EP0526485B1 - Tridirectional-draught air or water back boiler using a parabolic backplate - Google Patents
Tridirectional-draught air or water back boiler using a parabolic backplate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0526485B1 EP0526485B1 EP91907597A EP91907597A EP0526485B1 EP 0526485 B1 EP0526485 B1 EP 0526485B1 EP 91907597 A EP91907597 A EP 91907597A EP 91907597 A EP91907597 A EP 91907597A EP 0526485 B1 EP0526485 B1 EP 0526485B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- nozzles
- plate
- boiler
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/1804—Reverse-draught fireplaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
- F24B1/188—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas
- F24B1/1885—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas the heat exchange medium being air only
- F24B1/1886—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas the heat exchange medium being air only the heat exchanger comprising only tubular air ducts within the fire
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a boiler built into a chimney according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the object of the present invention consists on the one hand of creating a maximum exchange surface, on the other hand of attracting the flame directly to these exchange surfaces and, finally, of obtaining a cooling of the fumes making the system more efficient. .
- a metal part (3) of specific shape is used as a support and at the bottom of the hearth where it is of convergent shape. Because of this shape, heat strikes the entire height of the wall and its base.
- a nozzle (8) with a diameter of 100 mm used for heating the space (1) and mainly for sweeping.
- an ash removal vacuum is provided under the fuel for the evacuation of the ashes in a sealed drawer (15).
- Ash and smoke pass between the tubes (27). This avoids the ash deposits which shield the heat and would hinder the heat exchange with the plate (3) and, on the other hand, heats the forced air passing through the tubes (27).
- a phenomenon of reverse combustion (5) is created. From experience, the flames descend in (5) to go up towards the conduit (11) of rectangular section (60MMx120MM approximately) which continues it.
- the exchange surface of the conduit (11) is, by its position and its very large dimension.
- the nozzles (11) (6) (7) (8) pass through the hermetic space (1) which they heat thanks to their very large exchange surface.
- This surface is equal to that of the converging part (3).
- the walls of these three nozzles and the wall (3) over its entire surface are in direct contact with the volume of air enclosed in this space.
- the hermetic part (2) being struck square by the fumes coming from the nozzles (6) and (7) and by the natural duct (9), without reaching the same calorific level, is malaré while worn at high temperature.
- two ducts (14) (14a) receive from the fan (13) pulsed air. This air passes through the rectangular tubes (27) of section 50MM x 70MM which are located above the embers before being blown into space (1), then into (2) by the connecting tube (18). Deflectors (31) (32) direct the air to the tubes (27).
- the air is brought to high temperature and will then be distributed in (10) in the different rooms of the house by air outlets which can range from 2 to 9.
- This electric fan will be controlled by a thermoprobe from that the temperature recorded in (1) will be deemed sufficient. It should be noted that in the event of a power failure, static convection will in itself provide a certain air outlet, of course lower, but sufficient to maintain a minimum temperature in the rooms (static ventilation).
- in (20) can be placed a large glazed area which allows a total view of the fire and provides heating of the room by simple radiation.
- This heating is improved by the specific shape of the part (3) similar to a bread oven or a solar oven allowing the thermal rays to be returned to the square and converge towards a low point of the part.
- This glass surface is retractable by a counterweight system (21) actuated by two pulleys (22).
- This system allows simple sweeping by opening this glazed part and the conduit (8). It should be noted that, with a certain loss of heat, the system works perfectly with the window open.
- the combustion air normally arrives in the hearth through the inlets formed around this glazed surface (28) (29) and, through the drawer (15) at (30), especially during ignition.
- the air intake around the glass prevents it from getting dirty.
- the drawer (15) is equipped with a seal which makes it possible, if necessary, to slow down combustion.
- the size and positioning of the parts (3) and (19) and of the nozzles (5) (6) (7) (8) (11) provide cooling of the fumes.
- the theoretical temperature of these is about 200 degrees. This is a safety factor in significantly avoiding chimney fires.
- the enclosures (1) and (2) are made in manufacture as airtight as possible, so as to avoid any passage of smoke in the sheath (14) and thereby in the rooms where the air will be ventilated.
- the sheath (14) and the speakers (1) and (2) are, due to the fan (13), in overpressure when the latter is running. This avoids any passage of smoke from the hearth or the nozzles (11) (6) (7) (8) as well as from the duct (9) when, accidentally, this duct or the enclosures (1) (2) are not strictly hermetic.
- the assembly is placed on a sliding foot (23) in a square tube of 35MMx35MM section supported by plates. This allows a simple positioning of the assembly in the chimneys and an effective height adjustment by rack.
- the assembly is made with bottom and side walls in CORTEN steel susceptible to little expansion and having good fire resistance. It could also be used cast iron and stainless steel.
- water pulsed air will be used in place, which will follow the same path in pipes, using a pump, or by thermo-siphon. This will be sent in traditional radiators.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Duct Arrangements (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet une chaudière encastrable dans une cheminée selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a boiler built into a chimney according to the preamble of
De temps immémorial, les cheminées ont servi à chauffer les pièces. Elles ont toujours présenté un très mauvais rendement en ce sens que la principale source de chaleur se perd avec la fumée par le conduit. La température normale des fumées est de l'ordre de 250 degrés ce qui crée une dépression dans le conduit, accélère le tirage et, par là même, la combustion et donc le volume de combustible utilisé. Il est d'autre part connu que la chaleur radiante est relativement faible et les échanges thermiques dépendent essentiellement de la surface d'échange.From time immemorial, fireplaces were used to heat the rooms. They have always performed very poorly in the sense that the main source of heat is lost with the smoke through the duct. The normal temperature of the fumes is of the order of 250 degrees which creates a vacuum in the duct, accelerates the draft and, thereby, combustion and therefore the volume of fuel used. It is also known that the radiant heat is relatively low and the heat exchanges essentially depend on the exchange surface.
L'art antérieur a permis, en particulier par certains inserts, d'augmenter cette surface d'échange. Par contre, dans la quasi totalité des cas, il n'y avait pas de refroidissement de la fumée donc une déperdition de chaleur importante. D'autre part, la plupart des inserts créent une augmentation considérable du conduit, la température de celui-ci pouvant atteindre 800° ce qui peut occasionner des feux de cheminée.The prior art has made it possible, in particular by certain inserts, to increase this exchange surface. On the other hand, in almost all of the cases, there was no cooling of the smoke, therefore significant heat loss. On the other hand, most of the inserts create a considerable increase in the duct, the temperature of the latter being able to reach 800 ° which can cause chimney fires.
Dans la demande de brevet FR-A-2565329, est décrite une chaudière encastrable dans une cheminée avec une circulation de fumées inversée.In patent application FR-A-2565329, a boiler built into a chimney with reverse smoke circulation is described.
L'objet de la présente invention consiste d'une part à créer une surface d'échange maximale, d'autre part à attirer la flamme directement sur ces surfaces d'échange et, enfin à obtenir un refroidissement des fumées rendant le système plus performant.The object of the present invention consists on the one hand of creating a maximum exchange surface, on the other hand of attracting the flame directly to these exchange surfaces and, finally, of obtaining a cooling of the fumes making the system more efficient. .
L'invention sera mieux comprise grace à la description ci-après, figures 1 à 4.The invention will be better understood from the description below, Figures 1 to 4.
Selon l'invention, on utilise une pièce métallique (3) de forme spécifique en support et en fond du foyer où elle est de forme convergente. Du fait de cette forme, la chaleur frappe toute la hauteur de la paroi ainsi que sa base.According to the invention, a metal part (3) of specific shape is used as a support and at the bottom of the hearth where it is of convergent shape. Because of this shape, heat strikes the entire height of the wall and its base.
Selon l'invention, il est créé en arrière du foyer un espace (1) clos hermétiquement par la pièce métallique (3) et par les tôles (16) en bas, (17) en haut, (24) au fond et (25) (26) sur les côtés.According to the invention, there is created behind the hearth a space (1) hermetically sealed by the metal part (3) and by the sheets (16) at the bottom, (17) at the top, (24) at the bottom and (25 ) (26) on the sides.
Les tuyères obliques (6)(6a)(7)(7a), de diamètre 70 MM environ, attirent la flamme en augmentant la surface d'échange.The oblique nozzles (6) (6a) (7) (7a), of diameter approximately 70 MM, attract the flame by increasing the exchange surface.
Il est à noter qu'une flamme est attirée par un conduit oblique beaucoup plus que par un conduit vertical. Il en est de même du conduit d'échappement normal des fumées (9) et du conduit de ramonage (8). Les fumées viennent chauffer la paroi (19) augmentant encore les surfaces d'échange.It should be noted that a flame is attracted by an oblique conduit much more than by a vertical conduit. The same is true of the normal flue gas exhaust pipe (9) and the sweeping pipe (8). The fumes heat the wall (19) further increasing the exchange surfaces.
Il est prévu une tuyère (8) de diamètre 100MM servant au chauffage de l'espace (1) et principalement au ramonage.There is provided a nozzle (8) with a diameter of 100 mm used for heating the space (1) and mainly for sweeping.
Selon l'invention, est prévu sous le combustible un vide de décendrage permettant l'évacuation des cendres dans un tiroir étanche (15). Les cendres et la fumée passent entre les tubes (27). Ceci évite les dépôts de cendres qui font écran à la chaleur et gêneraient l'échange thermique avec la plaque (3) et, d'autre part, chauffe l'air pulsé passant dans les tubes (27). Entre ces tubes (27) se crée un phénomène de combustion inversée (5). D'expérience, les flammes descendent en (5) pour remonter vers le conduit (11) de section rectangulaire (60MMx120MM environ) qui la continue. La surface d'échange du conduit (11) est, de par sa position et sa dimension très importante.According to the invention, an ash removal vacuum is provided under the fuel for the evacuation of the ashes in a sealed drawer (15). Ash and smoke pass between the tubes (27). This avoids the ash deposits which shield the heat and would hinder the heat exchange with the plate (3) and, on the other hand, heats the forced air passing through the tubes (27). Between these tubes (27) a phenomenon of reverse combustion (5) is created. From experience, the flames descend in (5) to go up towards the conduit (11) of rectangular section (60MMx120MM approximately) which continues it. The exchange surface of the conduit (11) is, by its position and its very large dimension.
Selon l'invention, les tuyères (11) (6) (7)(8) traversent l'espace hermétique (1) qu'elles chauffent grâce à leur très grande surface d'échange. Cette surface est égale à celle totale de la pièce convergente (3). En effet, les parois de ces trois tuyères et la paroi (3) sur toute sa surface sont en contact direct avec le volume d'air enfermé dans cet espace.According to the invention, the nozzles (11) (6) (7) (8) pass through the hermetic space (1) which they heat thanks to their very large exchange surface. This surface is equal to that of the converging part (3). In fact, the walls of these three nozzles and the wall (3) over its entire surface are in direct contact with the volume of air enclosed in this space.
La partie hermétique (2) étant frappée à l'équerre par les fumées sortant des tuyères (6) et (7) et par le conduit naturel (9), sans atteindre le même niveau calorifique, est malaré tout Portée à haute température.The hermetic part (2) being struck square by the fumes coming from the nozzles (6) and (7) and by the natural duct (9), without reaching the same calorific level, is malaré while worn at high temperature.
Selon l'invention, deux gaines (14)(14a) reçoivent du ventilateur (13) de l'air pulsé. Cet air transite dans les tubes rectangulaires (27) de section 50MM x 70MM qui sont situés au dessus de la braise avant d'être pulsé dans l'espace (1), puis en (2) par le tube de liaison (18). Des déflecteurs (31)(32) dirigent l'air vers les tubes (27).According to the invention, two ducts (14) (14a) receive from the fan (13) pulsed air. This air passes through the rectangular tubes (27) of section 50MM x 70MM which are located above the embers before being blown into space (1), then into (2) by the connecting tube (18). Deflectors (31) (32) direct the air to the tubes (27).
De ce fait, l'air est porté à haute température et sera ensuite distribué en (10) dans les différentes pièces de la maison par des sorties d'air qui pourront aller de 2 à 9. Ce ventilateur électrique sera commandé par une thermosonde dès que la température enregistrée en (1) sera jugée suffisante. Il est à noter qu'en cas de panne d'électricité, la convection statique assurera en elle-même une certaine sortie d'air, bien sûr inférieure, mais suffisante pour conserver une température minimale dans les pièces (ventilation statique).Therefore, the air is brought to high temperature and will then be distributed in (10) in the different rooms of the house by air outlets which can range from 2 to 9. This electric fan will be controlled by a thermoprobe from that the temperature recorded in (1) will be deemed sufficient. It should be noted that in the event of a power failure, static convection will in itself provide a certain air outlet, of course lower, but sufficient to maintain a minimum temperature in the rooms (static ventilation).
Selon l'invention, en (20) peut être placée une grande surface vitrée qui permet une vision totale du feu et assure un chauffage de la pièce par simple radiation. Ce chauffage est amélioré par la forme spécifique de la pièce (3) semblable à un four à pain ou à un four solaire permettant que les rayons thermiques soient renvoyés à l'équerre et convergent vers un point bas de la pièce.According to the invention, in (20) can be placed a large glazed area which allows a total view of the fire and provides heating of the room by simple radiation. This heating is improved by the specific shape of the part (3) similar to a bread oven or a solar oven allowing the thermal rays to be returned to the square and converge towards a low point of the part.
Cette surface vitrée est escamotable par un système de contrepoids (21) actionné par deux poulies (22). Ce système permet un ramonage simple par l'ouverture de cette pièce vitrée et le conduit (8). Il est à noter que, avec une certaine déperdition de chaleur, le système fonctionne parfaitement vitre ouverte.This glass surface is retractable by a counterweight system (21) actuated by two pulleys (22). This system allows simple sweeping by opening this glazed part and the conduit (8). It should be noted that, with a certain loss of heat, the system works perfectly with the window open.
Selon l'invention, l'air de combustion arrive normalement dans le foyer par les entrées ménagées autour de cette surface vitrée (28)(29) et, par le tiroir (15) en (30), spécialement lors de l'allumage. L'arrivée d'air autour de la vitre évite l'encrassement de celle-ci.According to the invention, the combustion air normally arrives in the hearth through the inlets formed around this glazed surface (28) (29) and, through the drawer (15) at (30), especially during ignition. The air intake around the glass prevents it from getting dirty.
Le tiroir (15) est équipé d'un joint qui permet, si nécessaire, de ralentir la combustion.The drawer (15) is equipped with a seal which makes it possible, if necessary, to slow down combustion.
La dimension et le positionnement des pièces (3) et (19) et des tuyères (5) (6) (7) (8) (11) assurent un refroidissement des fumées. La température théorique de celles-ci est de 200 degrés environ. Ceci est un facteur de sécurité en évitant de façon importante les feux de cheminée.The size and positioning of the parts (3) and (19) and of the nozzles (5) (6) (7) (8) (11) provide cooling of the fumes. The theoretical temperature of these is about 200 degrees. This is a safety factor in significantly avoiding chimney fires.
D'autre part, la température du conduit de diamètre 200 MM d'échappement étant plus froide, le phénomène de dépression est très largement atténué ce qui crée une combustion moins intense et, par là même, une importante économie de combustible. Il apparaît qu'après vingt minutes de feu vif, on obtient de l'air pulsé à 400 M3/heure plus chaud que la fumée ce qui dénote un rendement maximum.On the other hand, the temperature of the 200 mm diameter exhaust pipe being cooler, the phenomenon of depression is very largely attenuated, which creates less intense combustion and, thereby, significant fuel savings. It appears that after twenty minutes of high heat, one obtains air forced to 400 M 3 / hour hotter than the smoke which indicates a maximum output.
Les enceintes (1) et (2) sont rendues en fabrication aussi hermétiques que possible, de façon à éviter tout passage de fumée dans la gaine (14) et par là-même dans les pièces où l'air sera ventilé.The enclosures (1) and (2) are made in manufacture as airtight as possible, so as to avoid any passage of smoke in the sheath (14) and thereby in the rooms where the air will be ventilated.
La gaine (14) et les enceintes (1) et (2) sont, du fait du ventilateur (13), en surpression lorsque celui-ci est en marche. Ceci évite tout passage de fumée en provenance du foyer ou des tuyères (11) (6) (7) (8) ainsi que du conduit (9) lorsque, accidentellement, cette gaine ou les enceintes (1) (2) ne sont pas rigoureusement hermétiques.The sheath (14) and the speakers (1) and (2) are, due to the fan (13), in overpressure when the latter is running. This avoids any passage of smoke from the hearth or the nozzles (11) (6) (7) (8) as well as from the duct (9) when, accidentally, this duct or the enclosures (1) (2) are not strictly hermetic.
L'ensemble est placé sur un pied coulissant (23) en tube carré de section 35MMx35MM supporté par des platines. Ceci permet un positionnement simple de l'ensemble dans les cheminées et une mise à hauteur efficace par crémaillère.The assembly is placed on a sliding foot (23) in a square tube of 35MMx35MM section supported by plates. This allows a simple positioning of the assembly in the chimneys and an effective height adjustment by rack.
L'ensemble est fabriqué avec des parois de fond et de côté en acier CORTEN susceptible de peu de dilatation et ayant une bonne tenue au feu. Il pourrait être aussi utilisé de la fonte et de l'inox.The assembly is made with bottom and side walls in CORTEN steel susceptible to little expansion and having good fire resistance. It could also be used cast iron and stainless steel.
Dans une autre réalisation, on peut concevoir à la place des tôles (24) (25) et (26) une double tôle latérale dans laquelle passerait l'air pulsé ce qui améliorerait encore la répartition de chaleur. Mais cette réalisation augmenterait considérablement le poids de l'appareil et, aussi, le prix de fabrication de celui-ci.In another embodiment, it is possible to design in place of the sheets (24) (25) and (26) a double side sheet through which the forced air would pass, which would further improve the distribution of heat. But this achievement would considerably increase the weight of the device and, also, the manufacturing price of it.
Dans une autre réalisation, on utilisera en place de l'air pulsé de l'eau qui suivra dans des tuyauteries le même trajet, grâce à une pompe, soit par thermo-siphon. Celle ci sera envoyée dans des radiateurs traditionnels.In another embodiment, water pulsed air will be used in place, which will follow the same path in pipes, using a pump, or by thermo-siphon. This will be sent in traditional radiators.
Claims (3)
- Boiler, fitting into a fire place, incorporating two enclosures (1) and (2), made tight in relation with the furnace and through which water or pulsed air is circulated, in one of which (1) nozzles (6, 6a, 7, 7a, 8, 11) are arranged, through which flue is circulated, and a ash-disposal plate fitted at the base of the furnace, characterized by the following features:the nozzles, except for a vertical nozzle arranged at the rear of the furnace (11), are slanted over their full length thus drawing the flames as from the early ignition stage, the second enclosure (2) being situated on top of the first one from which it is separated by a bottom plate (19) so that it is heated by the flue exhausted from the nozzles (6, 6a, 7, 7a), the upper ends of which lead to the level of the said bottom platethe ash-disposal plate incorporates gaps between the tubes (27) through which the furnace is brought in communication with the vertical nozzle (11), so that reverse combustion is created in pos. (5) at plate level, and directed toward the vertical nozzle (11)The boiler is provided with a plate (3) featuring a convergent shape standing as support and furnace base, into which the lower extremities of the slanted nozzles (6, 6a, 7, 7a, 18) are terminating.
- Fire place boiler, as per patent claim 1, characterized by a fan (13) discharging pulsed air through a duct (14) into enclosures (1) and (2) or provided with a pump discharging water so that pulsed air or water receive, along their path, heat input from the convergent plate (3) and the full set of nozzles.
- Fire place boiler, as per patent claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the furnace is closed by a removable glazed panel.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9003924 | 1990-03-22 | ||
| FR9003924A FR2660052B1 (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1990-03-22 | PULSE AIR CHIMNEY BOILER AND THREE - WAY DRAWING USING A PARABOLIC FIREPLACE ROOM. |
| PCT/FR1991/000219 WO1991014902A1 (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1991-03-19 | Tridirectional-draught air or water back boiler using a parabolic backplate |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0526485A1 EP0526485A1 (en) | 1993-02-10 |
| EP0526485B1 true EP0526485B1 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
Family
ID=9395179
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91907597A Expired - Lifetime EP0526485B1 (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1991-03-19 | Tridirectional-draught air or water back boiler using a parabolic backplate |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0526485B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE145718T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69123349T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2660052B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991014902A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE610285C (en) * | 1933-12-28 | 1935-03-08 | Koppers Gmbh Heinrich | Fireplace |
| FR2472721A1 (en) * | 1979-11-27 | 1981-07-03 | Granifeu Sa | CALORIE RECOVERY DEVICE IN OPEN HOUSE FIREPLACES |
| FR2500589A1 (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1982-08-27 | Theulon Paul | Heat recuperator for domestic fireplace - has back boiler with internal smoke tubes discharging into flue |
| DE8215086U1 (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1983-06-16 | Aeberhard, Hans, 8902 Urdorf | OPEN CHEMINEE WITH FIREPLACE AND A FIREPLACE MOUNTAINING THERE |
| FR2565329A1 (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-12-06 | Muller Anny | Closed hearth, especially chimney/stove equipped with a reverse draught device |
-
1990
- 1990-03-22 FR FR9003924A patent/FR2660052B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-03-19 AT AT91907597T patent/ATE145718T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-19 DE DE69123349T patent/DE69123349T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-19 EP EP91907597A patent/EP0526485B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-19 WO PCT/FR1991/000219 patent/WO1991014902A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2660052A1 (en) | 1991-09-27 |
| ATE145718T1 (en) | 1996-12-15 |
| DE69123349T2 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
| EP0526485A1 (en) | 1993-02-10 |
| FR2660052B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 |
| DE69123349D1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
| WO1991014902A1 (en) | 1991-10-03 |
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