehen sektorförmige Außennuten 81a bis 81f sowie 82a bis 82f vorgesehen, die jeweils durch axiale Zwischenstege 83a bis 831 gegeneinander abgesetzt sind. Diese Außennuten 81a bis 81f sowie 82a bis 82f sind, in Umfangsrichtung gesehen, wie am besten der Figur 2 entnehmbar ist, alternierend über im wesentlichen radial verlaufende Bohrungen 84a bis 84f an die mit dem A-Stzueranschluß des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 in kommunizierender Verbindung stehende Ringnut 28 bzw. über Querbohrungen 86a bis 86f an die mit dem B-Steueranschluß 22 des Nach lauf-Regelventils 14 in kommunizierender Verbindung stehende Ringnut 79 des Ventilgehäuses 31 angeschlossen.On the outer side of the pin 48 opposite the two ring grooves 78 and 79, a total of 12-fold axially symmetrical grouping around the central longitudinal axis 29, viewed in the circumferential direction, sector-shaped outer grooves 81a to 81f and 82a to 82f are provided, each by axial intermediate webs 83a to 831 are set against each other. Seen in the circumferential direction, as can best be seen in FIG. 2, these outer grooves 81a to 81f and 82a to 82f are alternately connected to the through essentially radially running bores 84a to 84f with the A-Stzuer connection of the follow-up control valve 14 in communicating connection annular groove 28 or via transverse bores 86a to 86f to the with the B control connection 22 of the after-run control valve 14 in communicating connection connected annular groove 79 of the valve housing 31.

Die in Umfangsrichtung gemessene Winkelbreite der sektorförmigen Außennuten 81a bis 81f bzw. 82a bis 82f zuzüglich der entsprechend gemessenen Winkelbreite eines der axialen Stege 83a bis 831, welche je zwei dieser Nuten, z. B die Nuten 82b und 81b gegeneinander absetzen, beträgt in der Summe 30°, wobei die Winkelbreite der sektorförmigen Nuten 81a bis 81f und 82a bis 82f wesentlich größer ist, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen 5 und 10 beträgt. Die Winkelbreite der Stege 83a bis 83p entspricht der azimutalen, d.h. in Umfangsrichtung gemessenen lichten Weite von radialen Durchgangsbohrungen 87a bis 87p des kreiszylindrisch-rohrförmigen Abschnittes 46 des Rotors 16 des Hydromotors 13, über die die Antriebskammern 39 der Linearzylinder 41, wenn der Rotor 16 sich dreht, alternierend mit dem A-Steueranschluß 21 und dem B-Steueranschluß 22 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 in kommunizierende Verbindung gelangen und beim Vorbeitreten an einem der Stege 83a bis 83p für einen kurzen Moment vollständig abgesperrt werden.The angular width of the sector-shaped outer grooves 81a to 81f or 82a to 82f measured in the circumferential direction plus the correspondingly measured angular width of one of the axial webs 83a to 831, each of which two of these grooves, z. B the grooves 82b and 81b against each other is 30 ° in total, the angular width of the sector-shaped grooves 81a to 81f and 82a to 82f being considerably larger, the ratio being between 5 and 10. The angular width of the webs 83a to 83p corresponds to the azimuthal, i.e. circumferentially measured inside width of radial through bores 87a to 87p of the circular-cylindrical tubular section 46 of the rotor 16 of the hydraulic motor 13, via which the drive chambers 39 of the linear cylinders 41, when the rotor 16 rotates, alternate with the A control connection 21 and the B -Control connection 22 of the follow-up control valve 14 come into communicating connection and be completely shut off for a brief moment when stepping past one of the webs 83a to 83p.

Aufgrund der erläuterten Symmetrieverhältnisse tragen die "gleichzeitig" an eine der beiden Ringnuten 78 und 79 angeschlossenen Linearzylinder jeweils gleichsinnig zur Drehmoment-Entfaltung des Axialkolbenmotors 13 bei bzw. sind daran nicht beteiligt, wobei anhand der Figur 2 unmittelbar erkennbar ist, daß, beim speziellen Ausführungsbeispiel, jeweils mindestens 6 der Linearzylinder und im Extremfall sogar 8 gleichsinnig zur Drehmoment-Entfaltung beitragen.Due to the symmetry relationships explained, the linear cylinders connected "simultaneously" to one of the two ring grooves 78 and 79 each contribute in the same direction to the torque development of the axial piston motor 13 or are not involved in this, with FIG. 2 directly recognizing that, in the special exemplary embodiment , each contribute at least 6 of the linear cylinders and in extreme cases even 8 in the same direction to the torque development.

Der Vollständigkeit halber sei noch angemerkt, daß in der Figur 1 Bezugszeichen, die in der Figur 2 mit alphabetischen Indizes versehen sind, der Einfachheit halber ohne diese Indizes angegeben sind.For the sake of completeness, it should also be noted that in FIG. 1, reference numerals which are provided with alphabetical indices in FIG. 2 are given without these indices for the sake of simplicity.

Durch die insoweit erläuterte bauliche Integration des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 in den Zapfen 48 des Gehäuseteils 49 ergeben sich kürzestmögliche Abmessungen der vom Nachlauf-Regelventil 14 zu den Antriebskammern 39 der Linearzylinder 41 führenden Druck-Versorgungskanäle 84a bis 84f und 86a bis 86f sowie der radialen Kanäle 87a bis 87p, was für eine hohe "Steifigkeit" des Antriebes von großer Bedeutung ist.The constructional integration of the follow-up control valve 14 into the pin 48 of the housing part 49 explains the shortest possible dimensions of the pressure supply channels 84a to 84f and 86a to 86f leading from the follow-up control valve 14 to the drive chambers 39 of the linear cylinders 41, as well as the radial channels 87a to 87p, which is very important for a high "rigidity" of the drive.

Die mit der welligen Ringrippe 56 versehene Stützscheibe 43 ist zwischen einem zylindrisch-rohrförmigen Gehäuseteil 88, das gegen den radialen Flansch 73 des den Elektromotor 17 aufnehmenden Gehäuseteils 49 abgedichtet ist und im wesentlichen die radial äußere Begrenzung des das Antriebsteil 44 des Rotors 16 aufnehmenden Ringraumes 89 bildet und einem außen und innen gestuften zylindrischen Abschlußteil 91 des Gehäuses 50 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 axial einspannt, wobei die Stützscheibe 43 mittels eines mit dieser einstückigen Zentrierringes 92, dessen Außendurchmesseer genau dem Innendurchmesser des zylindrisch-rohrförmigen Gehäuseteils 88 entspricht, bezüglich diesem bzw. der zentralen Längsachse 29 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 genau zentriert ist und mittels eines axialen Paßstiftes 93, der eine mit koaxialen Bohrungen des zylindrisch-rohrförmigen Gehäuseteils 88 und des Gehäuse-Abschlußteils 91 fluchtende Bohrung der Stützscheibe 43 durchsetzt, gegen Verdrehungen relativ zu den Gehäuseteilen 88 und 91 gesichert ist. Das ge stufte Abschlußteil 91 des Gehäuses 50, aus der der Rotor 16 mit dem das Abtriebsteil 11 bildenden Endabschnitt einer dort massiv gestalteten Rotorwelle 47 austritt, ist gegen diese mittels einer Lippen-Ringdichtung 94 abgedichtet.The support disk 43 provided with the undulating annular rib 56 is between a cylindrical tubular housing part 88 which is sealed against the radial flange 73 of the housing part 49 receiving the electric motor 17 and essentially the radially outer boundary of the annular space 89 receiving the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 forms and axially clamps an externally and internally stepped cylindrical end part 91 of the housing 50 of the drive device 10, the support disc 43 by means of a centering ring 92 integral therewith, the outside diameter of which corresponds exactly to the inside diameter of the cylindrical-tubular housing part 88, with respect to this or the central part Longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10 is precisely centered and by means of an axial dowel pin 93, which passes through a bore of the support disk 43 aligned with coaxial bores of the cylindrical-tubular housing part 88 and the housing end part 91, against rotation en is secured relative to the housing parts 88 and 91. The GE stepped end part 91 of the housing 50, from which the rotor 16 emerges with the end section forming the driven part 11 of a rotor shaft 47 which is of solid design there, is sealed against this by means of a lip-ring seal 94.

Innerhalb der äußeren, abtriebsseitigen, dem Innendurchmesser nach kleineren Stufe 96 des gestuft-zylindrischen Gehäuseteils 91 ist die Rotorwelle 47 mittels eines Radial-Nadellagers 97 drehbar gelagert, wobei dieses Nadellager 97, wie auch das "Zapfenlager" eine axiale Verschiebbarkeit des Rotors 16 zuläßt. Der radial außen mit einer zylindrischen Fläche an der zylindrischen Innenfläche des zylindrisch-rohrförmigen Gehäuseteils 88 anliegende und mittels einer Ringdichtung 98 gegen dieses Gehäuseteil 88 abgedichtete Zentrierring 92 der Stützscheibe 43 hat an seiner radial inneren Seite eine konische Fasenfläche 99, deren lichter Durchmesser zum Antriebsteil 44 des Rotors 16 hin zunimmt. Das Antriebsteil 44 des Rotors 16 ist seinerseits mit einer der Fasenfläche 99 des Zentrierringes 92 der Stützscheibe 43, in axialer Richtung gesehen, gegenüberliegend angeordneten, äußeren Fasenfläche 101 versehen, deren Neigung bezüglich der zentralen Längsachse 29 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 derjenigen der Fasenfläche 99 des Zentrierringes 92 der Stützscheibe 43 entspricht.The rotor shaft 47 is rotatably supported by means of a radial needle bearing 97 within the outer, output-side, the inner diameter after the smaller step 96 of the stepped-cylindrical housing part 91, this needle bearing 97, like the “journal bearing”, allowing the rotor 16 to be axially displaceable. The centering ring 92 of the support disk 43, which rests radially on the outside with a cylindrical surface on the cylindrical inner surface of the cylindrical tubular housing part 88 and is sealed against this housing part 88 by means of an annular seal 98, has a conical chamfer surface 99 on its radially inner side, the clear diameter of which towards the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 increases. The drive part 44 of the rotor 16 is in turn provided with an outer chamfer surface 101 arranged opposite the chamfer surface 99 of the centering ring 92 of the support disk 43, viewed in the axial direction, the inclination thereof with respect to the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10 of that of the chamfer surface 99 of the centering ring 92 corresponds to the support disk 43.

In der in der Figur 1 dargestellten, einem Rotations-Betriebszustand des Axialkolben-Hydromotors 13 entsprechenden Position des Rotors 16 sind die beiden Fasenflächen 99 und 101 deer Stützscheibe 43 und des Antriebsteils 44 des Rotors 16, in "Höhe" eines gemeinsamen Wertes ihrer Durchmesser gesehen, in einem kleinen axialen Abstand von z.B. 1 bis 2 mm voneinander angeordnet, so daß zwischen den beiden Fasenflächen ein konischer Spalt 101 verbleibt, dessen senkrecht zu den Fasenflächen 99 und 102 gemessene lichte Weite einige Zehntel Millimeter beträgt. Diese Position des Rotors 16 zu der Stützscheibe 43 ist durch die Anlage von Lagerrollen 105 eines Axialrollenlagers 103 an der der Ringrippe 56 der Stützscheibe 43 gegenüberliegenden Ringfläche 104 derselben bestimmt, dessen dieser Ringfläche 104 gegenüberliegende Abstützung durch einen mit der Rotorwelle 47 verschiebefest verbundenen Lagerring 106 gebildet ist. Das durch die Lagerrollen 102 und den Lagerring 106 gebildete Axialrollenlager 103 ist innerhalb eines Ringraumes 107 angeordnet, dessen äußere radiale Begrenzung durch die dem Innendurchmesser nach größere Stufe 108 des gestuften Gehäuseteils 91 gebildet ist. In axialer Richtung ist dieser Ringraum 107 durch die zwischen den beiden Gehäusestufen 96 und 108 vermittelnde Ringschulter 109, einerseits und die Stützscheibe 43, andererseits, begrenzt. Der lichte axiale Abstand zwischen dem Lagerring 106 und der Ringschulter 109 des gestuften Gehäuseteils 91 ist etwas größer als der lichte axiale Abstand der beiden Fasenflächen 99 und 101 des Zentrierringes 92 der Stützscheibe 43 und des Antriebsteils 44 des Rotors 16, gesehen in der dargestellten Betriebsposition des Axialkolben-Hydromotors 13, in die dessen Rotor 16 durch die Druckbeaufschlagung von jeweils mindestens 6 Antriebskammern 39 seiner Linearzylinder 41 gedrängt wird.In the position of the rotor 16 shown in FIG. 1, which corresponds to a rotational operating state of the axial piston hydraulic motor 13, the two chamfer surfaces 99 and 101 of the support disk 43 and the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 are seen at the "height" of a common value of their diameters , at a small axial distance of eg 1 to 2 mm from each other arranged so that a conical gap 101 remains between the two bevel surfaces, the clear width measured perpendicular to the bevel surfaces 99 and 102 being a few tenths of a millimeter. This position of the rotor 16 relative to the support disk 43 is determined by the contact of bearing rollers 105 of an axial roller bearing 103 on the annular surface 104 opposite the annular rib 56 of the support disk 43, the support opposite this annular surface 104 being formed by a bearing ring 106 which is fixedly connected to the rotor shaft 47 is. The axial roller bearing 103 formed by the bearing rollers 102 and the bearing ring 106 is arranged within an annular space 107, the outer radial boundary of which is formed by the step 108 of the stepped housing part 91, which is larger on the inside diameter. In the axial direction, this annular space 107 is delimited by the annular shoulder 109 mediating between the two housing stages 96 and 108, on the one hand, and the support disk 43, on the other hand. The clear axial distance between the bearing ring 106 and the annular shoulder 109 of the stepped housing part 91 is slightly larger than the clear axial distance between the two chamfer surfaces 99 and 101 of the centering ring 92 of the support disk 43 and the drive part 44 of the rotor 16, seen in the operating position shown Axial piston hydraulic motor 13, in the rotor 16 of which is urged by the pressurization of at least 6 drive chambers 39 of its linear cylinder 41.

Um zu vermeiden, daß bei einer Verwendung der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 zur Realisierung z.B. eines Roboterarmes, der als "Gelenke" mehrere Antriebsvorrichtungen 10 umfaßt, der Roboterarm "unkontrolliert zusammenklappt", ist die Antriebsvorrichtung 10 mit einer insgesamt mit 111 bezeichneten Feststell-Einrichtung ausgerüstet, die bei einem Abschalter der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 selbsttätig ein Festsetzen des Rotors 16 in der im Moment des Abschaltens eingenommenen Winkelstellung vermittelt.In order to avoid that when the drive device 10 is used to implement, for example, a robot arm which comprises a plurality of drive devices 10 as "joints", the robot arm "collapses in an uncontrolled manner", the drive device 10 is equipped with a locking device, generally designated 111, which when the drive device 10 is switched off, the rotor 16 is automatically locked in the angular position assumed at the moment of switching off.

Als Betätigungselemente der "Feststellbremse 111" sind beim dargestellten, speziellen Ausführungsbeispiel, in axial-symmetrischer Gruppierung um die zentrale Längsachse 29 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 angeordnete Stempel 112 vorgesehen, die durch vorgespannte Druckfedern 113 in Anlage mit der der Stützscheibe 43 abgewandten - rückwärtigen - ringförmigen End-Stirnfläche 114 des Antriebsteils 44 des Rotors 16 drängbar sind, wodurch der Rotor 16 eine axiale Verschiebung erfährt, durch die die beiden Fasenflächen 99 und 101 des Zentrierringes 92 und des Antriebsteils 44, die in diesem Falle als Reibflächen der Feststell-Einrichtung 111 wirken, in Anlage miteinander gelangen und eine reibungsflüssige Fixierung des Rotors 16 im Gehäuse 50 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 erzielt wird. Die Stempel 112 sind mit in axialen Bohrungen 116 größeren Durchmessers druckdicht verschiebbaren Kolben 117 verbunden, an deren den Stempeln 112 abgewandten Seiten die vorgespannten Druckfedern 113 angreifen. Diese Kolben 117 bilden auch die axial-beweglichen Begrenzungen von Steuerkammern 118, in die im Betrieb der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 der hohe Ausgangsdruck der Hilfsdruckquelle eingekoppelt ist, wodurch die Kolben 117 und mit diesen die Stempel 112 in eine von dem Antriebsteil 44 des Rotors 16 entfernte bzw. von diesem abgehobene, in der Figur 1 dargestellte Position gedrängt werden, in welcher die Feststell-Einrichtung 111 gelöst ist und der Rotor 16 - in seiner dargestellten axialen Position - frei drehbar ist.In the special embodiment shown, the actuating elements of the "parking brake 111" are stamps 112 arranged in an axially symmetrical grouping around the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10, which by prestressed compression springs 113 in contact with the - rear - annular end facing away from the support disk 43 End face 114 of the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 can be pushed, as a result of which the rotor 16 experiences an axial displacement, through which the two chamfer surfaces 99 and 101 of the centering ring 92 and the drive part 44, which in this case act as friction surfaces of the locking device 111, come into contact with each other and a frictional fixation of the rotor 16 in the housing 50 of the drive device 10 is achieved. The plungers 112 are connected to pistons 117 which can be displaced in a pressure-tight manner in axial bores 116 of larger diameter, on whose sides remote from the plungers 112 the prestressed compression springs 113 engage. These pistons 117 also form the axially movable limits of control chambers 118, into which the high output pressure of the auxiliary pressure source is coupled during operation of the drive device 10, as a result of which the pistons 117 and with them the punches 112 into or away from the drive part 44 of the rotor 16 1, in which the locking device 111 is released and the rotor 16 - in its illustrated axial position - can be freely rotated.

Die für die Erzielung der Feststell-Funktion beim dargestellten, speziellen Ausführungsbeispiel erforderliche - geringfügige - axiale Verschiebbarkeit des Rotors 16 ist bei der erläuterten Konstruktion seiner Lagerung - radial innen an dem Zapfen 48 des den Elektromotor 17 aufnehmenden Gehäuseteils 49 und radial außen mittels des Nadellagers 97 an dem Gehäuseabschlußteil 91 ohne Schwierigkeit realisierbar.The - slight - axial displaceability of the rotor 16 required to achieve the locking function in the particular exemplary embodiment shown is in the construction of its mounting explained - radially inside on the pin 48 of the housing part 49 receiving the electric motor 17 and radially outside by means of the needle bearing 97 can be realized on the housing end part 91 without difficulty.

Für Anwendungsfälle der Antriebsvorrichtung 10, bei denen die für die insoweit geschilderte Feststell-Einrichtung 111 erforderliche Verschiebbarkeit des Rotors 16 nicht zweckmäßig wäre, kann eine analog wirkende Feststelleinrichtung auch in der Weise realisiert werden, daß eine mit den Stempeln 112 zugund schubfest verbundene ringscheibenförmige Bremsbacke vorgesehen wird, die in Anlage mit der rückwärtigen Endstirnfläche 114 des Antriebsteil, das nunmehr seinerseits als Bremsbacke wirkt, drängbar ist, wobei der Rotor 16 axial verschiebefest im Gehäuse 50 drehbar gelagert sein kann.For applications of the drive device 10, in which the displaceability of the rotor 16 required for the locking device 111 described so far would not be expedient, an analog locking device can also be implemented in such a way that an annular disk-shaped brake shoe connected to the punches 112 in a manner that is resistant to shear and thrust is provided is, which can be urged in contact with the rear end face 114 of the drive part, which now in turn acts as a brake shoe, wherein the rotor 16 may be rotatably mounted axially fixed in the housing 50.

Eine für die Funktion des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 erforderliche axiale Beweglichkeit der Rückmeldespindel 32 relativ zu der Rotorwelle 47 des Axialkolbenmotors 13 kann, wie nicht eigens dargestellt, dadurch realisiert sein, daß die Rückmeldespindel 32 über eine Axialverzahnung, mit der Rotorwelle 47 verdrehfest, jedoch axial beweglich gekoppelt ist.An axial mobility of the feedback spindle 32 relative to the rotor shaft 47 of the axial piston motor 13, which is required for the function of the follow-up control valve 14, can, as not specifically shown, be achieved in that the feedback spindle 32 is rotatably connected to the rotor shaft 47 via an axial toothing, but axially is movably coupled.

Die Weiterführung der in der Figur 1 durch den P-Versorgungsanschluß 18 und den T-Versorgungsanschluß 19 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 repräsentierten, entsprechend zu bezeichnenden Versorgungsanschlüsse des Druckversorgungs-Aggregates zu einer weiteren, am Abtriebsteil 11 der dargestellten Antriebsvorrichtung 10 ansetzbaren Antriebsvorrichtung derselben Art erfolgt über in Richtung der zentralen Längsachse 29 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 gesehen in azimutalem Abstand voneinander verlaufende Längskanäle 119 und 121 der Rotorwelle 47, wobei der eine Längskanal 119, der beim dargestellten, speziellen Ausführungsbeispiel dem P-Versorgungsanschluß 18 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 zugeordnet ist, über einen kurzen Querkanal 122 mit einer äußeren Ringnut 123 des Zapfens 48, in welcher der - hohe - Ausgangsdruck P des Druckversorgungs-Aggregates herrscht, in permanent-kommunizierender Verbindung steht, während der andere, dem T-Versorgungsanschluß 19 des Nachlauf-Regelventils 14 der dargestellten Antriebsvorrichtung 10 zugeordnete Längskanal 121 mit einer an der Rotorwelle 47 vorgesehenen, inneren Ringnut 124 kommuniziert, deren lichter Querschnitt permanent mit demjenigen der radialen Querbohrung 69 des Zapfens 48 überlappt, die über den Längskanal 71 dieses Zapfens und die schräge Bohrung 72 mit dem T-Anschlußstutzen 74 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 in Verbindung steht.The continuation of the supply connections of the pressure supply unit represented in FIG. 1 by the P supply connection 18 and the T supply connection 19 of the follow-up control valve 14 of the drive device 10, to be designated accordingly, to a further drive device which can be attached to the driven part 11 of the drive device 10 shown The same type takes place in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10, as seen in the azimuthal distance from each other, longitudinal channels 119 and 121 of the rotor shaft 47, the one longitudinal channel 119, which is assigned to the P-supply connection 18 of the follow-up control valve 14 in the special exemplary embodiment shown is, via a short transverse channel 122 with an outer annular groove 123 of the pin 48, in which the - high - outlet pressure P of the pressure supply unit prevails, in a permanently communicating manner The connection is established while the other longitudinal channel 121, which is assigned to the T-supply connection 19 of the follow-up control valve 14 of the drive device 10 shown, communicates with an inner annular groove 124 provided on the rotor shaft 47, the clear cross section of which permanently interacts with that of the radial transverse bore 69 of the pin 48 overlaps, which is connected via the longitudinal channel 71 of this pin and the oblique bore 72 with the T-connector 74 of the drive device 10.

Dadurch, daß die, beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel den P-Versorgungsdruck führende Außennut 123 des Zapfens 48 in geringerem axialem Abstand von der Mündungsebene 126 des mit ihr kommunizierendem Längskanals 119 angeordnet ist als die Innennut 124 des Rotors, mit der dessen anderer Längskanal 121 kommuniziert, ist es möglich, diese beiden Längskanäle 119 und 121 in gleichem radialem Abstand von der zentralen Längsachse 29 der Antriebsvorrichtung 10 zu führen und mit minimalen radialen Querschnittsdimensionen des ringzylindrischen Abschnittes 46 der Rotorwelle 47 auszukommen.Characterized in that the outer groove 123 of the pin 48 leading the P supply pressure in the illustrated embodiment is arranged at a smaller axial distance from the orifice plane 126 of the longitudinal channel 119 communicating with it than the inner groove 124 of the rotor, with which the other longitudinal channel 121 communicates it is possible to guide these two longitudinal channels 119 and 121 at the same radial distance from the central longitudinal axis 29 of the drive device 10 and to make do with minimal radial cross-sectional dimensions of the annular cylindrical section 46 of the rotor shaft 47.

Claims (10)

  1. Hydraulic drive device as a rotary or swivel drive for NC or CNC machine tools, feed devices of such machine tools, manipulators or robots having a plurality of rotating or hinged joints, and having the further features:
    A) as a power drive, an axial piston hydraulic motor (13) is provided, in which the drive pistons (42) are supported in an axially symmetrical grouping relative to the central axis (29) of the motor in a pressure-sealed displaceable manner in the rotor (16) of the hydraulic motor;
    B) the pressure medium supply of the hydraulic motor is effected by means of a servo-control valve (14), which operates with electrically controlled position setpoint selection by means of an electric motor (24) controllable by output signals of an electronic control unit and with mechanical position actual-value feedback by means of a spindle-nut system which, for control-appropriate valve operation, effects necessary deflections of a valve operating member (27) of the servo-control valve (14) parallel to the central axis (29) of the spindle-nut system;
    C) the axial-piston motor, the servo-control valve and the electric motor provided for position setpoint selection control are disposed coaxially relative to the common central longitudinal axis (29) marked through the axis of rotation of the electric motor, of the hydraulic motor and the central axis of the spindle-nut system;
    characterized by the following features:
    D) the rotor (16) of the axial piston hydraulic motor is rotatably supported by a circular cylindrical tubular portion (46) of its output shaft (47) on an external lateral surface of an, in turn, hollow tubular axial extension, which forms a bearing journal for the rotor (16), of a housing part (49) receiving the electric motor (17) provided for setpoint selection control;
    E) the servo-control valve is disposed inside the extension, which forms the bearing journal (48) for the rotor (16), of the housing part receiving the electric motor (17);
    F) control channels, through which during operation of the drive device (10) pressure medium is supplied to and discharged again from - viewed in a peripheral direction of the rotor (16) - successively disposed linear cylinders (41) of the rotor alternately via the control connections of the servo-control valve (14), take the form of sector-shaped external grooves (81a to 81f and 82a to 82f) of the journal (48), with which radial transverse channels (87a to 87p) of the rotor (16) leading to the drive chambers (39) of the linear cylinders (41) of the rotor (16) are alternately brought to overlap;
    G) the control connections (21, 22) of the servo-control valve (14) are each connected to one external annular groove (78 or 79) of the housing (31) of the servo-control valve (14), which grooves, viewed in an axial direction, are disposed directly alongside one another in such a way that a centre plane of the intermediate web separating said two grooves coincides with the common centre plane of the sector-shaped control grooves (81a to 81f and 82a to 82f), and
    H) the two annular grooves (78 and 79) are alternately connected via short obliquely extending. transverse bores (84a to 84f and 86a to 86f) to the control grooves (81a to 81f and 82a to 82f).
  2. Drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply connections (18 and 19) of the servo-control valve (14) are connected to transverse bores (76 and 68) of the valve housing (31), which open into transverse channels (77 and 79) of the journal (48) which, viewed in a peripheral direction of the valve housing (31), are disposed in an offset manner and are connected via correspondingly offset longitudinal channels to connecting sleeves disposed on the housing part (49) forming the journal (48), that one of said transverse channels (77 or 69) opens into an internal groove (124) of the tubular cylindrical portion (46), coaxially surrounding the journal (48), of the rotor shaft (47) of the axial piston hydraulic motor (13) and the other transverse channel (69 or 77) opens into an external groove (123) of the journal (48), opening into which groove is a transverse channel (122) of the rotor shaft (47) which is disposed between the internal groove (124) and the output-side end (11) of the rotor shaft (47), and that from the internal groove (124) of the rotor shaft (47) and from the transverse channel (122) thereof a respective supply connection channel (119 or 121) is led to the output-side end (11) of the rotor shaft (47).
  3. Drive device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a pickup system (12) is provided, which produces electrical output signals which are characteristic, in terms of amount and direction of change, of incremental changes of the angular position of the rotor (16) of the axial piston hydraulic motor (13) and from the processing of which the central electronic control unit effects the position setpoint-actual-value comparison.
  4. Drive device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an arresting device (111) is provided, which at a drop in the output pressure of the pressure supply unit automatically effects an arresting of the rotor (16) of the axial piston hydraulic motor (13).
  5. Drive device according to claim 4, characterized in that, as operating elements, spring-loaded plungers (112) are provided, which are urged by a preloaded spring (113) into a position effecting arresting of the rotor (16) and are connected to pistons (117) which in a pressure-sealed movable manner delimit control chambers (119), the pressurization of said control chambers with the output pressure (P) of the pressure supply unit holding the plungers (112) in a detached position effecting release of the rotor (16).
  6. Drive device according to claim 5, characterized in that provided in an axially symmetrical grouping around the central longitudinal axis (29) of the drive device (10) are a plurality of operating elements (112, 113, 117), whose plungers (112) are displaceable parallel to the central'longitudinal axis (29) of the drive device (10) and act upon an axially displaceable brake element.
  7. Drive device according to claim 6, characterized in that the rotor (16) of the axial piston hydraulic motor (13) is supported in an axially displaceable manner and may be urged with a braking surface extending over a peripheral 360° region into frictionally engaged contact with a housing-fixed mating surface.
  8. Drive device according to claim 7, characterized in that the braking surface of the rotor (16) takes the form of a conical peripheral bevel (101) of its drive part (44) receiving the linear cylinders (41), said bevel being disposed on the side of said drive part facing the supporting disk (43), and the housing-fixed mating surface takes the form of a conical bevel (99), complementary to the bevel (101), of a centring ring (92) of the supporting disk (43).
  9. Drive device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the rotor (16), viewed from the drive part (44), carries on the far side of the supporting disk (43) a radial bearing ring (106) for a thrust roller bearing (103), whose rollers (105) may roll on a radially flat, circular mating surface (104) provided on the supporting disk (43).
  10. Drive device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the rotor (16) of the axial piston hydraulic motor (13) is supported by the end portion, forming the output part (11), of its output shaft (47) with the aid of a radial bearing in the form of a needle bearing (97) in a rotatable and axially displaceable manner on the output-side housing part (91, 97) of the housing (50) of the drive device (10).
EP91920993A 1990-05-11 1991-05-08 Hydraulic drive device Expired - Lifetime EP0527967B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4015101A DE4015101A1 (en) 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 HYDRAULIC DRIVE DEVICE
DE4015101 1990-05-11
PCT/EP1991/000859 WO1991018204A1 (en) 1990-05-11 1991-05-08 Hydraulic drive device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0527967A1 EP0527967A1 (en) 1993-02-24
EP0527967B1 true EP0527967B1 (en) 1994-08-17

Family

ID=6406162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91920993A Expired - Lifetime EP0527967B1 (en) 1990-05-11 1991-05-08 Hydraulic drive device

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5379678A (en)
EP (1) EP0527967B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE110140T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4015101A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991018204A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19522768A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-02 Eckehart Schulze Electro-hydraulic control device for a rotary hydraulic motor
DE19650513A1 (en) * 1996-12-05 1998-06-10 Samsung Heavy Ind Hydraulic system for driving an axial piston hydraulic motor

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1426488B2 (en) * 1960-09-03 1976-11-25 Fuji Tsushinki Seizo KiC., Tokio TWO-STAGE HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVE DEVICE
DE1816506A1 (en) * 1967-12-27 1969-08-28 Toyoda Machine Works Ltd Hydraulic servomotor controlled by an electric motor
US3596569A (en) * 1969-06-03 1971-08-03 Cincinnati Milling Machine Co Valve for a closed-loop hydraulic torque amplifier
DE2045736A1 (en) * 1970-09-16 1972-03-23 Hartmann & Laemmle Control device in particular for numerical control
JPS4845597Y1 (en) * 1970-12-26 1973-12-27
DE2130513A1 (en) * 1971-06-19 1972-12-21 Linde Ag Axial piston machine with an inclined disk
US4630528A (en) * 1978-10-25 1986-12-23 Karl Eickmann Fluid motor with arresting and disarresting means
JPS59217004A (en) * 1983-05-20 1984-12-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Fluid servo-actuator
FR2610072B1 (en) * 1987-01-22 1989-05-19 Applic Mach Motrices ELECTROHYDRAULIC SERVOVALVE FOR THE CONTROLLED CONTROL OF A HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR, PARTICULARLY IN AIRCRAFT FLIGHT CONTROL SERVOMECHANISMS
DE3827365A1 (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-04-12 Eckehart Schulze HYDRAULIC AXIAL PISTON ENGINE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0527967A1 (en) 1993-02-24
ATE110140T1 (en) 1994-09-15
WO1991018204A1 (en) 1991-11-28
DE4015101A1 (en) 1991-11-14
DE59102576D1 (en) 1994-09-22
US5379678A (en) 1995-01-10

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