EP0527699B1 - Method and device for cleaning and drying objects, in particular textiles - Google Patents
Method and device for cleaning and drying objects, in particular textiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0527699B1 EP0527699B1 EP92810520A EP92810520A EP0527699B1 EP 0527699 B1 EP0527699 B1 EP 0527699B1 EP 92810520 A EP92810520 A EP 92810520A EP 92810520 A EP92810520 A EP 92810520A EP 0527699 B1 EP0527699 B1 EP 0527699B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- machine
- cleaning
- drum
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000124815 Barbus barbus Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016936 Dendrocalamus strictus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for cleaning and drying items to be treated, in particular textiles with a solvent in a cleaning machine.
- the invention relates to a cleaning machine for material to be treated, for example textiles, for carrying out the method according to claim 1, with a rotatable, motor-driven drum for receiving the material to be treated.
- a cleaning machine for material to be treated for example textiles
- a rotatable, motor-driven drum for receiving the material to be treated.
- chlorinated hydrocarbons are usually used as solvents and cleaning agents.
- solvents work well, are non-flammable and therefore not explosive. It has turned out to be a disadvantage that such solvents in the volatilized state undesirably weaken or destroy the ozone layer located at great heights or are harmful to health. It is therefore desirable to refrain from using such a type of solvent or at least to restrict its use as far as possible. In some cases, official restrictions and bans have already been issued.
- FR-A-321 542 (Barbe) from 1902, petrol or petrol is used as the cleaning liquid.
- the process used here does not offer explosion protection.
- the use of petrol and other non-halogenated or isoparaffinic hydrocarbons in certain saturated steam areas is potentially explosive. Gas-air mixtures are only explosive in a certain saturation range. If the mixture is too lean or too rich, there is no explosion.
- the items of clothing to be cleaned are first treated with hot air in a dedusting device I and then brought into the washing and disinfecting device A. After the usual cleaning process with petrol, steam is let into the machine and afterwards (puis: p. 1, line 42) negative pressure is generated in the machine. Since this Barbe process heats up for the time being and only then creates a negative pressure, a very explosive gas and air mixture forms inside the machine. If a spark arises at this time, for example, when metallic clothing buttons or metal clothes buckles rub against each other or against the metallic drum wall, this is sufficient to cause an explosion with devastating consequences.
- warm air with adjustable temperature is supplied from the heater B to the machine via a valve R. The mixture is then condensed in a condenser F outside the machine.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and a cleaning machine for cleaning and drying items to be treated, in particular textiles for dry cleaning, which is suitable for the use of flammable and thus explosive solvents.
- the solvent concentration after the cleaning process is finished becomes too rich as a result of the generation of the negative pressure for an explosion to take place.
- the cleaning machine according to the invention is characterized in that the housing surrounding the drum has a cambered door at least on one side, in which a fan and heating and cooling units are installed on the inside and means are available for the circulation of the air gas mixture between the perforated drum and the heating and cooling units.
- the lowering of the pressure lowers the boiling point of the solvent, which means that the energy consumption is comparatively low.
- the pressure reduction also enables rapid drying at elevated temperatures with a high recovery rate without the air-solvent mixture getting into the explosion area.
- a lifting cylinder 30 connected to the wedge 32 is rigidly connected to the housing 8 by means of screws 46 via an elongated intermediate piece with a support 48.
- a piston 31 which is fastened to the wedge 32 by means of a thread 36 via a lifting rod 34.
- the wedge 32 cooperates with its inclined surface 36 with a stop 38 of the door 7.
- the wedge angle ⁇ is chosen to be so small that self-locking occurs, ie that the wedge cannot loosen itself if the actuating force of the cylinder should fail due to a fault.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably about 7 °.
- This lifting unit is double-acting in that pressure medium can be supplied through one inlet line 33 for moving the piston 31 in one direction and pressure medium can be supplied through another inlet line 35 for movement in the other direction.
- the print medium is controlled by a central, usually computerized control device.
- Fig. 2 shows the water and solvent cycle.
- the cooling water passes through a water connection 115 via a valve 109 to the cooling unit 5.
- the drainage takes place via the water drainage line 117.
- a further water supply line 116 takes place via a valve 111 to the combined heating-cooling unit 2 instead with an outlet via line 107.
- this unit can be supplied to this unit 2 by a steam connection 118.
- the outflow takes place via line 117.
- a further steam line 119 leads via a valve 106 to a steam space distiller 114.
- the condensate is discharged via line 110.
- the water that flows through the cooling coil 104 of the tank 200 is fed to a water cutter 121 and then to a condenser 103.
- the drainage takes place via the water drainage line 117.
- the cleaning machine is designed to be explosion-proof, so that even in the unlikely event of an explosion inside the housing, no damage will occur or explosive gases will escape into the atmosphere.
- the explosion pressure depends on the respective outlet pressure and - depending on the explosive substance used - is a maximum of 6-8 times the outlet pressure. Since the outlet pressure inside the drum is reduced due to the negative pressure generated, an explosion pressure would also be correspondingly lower.
- a flammable and explosive hydrocarbon liquid preferably an isoparaffin
- is used as the solvent for cleaning the material to be treated for example mixtures of aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in the range of C11-C12 or isoparaffinic hydrocarbons.
- the solvent is then added to drum 1.
- the cleaning process takes place by rotating the drum 1 at normal pressure and normal temperature, that is to say at a temperature substantially below the flash point of the solvent.
- the solvent runs off and spins.
- the liquid solvent enters the vessel 20.
- the evacuation of the drum 1 is started in order to fall below the upper explosion limit at temperatures below the flash point or to reduce the outlet pressure in the event of a hypothetical explosion many times over .
- the heating register 2 is now switched on.
- the fan 3 When the negative pressure has reached a value of preferably about 230 mbar, the fan 3 is switched on. In the drying process now beginning, the remaining air-solvent mixture is circulated and heated in the evacuated drum 1. The fan 3 blows the mixture into the interior of the perforated drum 1 and, after flowing through the ring channel 17, passes behind the heating and cooling units in the form of a circuit back to the fan 3 is, this cooling unit 5 is activated. The return flow of the condensate is monitored and when practically all the solvent has evaporated from the material to be treated 4, the heat supply is interrupted and the heating unit 2 is converted into a cooling element by supplying cooling water. As a result, the remaining solvent vapors condense in a short time.
- the air which still contains a solvent residue, passes from the collecting container 20 into the cooled vacuum pump 24, in which residual solvent condensation takes place.
- the air which is practically free of solvent, leaves the vacuum pump 24 through the outlet opening 26. Thereafter, any solvent drops present are separated in a demister 201.
- the evacuated drum can be dried safely above the flash point.
- the negative pressure lowers the boiling point of the solvent by about 50 °.
- Flammable liquids are known to be explosive only in a certain mixture range. No explosion can take place below and above this - depending on the composition - range.
- the subsequent pressure drop in the drum causes the boiling point of the solvent is reduced by at least 50 ° C and there is a much higher solvent concentration inside the drum than at normal pressure and thus the explosion limit is exceeded.
- this negative pressure means that in the hypothetical case of an explosion, the explosion pressure can only be many times lower than that of normal pressure.
- the system can withstand this pressure due to its design.
- this negative pressure favors the evaporation of the solvent from the material to be treated, since the reduction in pressure and the resulting lowering of the boiling point significantly increase the saturation limit.
- the solvent is removed from the material to be treated much more thoroughly than would be the case at comparable temperatures under normal pressure.
- the heated air-solvent mixture is too rich for an explosion.
- the system is equipped with sensors which monitor temperature, vacuum and thus indirectly the formation of explosive mixture concentrations.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Reinigung und Trocknung von Behandlungsgut, insbesondere Textilien mit einem Lösungsmittel in einer Reinigungsmaschine.The invention relates to a method for cleaning and drying items to be treated, in particular textiles with a solvent in a cleaning machine.
Ferner bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine Reinigungsmaschine für Behandlungsgut, beispielsweise Textilien, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, mit einer drehbaren, motorisch angetriebenen Trommel zur Aufnahme des Behandlungsgutes. Bei Chemisch-Reinigungsanlagen für Textilien od.dgl. wird bei der sog. Trockenreinigung als Lösungs- und Reinigungsmittel üblicherweise chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe verwendet. Solche Lösungsmittel eignen sich gut, sind nicht brennbar und somit auch nicht explosionsgefährlich. Als Nachteil hat sich herausgestellt, dass solche Lösungsmittel im verflüchtigten Zustand die sich in grosser Höhe befindliche Ozonschicht in unerwünschter Weise schwächen oder zerstören bzw. gesundheitsschädigend sind. Es wird deshalb angestrebt von der Verwendung solcher Lösungsmittelart abzusehen oder mindestens ihre Verwendung möglichst einzuschränken. Teilweise sind auch schon behördliche Einschränkungen und Verbote erlassen worden.Furthermore, the invention relates to a cleaning machine for material to be treated, for example textiles, for carrying out the method according to claim 1, with a rotatable, motor-driven drum for receiving the material to be treated. In chemical cleaning systems for textiles or the like. In so-called dry cleaning, chlorinated hydrocarbons are usually used as solvents and cleaning agents. Such solvents work well, are non-flammable and therefore not explosive. It has turned out to be a disadvantage that such solvents in the volatilized state undesirably weaken or destroy the ozone layer located at great heights or are harmful to health. It is therefore desirable to refrain from using such a type of solvent or at least to restrict its use as far as possible. In some cases, official restrictions and bans have already been issued.
Die Umstellung auf andere Lösungsmittel für die wasserlose Kleiderreinigung - also Trockenreinigung - ist indessen schwierig, da vergleichbare Reinigungswirkungen nur unter Verwendung brennbarer und damit explosionsgefährlichen Mitteln erreichbar sind. Konventionelle Trockenreinigungsmaschinen sind hierfür nicht geeignet.The switch to other solvents for waterless clothing cleaning - i.e. dry cleaning - is difficult, however, since comparable cleaning effects can only be achieved using flammable and therefore explosive agents. Conventional dry cleaning machines are not suitable for this.
Gemäss der FR-A-321 542 (Barbe) aus dem Jahre 1902 wird als Reinigungsflüssigkeit Benzin oder Petrol verwendet. Das dabei zur Anwendung gelangende Verfahren bietet keinen Explosionsschutz. Im Gegensatz zu den heute am meisten gebräuchlichen, nicht brennbaren und damit auch nicht explosionsfähigen Reinigungsflüssigkeiten auf der Basis chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe, ist die Verwendung von Benzin und anderen nicht halogenierten oder isoparaffinischen Kohlenwasserstoffen in bestimmten Sättigungsdampfbereichen explosionsgefährlich. Gas-Luftgemische sind nur in einem bestimmten Sättigungsbereich explosionsfähig. Bei einem zu mageren oder bei einem zu fetten Gemisch findet keine Explosion statt.According to FR-A-321 542 (Barbe) from 1902, petrol or petrol is used as the cleaning liquid. The process used here does not offer explosion protection. In contrast to the most common, non-flammable and therefore non-explosive cleaning fluids based on chlorinated hydrocarbons, the use of petrol and other non-halogenated or isoparaffinic hydrocarbons in certain saturated steam areas is potentially explosive. Gas-air mixtures are only explosive in a certain saturation range. If the mixture is too lean or too rich, there is no explosion.
Bei Barbe werden die zu reinigenden Kleidungsstücke vorerst in einem Entstaubungsgerät I mit Heissluft behandelt und hernach in das Wasch- und Desinfektionsgerät A gebracht. Nach dem üblichen Reinigungsprozess mit Benzin wird Dampf in die Maschine eingelassen und hernach (puis: S. 1, Zeile 42) in der Maschine Unterdruck erzeugt. Da bei diesem Barbe-Verfahren vorerst aufgeheizt und erst nachher ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird, bildet sich im Innern der Maschine ein sehr explosionsgefährliches Gas- und Luftgemisch. Wenn zu dieser Zeit ein Funke entsteht, indem sich beispielsweise metallische Kleidungsknöpfe oder metallische Kleiderschnallen aneinander oder an der metallischen Trommelwand reiben, genügt dies um eine Explosion mit verheerenden Folgen zu verursachen. Wenn bei Barbe der gewünschte Unterdruck erreicht ist, wird über ein Ventil R Warmluft mit einstellbarer Temperatur vom Heizgerät B der Maschine zugeführt. Das Gemisch wird dann ausserhalb der Maschine in einem Kondensator F kondensiert.At Barbe, the items of clothing to be cleaned are first treated with hot air in a dedusting device I and then brought into the washing and disinfecting device A. After the usual cleaning process with petrol, steam is let into the machine and afterwards (puis: p. 1, line 42) negative pressure is generated in the machine. Since this Barbe process heats up for the time being and only then creates a negative pressure, a very explosive gas and air mixture forms inside the machine. If a spark arises at this time, for example, when metallic clothing buttons or metal clothes buckles rub against each other or against the metallic drum wall, this is sufficient to cause an explosion with devastating consequences. When the desired negative pressure is reached at Barbe, warm air with adjustable temperature is supplied from the heater B to the machine via a valve R. The mixture is then condensed in a condenser F outside the machine.
Mit der Erfindung soll die Aufgabe gelöst werden, ein Verfahren und eine Reinigungsmaschine zur Reinigung und Trocknung von Behandlungsgut, insbesondere von Textilien für die Trockenreinigung anzugeben, das zur Verwendung von brennbaren und damit explosionsfähigen Lösungsmitteln geeignet ist.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a cleaning machine for cleaning and drying items to be treated, in particular textiles for dry cleaning, which is suitable for the use of flammable and thus explosive solvents.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren mit der diese Aufgabe gelöst wird, ist durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 definiert
Das Barbe-Patent erteilt somit dem Fachmann keine Lehre im Innern der Maschine vor der Beheizung einen Unterdruck zu erzeugen.The inventive method with which this object is achieved is defined by the characterizing features of claim 1
The Barbe patent therefore does not teach the skilled person to generate a vacuum inside the machine before heating .
Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die Lösungsmittelkonzentration nach Beendigung des Reinigungsvorganges als Folge der Erzeugung des Unterdruckes zu fett als dass eine Explosion stattfinden könnte. Diese nicht naheliegende Erkenntnis bewirkt, dass jede Explosionsgefahr ausgeschaltet wird, und anderseits kann der Trocknungsvorgang der Kleidungsstücke stark beschleunigt werden.In the present invention, the solvent concentration after the cleaning process is finished becomes too rich as a result of the generation of the negative pressure for an explosion to take place. This knowledge, which is not obvious, means that any risk of explosion is eliminated and, on the other hand, the drying process of the items of clothing can be greatly accelerated.
Als Folge des Unterdruckes sinkt auch die Siedetemperatur des Lösungsmittels, was mithilft das Rest-Lösungsmittel rasch aus dem Behandlungsgut auszutreiben. Dadurch kann die Zykluszeit pro Charge wesentlich verkürzt werden, was für die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Anlage von Bedeutung ist.As a result of the negative pressure, the boiling point of the solvent also drops, which helps to quickly expel the residual solvent from the material to be treated. This can significantly reduce the cycle time per batch, which is important for the economic efficiency of the system.
Die erfindungsgemässe Reinigungsmaschine ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das die Trommel umgebende Gehäuse mindestens auf der einen Seite eine bombierte Tür aufweist, in welcher auf der Innenseite ein Ventilator sowie Heiz- und Kühlaggregate eingebaut sind und Mittel vorhanden sind für die Zirkulation des Luftgasgemisches zwischen der perforierten Trommel und den Heiz- und Kühlaggregaten. Durch die Druckabsenkung sinkt der Siedepunkt des Lösungsmittels, sodass man mit einem vergleichsweise geringen Energieaufwand auskommt. Die Druckabsenkung ermöglicht zudem eine rasche Trocknung bei erhöhter Temperatur mit hoher Rückgewinnungsrate ohne dass das Luft-Lösungsmittelgemisch dabei in den Explosionsbereich gelangt.The cleaning machine according to the invention is characterized in that the housing surrounding the drum has a cambered door at least on one side, in which a fan and heating and cooling units are installed on the inside and means are available for the circulation of the air gas mixture between the perforated drum and the heating and cooling units. The lowering of the pressure lowers the boiling point of the solvent, which means that the energy consumption is comparatively low. The pressure reduction also enables rapid drying at elevated temperatures with a high recovery rate without the air-solvent mixture getting into the explosion area.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestgellt. Es zeigen:
- Fig.1
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Reinigungsmaschine
- Fig.2
- ein Schema des Wasser- und Lösungsmittel-Kreislaufes
- Fig.3
- einen Schnitt durch die Tür-Verriegelungsvorrichtung
- Fig. 1
- a vertical section through a cleaning machine
- Fig. 2
- a scheme of the water and solvent cycle
- Fig. 3
- a section through the door locking device
Zwischen der Tür 7 und der Stirnseite des Gehäuses 8 befindet sich ein elastischer Dichtungsring 40 gemäss Fig. 3. Zum dichten Anpressen der Tür 7 an die Gehäusestirnseite sind mehrere pneumatisch oder hydraulisch bewegbare Keile 32 am Umfang verteilt angeordnet. Ein mit dem Keil 32 verbundener Hubzylinder 30 ist über ein längliches Zwischenstück mit einer Stütze 48 mittels Schrauben 46 mit dem Gehäuse 8 starr verbunden. Im Innern des Hubzylinders 30 befindet sich ein Kolben 31, der über eine Hubstange 34 mit dem Keil 32 mittels Gewinde 36 befestigt ist. Der Keil 32 wirkt mit seiner Schrägfläche 36 mit einem Anschlag 38 der Tür 7 zusammen. Der Keilwinkel α ist so klein gewählt, dass Selbsthemmung eintritt, d.h. dass sich der Keil nicht von selbst lösen kann, wenn aufgrund einer Störung die Betätigungskraft des Zylinders ausfallen sollte. Der Winkel α beträgt vorzugsweise etwa 7°. Beim Evakuieren der Trommel schieben sich diese Keile automatisch in dem Masse nach, wie die elastische Türdichtung zusammengepresst wird. Dieses Hubaggregat ist doppelwirkend, indem zur Bewegung des Kolbens 31 in der einen Richtung Druckmedium durch eine Einlassleitung 33 und zur Bewegung in der andern Richtung Druckmedium durch eine andere Einlassleitung 35 zugeführt werden kann. Die Steuerung des Druckmediums erfolgt durch eine zentrale, üblicherweise computerisierte Steuereinrichtung.
Aus Fig.2 geht der Wasser- und Lösungsmittel-Kreislauf hervor. Das Kühlwasser gelangt durch einen Wasseranschluss 115 über ein Ventil 109 zum Kühlaggregat 5. Der Abfluss erfolgt über die Wasserabflussleitung 117. Eine weitere Wasserzuleitung 116 findet über ein Ventil 111 zum kombinierten Heiz-Kühlaggregat 2 statt mit Abfluss über die Leitung 107. Zum Heizen dieses Aggregates kann durch einen Dampfanschluss 118 diesem Aggregat 2 Wärme zugeführt werden. Der Abfluss erfolgt über die Leitung 117. Eine weitere Dampfleitung 119 führt über ein Ventil 106 zu einem Dampfraum-Destillator 114. Das Kondensat wird über die Leitung 110 abgeführt.
Das Wasser, welches die Kühlschlange 104 des Tanks 200 durchfliesst wird einem Wasserabschneider 121 und hernach noch einem Kondensator 103 zugeleitet. Der Abfluss erfolgt über die Wasserabflussleitung 117.Between the
Fig. 2 shows the water and solvent cycle. The cooling water passes through a water connection 115 via a
The water that flows through the cooling coil 104 of the
Die Reinigungsmaschine ist explosionssicher ausgeführt, sodass selbst im unwahrscheinlichen Fall einer Explosion im Gehäuseinnern keine Beschädigungen entstehen oder ein Austritt explosionsgefährlicher Gase in die Atmosphäre erfolgt.The cleaning machine is designed to be explosion-proof, so that even in the unlikely event of an explosion inside the housing, no damage will occur or explosive gases will escape into the atmosphere.
Der Explosionsdruck ist abhängig vom jeweiligen Ausgangsdruck und beträgt - je nach dem verwendeten explosionsfähigen Stoff - maximal das 6-8 fache des Ausgangsdruckes. Da der Ausgangsdruck im Trommelinnern infolge des erzeugten Unterdruckes abgesenkt ist, würde auch ein Explosionsdruck entsprechend kleiner.The explosion pressure depends on the respective outlet pressure and - depending on the explosive substance used - is a maximum of 6-8 times the outlet pressure. Since the outlet pressure inside the drum is reduced due to the negative pressure generated, an explosion pressure would also be correspondingly lower.
Das Verfahren wird wie folgt durchgeführt: Als Lösungsmittel für die Reinigung des Behandlungsgutes wird eine brennbare und explosionsfähige Kohlenwasserstoff-Flüssigkeit, vorzugsweise ein Isoparafin verwendet, beispielsweise Gemische aliphatischer und naphtenischer Kohlenwasserstoffe im Bereich C11-C12 oder isoparaffinische Kohlenwasserstoffe. Nach dem Einfüllen des Behandlungsgutes 4 in das Innere der Trommel 1 erfolgt eine Dichtigkeitsprobe des Türverschlusses. Hernach wird das Lösungsmittel der Trommel 1 zugegeben. Der Reinigungsvorgang erfolgt unter Drehung der Trommel 1 bei Normaldruck und Normaltemperatur, also bei einer Temperatur wesentlich unterhalb des Flammpunktes des Lösungsmittels. Nach Beendigung der üblichen Reinigungsphase erfolgt der Ablauf des Lösungsmittels und das Schleudern. Das flüssige Lösungsmittel gelangt in das Gefäss 20. Während des letzten Schleuderganges wird mit der Evakuierung der Trommel 1 begonnen, um die obere Explosions-Grenze bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Flammpunktes zu unterschreiten, bzw. um den Ausgangsdruck bei einer hypothetischen Explosion um ein vielfaches zu verringern. Das Heizregister 2 wird nun zugeschaltet.The process is carried out as follows: A flammable and explosive hydrocarbon liquid, preferably an isoparaffin, is used as the solvent for cleaning the material to be treated, for example mixtures of aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in the range of C11-C12 or isoparaffinic hydrocarbons. After filling the material to be treated 4 into the interior of the drum 1, a leak test of the door lock is carried out. The solvent is then added to drum 1. The cleaning process takes place by rotating the drum 1 at normal pressure and normal temperature, that is to say at a temperature substantially below the flash point of the solvent. After the usual cleaning phase has ended, the solvent runs off and spins. The liquid solvent enters the
Wenn der Unterdruck einen Wert von vorzugsweise etwa 230mbar erreicht hat, wird der Ventilator 3 zugeschaltet. Im nun beginnenden Trocknungsprozess wird in der evakuierten Trommel 1 das restliche Luft-Lösungsmittelgemisch umgewälzt und erwärmt. Dabei wird durch den Ventilator 3 das Gemisch in das Innere der perforierten Trommel 1 eingeblasen und gelangt nach dem Durchströmen des Ringkanales 17 hinter die Heiz- und Kühlaggregate in Form eines Kreislaufes wieder zum Ventilator 3. Nachdem ein grosser Teil des Lösungsmittels aus dem Behandlungsgut 4 verdampft ist, wird dieses Kühlaggregat 5 in Funktion gesetzt. Der Rücklauf des Kondensates wird überwacht und wenn praktisch alles Lösungsmittel aus dem Behandlungsgut 4 verdampft ist, wird die Wärmezufuhr unterbrochen und das Heizaggregat 2 durch Zufuhr von Kühlwasser in ein Kühlorgan umfunktioniert. Dadurch kondensieren die restlichen Lösungsmitteldämpfe in kurzer Zeit. Vom Auffangsbehälter 20 gelangt die noch einen Lösungsmittelrest enthaltende Luft in die gekühlte Vakuumpumpe 24, in der eine Lösungsmittel-Restkondensation stattfindet. Die von Lösungsmittel praktisch freie Luft verlässt die Vakuumpumpe 24 durch die Auslassöffnung 26. Danach werden evtl. vorhandene Lösemitteltropfen in einem Demister 201 abgeschieden.When the negative pressure has reached a value of preferably about 230 mbar, the
In der evakuierten Trommel kann gefahrlos oberhalb des Flammpunktes getrocknet werden. Zudem senkt der Unterdruck die Siedetemperatur des Lösungsmittels um etwa 50° ab.The evacuated drum can be dried safely above the flash point. In addition, the negative pressure lowers the boiling point of the solvent by about 50 °.
Bekanntlich sind brennbare Flüssigkeiten nur in einem bestimmten Gemisch-Bereich explosionsfähig. Unterhalb und oberhalb dieses - je nach Zusammensetzung variablen - Bereiches kann keine Explosion stattfinden. Die nachfolgende Druckabsenkung in der Trommel bewirkt, dass die Siedetemperatur des Lösungsmittels um mindestens 50°C abgesenkt wird und im Trommelinnern eine weitaus höhere Lösungsmittelkonzentration herrscht als bei Normaldruck und somit den Explosions-Grenzwert überschritten wird. Zudem bewirkt dieser Unterdruck, dass im hypothetischen Falle einer Explosion lediglich ein um ein vielfaches geringerer Explosionsdruck entstehen kann als bei Normaldruck. Diesen Druck kann die Anlage aufgrund ihrer Konstruktion aushalten. Dieser Unterdruck begünstigt beim Trocknungsprozess das Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels aus dem Behandlungsgut, da durch die Druckverminderung und die dadurch bewirkte Siedepunkterniedrigung die Sättigungsgrenze wesentlich erhöht wird. Dies hat zur Folge, dass das Lösungsmittel wesentlich gründlicher aus dem Behandlungsgut entfernt wird, als dies bei vergleichbaren Temperaturen bei Normaldruck der Fall wäre. Während der Druckabsenkung ist somit das erwärmte Luft-Lösungsmittelgemisch für eine Explosion zu fett.Flammable liquids are known to be explosive only in a certain mixture range. No explosion can take place below and above this - depending on the composition - range. The subsequent pressure drop in the drum causes the boiling point of the solvent is reduced by at least 50 ° C and there is a much higher solvent concentration inside the drum than at normal pressure and thus the explosion limit is exceeded. In addition, this negative pressure means that in the hypothetical case of an explosion, the explosion pressure can only be many times lower than that of normal pressure. The system can withstand this pressure due to its design. During the drying process, this negative pressure favors the evaporation of the solvent from the material to be treated, since the reduction in pressure and the resulting lowering of the boiling point significantly increase the saturation limit. As a result, the solvent is removed from the material to be treated much more thoroughly than would be the case at comparable temperatures under normal pressure. During the pressure drop, the heated air-solvent mixture is too rich for an explosion.
Die Anlage ist mit Sensoren versehen, welche Temperatur, Unterdruck und somit indirekt das Entstehen explosionsgefährlicher Gemischkonzentration überwachen.The system is equipped with sensors which monitor temperature, vacuum and thus indirectly the formation of explosive mixture concentrations.
Claims (10)
- Method for cleaning and drying articles, in particular textiles, with a solvent in a cleaning machine, the machine being loaded with the articles (4) and the loading door (7) being closed, an inflammable and explosive solvent being introduced at normal pressure and normal temperature into the inside of the machine, the cleaning process being carried out and then the liquid solvent being discharged, heating and evacuation of the interior of the machine being carried out for the vaporisation of the residual solvent from the articles, followed by cooling and condensation of the air/solvent mixture and after termination of the drying process ventilation of the inside of the machine at normal pressure and unloading of the machine taking place, characterised in that the evacuation of the interior of the machine takes place before the heating of the air/solvent mixture in the machine, when evaporating the residual solvent from the articles whilst maintaining the reduced pressure, a solvent content is maintained which is excessively rich for an explosion and after this, in the cooling period, the air/solvent mixture in the machine being cooled to a temperature below the ignition point, before the interior of the machine is restored to normal pressure.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that a non-halogenated hydrocarbon, in particular mixtures of napthenic and aliphatic hydrocarbons or isoparaffinic hydrocarbons are used as the solvent.
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that during the reduced pressure phase, the air/solvent mixture in the inside of the machine is heated to a temperature above the ignition point of the solvent.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that in the reduced pressure phase, an absolute pressure of 500 mbars maximum, preferably of approximately 230 mbars is produced and that the condensation of the air/solvent mixture takes place in the cooling phase at least partly outside the machine.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that before the introduction of the solvent into the machine, a leakage test is carried out at reduced pressure.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that such a reduced pressure is produced that the boiling point of the solvent is lowered by at least 40°C, preferably by approximately 50°C.
- Cleaning machine for articles, for example textiles, for carrying out the method according to Claim 1, with a rotary drum (1), driven by a motor, for receiving the articles (4), characterised in that at least on one side, the housing (8) surrounding the drum (1) has a curved door (7), in which a fan (3) as well as heating and cooling units (2, 5) are fitted on the inside and means (16, 17, 19) are provided for the circulation of the air/gas mixture between the perforated drum (1) and the heating and cooling units (2, 5).
- Cleaning machine according to Claim 7, characterised in that the fan (3) is located in the centre of the door (7), the drum (1) mounted on one side and perforated on its surface contains a feed opening, which is located opposite the fan (3), an annular chamber (17) is present between the outer side of the drum (1) and the housing (8) surrounding the latter and the heating and cooling units (2, 5) are each constructed as coiled pipes, between which there is a throughflow connection (19) to the rear side of the fan (3), which connection communicates with the annular chamber (17).
- Cleaning machine according to Claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the housing (8) is constructed to be explosion-proof.
- Cleaning machine according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterised in that inserted between the housing (8) and the door (7) is a resilient sealing ring (40) and the door (7) cooperates with a plurality of pneumatically or hydraulically actuated wedges (32), the wedge angle (α) being chosen to be so small that automatic locking occurs.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2346/91 | 1991-08-08 | ||
CH234691 | 1991-08-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0527699A1 EP0527699A1 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
EP0527699B1 true EP0527699B1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
Family
ID=4231653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92810520A Expired - Lifetime EP0527699B1 (en) | 1991-08-08 | 1992-07-08 | Method and device for cleaning and drying objects, in particular textiles |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5301379A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0527699B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59201588D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2071474T3 (en) |
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IT1273259B (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1997-07-07 | Enrico Serafini | METHOD FOR DRYING IN VACUUM AND NON-INERT ATMOSPHERE OF PRODUCTS IN GENERAL WASHED WITH THE USE OF FLAMMABLE SOLVENTS AND THE RELEVANT PLANT ABLE TO IMPLEMENT THIS METHOD |
IT1269091B (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1997-03-21 | Renzacci Spa | METHOD FOR DRY CLEANING OF LINEN WITH UNHALOGENATED HYDROCARBON SOLVENT |
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US5669401A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-09-23 | Mansur Industries Inc. | General washer apparatus |
US5724750A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1998-03-10 | Burress; Vergel F. | Clothes dryer with Peltier effect heating, infrared heating, and vacuum drying capabilities |
US5802884A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-09-08 | Cavalli; Giuseppe | Machine for washing and degreasing with solvents or for drying textile products or the like |
US5806204A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-09-15 | Mmats, Inc. | Material dryer using vacuum drying and vapor condensation |
US6063135A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-05-16 | Greenearth Cleaning Llc | Dry cleaning method and solvent/detergent mixture |
US6086635A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-07-11 | Greenearth Cleaning, Llc | System and method for extracting water in a dry cleaning process involving a siloxane solvent |
US6042618A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-03-28 | Greenearth Cleaning Llc | Dry cleaning method and solvent |
US5942007A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-08-24 | Greenearth Cleaning, Llp | Dry cleaning method and solvent |
US6042617A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-03-28 | Greenearth Cleaning, Llc | Dry cleaning method and modified solvent |
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US6059845A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-05-09 | Greenearth Cleaning, Llc | Dry cleaning apparatus and method capable of utilizing a siloxane composition as a solvent |
US6098430A (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 2000-08-08 | Micell Technologies, Inc. | Cleaning apparatus |
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US6128830A (en) * | 1999-05-15 | 2000-10-10 | Dean Bettcher | Apparatus and method for drying solid articles |
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DE102007025289B4 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2016-02-11 | Gll Garantie Lederreinigungs- Und Lederbearbeitungs-Gmbh | Leather cleaning device for leather parts, in particular for leather clothing parts and leather cleaning processes |
KR100825253B1 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2008-04-25 | 이진식 | Apparatus for preventing explosion of instrument using organic solvent |
KR101366274B1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2014-02-20 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Laundry Treating Apparatus and Fan assembly |
US9644299B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2017-05-09 | Cleanlogic Llc | Clothes treating apparatus and method |
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CN110872770A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-10 | 美丰工业有限公司 | Dry cleaning machine, dry cleaning system and dry cleaning method |
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DE2147125A1 (en) * | 1971-07-02 | 1973-01-11 | Ama Artigiani Mecc Ass | DRY WASHING MACHINE |
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-
1992
- 1992-07-08 DE DE59201588T patent/DE59201588D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-08 ES ES92810520T patent/ES2071474T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-08 EP EP92810520A patent/EP0527699B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-21 US US07/917,830 patent/US5301379A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-10-28 US US08/144,540 patent/US5357771A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5301379A (en) | 1994-04-12 |
US5357771A (en) | 1994-10-25 |
DE59201588D1 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
EP0527699A1 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
ES2071474T3 (en) | 1995-06-16 |
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