EP0524710A2 - Metallic cutlery - Google Patents

Metallic cutlery Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0524710A2
EP0524710A2 EP92250179A EP92250179A EP0524710A2 EP 0524710 A2 EP0524710 A2 EP 0524710A2 EP 92250179 A EP92250179 A EP 92250179A EP 92250179 A EP92250179 A EP 92250179A EP 0524710 A2 EP0524710 A2 EP 0524710A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutlery
part according
cutlery part
spoon
bowl
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92250179A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0524710B1 (en
EP0524710A3 (en
Inventor
Eike Fritz Dr. Dr.-Ing. Wend
Hans-Friedrich Dr. Dr. Chem. Fehse
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Ritter
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WMF Group GmbH
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WMF Group GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0524710A2 publication Critical patent/EP0524710A2/en
Publication of EP0524710A3 publication Critical patent/EP0524710A3/xx
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Publication of EP0524710B1 publication Critical patent/EP0524710B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G21/00—Table-ware

Definitions

  • the invention relates to one-piece cutlery parts made of metal, in particular tableware, such as knives, forks, spoons.
  • the manufacturing processes for the production of cutlery made of nickel silver, which are silvered, and for cutlery made of chrome-nickel steel are roughly the same.
  • Fork and spoon cutlery are cut in one piece from sheet steel. These pre-cuts, called brandeln, have to be deburred and rolled. The brandeln for the production of spoon cutlery parts must be rolled down to a smaller material thickness in the area of the bowl to be formed later. Afterwards fork and spoon brandies have to be cut to size according to the model. Washing and glowing operations follow before the cutlery parts get their shape and decor through the embossing process.
  • the embossing process creates an inevitable burr on the "high edge" of the cutlery. This burr has to be sanded, only then can the grinding and polishing operations for leveling the surface and for producing the gloss on the surface take place.
  • a The washing process then completes the steps for the manufacture of cutlery items made of chrome-nickel steel. With silver-plated cutlery, silvering follows.
  • the knife booklet is welded together from two half-shells that were previously formed from a sheet metal strip.
  • the blade is fastened in the hollow knife handle part, preferably by welding or cementing. With this type of knife, the handle is made from a surface-finishable chrome-nickel steel.
  • the blade is made of hardened, elastic, stainless steel.
  • a one-piece knife is produced from a hardenable chrome-nickel steel by rolling and / or forging.
  • the forging process cannot achieve the same or similar decors as an embossing process.
  • the forging process is also very complex, especially because the surface has to be polished afterwards. Fine decors cannot be achieved here. These introduced during forging would be ground down again during the grinding operation.
  • Monoblock knives can therefore only be provided with very simple decors.
  • the matching spoons and forks, derived from them, can only be given simple decors.
  • the object of the invention is to provide cutlery parts made of stainless steel, which are manufactured by powder metallurgy, allow a simple and economical production method and, in addition to the usual simple designs, require little or no restrictions with regard to their shape and type of design options.
  • the invention relates to new cutlery items of the type characterized in the characterizing part of claim 1 and having advantageous and / or expedient refinements specified in subclaims 2 to 17.
  • cutlery parts according to the invention are comparatively less technically complex to manufacture, extremely variable in shape and allow - with unchanged good, partly improved usage properties - any new cutlery designs which are advantageous and expedient for increasingly internationalized eating habits. Cutlery parts according to the invention give every possibility for fashionable innovations and progressive designs.
  • Known working methods are, for example, hot forging metal powders or metal powder mixtures filled in sheet metal capsules, isostatic compression, explosion compacting of metal powders or metal powder mixtures and Mold casting or extrusion or injection molding of metal powder mixtures pasted or kneaded with temporary binders and subsequent removal of the binder from the "green body” and sintering of the green body.
  • the metal powders can be introduced into sheet metal capsules designed in accordance with the cutlery parts to be produced, these can be evacuated, the powder mixture mechanically compacted and then sintered in the closed capsules.
  • Special tools are used to compact metal powders, in particular in the form of slender structures such as cutlery items; e.g. can be ensured by spring force, hydraulic and / or pneumatic cylinder, a safe positioning of the die, and it can be controlled the die speed during the upsetting process in relation to the movable punch so that the slim moves the die at a predetermined speed when the upper punch goes down .
  • the metal powder mixture in the sheet metal capsules can also be subjected to a forging and sintering process in special forging machines or compacted by rolling and then removed from the mold.
  • the sheet metal capsule material can be reused.
  • MIM method metal injection molding
  • the so-called MIM method is also advantageous for the production of cutlery parts according to the invention with a complicated shape, for example, for example, a special decorative design of the cutlery handles or the formation of particularly “exotic” cutlery shapes.
  • the metal powder is plasticized Binder or binder mixture is mixed, e.g.
  • the kneading compound or slurry is degassed and brought into a shape corresponding to the cutlery to be manufactured, for example poured into a die or by extrusion or injection molding (so-called PM injection molding) Shaped appropriately trained injection mold, then the binder is removed from the green body, this is sintered and / or compacted and the finished cutlery is obtained.
  • the starting materials for cutlery items according to the invention are commercially available.
  • Metal powders of different types of metal are available on the market in different particle sizes and grain shapes, in particular in spherical and speckled grain shapes with relatively small particle sizes.
  • such metal powders with the small particle sizes up to about 60 ⁇ m are well usable for cutlery items according to the invention.
  • Metal powders with particle sizes up to 20 ⁇ m are especially recommended for the manufacture of cutlery items according to the invention by the injection molding process.
  • the special composition of the starting metal powder for the production of cutlery parts according to the invention depends on the properties specifically desired for the finished cutlery parts. Unlike with conventional sheet metal material, it is possible with metal powder mixtures as the starting material to achieve alloys that cannot be produced in the normal melting process and thus to achieve material properties of the cutlery parts according to the invention that are adapted to the intended uses.
  • the cutlery part properties for cutlery parts according to the invention can be influenced in a comparatively wide range by the composition of the metal powder mixtures used for the production.
  • the metal composition is no longer restricted to alloy phases.
  • Largely variable chemical compositions can be formed by powder metallurgy, and the shape, size and mixing ratio of differently shaped powder particles can influence the properties in the finished cutlery during its manufacture.
  • One-piece cutlery parts according to the invention can have two or more different alloy compositions over their longitudinal extent.
  • One-piece knife-cutlery parts according to the invention are particularly advantageous, the blade parts of which have a higher hardness than their shaft part.
  • cutlery items according to the invention can also have a partially desired porosity and have a decorative coating, at least partially, for example on the handle portion.
  • Cutlery parts according to the invention can have plastic functional and / or decorative elements that cannot be produced by sheet metal technology using industrial manufacturing methods at any point on the cutlery surface. And they can be surface-treated in a manner known per se, for example provided with a detector by painting or enamelling.
  • the surfaces of cutlery items according to the invention can advantageously be partially decorated in accordance with the process described in DE-PS 12 98 384 by the applicant. You can silver in a manner known per se. Cutlery parts according to the invention require a small amount of material in their production because, in contrast to sheet metal production, there is practically no waste in the course of processing.
  • the powder mixture was filled into a spoon-shaped press mold and pressed on both sides by means of a press pressure of approx. 6500 bar.
  • Spoon green body was obtained, which was sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 1300 ° C. for three hours.
  • the density after sintering was 92% of the theoretical density. It was then densified with the original molding pressure and again sintered for two hours at 1300 o C in a hydrogen atmosphere. This gave a sintered metal spoon with a density of 96% of the theoretical density.
  • the sintered metal spoon obtained in this way was degreased with acetone to remove surface contamination, dried at 80 ° C., washed with ammonia water and dried in vacuo at 150 ° C. It was then mechanically finished.
  • the spoon thus obtained had excellent usage properties, was scratch-resistant and corrosion-resistant.
  • a metal powder mixture of the following composition and particle size distribution was used to produce a spoon: 18 parts of ferrochrome Grain size 10 - 30 ⁇ m 6% Cr, 0.2% C, 0.05% Si, balance Fe 9 parts of carbonyl nickel Grain size 0.5 - 10 ⁇ m 73 parts of carbonyl iron Grain size 0.5 - 10 ⁇ m.
  • the melting and homogenization process is controlled by the speed of the screw.
  • the mixing length ie the screw length of the homogenizing extruder, calculated from the powder metal mass feed opening, was 12 D.
  • the homogenized powder-binder melt then went into the cooling extruder, which had a degassing device by means of which the solvent present in the melt was removed.
  • the binder was then heated from the demolded spoon body (green body), which consisted of 63% by volume powder metal and 37% by volume binder and was practically non-porous. For this, the green compact was placed in a continuous furnace with a heating rate of 15 o C / min.
  • the binder-free spoon body was then sintered in a sintering furnace for 10 hours under a pressure of 0.01 mb at 1260 ° C. and then slowly cooled to room temperature.
  • the spoon obtained in this way could be finished with conventional mechanical post-processing and had an excellent appearance and very good usage properties.
  • the contour edge 4 of the bowl 2 forms a curve which has cracks. This curve consists of a total of three individual curves that do not continuously adjoin each other.
  • the bowl 2 has depressions 5 on its front side. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the dimensions of one recess 5a are larger than the other recess 5b. In addition, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 3, the thickness distribution of the bowl is discontinuous.
  • the bowl near the contour edge 4 is thicker than in the recess part running towards the center of the bowl, and in the recess 5a, the material thickness at the contour edge 4 is weaker than in the center of the bowl.
  • the bowl 2, as shown in FIG. 1, also has an engraving 6 on its front, which serves for decorative design, but at the same time also contributes to the identification of the different recesses 5 of the bowl 2.
  • the different thickness of the spoon improves the usability of the spoon. Due to the different, delimited recesses 5a and 5b, it is possible to separate dishes on this spoon, so that dishes in the spoon can be stripped separately from the lips, for example liquids and solids.
  • a three-leaf opening 7 is provided in the spoon 1.
  • This breakthrough is for decorative purposes. However, it can also be used to allow liquid to drain from the spoon 2 in the particular handling position of the spoon.
  • This opening 7 is harmoniously followed on the one hand by the engraving 8 and on the other hand by the curved lines of the stem neck 9.
  • the stem 3 offers an all-round view. It is designed on all sides with merging structured elements. From the stem neck 9, the stem 3 extends in a tapered profile 10 to the handle part 11.
  • the profile 10, as illustrated in FIG. 4 has a shape in its cut surface which is irregularly formed by various curves and undercuts. Both the cross-section and the shape of the profile 10 change over the length of the profile.
  • the handle part 11 increases discontinuously in its cross-section up to the handle end 13.
  • the profile 12 of the handle part 11 results up to the stem end 13, beveled by a cut running at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the stem.
  • oval openings 14 are provided in the grip part 11.
  • the spoon 15 shown in FIG. 5 consists in one piece of a bowl 16 and a handle 17 and, according to the material, of sintered metal made of stainless steel. It was manufactured using powder metallurgy.
  • the bowl 16 is formed on one side with a straight edge 18. With such a spoon according to the invention, dishes, especially liquids, can advantageously be taken from a plate.
  • the material distribution in the cross section of the bowl 16 is discontinuous. The thickness of the bowl is thinner on the straight edge 18 than on the opposite side. With this type of material distribution, the spoon is also suitable for being able to share food more easily.
  • FIG. 6 shows a spoon cutlery part 19 made of stainless sintered steel in one piece and made of a bowl 20 and a handle 21 in a conical bowl shape with roundings on the bowl tip 22.
  • this cup 20 there are approximately straight side edges 23a and 23b on both sides, which bring about the same use effect as previously described in connection with the design according to FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 Further novel creative bowl shapes which could not be produced industrially with conventional spoon cutlery parts are shown in FIGS. 7 to 10.
  • the bowls 24, 26 and 29 shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 have an advantageously thin bowl material, as a result of which very light cutlery items are created.
  • the required stability in use is ensured according to the embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8 by edge reinforcements 25 and 27, so that the cutlery parts according to the invention thus formed are stable in use despite the thin material thickness of the bowl due to the thickened and rounded rim of the bowl.
  • the bowl 26 is designed to be pulled up laterally on one side.
  • the rim of the cup 28 does not run in one plane, which also has an advantageous effect on the properties of use.
  • the light-weight cup 29 made of very thin material shown in FIG. 9 has an unreinforced, but angled cup edge 30 which ensures the required stability in use and is not unpleasant to handle and use.
  • FIG. 10 shows a spoon shape of a cutlery part according to the invention made of sintered metal, which is made in one piece from the bowl 31 and the handle 33, the handle 33 already starting at the side edge 32 of the bowl and / or the bowl 34 increasing in thickness and continuously in its part 34 facing the handle turns into a thickened stem neck.
  • cutlery parts such as a spoon, fork or knife
  • cutlery parts such as a spoon, fork or knife
  • Cutlery items according to the invention which are manufactured by powder metallurgy, can be finished by a polishing operation in such a way that they have the same surface quality as a previously customary cutlery item, which was manufactured and polished from sheet metal material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Table Equipment (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to integral metallic cutlery manufactured by powder metallurgy. The cutlery concerned is primarily that for table use and can be produced in the conventional shape or in a hitherto unusual configuration and the composition of the alloy used for it can be adjusted to match its function since the cutlery is manufactured from sintered metal. The cutlery is manufactured by methods known from powder metallurgy. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einteilige Besteckteile aus Metall, insbesondere Tafelbestecke, wie Messer, Gabel, Löffel.The invention relates to one-piece cutlery parts made of metal, in particular tableware, such as knives, forks, spoons.

Die bisher bekannt gewordenen und auf dem Markt befindlichen hochwertigen Besteckteile aus Stahl oder aus Neusilber, insbesondere aus rostfreiem Chrom-Nickel-Stahl oder Neusilber, müssen durch aufwendige Fertigungsverfahren hergestellt werden. Die Fertigungsverfahren zur Herstellung von Besteckteilen aus Neusilber, die eine Versilberung erhalten, und für Besteckteile aus Chrom-Nickel-Stahl sind in etwa gleich.The high-quality cutlery parts made of steel or nickel silver, in particular made of rust-free chrome-nickel steel or nickel silver, which have become known and are on the market, have to be produced by complex manufacturing processes. The manufacturing processes for the production of cutlery made of nickel silver, which are silvered, and for cutlery made of chrome-nickel steel are roughly the same.

Gabel- und Löffel-Besteckteile werden aus Stahlblechen einstückig ausgeschnitten. Diese Vorschnitte, Brandeln genannt, müssen entgratet und richtgewalzt werden. Die Brandeln zur Herstellung von Löffel-Besteckteilen müssen im Bereich der später zu formenden Laffe auf eine geringere Materialdicke heruntergewalzt werden. Anschließend müssen Gabel- und Löffelbrandeln auf das dem Modell entsprechende Maß formbeschnitten werden. Wasch- und Glühoperationen schließen sich an, bevor dann durch den Prägearbeitsgang die Besteckteile ihre Form und ihr Dekor erhalten.Fork and spoon cutlery are cut in one piece from sheet steel. These pre-cuts, called brandeln, have to be deburred and rolled. The brandeln for the production of spoon cutlery parts must be rolled down to a smaller material thickness in the area of the bowl to be formed later. Afterwards fork and spoon brandies have to be cut to size according to the model. Washing and glowing operations follow before the cutlery parts get their shape and decor through the embossing process.

Durch den Prägevorgang entsteht ein unvermeidlicher Grat an den "Hohen Kante" der Besteckteile. Dieser Grat muß abgeschliffen werden, erst dann können die Schleif- und Polierarbeitsgänge zum Einebnen der Oberfläche und zum Erzeugen des Glanzes auf der Oberfläche erfolgen. Ein Waschvorgang schließt dann die Arbeitsgänge für die Herstellung von Besteckteilen aus Chrom-Nickelstahl ab. Bei versilberten Tafelbestecken schließt sich die Versilberung an.The embossing process creates an inevitable burr on the "high edge" of the cutlery. This burr has to be sanded, only then can the grinding and polishing operations for leveling the surface and for producing the gloss on the surface take place. A The washing process then completes the steps for the manufacture of cutlery items made of chrome-nickel steel. With silver-plated cutlery, silvering follows.

Allein diese Aufzählung zeigt schon, wie aufwendig die Herstellung ist. Die Probleme bei den einzelnen Arbeitsgängen verhindern bei der Besteckherstellung weitgehend eine Mechanisierung, weshalb hochwertige Bestecke in der Herstellung relativ teuer sind. Durch die vielen Arbeitsgänge ergibt sich auch eine lange Durchlaufzeit in der Fertigung.
Um bei Messerbesteckteilen diese in gleicher Weise dekorieren zu können, wie die dazugehörenden Löffel und Gabeln, müssen diese mehrteilig gefertigt werden. Das Messerheft wird aus zwei Halbschalen zusammengeschweißt, die vorher aus einem Blechstreifen umgeformt wurden. In dem hohlen Messerheft-Teil wird die Klinge befestigt, vorzugsweise durch Schweißen oder Einzementieren. Bei dieser Art Messer ist das Heft aus einem gut oberflächenbearbeitbaren Chrom-Nickel-Stahl hergestellt. Die Klinge besteht aber aus einem gehärteten, elastischen, rostfreien Stahl.This list alone shows how complex it is to manufacture. The problems with the individual work steps largely prevent mechanization when producing cutlery, which is why high-quality cutlery is relatively expensive to manufacture. The many work steps also result in a long lead time in production.
In order to be able to decorate cutlery parts in the same way as the associated spoons and forks, they must be made in several parts. The knife booklet is welded together from two half-shells that were previously formed from a sheet metal strip. The blade is fastened in the hollow knife handle part, preferably by welding or cementing. With this type of knife, the handle is made from a surface-finishable chrome-nickel steel. The blade is made of hardened, elastic, stainless steel.

Um dieses aufwendige Herstellverfahren zu umgehen, ist die Herstellung von Monoblockmessern bekannt. Bei diesem Herstellverfahren wird aus einem härtbaren Chrom-Nickel-Stahl durch Walzen und/oder Schmieden ein einstückiges Messer hergestellt.In order to avoid this complex manufacturing process, the manufacture of monoblock knives is known. In this manufacturing process, a one-piece knife is produced from a hardenable chrome-nickel steel by rolling and / or forging.

Die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen, z.B. hinsichtlich mechanischer Festigkeit und Kratzfestigkeit für das Heft und andererseits die Schneidfähigkeit und Elastizität für das Klingenblatt, lassen sich bei der Verwendung einer einzigen Blechqualität aber nicht optimal erfüllen.The different requirements, for example regarding mechanical strength and scratch resistance for the magazine and on the other hand the cutting ability and elasticity for the Blade blade, but can not be optimally fulfilled when using a single sheet quality.

Durch den Schmiede-Arbeitsgang lassen sich nicht die gleichen oder ähnlichen Dekore wie durch einen Präge-Arbeitsgang erreichen. Auch ist der Schmiedearbeitsgang sehr aufwendig, besonders weil die Oberfläche anschließend aufwendig poliert werden muß. Feine Dekore lassen sich hierbei nicht verwirklichen. Diese beim Schmieden eingebracht, würden beim Schleifarbeitsgang wieder abgeschliffen werden. Monoblockmesser können deshalb nur mit ganz einfachen Dekoren versehen werden. Die dazu passenden Löffel und Gabeln können, davon abgeleitet, auch nur einfache Dekore erhalten.The forging process cannot achieve the same or similar decors as an embossing process. The forging process is also very complex, especially because the surface has to be polished afterwards. Fine decors cannot be achieved here. These introduced during forging would be ground down again during the grinding operation. Monoblock knives can therefore only be provided with very simple decors. The matching spoons and forks, derived from them, can only be given simple decors.

Bei der Herstellung von Messern, Gabeln und Löffeln ist man daher von dem Fertigungsverfahren her bei der Auswahl von Formen und Dekoren sehr eingeschränkt.In the manufacture of knives, forks and spoons, the manufacturing process is therefore very limited in the selection of shapes and decors.

Die üblichen Besteckteile zum Aufnehmen und Transportieren von Speisen vom Teller zum Mund haben sich in den letzten Hunderten von Jahren kaum geändert. Dies hängt damit zusammen, daß die Fertigungsverfahren es nicht zuließen, andere Formen kostengünstig herzustellen.The usual cutlery for picking up and transporting food from the plate to the mouth has hardly changed in the last hundreds of years. This is due to the fact that the manufacturing processes did not allow other shapes to be produced inexpensively.

Es besteht aber tatsächlich das Bedürfnis, Besteckteile so auszubilden, daß die Speisen leichter aus dem Teller aufgenommen und sicherer dem Mund zugeführt werden können. Außerdem besteht das Bedürfnis, die Laffe besser als bisher dem Mund anzupassen und die Stiele der Besteckteile so auszuformen, daß sie besser in der Hand liegen.
Darüber hinaus besteht der Wunsch, Bestecke mit reichhaltigen Dekoren und ausgeprägten Gestaltungsformen in industrieller Fertigung herstellen zu können.However, there is actually a need to design cutlery items in such a way that the dishes can be more easily taken from the plate and can be more safely fed to the mouth. There is also a need to adapt the bowl to the mouth better than before and to shape the handles of the cutlery so that they fit better in the hand.
In addition, there is a desire to be able to produce cutlery with rich decors and distinctive designs in industrial production.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, Besteckteile aus rostfreiem Stahl zu schaffen, die pulvermetallurgisch hergestellt sind, eine einfache und wirtschaftliche Fertigungsweise erlauben und neben den üblichen einfachen Gestaltungen keine oder nur geringe Einschränkungen hinsichtlich ihrer Form und Art ihrer gestalterischen Möglichkeiten benötigen.The object of the invention is to provide cutlery parts made of stainless steel, which are manufactured by powder metallurgy, allow a simple and economical production method and, in addition to the usual simple designs, require little or no restrictions with regard to their shape and type of design options.

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind neue Besteckteile der im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 charakterisierten Art und mit in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 17 aufgeführten vorteilhaften und/oder zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltungen.The invention relates to new cutlery items of the type characterized in the characterizing part of claim 1 and having advantageous and / or expedient refinements specified in subclaims 2 to 17.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Besteckteile sind vergleichsweise weniger technisch aufwendig in der Herstellung, extrem formvariabel und erlauben - bei unverändert guten, teils verbesserten Gebrauchseigenschaften - beliebige neue Besteck-Gestaltungen, wie sie für zunehmend internationalisierte Eßgewohnheiten vorteilhaft und zweckmäßig sind. Erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile geben jedwede Möglichkeit für modische Neuerungen und fortschrittliche Gestaltungen.The cutlery parts according to the invention are comparatively less technically complex to manufacture, extremely variable in shape and allow - with unchanged good, partly improved usage properties - any new cutlery designs which are advantageous and expedient for increasingly internationalized eating habits. Cutlery parts according to the invention give every possibility for fashionable innovations and progressive designs.

Für die Fertigung erfindungsgemäßer Besteckteile bedient man sich für andere Zwecke bekannter pulvermetallurgischer Verfahren. Es gibt bekanntlich eine Mehrzahl von Verfahren, um aus Metallpulvern durch Pressen und Sintern den Sintermetallwerkstoff zu gewinnen und pulvermetallurgisch Werkstücke herzustellen. Nach diesen Verfahren lassen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Besteckteile fertigen und formen.Known powder metallurgy processes are used for the manufacture of cutlery parts according to the invention for other purposes. As is known, there are a number of methods for obtaining the sintered metal material from metal powders by pressing and sintering and for producing workpieces using powder metallurgy. The cutlery parts according to the invention can be produced and shaped using these methods.

Bekannte Arbeitsverfahren sind z.B. Warmschmieden von in Blechkapseln eingefüllten Metallpulvern bzw. Metallpulvergemischen, isostatische Verpressung, Explosionskompaktieren von Metallpulvern bzw. Metallpulvergemischen und Formgießen bzw. Strangpressen oder Spritzgießen von mit temporären Bindemitteln angeteigten oder verkneteten Metallpulvergemischen und nachfolgendem Entfernen des Bindemittels aus dem "Grünling" und Versintern des Grünlings.Known working methods are, for example, hot forging metal powders or metal powder mixtures filled in sheet metal capsules, isostatic compression, explosion compacting of metal powders or metal powder mixtures and Mold casting or extrusion or injection molding of metal powder mixtures pasted or kneaded with temporary binders and subsequent removal of the binder from the "green body" and sintering of the green body.

Es können beispielsweise die Metallpulver in entsprechend den herzustellenden Besteckteilen ausgebildete Blechkapseln eingebracht, diese evakuiert, das Pulvergemisch mechanisch kompaktiert und dann in den geschlossenen Kapseln versintert werden. Zum Kompaktieren von Metallpulvern, insbesondere in Form von schlanken Gebilden, wie sie Besteckteile darstellen, dienen spezielle Werkzeuge; z.B. kann mittels Federkraft, hydraulischer und/oder pneumatischem Zylinder eine sichere Positionierung der Matrize gewährleistet werden, und es kann die Matrizengeschwindigkeit während des Stauchvorgangs gegenüber dem beweglichen Stempel derart gesteuert werden, daß bei den schlanken Gebilden die Matrize mit vorgegebener Geschwindigkeit beim Niedergehen des oberen Stempels mitfährt. Man kann auch in speziellen Schmiedemaschinen das Metallpulvergemisch in den Blechkapseln einem Schmiede-Sinterverfahren unterziehen oder durch Walzen verdichten und dann entformen. Das Blechkapsel-Material läßt sich wiederverwenden.For example, the metal powders can be introduced into sheet metal capsules designed in accordance with the cutlery parts to be produced, these can be evacuated, the powder mixture mechanically compacted and then sintered in the closed capsules. Special tools are used to compact metal powders, in particular in the form of slender structures such as cutlery items; e.g. can be ensured by spring force, hydraulic and / or pneumatic cylinder, a safe positioning of the die, and it can be controlled the die speed during the upsetting process in relation to the movable punch so that the slim moves the die at a predetermined speed when the upper punch goes down . The metal powder mixture in the sheet metal capsules can also be subjected to a forging and sintering process in special forging machines or compacted by rolling and then removed from the mold. The sheet metal capsule material can be reused.

Es kann kaltisostatisch oder heißisostatisch (sogenanntes HIP-Verfahren) verpreßt werden.It can be cold isostatically or hot isostatically (so-called HIP process) pressed.

Vorteilhaft für die Fertigung von erfindungsgemäßen Besteckteilen mit komplizierter Formgebung, beispielsweise etwa spezieller dekorativer Gestaltung der Besteckgriffe oder Ausbildung von besonders "exotischen" Besteck-Formen ist auch die sogenannte MIM-Methode (metal injection moulding). Das Metallpulver wird dabei mit einem plastifizierenden Bindemittel bzw. Bindemittelgemisch vermengt, z.B. verknetet oder aufgeschlämmt, die Knetmasse bzw. Aufschlämmung (Schlicker) wird entgast und in eine dem zu fertigenden Besteckteil entsprechende Form gebracht, z.B. in eine Matrize eingegossen oder durch Strangpressen oder Spritzgießen (sogenanntes PM-Spritzgießen) durch ein entsprechend ausgebildetes Spritzgießwerkzeug geformt, anschließen wird das Bindemittel aus dem Grünling entfernt, dieser wird versintert und/oder kompaktiert und das fertige Besteckteil gewonnen.The so-called MIM method (metal injection molding) is also advantageous for the production of cutlery parts according to the invention with a complicated shape, for example, for example, a special decorative design of the cutlery handles or the formation of particularly “exotic” cutlery shapes. The metal powder is plasticized Binder or binder mixture is mixed, e.g. kneaded or slurried, the kneading compound or slurry (slip) is degassed and brought into a shape corresponding to the cutlery to be manufactured, for example poured into a die or by extrusion or injection molding (so-called PM injection molding) Shaped appropriately trained injection mold, then the binder is removed from the green body, this is sintered and / or compacted and the finished cutlery is obtained.

Die Ausgangsmaterialien für erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile sind im Handel erhältlich. Metallpulver verschiedener Metallarten werden in unterschiedlichen Partikelgrößen und Kornformen, insbesondere in kugeliger und spratziger Kornform mit relativ kleinen Partikelgrößen auf dem Markt angeboten. Insbesondere sind solche Metallpulver mit den kleinen Partikelgrößen bis zu etwa 60 µm für erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile gut brauchbar. Metallpulver mit Partikelgrößen bis zu 20 µm sind speziell für die Fertigung erfindungsgemäßer Besteckteile nach dem Spritzgießverfahren zu empfehlen. Die spezielle Zusammensetzung des Ausgangs-Metallpulvers für die Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Besteckteile richtet sich nach den speziell gewünschten Eigenschaften für die fertigen Besteckteile. Anders als mit konventionellem Blechmaterial ist es mit Metallpulvergemischen als Ausgangsmaterial möglich, im normalen Erschmelzprozess nicht zu erzeugende Legierungen zu erzielen und damit für die vorgesehenen Verwendungszwecke angepaßte Werkstoffeigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Besteckteile zu erreichen.The starting materials for cutlery items according to the invention are commercially available. Metal powders of different types of metal are available on the market in different particle sizes and grain shapes, in particular in spherical and speckled grain shapes with relatively small particle sizes. In particular, such metal powders with the small particle sizes up to about 60 μm are well usable for cutlery items according to the invention. Metal powders with particle sizes up to 20 µm are especially recommended for the manufacture of cutlery items according to the invention by the injection molding process. The special composition of the starting metal powder for the production of cutlery parts according to the invention depends on the properties specifically desired for the finished cutlery parts. Unlike with conventional sheet metal material, it is possible with metal powder mixtures as the starting material to achieve alloys that cannot be produced in the normal melting process and thus to achieve material properties of the cutlery parts according to the invention that are adapted to the intended uses.

Die Besteckteil-Eigenschaften lassen sich für erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile durch Zusammensetzung der für die Fertigung eingesetzten Metallpulvergemische in vergleichsweise weiten Bereichen gezielt beeinflussen. Die Metallzusammensetzung ist nicht mehr auf Legierungsphasen beschränkt. Es lassen sich weitgehend variable chemische Zusammensetzungen pulvermetallurgisch bilden, und es läßt sich durch Gestalt und Größe und Mischungsverhältnis unterschiedlich geformter Pulverpartikel Einfluß auf die Eigenschaften im fertigen Besteckteil bei dessen Herstellung gewinnen.
Es können erfindungsgemäße einstückige Besteckteile über ihre Längsausdehnung zwei und mehr unterschiedliche Legierungszusammensetzungen aufweisen. Vorteilhaft sind insbesondere erfindungsgemäße einstückige Messer-Besteckteile, deren Klingenteil eine im Vergleich mit deren Schaftteil höhere Härte aufweisen.The cutlery part properties for cutlery parts according to the invention can be influenced in a comparatively wide range by the composition of the metal powder mixtures used for the production. The metal composition is no longer restricted to alloy phases. Largely variable chemical compositions can be formed by powder metallurgy, and the shape, size and mixing ratio of differently shaped powder particles can influence the properties in the finished cutlery during its manufacture.
One-piece cutlery parts according to the invention can have two or more different alloy compositions over their longitudinal extent. One-piece knife-cutlery parts according to the invention are particularly advantageous, the blade parts of which have a higher hardness than their shaft part.

Es können auch je nach Zusammensetzung der Metallpulver-Ausgangsgemische und je speziell gewählten Herstellungsbedingungen erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile eine teilweise gewünschte Porosität haben und dekorative Beschichtung, mindestens teilweise, z.B. am Griffteil, besitzen. Erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile können an jeder beliebigen Stelle der Besteckteil-Oberfläche blechtechnisch mit industriellen Fertigungsmethoden nicht herstellbare plastische Funktions- und/oder Dekorelemente aufweisen. Und sie können in an sich bekannter Weise oberflächenbehandelt, beispielsweise durch Lackieren oder Emaillieren mit Dektor versehen sein. Man kann die Oberflächen erfindungsgemäßer Besteckteile vorteilhaft partiell gemäß dem in der DE-PS 12 98 384 der Anmelderin beschriebenen Verfahren dekorieren.
Man kann in an sich bekannter Weise versilbern. Erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile benötigen bei ihrer Fertigung einen geringen Materialeinsatz, weil im Gegensatz zur blechtechnischen Fertigung praktisch kein Abfall im Zuge der Bearbeitung anfällt.Depending on the composition of the metal powder starting mixtures and the specific manufacturing conditions chosen, cutlery items according to the invention can also have a partially desired porosity and have a decorative coating, at least partially, for example on the handle portion. Cutlery parts according to the invention can have plastic functional and / or decorative elements that cannot be produced by sheet metal technology using industrial manufacturing methods at any point on the cutlery surface. And they can be surface-treated in a manner known per se, for example provided with a detector by painting or enamelling. The surfaces of cutlery items according to the invention can advantageously be partially decorated in accordance with the process described in DE-PS 12 98 384 by the applicant.
You can silver in a manner known per se. Cutlery parts according to the invention require a small amount of material in their production because, in contrast to sheet metal production, there is practically no waste in the course of processing.

Beispiel 1example 1

Ein zerstäubtes vorlegiertes Metallpulver aus rostfreiem Cr-Ni-Stahl der folgenden Zusammensetzung (in Gew.-%) und Korngrößenverteilung wurde eingesetzt: C 0,05 Maschenweite <0,150 - >0,075 Cr 17,32 " <0,075 - >0,o45 Ni 9,2 " <0,045 Fe Rest " <0,045 An atomized pre-alloyed metal powder made of stainless Cr-Ni steel with the following composition (in% by weight) and particle size distribution was used: C. 0.05 Mesh size <0.150 -> 0.075 Cr 17.32 " <0.075 -> 0.045 Ni 9.2 " <0.045 Fe rest " <0.045

Das Pulvergemisch wurde in eine Löffelform-Preßform eingefüllt und mittels eines Preßdrucks von ca. 6500 bar doppelseitig gepreßt. Es wurde Löffel-Grünling erhalten, der in Wasserstoff-Atmosphäre bei einer Sintertemperatur von 1300oC drei Stunden lang gesintert wurde. Die Dichte betrug nach dem Sintern 92% der theoretischen Dichte. Es wurde anschließend mit dem ursprünglichen Preßdruck nachverdichtet und erneut in Wasserstoff-Atmosphäre zwei Stunden lang bei 1300oC gesintert. Dadurch wurde ein Sintermetall-Löffel mit einer Dichte von 96% der theoretischen Dichte gewonnen. Der so erhaltene Sintermetall-Löffel wurde mit Aceton entfettet, um Oberflächenverschmutzungen zu entfernen, bei 80oC getrocknet, mit Ammoniakwasser gewaschen und im Vakuum bei 150oC getrocknet. Anschließend wurde mechanisch endbearbeitet.The powder mixture was filled into a spoon-shaped press mold and pressed on both sides by means of a press pressure of approx. 6500 bar. Spoon green body was obtained, which was sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 1300 ° C. for three hours. The density after sintering was 92% of the theoretical density. It was then densified with the original molding pressure and again sintered for two hours at 1300 o C in a hydrogen atmosphere. This gave a sintered metal spoon with a density of 96% of the theoretical density. The sintered metal spoon obtained in this way was degreased with acetone to remove surface contamination, dried at 80 ° C., washed with ammonia water and dried in vacuo at 150 ° C. It was then mechanically finished.

Der so gewonnene Löffel hatte hervorragende Gebrauchseigenschaften, war kratzfest und korrosionsbeständig.The spoon thus obtained had excellent usage properties, was scratch-resistant and corrosion-resistant.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Für die Herstellung eines Löffels wurde ein Metallpulvergemisch der folgenden Zusammensetzung und Korngrößenverteilung verwendet: 18 Teile Ferrochrom Korngröße 10 - 30 µm 6% Cr, 0,2% C, 0,05% Si, Rest Fe 9 Teile Carbonyl-Nickel Korngröße 0,5 - 10 µm 73 Teile Carbonyl-Eisen Korngröße 0,5 - 10 µm. A metal powder mixture of the following composition and particle size distribution was used to produce a spoon: 18 parts of ferrochrome Grain size 10 - 30 µm 6% Cr, 0.2% C, 0.05% Si, balance Fe 9 parts of carbonyl nickel Grain size 0.5 - 10 µm 73 parts of carbonyl iron Grain size 0.5 - 10 µm.

In einer Kugelmühle wurden 2,5 Vol.-% Polyethylenoxid als Dispersionshilfsmittel und 50 Vol.-% Xylol als Suspensionsmittel in das Pulver eingearbeitet. Es wurde eine gut angeteigte, zähflüssige Pulvermetallmasse erhalten. Als Bindemittel wurde Polyethylen in Granularform eingesetzt. Es wurde eine Tandem-Extruderanlage benutzt, wie sie zur Herstellung von Schaumbahnen bekannt ist und z.B. in der Fachzeitschrift "Plastverarbeiter" 32, 1981, Nr. 8, Seite 948, beschrieben ist. Der Homogenisierextruder der Tandemanlage war mit zwei im Abstand von 20 D (Schneckendurchmesser) angeordneten Einspeiseöffnungen ausgebildet. In die erste Einspeiseöffnung wurde kontinuierlich Bindemittelgranulat eingespeist, das in der Schnecke aufgeschmolzen wurde. In die zweite Einspeiseöffnung wurde kontinuierlich Pulvermetallsuspension eingespeist und in die Bindemittelschmelze eingemischt. Der Aufschmelz- und Homogenisiervorgang wird durch die Drehzahl der Schnecke gesteuert. Die Mischlänge, d.h. die Schneckenlänge des Homogenisierextruders, gerechnet ab Pulvermetallmasse-Einspeiseöffnung, betrug 12 D. Danach gelange die homogenisierte Pulver-Bindemittel-Schmelze in den Kühlextruder, der eine Entgasungsvorrichtung aufwies, über die das in der Schmelze vorhandene Lösungsmittel entfernt wurde. Im Schneckenkopf wurde die von Lösungsmittel befreite Formmasse komprimiert und durch die Düse in eine Löffelform extrudiert. Aus dem entformten Löffelkörper (Grünling), der aus 63 Vol-% Pulvermetall und 37 Vol-% Bindemittel bestand und praktisch porenfrei war, wurde anschließend das Bindemittel ausgeheizt. Dazu wurde der Grünling in einem Durchlaufofen mit einer Aufheizrate von 15oC/Min. auf eine Temperatur von 350oC aufgeheizt und 5 Stunden auf dieser Temperatur gehalten. Die entstehenden Abbauprodukte (im wesentlichen Wasser, CO₂ und geringe Mengen an Crackprodukten) wurden durch Diffusion kontinuierlich aus dem Ofenraum entfernt.
Danach wurde der bindemittelfreie Löffelkörper in einem Sinterofen 10 Stunden lang unter einem Druck von 0,01 mb bei 1260oC gesintert und anschließend auf Zimmertemperatur langsam abgekühlt.
Der so gewonnene Löffel konnte mit konventioneller mechanischer Nachbearbeitung fertiggestellt werden und hatte ein hervorragendes Aussehen und sehr gute Gebrauchseigenschaften.2.5% by volume of polyethylene oxide as dispersion aid and 50% by volume of xylene as suspending agent were incorporated into the powder in a ball mill. A well-pasted, viscous powder metal mass was obtained. Polyethylene in granular form was used as the binder. A tandem extruder system was used, as is known for the production of foam sheets and is described, for example, in the trade magazine "Plastverarbeiter" 32, 1981, No. 8, page 948. The homogenizing extruder of the tandem system was designed with two feed openings arranged at a distance of 20 D (screw diameter). Binder granules were continuously fed into the first feed opening and melted in the screw. Powder metal suspension was fed continuously into the second feed opening and mixed into the binder melt. The melting and homogenization process is controlled by the speed of the screw. The mixing length, ie the screw length of the homogenizing extruder, calculated from the powder metal mass feed opening, was 12 D. The homogenized powder-binder melt then went into the cooling extruder, which had a degassing device by means of which the solvent present in the melt was removed. In the snail's head was the solvent freed molding compound compressed and extruded through the nozzle into a spoon shape. The binder was then heated from the demolded spoon body (green body), which consisted of 63% by volume powder metal and 37% by volume binder and was practically non-porous. For this, the green compact was placed in a continuous furnace with a heating rate of 15 o C / min. heated to a temperature of 350 o C and held at this temperature for 5 hours. The resulting degradation products (essentially water, CO₂ and small amounts of cracked products) were continuously removed from the furnace chamber by diffusion.
The binder-free spoon body was then sintered in a sintering furnace for 10 hours under a pressure of 0.01 mb at 1260 ° C. and then slowly cooled to room temperature.
The spoon obtained in this way could be finished with conventional mechanical post-processing and had an excellent appearance and very good usage properties.

In der beigefügten Zeichnung sind erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile beispielsweise veranschaulicht. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform eines Löffel-Besteckteils,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht des Löffel-Besteckteils der Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt nach I-I der Fig. 1,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt nach II-II der Fig. 1,
Fig. 5
eine Draufsicht auf eine andere Ausführungsform eines Löffel-Besteckteils,
Fig. 6
eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Löffel-Besteckteils,
Fig. 7
im Querschnitt eine Laffe-Gestaltung eines Löffel-Besteckteils,
Fig. 8
im Längsschnitt eine andere Laffe-Gestaltung eines Löffel-Besteckteils,
Fig. 9
im Querschnitt eine weitere Laffe-Gestaltung eines Löffel-Besteckteils, und
Fig. 10
im Längsschnitt eine Laffe-Stiel-Gestaltung an einem Löffel-Besteckteil.
Cutlery parts according to the invention are illustrated, for example, in the accompanying drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a plan view of an embodiment of a spoon cutlery part,
Fig. 2
2 shows a side view of the spoon cutlery part of FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
2 shows a section according to II of FIG. 1,
Fig. 4
2 shows a section according to II-II of FIG. 1,
Fig. 5
a plan view of another embodiment of a spoon cutlery part,
Fig. 6
a plan view of a further embodiment of a spoon cutlery part,
Fig. 7
in cross-section a spoon cutlery part,
Fig. 8
in longitudinal section another bowl design of a spoon cutlery part,
Fig. 9
in cross-section another bowl design of a spoon cutlery part, and
Fig. 10
Longitudinal section of a spoon-shaped handle on a piece of cutlery.

In den Figuren 1 bis 4 ist ein erfindungsgemäßer, aus Laffe 2 und Stiel 3 einstückig aus Sintermetall bestehender Löffel 1 aus rostfreiem Stahl illustriert. Der Löffel ist pulvermetallurgisch hergestellt. Die Laffe 2 ist - wie aus den Fig. 1 und 2 ersichtlich - unsymmetrisch zur Längs- und Querachse ausgebildet. Die Umrißkante 4 der Laffe 2 bildet eine Kurve, die Sprünge aufweist. Diese Kurve besteht aus insgesamt drei Einzalkurven, die nicht kontinuierlich aneinander grenzen. Die Laffe 2 weist auf ihrer Vorderseite Vertiefungen 5 auf. Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, ist die eine Vertiefung 5a in ihren Abmessungen größer als die andere Vertiefung 5b. Außerdem ist, wie deutlich in Fig. 3 erkennbar, die Dickenverteilung der Laffe diskontinuierlich. Bei der Vertiefung 5b ist die Laffe in der Nähe der Umrißkante 4 dicker als in dem zur Laffenmitte laufenden Vertiefungsteil, und bei der Vertiefung 5a ist die Materialdicke an der Umrißkante 4 schwächer ausgebildet als in der Mitte der Laffe. Die Laffe 2 weist, wie Fig. 1 zeigt, weiterhin auf ihrer Vorderseite eine Gravur 6 auf, die zur dekorativen Gestaltung dient,aber gleichzeitig auch zur Kennzeichnung der unterschiedlichen Vertiefungen 5 der Laffe 2 beiträgt.
Die unterschiedliche Dicken-Gestaltung der Laffe verbessert die Gebrauchseigenschaften des Löffels. Durch die unterschiedlichen, gegeneinander abgegrenzten Vertiefungen 5a und 5b ist es möglich, Speisen auf diesem Löffel zu separieren, so daß im Löffel aufgenommene Speisen getrennt von den Lippen abgestreift werden können, z.B. etwa Flüssigkeiten und Feststoffe.1 to 4 illustrate an inventive spoon 1 made of sintered metal and consisting of a cup 2 and a stem 3 made of stainless steel. The spoon is made using powder metallurgy. The bowl 2 is - as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 - asymmetrical to the longitudinal and transverse axes. The contour edge 4 of the bowl 2 forms a curve which has cracks. This curve consists of a total of three individual curves that do not continuously adjoin each other. The bowl 2 has depressions 5 on its front side. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the dimensions of one recess 5a are larger than the other recess 5b. In addition, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 3, the thickness distribution of the bowl is discontinuous. In the recess 5b, the bowl near the contour edge 4 is thicker than in the recess part running towards the center of the bowl, and in the recess 5a, the material thickness at the contour edge 4 is weaker than in the center of the bowl. The bowl 2, as shown in FIG. 1, also has an engraving 6 on its front, which serves for decorative design, but at the same time also contributes to the identification of the different recesses 5 of the bowl 2.
The different thickness of the spoon improves the usability of the spoon. Due to the different, delimited recesses 5a and 5b, it is possible to separate dishes on this spoon, so that dishes in the spoon can be stripped separately from the lips, for example liquids and solids.

Im Bereich des Übergangs von Laffe 2 zu Stiel 3 ist ein dreiflügliger Durchbruch 7 in dem Löffel 1 vorgesehen. Dieser Durchbruch dient dekorativen Zwecken. Er kann jedoch auch dazu benutzt werden, in der bestimmten Handhabungslage des Löffels Flüssigkeit von der Laffe 2 ablaufen zu lassen. Diesem Durchbruch 7 schließt sich harmonisch einerseits die Gravur 8 an, andererseits die geschwungenen Linien des Stielhalses 9. Der Stiel 3 bietet eine Rundumansicht. Er ist allseitig mit ineinander übergehenden strukturierten Elementen ausgebildet. Vom Stielhals 9 aus verläuft der Stiel 3 in einem sich verjüngenden Profil 10 bis zum Griffteil 11. Das Profil 10 weist, wie in Fig. 4 veranschaulicht, in seiner Schnittfläche eine Form auf, die unregelmäßig durch verschiedene Kurven und Hinterschnitte gebildet ist. Uber die Länge des Profils andert sich sowohl der Querschnitt als auch die Form des Profils 10. Etwa in der Mitte des Stieles 3 verdickt sich dieser in mehreren Sprüngen zum Griffteil 11. Das Griffteil 11 vergrößert sich in seinem Querschnitt diskontinuierlich bis zu dem Stielende 13. Das Profil 12 des Griffteils 11 ergibt sich bis zum Stielende 13 hin durch einen zur Stiellängsachse unter einem Winkel verlaufenden Schnitt abgeschrägt. Im Griffteil 11 sind, wie in Fig. 2 veranschaulicht, ovale Durchbrüche 14 vorgesehen.In the area of the transition from cup 2 to stem 3, a three-leaf opening 7 is provided in the spoon 1. This breakthrough is for decorative purposes. However, it can also be used to allow liquid to drain from the spoon 2 in the particular handling position of the spoon. This opening 7 is harmoniously followed on the one hand by the engraving 8 and on the other hand by the curved lines of the stem neck 9. The stem 3 offers an all-round view. It is designed on all sides with merging structured elements. From the stem neck 9, the stem 3 extends in a tapered profile 10 to the handle part 11. The profile 10, as illustrated in FIG. 4, has a shape in its cut surface which is irregularly formed by various curves and undercuts. Both the cross-section and the shape of the profile 10 change over the length of the profile. Approximately in the middle of the handle 3, it thickens in several jumps to the handle part 11. The handle part 11 increases discontinuously in its cross-section up to the handle end 13. The profile 12 of the handle part 11 results up to the stem end 13, beveled by a cut running at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the stem. As illustrated in FIG. 2, oval openings 14 are provided in the grip part 11.

Der in Fig. 5 dargestellte Löffel 15 besteht einstückig aus Laffe 16 und Stiel 17 und materialgemäß aus Sintermetall aus rostfreiem Stahl. Er wurde pulvermetallurgisch hergestellt. Die Laffe 16 ist einseitig mit einer geraden Kante 18 ausgebildet. Mit einem derartigen erfindungsgemäßen Löffel lassen sich Speisen, besonders Flüssigkeiten, vorteilhaft aus einem Teller aufnehmen. Die Materialverteilung im Querschnitt der Laffe 16 ist diskontinuierlich. Die Laffenstärke ist an der geraden Kante 18 dünner als an der ihr gegenüberliegenden Seite. Mit dieser Art der Materialverteilung ist der Löffel auch geeignet, Speisen leichter teilen zu können.The spoon 15 shown in FIG. 5 consists in one piece of a bowl 16 and a handle 17 and, according to the material, of sintered metal made of stainless steel. It was manufactured using powder metallurgy. The bowl 16 is formed on one side with a straight edge 18. With such a spoon according to the invention, dishes, especially liquids, can advantageously be taken from a plate. The material distribution in the cross section of the bowl 16 is discontinuous. The thickness of the bowl is thinner on the straight edge 18 than on the opposite side. With this type of material distribution, the spoon is also suitable for being able to share food more easily.

In Fig. 6 ist ein erfindungsgemäß einstückig aus rostfreiem Sinterstahl bestehendes Löffel-Besteckteil 19 aus Laffe 20 und Stiel 21 in konisch verlaufender Laffenform mit Abrundungen an der Laffenspitze 22 dargestellt. Bei dieser Laffe 20 sind beidseits etwa gerade verlaufende Seitenkanten 23a und 23b vorhanden, die den gleichen Gebrauchseffekt bewirken, wie zuvor im Zusammenhang mit der Gestaltung gemäß Figur 5 beschrieben.FIG. 6 shows a spoon cutlery part 19 made of stainless sintered steel in one piece and made of a bowl 20 and a handle 21 in a conical bowl shape with roundings on the bowl tip 22. In this cup 20 there are approximately straight side edges 23a and 23b on both sides, which bring about the same use effect as previously described in connection with the design according to FIG. 5.

Weitere neuartige gestalterische Laffen-Formen, die bei herkömmlichen Löffel-Besteckteilen industriell nicht herstellbar waren, sind in den Figuren 7 bis 10 dargestellt.Further novel creative bowl shapes which could not be produced industrially with conventional spoon cutlery parts are shown in FIGS. 7 to 10.

Die in den Figuren 7, 8 und 9 gezeigten Laffen 24, 26 und 29 weisen ein vorteilhaft dünnes Laffenmaterial auf, wodurch wünschenswert sehr leichte Besteckteile geschaffen sind. Die erforderliche Gebrauchsstabilität wird gemäß den Ausführungsformen der Figuren 7 und 8 durch Randverstärkungen 25 und 27 sichergestellt, so daß die so ausgebildeten erfindungsgemäßen Besteckteile trotz der dünnen Materialstärke der Laffe infolge des verdickten und verrundeten Laffenrandes im Gebrauch stabil sind. Bei der Ausführungsform der Figur 8 ist die Laffe 26 an einer Seite seitlich hochgezogen ausgebildet. Der Laffenrand 28 verläuft nicht in einer Ebene, was sich ebenfalls vorteilhaft auf die Gebrauchseigenschaften auswirkt. Die in Figur 9 dargestellte leichtgewichtige Laffe 29 aus sehr dünnem Material hat einen unverstärkten, jedoch abgewinkelt geformten Laffenrand 30, der die erforderliche Gebrauchsstabilität sichert und bei der Handhabung und Benutzung nicht unangenehm ist.The bowls 24, 26 and 29 shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 have an advantageously thin bowl material, as a result of which very light cutlery items are created. The required stability in use is ensured according to the embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8 by edge reinforcements 25 and 27, so that the cutlery parts according to the invention thus formed are stable in use despite the thin material thickness of the bowl due to the thickened and rounded rim of the bowl. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the bowl 26 is designed to be pulled up laterally on one side. The rim of the cup 28 does not run in one plane, which also has an advantageous effect on the properties of use. The light-weight cup 29 made of very thin material shown in FIG. 9 has an unreinforced, but angled cup edge 30 which ensures the required stability in use and is not unpleasant to handle and use.

In Figur 10 ist eine einstückig aus Laffe 31 und Stiel 33 bestehende Löffel-Form eines erfindungsgemäßen Besteckteils aus Sintermetall gezeigt, wobei der Stiel 33 bereits am seitlichen Laffenrand 32 beginnt und/oder die Laffe in ihrem dem Stiel zugewandten Teil 34 an Dicke zunimmt und kontinuierlich in einen verdickten Stielhals übergeht. Durch diese Maßnahme wird die Biegefestigkeit des Besteckteils an der kritischen Stelle des Stielhalses heraufgesetzt, eine besonders gebrauchsstabile Ausführungsform.FIG. 10 shows a spoon shape of a cutlery part according to the invention made of sintered metal, which is made in one piece from the bowl 31 and the handle 33, the handle 33 already starting at the side edge 32 of the bowl and / or the bowl 34 increasing in thickness and continuously in its part 34 facing the handle turns into a thickened stem neck. Through this Measure increases the bending strength of the cutlery at the critical point of the stem neck, a particularly stable embodiment.

Die in der Zeichnung für Löffel-Besteckteile illustrierten Gestaltungsmerkmale lassen sich selbstverständlich mit erfindunsgemäßen Gabel- und Messer-Besteckteilen vergleichbar verwirklichen.The design features illustrated in the drawing for spoon cutlery parts can of course be realized in a comparable manner to fork and knife cutlery parts according to the invention.

Ebenso ist es möglich und materialmäßig sowie herstellungsmäßig vorteilhaft, Besteckteile, wie Löffel, Gabel oder Messer in herkömmlicher Gestaltung, aber einstückig erfindungsgemäß aus Sintermetall bestehend vorzusehen.It is also possible and advantageous in terms of material and manufacture to provide cutlery parts, such as a spoon, fork or knife, in a conventional design, but consisting in one piece of sintered metal according to the invention.

Erfindungsgemäße Besteckteile, die pulvermetallurgisch hergestellt sind, können durch einen Polierarbeitsgang abschließend so bearbeitet sein, daß sie gleiche Oberflächenbeschaffenheit aufweisen wie ein bisher übliches Besteckteil, welches durch Umformen aus Blechmaterial hergestellt und poliert wurde.Cutlery items according to the invention, which are manufactured by powder metallurgy, can be finished by a polishing operation in such a way that they have the same surface quality as a previously customary cutlery item, which was manufactured and polished from sheet metal material.

Claims (17)

Einteiliges Besteckteil, insbesondere Tafelbesteckteil, aus Metall, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es pulvermetallurgisch hergestellt ist und einstückig aus Sintermetall besteht.One-piece cutlery, in particular flatware, made of metal, characterized in that it is made by powder metallurgy and consists in one piece of sintered metal. Besteckteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es über seine Längsausdehnung aus mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Legierungszusammensetzungen besteht.Cutlery part according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of at least two different alloy compositions over its longitudinal extent. Besteckteil nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der Legierungszusammensetzungen eine im Vergleich höhere Härte aufweist.Cutlery part according to claim 2, characterized in that one of the alloy compositions has a higher hardness in comparison. Besteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der Legierungszusammensetzungen härtbar ist.Cutlery part according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that one of the alloy compositions is hardenable. Besteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mittels Matrizenpressen des Metallpulvers und Sintern hergestellt worden ist.Cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has been produced by means of die pressing of the metal powder and sintering. Besteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mittels kalt- oder heißisostatischem Pressen des Metallpulvers und Sintern hergestellt worden ist.Cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has been produced by cold or hot isostatic pressing of the metal powder and sintering. Besteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es durch Einbringen des Metallpulvers in Formkapseln, Pressen und/oder Walzen und Sintern hergestellt worden ist.Cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has been produced by introducing the metal powder into molded capsules, presses and / or rollers and sintering. Besteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mittels Pulvermetallspritzgießverfahren hergestellt worden ist.Cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has been produced by means of powder metal injection molding. Besteckteil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an jeder beliebigen Stelle der Besteckteil-Oberfläche blechtechnisch mit industriellen Fertigungsmethoden nicht herstellbare plastische Funktions- und/oder Dekorelemente vorhanden sind.Cutlery part according to claim 8, characterized in that at any point on the cutlery part surface there are plastic functional and / or decorative elements that cannot be produced by sheet metal technology using industrial production methods. Besteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es in an sich bekannter Weise mindestens teilweise oberflächenbehandelt und/oder dekoriert ist.Cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is at least partially surface-treated and / or decorated in a manner known per se. Besteckteil nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mindestens teilweise emalliert ist.Cutlery part according to claim 10, characterized in that it is at least partially enamelled. Löffelbesteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Laffe (16) einseitig eine gerade Kante (18) aufweist.Spoon cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the bowl (16) has a straight edge (18) on one side. Löffelbesteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine konisch verlaufende Laffenform (20) mit Abrundungen an der Laffenspitze (22) und beidseits teilweise gerade verlaufenden Seitenkanten (23a und 23b) aufweist.Spoon cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it has a conical tapered shape (20) with rounded portions on the tip of the trough (22) and side edges (23a and 23b) which are partially straight on both sides. Löffelbesteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Laffenrand eine Verstärkung aufweist.Spoon cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the bowl edge has a reinforcement. Löffelbesteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Laffenrand, zumindest auf einer Seite der Laffe, einen hochgezogenen, kurvenförmigen Verlauf aufweist.Spoon cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the rim of the bowl, at least on one side of the bowl, has a curved, curved shape. Löffel- und Gabelbesteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Laffe kontinuierlich in einen verdickten Stielhals übergeht.Spoon and fork cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the thickness of the bowl continuously changes into a thickened stem neck. Löffel- und Gabeibesteckteil nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Laffe, im Querschnitt gesehen, unsymmetrisch ist, von der einen Seite zur anderen Seite hin abnimmt.Spoon and fork cutlery part according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the thickness of the bowl, viewed in cross section, is asymmetrical, decreasing from one side to the other.
EP92250179A 1991-07-23 1992-07-09 Metallic cutlery Expired - Lifetime EP0524710B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4124393 1991-07-23
DE4124393A DE4124393A1 (en) 1991-07-23 1991-07-23 METAL CUTLERY PARTS

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EP0524710A2 true EP0524710A2 (en) 1993-01-27
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AT (1) ATE148318T1 (en)
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DK (1) DK0524710T3 (en)
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EP0609502A1 (en) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-10 Elektro- und Gas-Armaturen-Fabrik GmbH Process for making a metallic workpiece by a sintering method
WO1995019861A1 (en) * 1994-01-19 1995-07-27 Söderfors Powder Aktiebolag Method relating to the manufacturing of a composite metal product
EP0701875A1 (en) * 1994-09-15 1996-03-20 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for preparing metallic articles by injection moulding
WO2000069587A2 (en) * 1999-05-19 2000-11-23 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Low pressure injection molding of flat tableware from metal feedstocks
CN100353199C (en) * 2002-08-10 2007-12-05 艾姆特利英国有限公司 Signal transmitting cable

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009004675A1 (en) 2009-01-12 2010-07-15 Carl Mertens Besteckfabrik Gmbh Method for manufacturing cutlery with pattern, involves cutting out, particularly die cutting of piece from sheet having predetermined sheet thickness
JP2011030729A (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-17 Combi Corp Spoon for ingesting liquid

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0609502A1 (en) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-10 Elektro- und Gas-Armaturen-Fabrik GmbH Process for making a metallic workpiece by a sintering method
WO1995019861A1 (en) * 1994-01-19 1995-07-27 Söderfors Powder Aktiebolag Method relating to the manufacturing of a composite metal product
US5815790A (en) * 1994-01-19 1998-09-29 Soderfors Powder Aktiebolag Method relating to the manufacturing of a composite metal product
EP0701875A1 (en) * 1994-09-15 1996-03-20 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for preparing metallic articles by injection moulding
US5737683A (en) * 1994-09-15 1998-04-07 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing metallic shaped parts by powder injection molding
WO2000069587A2 (en) * 1999-05-19 2000-11-23 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Low pressure injection molding of flat tableware from metal feedstocks
WO2000069587A3 (en) * 1999-05-19 2001-04-05 Allied Signal Inc Low pressure injection molding of flat tableware from metal feedstocks
CN100353199C (en) * 2002-08-10 2007-12-05 艾姆特利英国有限公司 Signal transmitting cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0524710B1 (en) 1997-01-29
JPH05230506A (en) 1993-09-07
DE4124393C2 (en) 1993-05-27
DE59207977D1 (en) 1997-03-13
DE4124393A1 (en) 1993-01-28
GR3023273T3 (en) 1997-07-30
DE9116669U1 (en) 1993-06-17
ATE148318T1 (en) 1997-02-15
DK0524710T3 (en) 1997-07-21
ES2099201T3 (en) 1997-05-16
EP0524710A3 (en) 1994-03-02

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