EP0519359B1 - Textile fabrics for protective garment - Google Patents

Textile fabrics for protective garment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519359B1
EP0519359B1 EP19920110000 EP92110000A EP0519359B1 EP 0519359 B1 EP0519359 B1 EP 0519359B1 EP 19920110000 EP19920110000 EP 19920110000 EP 92110000 A EP92110000 A EP 92110000A EP 0519359 B1 EP0519359 B1 EP 0519359B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
planar structure
yarns
fibers
textile planar
textile
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EP19920110000
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0519359A1 (en
Inventor
Achim Gustav Dr. Fels
Georg Karl Brustmann
Dieter Hans Peter Dr. Schuster
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Akzo Nobel NV
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Akzo Nobel NV
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/442Cut or abrasion resistant yarns or threads
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/911Penetration resistant layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2936Wound or wrapped core or coating [i.e., spiral or helical]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3065Including strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/3073Strand material is core-spun [not sheath-core bicomponent strand]
    • Y10T442/3081Core is synthetic polymeric material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3504Woven fabric layers comprise chemically different strand material
    • Y10T442/3512Three or more fabric layers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3976Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/425Including strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/438Strand material formed of individual filaments having different chemical compositions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/45Knit fabric is characterized by a particular or differential knit pattern other than open knit fabric or a fabric in which the strand denier is specified
    • Y10T442/456Including additional strand inserted within knit fabric
    • Y10T442/463Warp knit insert strand
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/668Separate nonwoven fabric layers comprise chemically different strand or fiber material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/696Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a textile fabric for the production of protective clothing, in particular clothing for stab, cut, splinter and projectile protection.
  • a textile fabric made of wound yarns is known from FR-A 2 628 759.
  • Aramid fibers have proven themselves very well for the use of protective clothing, especially for protection against stab, cut, splinter or projectile injuries.
  • the World Fencing Federation has prescribed the use of fencing vests made of aramid fibers in order to avoid the serious injuries that occur repeatedly when practicing this sport (High Performance Textiles, Volume 8, No. 3, p. 14).
  • Protective clothing made from aramid fibers has proven to be extremely reliable in preventing injuries, particularly in body protection against gunshot and splinter injuries during military, police and disaster operations.
  • Aramid fibers have some disadvantages when used in protective clothing.
  • the yellow inherent color of the aramid fibers has a disruptive effect in many areas of application. It is possible to dye these fibers with restrictions However, it does not always help to cover the intrinsic color of the aramid fibers.
  • the intrinsic color of the aramid fibers is particularly noticeable in articles that have to be produced in white, as there are no known options for bleaching and optically brightening these fibers.
  • protective clothing is usually made from aramide fibers in such a way that the protective fabric made from aramid fibers is covered with an outer material made from fibers which can be easily colored, printed or optically brightened, in order to achieve an aesthetic appearance of the clothing.
  • the protective layer made of aramid fibers is provided with an outer fabric made of a fabric made from polyester-cotton yarns (High Performance Textiles, Volume 8, No. 3, p. 14).
  • This cover layer in the form of an outer fabric over the actual protective layers fulfills further tasks, namely the protection of the aramid fiber against damage by light radiation.
  • the aramid fiber suffers a loss of strength when exposed to intense light.
  • the use of an outer fabric made of, for example, natural fibers increases the comfort of protective clothing.
  • the use of wound yarns for the production of the textile fabrics according to the invention enables a much gentler processing of yarns made of aramid fibers and thus a lower loss of strength compared to the previous method. After all, that too Usability of the protective vests made from the textile fabrics according to the invention is significantly increased.
  • FR-A 2 628 759 describes a fabric that has an elastic yarn in the warp and a sheathed yarn with a core made of a polyamide monofilament in the weft.
  • the sheathing serves to stabilize the structure or to make the warp yarns less displaceable than the weft yarns.
  • the tissue is intended for medical use. The possibility of producing flat structures that are to be used for stitch, cut, splinter and projectile protective clothing using wound yarns is not mentioned here.
  • EP-A 0 310 201 describes the combination of two different types of fibers in one yarn.
  • One of the two types of fibers should have a low coefficient of friction, the other a high coefficient of friction.
  • Fibers based on polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohol, aliphatic polyamides and polyesters are suitable for the former; the latter are preferably elastomer fibers.
  • Most of the types of fibers specified here are completely unsuitable for the production of protective clothing for stab, cut, splinter and projectile protection, since they do not provide any penetration resistance against puncturing or cutting devices or against bullets and splinters. In addition, this document does not teach how such clothing must be designed to ensure the protection sought.
  • the production of wound yarns for further processing to the textile fabrics according to the invention is not intended to be restricted to the DREF 3 process. Any other method with which yarns with the same properties can be achieved is equally suitable for the production of yarns for further processing into the textile fabrics according to the invention.
  • a further disadvantage of yarns which have been produced by the DREF 2 process is noticeable during the further processing into the textile fabrics according to the invention in a layer structure which is poorer than yarns of the DREF 3 process.
  • the core and sheath layers are not as clearly separated in the case of yarns which have been produced by the DREF 2 process as in the case of yarns from the DREF 3 process, that is to say the core and sheath layers run in the case of DREF 2 - Yarns interlock more than with DREF 3 yarns.
  • This disadvantage of the DREF 2 process is particularly noticeable in areas of application where very good protection of the core substance against light radiation is required.
  • the core substance of the yarns that are used for the production of the textile fabrics according to the invention consists of aramid fibers. These fibers, often also referred to as aromatic polyamide fibers, are generally known in the textile industry under brand names such as Twaron. According to the definition by BISFA (Bureau International pour la Standardisation de la Rayonne et de Fibers Synthors) Fiber polymers which have at least 85% amide or imide bonds between two aromatic ring compounds and in which the number of imide bonds is less than the number of amide bonds. They have proven themselves very well, especially when used for clothing that is intended to protect against stab, cut, splinter or projectile injuries.
  • the fibers for the core substance can be used both as filament yarns and as spun yarns. Which of the two forms is chosen depends on the desired yarn properties. In the manufacture of yarns for further processing into protective clothing, filament yarns are preferred as the core substance, since filament yarns can achieve higher strength values than spun fiber yarns.
  • the filament and yarn titer for the core material.
  • the selection of the yarn titer depends on the article to be manufactured. Finer titers are preferred to coarser ones.
  • the filament yarns in the core can be used twisted or untwisted. Untwisted yarns are preferred because the core yarn is rotated anyway when spinning using the DREF 3 process.
  • Spun fibers are used to form the shell substance. This can be natural or chemical fibers or their mixtures.
  • synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide or polyacrylonitrile fibers.
  • synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide or polyacrylonitrile fibers.
  • synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide or polyacrylonitrile fibers.
  • a known mixture that is used very frequently in other articles is e.g. the combination of 50% cotton and 50% polyester staple fibers.
  • wool alone or in a mixture with viscose or synthetic staple fibers, can also be used.
  • the fiber to be used for this is placed in the form of a draw frame with a belt weight of 2-3 g / m of the spinning apparatus.
  • This conveyor belt is produced with the help of machines that are common in the three-cylinder spinning mill.
  • cotton it is advisable to use combed cotton.
  • Fiber blends can be produced using the blending processes customary in spinning technology.
  • the so-called flake mixture is expedient, but it is also possible to mix the conveyor belt, with several stretching passages having to be carried out in the interest of a homogeneous distribution of the mixture partners.
  • Fibers with a staple length of 30-60 mm are particularly suitable for spinning using the DREF 3 process. Such fibers are offered in a variety of forms by man-made fiber manufacturers. When using cotton is it is also possible to use fibers with shorter staple lengths without any problems.
  • wool is used to form the coat, it is processed on the machines of the three-cylinder spinning mill. For wool tapes that are produced on this range of machines, the term short-crest pull has become established. If wool is used in a mixture with a chemical staple fiber, the fiber length of the mixing partner is selected accordingly. Chemical staple fibers with a stack length of 60 mm have proven themselves well in this area.
  • the core made of aramid fibers with a double jacket.
  • An inner jacket made of polyester fibers and an outer jacket made of cotton or viscose staple fiber are particularly suitable for this.
  • This double sheath substance is produced by running a drawstring made of, for example, polyester staple fibers into the spinning unit together with the aramid yarn provided for the core, and forming the outer sheath with cotton or viscose staple fiber in the manner customary in the DREF 3 process.
  • FIG. 1 the production of wound yarns with a double jacket is shown schematically.
  • An aramid filament yarn 2 is drawn off from a bobbin 1 and fed to the spinning apparatus 6.
  • a drawstring 3, which consists for example of polyester staple fibers, is drawn off from a can, not shown, stretched on the drafting device 4 and in front of the pinch rollers 5 with the aramid filament yarn 2 merged.
  • the yarn passes through the spinning apparatus 6, which consists of the perforated drums 7 and 7a. Both drums contain suction inserts, not shown.
  • the fibers of the drawstring 3 lay here as a result of the false twist that arises in the gusset area above the suction drums around the aramid filament yarn 2 and thus form the inner jacket.
  • the stretch belts 8a-8e which consist for example of cotton, are fed from the cans (not shown) to the opening rollers 9 and 9a and dissolved into individual fibers.
  • the number of belts fed to the opening rollers can be varied as desired.
  • the 5 bands mentioned here are only to be understood as an example.
  • the dissolved fibers are sucked in by the perforated drums 7 and 7a and are placed here as an outer jacket around the aramid filament yarn 2 already spun with the fibers from the drawstring 3.
  • the yarn 10 leaving the spinning apparatus is fed to the take-off unit 11.
  • the false twist triggered by the clamping here results in the sheath fibers being fixed. Conversely, these fibers fix the false twist generated on the core yarn. In this way, the yarn 12 wound with a double jacket is produced.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross section of the yarn 12 produced on the apparatus described.
  • an inner jacket 14 which in this example consists of polyester spun fibers and an outer jacket 15, in this example made of cotton, placed.
  • the invention is not limited to the polyester staple fibers mentioned here for the inner jacket and to cotton for the outer jacket.
  • the choice of fiber material for the Both sheath layers are determined by the properties desired for the yarn. If, for example, good light protection of the aramid yarn core is desired, it is expedient to use polyester staple fibers for the inner jacket, since these have good light absorption. Polyester fibers with appropriate additives are particularly suitable. Matted polyester staple fibers have also proven to be very suitable. These usually contain titanium dioxide, which is particularly absorbent in the UV range. In the same way, however, other fibers with similar properties can be used.
  • the main criteria for choosing the fibers to form the outer jacket are comfort and easy dyeing, printing or optically brightening.
  • cotton or viscose staple fibers or their blends are very useful here, but blends of cotton or viscose staple fibers with synthetic staple fibers can also be used here. Even when using viscose staple fibers, matt types that contain spun-in titanium dioxide are preferred.
  • the cladding layer is formed from a fiber dyed in a dark shade.
  • the spun yarns with a core of aramid fibers and a single or double jacket made of fibers that can be easily colored, printed or optically lightened are further processed into textile fabrics.
  • Textile fabrics are to be understood as meaning fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, sewing agents, laid scrims, etc. Which method is used to manufacture textile fabrics from wound yarns depends on a number from various points of view, from which the desired properties of the protective vests to be produced from the textile fabrics are of particular importance. For example, it has proven expedient to provide knitwear such as knitted fabrics or knitted fabrics instead of fabrics if a special elasticity of the vest to be produced from the textile fabrics is required. Threaded fabrics have proven to be particularly inexpensive because of the low manufacturing costs and the gentle processing of yarns made from aramid fibers. However, the latter advantage cannot be given increased importance when using wound yarns.
  • the number of threads to be selected depends on the titer of the thread used and on the type of protective clothing to be manufactured.
  • the yarns are used in a titer range of 200 - 4000 dtex.
  • a yarn titer From about 850 dtex a thread count of 9-12 threads / cm is selected. With a titer of approx. 1300 dtex the thread count is 7-10 / cm and with a titer of approx. 1700 dtex 6-9 / cm. This information refers to fabrics that are made in plain weave.
  • the plain weave has proven to be useful, but other weaves, for which the twill weave and the Panama weave are mentioned, can also be used.
  • the textile fabrics according to the invention can be dyed, printed or optically lightened using the methods customary in textile finishing.
  • the color white is common for fencing vests.
  • the fibers used for the sheath have to be bleached and optically brightened. It is advisable to bleach the sheath fiber before spinning in the flake.
  • Piece bleaching is also possible, however, due to the oxidizing agents almost always used for bleaching, damage to the aramid core must be accepted during piece bleaching.
  • Treatment of the textile fabrics according to the invention with optical brighteners presents no problems.
  • This treatment can, for example, after bleaching the Cotton, in the flake, but also optically brightening the piece goods is possible.
  • the processes suitable for this are known in the textile finishing industry.
  • the choice of a suitable product and the treatment conditions depend on the fibers or fiber mixtures selected for the sheath substance.
  • Clothing for splinter, bullet or cut protection is either dyed or printed.
  • the latter is particularly common in military applications.
  • the processes to be used in the textile finishing industry are also well known for dyeing and printing the textile fabrics according to the invention.
  • the selection of the dyes and the treatment methods depends on the type of fiber or fiber mixture used for the covering of the wound yarns as well as on the desired fastness properties and any other desired properties, such as Camouflage colors for protective clothing in the military area. Dyeing in dark shades is particularly favorable with regard to protecting the aramid core against damage from light radiation.
  • Whether the dyeing is limited to the sheath layer or whether the aramid core yarn is also dyed depends on the desired effect and the yarn construction.
  • Aramid fibers have an inherent yellow color. If a yarn with a simple sheath is used, the yellow color of the core material may shine through in some yarn constructions. In some areas of application, this can be disruptive. In such cases it is possible to dye the aramid core yarn with disperse dyes.
  • the high-temperature process known in the textile finishing industry under the abbreviation HT process, with dyeing temperatures up to 135 ° C in is suitable for this same as the dyeing process with carriers. Both methods are well known in dyeing technology.
  • the textile fabrics according to the invention are processed in one or more layers.
  • single-layer processing there is a particular advantage of the textile fabrics according to the invention, since sewing with an upper and possibly a lower material can be omitted, which, in addition to simpler disposition of the materials to be kept in stock, also has a very cost-effective effect during the assembly process.
  • Fencing vests, which are produced from the textile fabrics according to the invention also show considerable advantages over the conventional fencing vests in terms of wearing comfort, which is particularly true for the single-layer processing of the textile fabrics manufactured according to the invention.
  • a fencing vest made without the use of an outer or lower fabric fits snugly on the athlete's body and thus offers optimal freedom of movement.
  • Protective vests for bullet and splinter protection must be built up in several layers.
  • the conventional way of working is to sew together several layers of fabrics made of aramid fibers. This package of several of these fabrics is placed in a cover made of coated fabric, for example cotton. An upper and lower fabric made of colored or printed cotton is placed over the wrapped package formed in this way and the vest is made up in such a way that the package can be removed for cleaning the outer shell.
  • the textile fabric according to the invention is used for the covering laid around the aramid fiber fabric. Compared to the previously used coated fabrics, this has the essential advantage that the loss of antiballistic effect caused by the coating does not take place here.
  • the textile fabric according to the invention can also be used for the upper and lower fabric. In addition to the simpler disposition option for the materials to be kept in stock, this offers the advantage that, in comparison to the cotton fabric previously used for this purpose, with the textile fabric according to the invention a higher ballistic protective effect of the vests and moreover a better strength can be achieved.
  • Aramid fibers or layers of metal mesh are used in the actual cut protection package.
  • the shell of these packages and the upper and lower fabrics the same applies to protective clothing for bullet and splinter protection.
  • the actual cut protection layers can consist of the textile fabrics according to the invention.
  • the use of the textile fabrics according to the invention for clothing for stab, cut, projectile and splinter protection thus offers considerable advantages with regard to easier disposition in the materials to be used for this purpose, since the storage of the required articles can be significantly reduced.
  • it is possible to achieve significantly better usage properties of the protective clothing by means of a substantially lower loss of strength in the manufacture of the textile fabrics and by the replacement of cotton fabric with less strength by the textile fabrics according to the invention.
  • the wearing comfort is significantly improved compared to the protective clothing previously used.
  • This example describes the use of the textile fabrics according to the invention for the production of fencing vests.
  • a filament yarn made of aramid fibers with a titer of 840 dtex was spun on a DREF 3 spinning apparatus with a double jacket.
  • the inner sheath was covered with a polyester fiber with an optical brightener educated.
  • the polyester fiber had a titer of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 32 mm.
  • the polyester fiber was used as a draw frame and was fed to the spinning system as described in FIG. 1.
  • the outer coat was made of cotton.
  • the cotton was previously bleached with sodium chlorite and optically brightened.
  • the cotton treated in the flake was provided with a finishing agent in order to facilitate the formation of a conveyor belt and the processing on the DREF 3 spinning system.
  • the products to be used for this are known in the textile finishing industry.
  • Spinning gave a yarn consisting of 40% aramid fiber, 30% polyester fiber and 30% cotton.
  • the yarn thus obtained was processed into a woven fabric in twill 1/3 weave.
  • the number of threads in the warp was 13 / cm, in the weft 12 / cm.
  • a basis weight of 510 g / m was achieved.
  • Example 1 was repeated using a viscose staple fiber with a titer of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 40 mm instead of cotton to form the outer jacket.
  • the viscose staple fiber was a bright white type, so that that described in Example 1 Bleaching and optically whitening in the flake was not necessary.
  • the fabric was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. An average value of 830 N was determined when testing the puncture force.
  • Examples 3a and 3b show the influence of the fabric density set by the number of threads in warp and weft or the related basis weight on the penetration force of fabrics for fencing vests.
  • a fabric was made from the yarn described in Example 1 in plain weave with a thread count of 8 / cm in the warp and 7 / cm in the weft. The fabric showed a weight of 320 g / m. The average value of the puncture force was 710 N.
  • a fabric was made from the yarn described in Example 1 in cross twill 2/2 weave with a thread count of 9 / cm in warp and weft. The fabric showed a weight of 380 g / m. The average value of the puncture force was 690 N.
  • This example describes the use of the textile fabrics according to the invention for the production of shatterproof vests.
  • a filament yarn made of aramid fibers with a titer of 840 dtex was spun on a DREF 3 spinning apparatus with a double jacket.
  • the inner jacket was made of a polyester fiber. This had a titer of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 32 mm.
  • the polyester fiber was used as a draw frame and was fed to the spinning system as described in FIG. 1.
  • the outer coat was made of cotton. Cotton was also used as a conveyor belt. According to the description of FIG. 1, it was fed to the DREF 3 spinning system.
  • Spinning gave a yarn consisting of 40% aramid fiber, 30% polyester fiber and 30% cotton.
  • the yarn thus obtained was made into a woven fabric in plain weave.
  • the number of threads in warp and weft was 7 / cm each.
  • the fabric was produced on a rapier weaving machine.
  • the tissue obtained was dyed dark green. Vat dyes were used for the outer layer of cotton and disperse dyes for the inner layer of polyester. By dyeing at 135 ° C, the disperse dyes used also stained the aramid core, the depth of which was, however, significantly lighter than that of the polyester inner jacket.
  • the fabrics produced in this way were further processed into a shatterproof vest, these fabrics for the outer and lining layers instead of conventional cotton fabrics were used.
  • a vest was made that consisted of 14 layers of conventional aramid fabrics, each weighing 190 g / m.
  • the fabrics produced according to the invention with a weight of 283 g / m formed an additional outer or inner layer.
  • This vest was subjected to a shattered fire under the conditions of STANAG 2920.
  • the bombardment was carried out with 1.1 g fragments.
  • a V50 value of 476 m / sec was achieved when the dry package was bombarded. This value means that there is a 50% probability of penetration at this speed.
  • the corresponding value was 456 m / sec.
  • the vest is stored in water in an upright position for one hour before being bombarded and subjected to the bombardment test after a draining time of 3 minutes.
  • the comparison material consisted of a vest which was also made up of 14 layers of aramid fabric, each weighing 190 g / m.
  • the upper and lower fabric consisted of a cotton fabric with a weight of 272 g / m. With this vest, the V50 value was 455 m / sec when bombarded in the dry state and 428 m / sec when bombarded in the wet state.
  • the fabric from Example 4 was used to manufacture a bullet-resistant vest.
  • 20 layers of aramid fabric with a weight of 280 g / m were used.
  • the fabric produced according to the invention formed two additional layers on both the outside and the inside. These layers served on the one hand as a cover for the so-called ballistic package, and on the other hand as an upper and lower fabric.
  • This vest had a total of 24 layers: from the outside in, the vest consisted of the following layers: 2 layers of the fabric according to the invention, 20 layers of aramid fabric, 2 layers of the fabric according to the invention.
  • the test of the vest which was produced on a trial basis, was carried out in comparison to a vest which consisted of 24 layers of aramid fabric with a weight of 280 g / m and a layer of coated polyester fabric on the outside and inside of the ballistic package and as top or Cotton fabric had under fabric. So this vest had a total of 28 layers. From the outside in, the vest consisted of the following layers: outer fabric made of cotton fabric, coated polyester fabric, 24 layers of aramid fabric, coated polyester fabric, lining made of cotton fabric.
  • the bullet test was carried out according to the NIJ standard. In both cases, the projectile used for bombardment did not pass through the protective vest.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein textiles Flächengebilde zur Herstellung von Schutzkleidung, insbesondere von Kleidung für den Stich-, Schnitt-, Splitter- und Geschoßschutz.The invention relates to a textile fabric for the production of protective clothing, in particular clothing for stab, cut, splinter and projectile protection.

Ein textiles Flächengebilde aus umsponnenen Garnen ist aus der FR-A 2 628 759 bekannt.A textile fabric made of wound yarns is known from FR-A 2 628 759.

Für den Einsatz von Schutzkleidung, besonders für den Schutz gegen Stich-, Schnitt-, Splitter- oder Geschoßverletzungen, haben sich Aramidfasern sehr gut bewährt. So hat zum Beispiel der Weltverband der Fechter den Einsatz von Fechtwesten aus Aramidfasern vorgeschrieben, um dadurch die bei der Ausübung dieser Sportart immer wieder auftretenden ernsthaften Verletzungen vermeiden zu können (High Performance Textiles, Band 8, Nr. 3, S. 14). Besonders im Körperschutz gegen Schuß- und Splitterverletzungen bei Militär-, Polizei- und Katastropheneinsätzen hat Schutzkleidung aus Aramidfasern eine sehr hohe Zuverlässigkeit beim Verhindern von Verletzungen ergeben.Aramid fibers have proven themselves very well for the use of protective clothing, especially for protection against stab, cut, splinter or projectile injuries. For example, the World Fencing Federation has prescribed the use of fencing vests made of aramid fibers in order to avoid the serious injuries that occur repeatedly when practicing this sport (High Performance Textiles, Volume 8, No. 3, p. 14). Protective clothing made from aramid fibers has proven to be extremely reliable in preventing injuries, particularly in body protection against gunshot and splinter injuries during military, police and disaster operations.

Aramidfasern zeigen bei deren Verwendung in Schutzkleidung einige Nachteile. So wirkt in vielen Einsatzgebieten die gelbe Eigenfarbe der Aramidfasern störend. Ein Färben dieser Fasern ist mit Einschränkungen zwar möglich, es hilft aber nicht in allen Fällen, die störende Eigenfarbe der Aramidfasern abzudecken.Aramid fibers have some disadvantages when used in protective clothing. The yellow inherent color of the aramid fibers has a disruptive effect in many areas of application. It is possible to dye these fibers with restrictions However, it does not always help to cover the intrinsic color of the aramid fibers.

In besonderem Maße macht sich die Eigenfarbe der Aramidfasern bei Artikeln, die in weiß hergestellt werden müssen, negativ bemerkbar, da bislang keine Möglichkeiten für ein Bleichen und optisches Aufhellen dieser Fasern bekannt sind. Deshalb wird üblicherweise Schutzkleidung aus Aramidfasern in der Weise hergestellt, daß das den Schutz bewirkende Gewebe aus Aramidfasern mit einem Oberstoff aus gut färb-, bedruck- oder optisch aufhellbaren Fasern abgedeckt wird, um so ein ästhetisches Aussehen der Kleidung zu erzielen. Beispielsweise wird bei Fechtwesten die Schutzlage aus Aramidfasern mit einem Oberstoff aus einem Gewebe, das aus Polyester-Baumwolle-Garnen hergestellt wurde, versehen (High Performance Textiles, Band 8, Nr. 3, S. 14).The intrinsic color of the aramid fibers is particularly noticeable in articles that have to be produced in white, as there are no known options for bleaching and optically brightening these fibers. For this reason, protective clothing is usually made from aramide fibers in such a way that the protective fabric made from aramid fibers is covered with an outer material made from fibers which can be easily colored, printed or optically brightened, in order to achieve an aesthetic appearance of the clothing. For example, in fencing vests, the protective layer made of aramid fibers is provided with an outer fabric made of a fabric made from polyester-cotton yarns (High Performance Textiles, Volume 8, No. 3, p. 14).

Diese Abdecklage in Form eines Oberstoffes über den eigentlichen Schutzlagen erfüllt noch weitere Aufgaben, nämlich den Schutz der Aramidfaser gegen eine Schädigung durch Licht-Einstrahlung. Wie alle Polyamidfasern erleidet auch die Aramidfaser bei einer intensiven Belichtung einen Festigkeitsabbau. Außerdem wird durch die Verwendung eines Oberstoffes aus beispielsweise Naturfasern der Tragekomfort von Schutzkleidung erhöht.This cover layer in the form of an outer fabric over the actual protective layers fulfills further tasks, namely the protection of the aramid fiber against damage by light radiation. Like all polyamide fibers, the aramid fiber suffers a loss of strength when exposed to intense light. In addition, the use of an outer fabric made of, for example, natural fibers increases the comfort of protective clothing.

Die Herstellung von Schutzkleidung unter Verwendung von Decklagen bedeutet aber, daß mehrere verschiedene Gewebe für die Decklagen und die eigentlichen Schutzlagen auf Lager gehalten werden müssen und darüberhinaus auch noch innerhalb der Decklagen eine differenzierte Lagerhaltung nötig ist, da nicht dieselben Oberstoffe für beispielsweise Fechtwesten und geschoßhemmende Westen Verwendung finden können. Für Fechtwesten werden weiße Oberstoffe, für geschoßhemmende Westen Oberstoffe in gefärbter oder bedruckter Form verlangt.However, the production of protective clothing using cover layers means that several different fabrics for the cover layers and the actual protective layers have to be kept in stock and, furthermore, differentiated storage is also necessary within the cover layers, since the same outer materials are not used for fencing vests and bullet-resistant vests, for example Find use can. White outer fabrics are required for fencing vests and colored or printed outer fabrics for bullet-resistant vests.

Es bestand deshalb die Aufgabe, für die Produktion von Schutzbekleidung gegen Stich-, Schnitt-, Splitter- und Geschoßverletzungen bei der Herstellung der hierfür einzusetzenden textilen Flächengebilde und vor allem in der Konfektion günstigere Dispositionsvoraussetzungen zu schaffen und so die Herstellung dieser Bekleidung kostengünstiger zu gestalten.It was therefore the task of creating more favorable disposition requirements for the production of protective clothing against puncture, cut, splinter and projectile injuries in the manufacture of the textile fabrics to be used for this purpose, and above all in the manufacture of clothing, and thus to make the manufacture of this clothing more cost-effective.

Überraschend wurde nun gefunden, daß unter Verbesserung oder mindestens Beibehaltung der vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der bisher hergestellten Schutzkleidung eine erhebliche Vereinfachung bei der Herstellung dieser verschiedenen Arten von Schutzkleidung möglich ist, wenn ein umsponnenes Garn zum Einsatz kommt, das aus einem Kern aus Aramidfasern und einem Mantel aus leicht färb-, bedruck- und optisch aufhellbaren Natur- oder Chemiefasern oder deren Mischungen besteht. Durch textile Flächengebilde aus diesen Garnen können die obengenannten Dispositionsprobleme in kostengünstiger Weise erheblich reduziert werden, da die Lagerhaltung auf eine Art von Flächengebilden für verschiedene Einsatzgebiete beschränkt werden kann.Surprisingly, it has now been found that, while improving or at least maintaining the advantageous properties of the protective clothing produced hitherto, a considerable simplification in the production of these different types of protective clothing is possible if a wound yarn is used which consists of a core of aramid fibers and a jacket easily dyeable, printable and optically lightenable natural or chemical fibers or mixtures thereof. The above-mentioned disposition problems can be reduced considerably in a cost-effective manner by means of textile fabrics made from these yarns, since the storage can be restricted to one type of fabric for different areas of application.

Als weiterer Vorteil wird durch die Verwendung von umsponnenen Garnen für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde gegenüber der bisherigen Arbeitsweise eine wesentlich schonendere Verarbeitung von Garnen aus Aramidfasern und damit ein geringerer Festigkeitsverlust möglich. Schließlich wird auch die Gebrauchstüchtigkeit der aus den erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilden angefertigten Schutzwesten wesentlich erhöht.As a further advantage, the use of wound yarns for the production of the textile fabrics according to the invention enables a much gentler processing of yarns made of aramid fibers and thus a lower loss of strength compared to the previous method. After all, that too Usability of the protective vests made from the textile fabrics according to the invention is significantly increased.

Der Einsatz von Garnen mit einem Kern und einem Mantel in textilen Flächengebilden wurde bereits mehrfach vorgeschlagen. So wird in FR-A 2 628 759 ein Gewebe, das in der Kette ein elastisches Garn und im Schuß ein ummanteltes Garn mit einem Kern aus einem Polyamid-Monofil aufweist, beschrieben. Die Ummantelung dient hier der Strukturstabilisierung bzw. der geringen Verschiebbarkeit der Kettgarne gegenüber den Schußgarnen. Das Gewebe ist für den medizinischen Einsatz vorgesehen. Die Möglichkeit der Herstellung von Flächengebilden, die für Stich-, Schnitt-, Splitter- und Geschoßschutzkleidung Verwendung finden sollen, unter Einsatz umsponnener Garne wird hier nicht genannt.The use of yarns with a core and a sheath in textile fabrics has been proposed several times. FR-A 2 628 759 describes a fabric that has an elastic yarn in the warp and a sheathed yarn with a core made of a polyamide monofilament in the weft. The sheathing here serves to stabilize the structure or to make the warp yarns less displaceable than the weft yarns. The tissue is intended for medical use. The possibility of producing flat structures that are to be used for stitch, cut, splinter and projectile protective clothing using wound yarns is not mentioned here.

In EP-A 0 310 201 wird die Kombination von zwei verschiedenen Faserarten in einem Garn beschrieben. Eine der beiden Faserarten soll einen niedrigen, die andere einen hohen Reibungskoeffizienten aufweisen. Für erstere kommen Fasern auf Basis von Polyolefinen, Polyvinylalkohol, aliphatischen Polyamiden und Polyestern in Frage, letztere sind bevorzugt Elastomerfasern. Die meisten der hier angegebenen Faserarten sind für die Herstellung von Schutzkleidung für den Stich-, Schnitt-, Splitter- und Geschoßschutz völlig ungeeignet, da sie keinen Penetrationswiderstand gegen Stich- oder Schnittgeräte bzw. gegen Kugeln und Splitter ergeben. Außerdem vermittelt dieses Dokument keine Lehre, wie eine solche Kleidung beschaffen sein muß, um den angestrebten Schutz zu gewährleisten.EP-A 0 310 201 describes the combination of two different types of fibers in one yarn. One of the two types of fibers should have a low coefficient of friction, the other a high coefficient of friction. Fibers based on polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohol, aliphatic polyamides and polyesters are suitable for the former; the latter are preferably elastomer fibers. Most of the types of fibers specified here are completely unsuitable for the production of protective clothing for stab, cut, splinter and projectile protection, since they do not provide any penetration resistance against puncturing or cutting devices or against bullets and splinters. In addition, this document does not teach how such clothing must be designed to ensure the protection sought.

Die Herstellung von umsponnenen Garnen ist in der Spinnereitechnik allgemein bekannt. Besonders ist das von der Textilmaschinenfabrik Dr. Ernst Fehrer AG entwickelte DREF 3 - Verfahren hierfür geeignet. Seine Funktionsweise wurde in der textilen Fachliteratur bereits mehrfach beschrieben (z.B. Fuchs, H., Herstellung von Mehrkomponentengarnen mit Hilfe des Friktionsspinnverfahrens, Melliand Textilberichte, Band 64, 1983, S. 618-622).The production of wound yarns is generally known in spinning technology. This is special from the textile machine factory Dr. Ernst Fehrer AG developed DREF 3 processes suitable for this. Its functionality has already been described several times in the textile literature (e.g. Fuchs, H., manufacture of multi-component yarns using the friction spinning process, Melliand Textile Reports, Volume 64, 1983, pp. 618-622).

Die Herstellung von umsponnenen Garnen für die Weiterverarbeitung zu den erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilden soll aber nicht auf das DREF 3 - Verfahren beschränkt bleiben. Jedes andere Verfahren, mit dem Garne gleicher Eigenschaften erzielt werden können, ist zur Herstellung von Garnen für die Weiterverarbeitung zu den erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilden in gleicher Weise geeignet.However, the production of wound yarns for further processing to the textile fabrics according to the invention is not intended to be restricted to the DREF 3 process. Any other method with which yarns with the same properties can be achieved is equally suitable for the production of yarns for further processing into the textile fabrics according to the invention.

Ein anderes, ebenfalls von der Maschinenfabrik Dr. Ernst Fehrer AG entwickeltes Verfahren, ist das DREF 2 - Verfahren, das auch in der textilen Fachliteratur bereits mehrfach beschrieben wurde. Dieses Verfahren hat sich für die Herstellung von Garnen zur Weiterverarbeitung zu den erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilden als nicht optimal geeignet erwiesen. Im Interesse guter Trageeigenschaften und eines ansprechenden ästhetischen Aussehens der aus den erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilden herzustellenden Schutzwesten ist es notwendig, möglichst feine Garne einzusetzen. Das DREF 2 - Verfahren ist jedoch nur für die Herstellung gröberer Garne geeignet. Da die umsponnenen Garne zur Produktion der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde in einem Feinheitsbereich von 200 - 4000 dtex benötigt werden, bietet das DREF 2 - Verfahren nicht die gewünschten Möglichkeiten zur Erzeugung der hier benötigten Garne.Another one, also from Maschinenfabrik Dr. The method developed by Ernst Fehrer AG is the DREF 2 method, which has also been described several times in the textile literature. This method has not proven to be optimally suitable for the production of yarns for further processing into the textile fabrics according to the invention. In the interest of good wearing properties and an appealing aesthetic appearance of the protective vests to be produced from the textile fabrics according to the invention, it is necessary to use yarns that are as fine as possible. However, the DREF 2 process is only suitable for the production of coarser yarns. Since the wound yarns are required for the production of the textile fabrics according to the invention in a fineness range of 200-4000 dtex, the DREF 2 process does not offer the desired options for producing the yarns required here.

Ein weiterer Nachteil von Garnen, die nach dem DREF 2 - Verfahren hergestellt wurden, macht sich bei der Weiterverarbeitung zu den erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilden in einem gegenüber Garnen des DREF 3 - Verfahrens schlechteren Schichtaufbau bemerkbar. Die Kern- und Mantel-Schicht ist bei Garnen, die nach dem DREF 2 - Verfahren erzeugt worden sind, nicht so klar getrennt wie bei Garnen aus dem DREF 3 - Verfahren, das heißt, die Kern- und Mantel-Schichten verlaufen bei DREF 2 - Garnen mehr ineinander als bei DREF 3 - Garnen. Dieser Nachteil des DREF 2 - Verfahrens macht sich besonders bei Einsatzgebieten, bei denen ein sehr guter Schutz der Kernsubstanz gegen Licht-Einstrahlung erforderlich ist, negativ bemerkbar. Versuche haben gezeigt, daß für einen optimalen Schutz des Kerns gegen eine Licht-Einstrahlung eine gute Trennung der Kern- und Mantel-Schicht notwendig ist. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße dann, wenn ein Garn mit einem Doppelmantel erzeugt wird. Hier müssen, wenn ein guter Licht-Schutz gewährleistet sein soll, Kernschicht, erste Mantelschicht und zweite Mantel-schicht gut voneinander getrennt liegen und dürfen nicht ineinander überlaufen.A further disadvantage of yarns which have been produced by the DREF 2 process is noticeable during the further processing into the textile fabrics according to the invention in a layer structure which is poorer than yarns of the DREF 3 process. The core and sheath layers are not as clearly separated in the case of yarns which have been produced by the DREF 2 process as in the case of yarns from the DREF 3 process, that is to say the core and sheath layers run in the case of DREF 2 - Yarns interlock more than with DREF 3 yarns. This disadvantage of the DREF 2 process is particularly noticeable in areas of application where very good protection of the core substance against light radiation is required. Experiments have shown that for optimal protection of the core against light radiation, a good separation of the core and cladding layers is necessary. This is particularly true when a yarn is produced with a double jacket. If good light protection is to be ensured, the core layer, first cladding layer and second cladding layer must be well separated from one another and must not overlap.

Die Kernsubstanz der Garne, die für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde eingesetzt werden, besteht aus Aramidfasern. Diese Fasern, häufig auch als aromatische Polyamidfasern bezeichnet, sind unter Markennamen wie beispielsweise Twaron in der Textilindustrie allgemein bekannt. Es handelt sich hierbei laut Definition der BISFA (Bureau International pour la Standardisation de la Rayonne et de Fibres Synthétiques) um Faserpolymere, die zu mindestens 85 % Amid- oder Imidbindungen zwischen zwei aromatischen Ringverbindungen aufweisen und bei denen die Zahl der Imidbindungen kleiner ist als die Zahl der Amidbindungen. Sie haben sich vor allem bei der Verwendung für Kleidung, die Schutz gegen Stich-, Schnitt-, Splitter- oder Geschoßverletzungen bieten soll, sehr gut bewährt.The core substance of the yarns that are used for the production of the textile fabrics according to the invention consists of aramid fibers. These fibers, often also referred to as aromatic polyamide fibers, are generally known in the textile industry under brand names such as Twaron. According to the definition by BISFA (Bureau International pour la Standardisation de la Rayonne et de Fibers Synthétiques) Fiber polymers which have at least 85% amide or imide bonds between two aromatic ring compounds and in which the number of imide bonds is less than the number of amide bonds. They have proven themselves very well, especially when used for clothing that is intended to protect against stab, cut, splinter or projectile injuries.

Die Fasern für die Kernsubstanz können sowohl als Filamentgarne wie auch als Spinnfasergarne Anwendung finden. Welche der beiden Formen gewählt wird, hängt von den gewünschten Garneigenschaften ab. Bei der Herstellung von Garnen für die Weiterverarbeitung zu Schutzkleidung werden Filamentgarne als Kernsubstanz bevorzugt, da mit Filamentgarnen im Vergleich zu Spinnfasergarnen höhere Festigkeitswerte erzielt werden können.The fibers for the core substance can be used both as filament yarns and as spun yarns. Which of the two forms is chosen depends on the desired yarn properties. In the manufacture of yarns for further processing into protective clothing, filament yarns are preferred as the core substance, since filament yarns can achieve higher strength values than spun fiber yarns.

Bei den Filament- und Garntitern für das Kernmaterial bestehen keine Beschränkungen. Die Auswahl des Garntiters richtet sich nach dem herzustellenden Artikel. Feineren Titern wird gegenüber gröberen der Vorzug gegeben.There are no restrictions on the filament and yarn titer for the core material. The selection of the yarn titer depends on the article to be manufactured. Finer titers are preferred to coarser ones.

Die Filamentgarne im Kern können gedreht oder ungedreht zum Einsatz kommen. Ungedrehte Garne werden bevorzugt, da beim Umspinnen mit Hilfe des DREF 3 - Verfahrens ohnehin eine Drehung des Kerngarns erfolgt.The filament yarns in the core can be used twisted or untwisted. Untwisted yarns are preferred because the core yarn is rotated anyway when spinning using the DREF 3 process.

Zur Bildung der Mantelsubstanz kommen Spinnfasern zum Einsatz. Hierbei kann es sich um Natur- oder um Chemiefasern oder deren Mischungen handeln.Spun fibers are used to form the shell substance. This can be natural or chemical fibers or their mixtures.

Besonders gute Ergebnisse, vor allem im Hinblick auf den Tragekomfort sowie auf die gute Aufnahmefähigkeit für Farbstoffe verschiedener Echtheitsgrade und optische Aufheller, wurden mit Baumwolle erzielt. In gleicher Weise eignen sich aber Viscosespinnfasern für die Verwendung in diesem Einsatzgebiet, ebenso können Mischungen aus Baumwolle und Viscosespinnfasern eingesetzt werden.Particularly good results, especially with regard to comfort and good receptivity for dyes of different degrees of authenticity and optical brighteners, were made with cotton. In the same way, however, viscose staple fibers are suitable for use in this area of use, and mixtures of cotton and viscose staple fibers can also be used.

Auch der Einsatz von Synthesefasern wie Polyester-, Polyamid- oder Polyacrylnitrilfasern ist möglich. Hier wird jedoch bevorzugt, im Interesse eines guten Tragekomforts, mit Mischungen aus Synthesefasern und Baumwolle oder Viscosespinnfasern zu arbeiten. Eine bekannte und in anderen Artikeln sehr häufig eingesetzte Mischung ist z.B. die Kombination von 50 % Baumwolle und 50 % Polyester-spinnfasern.It is also possible to use synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide or polyacrylonitrile fibers. Here, however, it is preferred, in the interest of good wearing comfort, to work with mixtures of synthetic fibers and cotton or viscose staple fibers. A known mixture that is used very frequently in other articles is e.g. the combination of 50% cotton and 50% polyester staple fibers.

Schließlich kann auch Wolle, alleine oder in Mischung mit Viscose- oder Synthesespinnfasern, Verwendung finden.Finally, wool, alone or in a mixture with viscose or synthetic staple fibers, can also be used.

Zur Bildung der Mantelsubstanz wird die hierfür zu verwendende Faser in Form eines Streckenbandes mit einem Bandgewicht von 2-3 g/m der Spinnapparatur vorgelegt. Dieses Streckenband wird mit Hilfe der in der Dreizylinderspinnerei üblichen Maschinen hergestellt. Bei Verwendung von Baumwolle ist es zweckmäßig, eine gekämmte Baumwolle einzusetzen. Fasermischungen können mit Hilfe der in der Spinnereitechnik üblichen Mischverfahren hergestellt werden. Zweckmäßig ist die sogenannte Flockemischung, aber auch die Streckenband- mischung ist möglich, wobei im Interesse einer homogenen Verteilung der Mischungspartner mehrere Streckpassagen gefahren werden müssen.To form the jacket substance, the fiber to be used for this is placed in the form of a draw frame with a belt weight of 2-3 g / m of the spinning apparatus. This conveyor belt is produced with the help of machines that are common in the three-cylinder spinning mill. When using cotton, it is advisable to use combed cotton. Fiber blends can be produced using the blending processes customary in spinning technology. The so-called flake mixture is expedient, but it is also possible to mix the conveyor belt, with several stretching passages having to be carried out in the interest of a homogeneous distribution of the mixture partners.

Für das Umspinnen nach dem DREF 3 - Verfahren sind besonders Fasern mit 30-60 mm Stapellänge geeignet. Derartige Fasern werden von Chemiefaserherstellern in vielfältiger Form angeboten. Beim Einsatz von Baumwolle ist auch die Verwendung von Fasern mit geringerer Stapellänge problemlos möglich.Fibers with a staple length of 30-60 mm are particularly suitable for spinning using the DREF 3 process. Such fibers are offered in a variety of forms by man-made fiber manufacturers. When using cotton is it is also possible to use fibers with shorter staple lengths without any problems.

Kommt für das Bilden des Mantels Wolle zum Einsatz, so erfolgt deren Aufbereitung auf den Maschinen der Dreizylinderspinnerei. Für Bänder aus Wolle, die auf diesem Maschinensortiment hergestellt werden, hat sich die Bezeichnung Woll-Kurzkammzüge eingebürgert. Kommt Wolle in Mischung mit einer Chemiespinnfaser zur Anwendung, so wird die Faserlänge des Mischungspartners in entsprechender Weise gewählt. Für dieses Gebiet haben sich Chemiespinnfasern mit 60 mm Stapellänge gut bewährt.If wool is used to form the coat, it is processed on the machines of the three-cylinder spinning mill. For wool tapes that are produced on this range of machines, the term short-crest pull has become established. If wool is used in a mixture with a chemical staple fiber, the fiber length of the mixing partner is selected accordingly. Chemical staple fibers with a stack length of 60 mm have proven themselves well in this area.

Wenn ein guter Schutz des Kernmaterials gegen die Einwirkung von Licht-Strahlen besonders angestrebt wird, ist es zweckmäßig, den Kern aus Aramidfasern mit einem Doppelmantel zu umspinnen. Besonders gut eignet sich hierfür ein Innenmantel aus Polyesterfasern und ein Außenmantel aus Baumwolle oder Viscosespinnfaser.If good protection of the core material against the action of light rays is particularly sought, it is expedient to cover the core made of aramid fibers with a double jacket. An inner jacket made of polyester fibers and an outer jacket made of cotton or viscose staple fiber are particularly suitable for this.

Diese doppelte Mantelsubstanz wird dadurch erzeugt, daß man zusammen mit dem für den Kern vorgesehenen Aramidgarn ein Streckenband aus beispielsweise Polyesterspinnfasern in das Spinnaggregat einlaufen läßt und den Außenmantel in der beim DREF 3 - Verfahren üblichen Weise mit Baumwolle oder Viscosespinnfaser bildet.This double sheath substance is produced by running a drawstring made of, for example, polyester staple fibers into the spinning unit together with the aramid yarn provided for the core, and forming the outer sheath with cotton or viscose staple fiber in the manner customary in the DREF 3 process.

In Fig. 1 ist die Herstellung von umsponnenen Garnen mit einem Doppelmantel schematisch dargestellt. Von einer Spule 1 wird ein Aramid-Filamentgarn 2 abgezogen und der Spinnapparatur 6 zugeführt. Ein Streckenband 3, das zum Beispiel aus Polyester-Spinnfasern besteht, wird aus einer nicht dargestellten Kanne abgezogen, auf dem Streckwerk 4 gestreckt und vor den Klemmwalzen 5 mit dem Aramid-Filamentgarn 2 zusammengeführt. Das Garn durchläuft die Spinnapparatur 6, die aus den perforierten Trommeln 7 und 7a besteht. Beide Trommeln enthalten nicht dargestellte Saugeinsätze. Die Fasern des Streckenbandes 3 legen sich hier als Folge des im Zwickelbereich über den Saugtrommeln entstehenden Falschdralls um das Aramid-Filamentgarn 2 und bilden so den inneren Mantel. Aus nicht dargestellten Kannen werden die Streckenbänder 8a-8e, die zum Beispiel aus Baum- wolle bestehen, den Öffnerwalzen 9 und 9a zugeführt und zu Einzelfasern aufgelöst. Die Zahl der den Öffnerwalzen zugeführten Bänder kann beliebig variiert werden. Die hier genannten 5 Bänder sind lediglich als Beispiel zu verstehen. Die aufgelösten Fasern werden von den perforierten Trommeln 7 und 7a angesaugt und legen sich hier als äußerer Mantel um das bereits mit den Fasern aus dem Streckenband 3 umsponnene Aramid-Filamentgarn 2. Das die Spinnapparatur verlaßende Garn 10 wird dem Abzugsaggregat 11 zugeführt. Der durch die hier erfolgende Klemmung ausgelöste Falschdrall führt zum Fixieren der Mantel fasern. Umgekehrt bewirken diese Fasern eine Fixierung des auf dem Kerngarn erzeugten Falschdralls. Auf diese Weise entsteht das mit einem Doppelmantel umsponnene Garn 12.In Fig. 1, the production of wound yarns with a double jacket is shown schematically. An aramid filament yarn 2 is drawn off from a bobbin 1 and fed to the spinning apparatus 6. A drawstring 3, which consists for example of polyester staple fibers, is drawn off from a can, not shown, stretched on the drafting device 4 and in front of the pinch rollers 5 with the aramid filament yarn 2 merged. The yarn passes through the spinning apparatus 6, which consists of the perforated drums 7 and 7a. Both drums contain suction inserts, not shown. The fibers of the drawstring 3 lay here as a result of the false twist that arises in the gusset area above the suction drums around the aramid filament yarn 2 and thus form the inner jacket. The stretch belts 8a-8e, which consist for example of cotton, are fed from the cans (not shown) to the opening rollers 9 and 9a and dissolved into individual fibers. The number of belts fed to the opening rollers can be varied as desired. The 5 bands mentioned here are only to be understood as an example. The dissolved fibers are sucked in by the perforated drums 7 and 7a and are placed here as an outer jacket around the aramid filament yarn 2 already spun with the fibers from the drawstring 3. The yarn 10 leaving the spinning apparatus is fed to the take-off unit 11. The false twist triggered by the clamping here results in the sheath fibers being fixed. Conversely, these fibers fix the false twist generated on the core yarn. In this way, the yarn 12 wound with a double jacket is produced.

Fig. 2 zeigt den Querschnitt des auf der beschriebenen Apparatur entstandenen Garnes 12. Um den Kern 13 aus Aramid-Filamentgarn ist ein innerer Mantel 14, der in diesem Beispiel aus Polyester-Spinnfasern besteht und ein äußerer Mantel 15, in diesem Beispiel aus Baumwolle, gelegt.2 shows the cross section of the yarn 12 produced on the apparatus described. Around the core 13 made of aramid filament yarn is an inner jacket 14, which in this example consists of polyester spun fibers and an outer jacket 15, in this example made of cotton, placed.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die hier genannten Polyester-spinnfasern für den Innenmantel und auf Baumwolle für den Außenmantel beschränkt. Die Wahl des Fasermaterials für die beiden Mantelschichten wird durch die für das Garn gewünschten Eigenschaften bestimmt. Wird beispielsweise ein guter Licht-Schutz des Kerns aus Aramidgarn angestrebt, so ist es zweckmäßig, Polyesterspinnfasern für den Innenmantel zu verwenden, da diese eine gute Lichtabsorption aufweisen. Besonders geeignet sind Polyesterfasern mit entsprechenden Additiven. Als gut geeignet haben sich auch mattierte Polyesterspinnfasern erwiesen. Diese enthalten üblicherweise Titandioxid, das vor allem im UV-Bereich absorbierend wirkt. In gleicher Weise können aber andere Fasern mit ähnlichen Eigenschaften eingesetzt werden. Für die Wahl der Fasern zum Bilden des äußeren Mantels sind der Tragekomfort sowie das leichte Färben, Bedrucken oder Optischaufhellen die wesentlichen Kriterien. Hier ist der Einsatz von Baumwolle oder Viscosespinnfasern oder deren Mischungen sehr zweckmäßig, aber auch Mischungen von Baumwolle oder Viscosespinnfasern mit Synthesespinnfasern können hier zum Einsatz kommen. Auch bei Verwendung von Viscosespinnfasern werden matte Typen, die eingesponnenes Titandioxid enthalten bevorzugt.The invention is not limited to the polyester staple fibers mentioned here for the inner jacket and to cotton for the outer jacket. The choice of fiber material for the Both sheath layers are determined by the properties desired for the yarn. If, for example, good light protection of the aramid yarn core is desired, it is expedient to use polyester staple fibers for the inner jacket, since these have good light absorption. Polyester fibers with appropriate additives are particularly suitable. Matted polyester staple fibers have also proven to be very suitable. These usually contain titanium dioxide, which is particularly absorbent in the UV range. In the same way, however, other fibers with similar properties can be used. The main criteria for choosing the fibers to form the outer jacket are comfort and easy dyeing, printing or optically brightening. The use of cotton or viscose staple fibers or their blends is very useful here, but blends of cotton or viscose staple fibers with synthetic staple fibers can also be used here. Even when using viscose staple fibers, matt types that contain spun-in titanium dioxide are preferred.

Ein besonders guter Schutz des Kerns aus Aramidfasern gegen einen Festigkeitsabbau durch Licht-Einstrahlung wird dann erzielt, wenn die Mantelschicht aus einer in einem dunklen Farbton gefärbten Faser gebildet wird.Particularly good protection of the aramid fiber core against a reduction in strength due to light irradiation is achieved if the cladding layer is formed from a fiber dyed in a dark shade.

Die umsponnenen Garne mit einem Kern aus Aramidfasern und einem einfachen oder doppelten Mantel aus leicht färb-, bedruck- oder optisch aufhellbaren Fasern werden zu textilen Flächengebilden weiter verarbeitet. Unter textilen Flächengebilden sind Gewebe, Gestricke, Gewirke, Nähwirkstoffe, Fadengelege etc. zu verstehen. Welches Verfahren zur Herstellung textiler Flächengebilde aus umsponnenen Garnen gewählt wird, hängt von einer Reihe verschiedener Gesichtspunkte ab, unter denen die gewünschten Eigenschaften der aus den textilen Flächengebilden herzustellenden Schutzwesten von besonderer Bedeutung sind. So hat es sich beispielsweise als zweckmäßig erwiesen, Maschenwaren wie Gestricke oder Gewirke an Stelle von Geweben vorzusehen, wenn eine besondere Elastizität der aus den textilen Flächengebilden herzustellenden Weste gefordert wird. Fadengelege haben sich wegen der niedrigen Herstellungskosten und der schonenden Verarbeitung von Garnen aus Aramidfasern als besonders günstig erwiesen. Dem letztgenannten Vorteil kann allerdings beim Einsatz von umsponnenen Garnen keine erhöhte Bedeutung beigemessen werden.The spun yarns with a core of aramid fibers and a single or double jacket made of fibers that can be easily colored, printed or optically lightened are further processed into textile fabrics. Textile fabrics are to be understood as meaning fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, sewing agents, laid scrims, etc. Which method is used to manufacture textile fabrics from wound yarns depends on a number from various points of view, from which the desired properties of the protective vests to be produced from the textile fabrics are of particular importance. For example, it has proven expedient to provide knitwear such as knitted fabrics or knitted fabrics instead of fabrics if a special elasticity of the vest to be produced from the textile fabrics is required. Threaded fabrics have proven to be particularly inexpensive because of the low manufacturing costs and the gentle processing of yarns made from aramid fibers. However, the latter advantage cannot be given increased importance when using wound yarns.

Bevorzugt wird für viele Einsatzgebiete die Weiterverarbeitung der umsponnenen Garne zu Geweben, wofür alle in der Webereipraxis bekannten Webmaschinen eingesetzt werden können. Als besonders günstig haben sich hierfür Greiferwebmachinen erwiesen. Ebenso wie bei den anderen textilen Flächengebilden ist es auch bei Geweben nicht erforderlich, daß diese vollständig aus Garnen der gleichen Art bestehen. So ist es bei Geweben beispielsweise möglich, daß in einer Fadenrichtung Garne mit einem Baumwolle-Mantel und in der anderen Fadenrichtung Garne mit einem Mantel aus Viscosespinnfasern eingesetzt werden. In gleicher Weise können auch verschiedene andere Garn-Kombinationen Verwendung finden.For many fields of application, the further processing of the wound yarns into fabrics is preferred, for which all weaving machines known in weaving practice can be used. Rapier weaving machines have proven to be particularly favorable for this. As with the other textile fabrics, it is not necessary for fabrics to consist entirely of yarns of the same type. For example, it is possible for fabrics that yarns with a cotton sheath are used in one thread direction and yarns with a sheath made of viscose staple fibers in the other thread direction. Various other yarn combinations can be used in the same way.

Die zu wählende Fadenzahl ist einmal vom Titer des eingesetzten Garnes, zum anderen von der Art der herzustellenden Schutzkleidung abhängig. Die Garne kommen in einem Titerbereich von 200 - 4000 dtex zum Einsatz.The number of threads to be selected depends on the titer of the thread used and on the type of protective clothing to be manufactured. The yarns are used in a titer range of 200 - 4000 dtex.

Bei Geweben, die zu geschoßhemmenden Westen weiterverarbeitet werden sollen, wird zum Beispiel bei einem Garntiter von ca. 850 dtex eine Fadenzahl von 9-12 Fäden/cm gewählt. Bei einem Titer von ca. 1300 dtex beträgt die Fadenzahl 7-10/cm und bei einem Titer von ca. 1700 dtex 6-9/cm. Diese Angaben beziehen sich auf Gewebe, die in Leinwandbindung hergestellt werden.In the case of fabrics that are to be further processed into bullet-resistant vests, for example, a yarn titer From about 850 dtex, a thread count of 9-12 threads / cm is selected. With a titer of approx. 1300 dtex the thread count is 7-10 / cm and with a titer of approx. 1700 dtex 6-9 / cm. This information refers to fabrics that are made in plain weave.

Bei Geweben, die zu Fechtwesten weiterverarbeitet werden sollen, sind höhere Fadenzahlen erforderlich.Higher thread counts are required for fabrics that are to be processed into fencing vests.

An die Gewebebindung müssen keine besonderen Anforderungen gestellt werden. Die Leinwandbindung hat sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, aber auch andere Bindungen, für die als Beispiele die Köper- und die Panamabindung genannt seien, können ein- gesetzt werden.There are no special requirements for the weave. The plain weave has proven to be useful, but other weaves, for which the twill weave and the Panama weave are mentioned, can also be used.

Bei der Herstellung von Geweben aus Aramidfasern ist ein erheblicher Festigkeitsverlust während des Webvorganges unvermeidbar. Dieser beträgt, selbst bei sehr vorsichtiger und schonender Arbeitsweise, ca. 20 %. Bei unsachgemäßem Arbeiten kann der Festigkeitsverlust bis auf ca. 50 % ansteigen. In dieser Hinsicht zeigt sich ein besonderer Vorteil von Geweben aus umsponnenen Garnen. Durch den Einsatz eines umsponnenen Garnes mit einem Kern aus Aramidfasern und einem Mantel aus z.B. Baumwolle, wird der Festigkeitsverlust beim Weben sehr stark reduziert. Dieser liegt üblicherweise unter 5 %. Durch den mittels Umspinnens gebildeten Mantel wird die Kernsubstanz während des Webvorganges geschützt, so daß der Rückgang der Festigkeit in erträglichen Grenzen bleibt.A considerable loss of strength during the weaving process is unavoidable in the production of fabrics from aramid fibers. This is approx. 20%, even if you work very carefully and gently. Improper work can cause the loss of strength to increase to approximately 50%. In this regard, there is a particular advantage of woven fabrics made from wound yarns. By using a wound yarn with a core made of aramid fibers and a jacket made of e.g. Cotton, the loss of strength during weaving is greatly reduced. This is usually less than 5%. The core substance is protected during the weaving process by the jacket formed by spinning, so that the decrease in strength remains within tolerable limits.

Auch für die anderen textilen Flächengebilde wie Gestricke, Gewirke, Nähwirkstoffe, Fadengelege etc. bestehen bezüglich des Maschinenparks für deren Herstellung keine Einschränkungen. Hier bewirkt die Mantellage des umsponnenen Garnes ebenfalls einen Schutz des Aramidkernes bei der Verarbeitung auf den Textilmaschinen und trägt damit wesentlich zum Erhalt der günstigen Festigkeitseigenschaften des Aramidgarnes bei dessen Weiterverabeitung bei.For the other textile fabrics such as knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, sewing fabrics, laid scrims etc. there are no restrictions with regard to the machine park for their manufacture. This is where the sheath of the wound yarn works It also protects the aramid core during processing on textile machines and thus contributes significantly to maintaining the favorable strength properties of the aramid yarn during its further processing.

Die erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde können mit den in der Textilveredlung üblichen Verfahren gefärbt, bedruckt oder optisch aufgehellt werden. So ist bei Fechtwesten beispielsweise die Farbe weiß üblich. Hier müssen die für den Mantel eingesetzten Fasern gebleicht und optisch aufgehellt werden. Das Bleichen der Mantelfaser sollte zweckmäßigerweise vor dem Verspinnen in der Flocke erfolgen. Eine Stückbleiche ist zwar ebenfalls möglich, durch die für das Bleichen fast immer eingesetzten Oxidationsmittel muß jedoch eine Schädigung des Aramidkerns bei der Stückbleiche in Kauf genommen werden.The textile fabrics according to the invention can be dyed, printed or optically lightened using the methods customary in textile finishing. For example, the color white is common for fencing vests. Here the fibers used for the sheath have to be bleached and optically brightened. It is advisable to bleach the sheath fiber before spinning in the flake. Piece bleaching is also possible, however, due to the oxidizing agents almost always used for bleaching, damage to the aramid core must be accepted during piece bleaching.

Ob ein Bleichen überhaupt nötig ist, hängt von der zur Bildung der Mantelsubstanz herangezogenen Faser ab. Bei Baumwolle und Wolle ist dies im Interesse eines guten Weißgrades notwendig, die bereits mit gutem Weißgrad hergestellten Chemiefasern erfordern den Bleichvorgang in vielen Fällen nicht. Die Produzenten von Chemiefasern bieten auch sogenannte hochweiße Typen an. Diese enthalten eingesponnenen oder in der Nachbehandlung aufgebrachten optischen Aufheller. Bei Einsatz von Chemiefasern oder deren Mischungen ist es zweckmäßig, auf solche Typen zurückzugreifen. Hier zeigt sich bei einem Garn mit einem Doppelmantel ein Vorteil der Viscosespinnfaser gegenüber der Baumwolle beim Einsatz zur Bildung des Außenmantels.Whether bleaching is necessary at all depends on the fiber used to form the coating substance. In the case of cotton and wool, this is necessary in the interest of a good degree of whiteness, in many cases the man-made fibers already produced with good whiteness do not require the bleaching process. The producers of man-made fibers also offer so-called bright white types. These contain optical brighteners that are spun in or applied in the aftertreatment. When using synthetic fibers or their mixtures, it is advisable to use such types. In the case of a yarn with a double jacket, this shows an advantage of the viscose staple fiber over the cotton when used to form the outer jacket.

Eine Behandlung der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde mit optischen Aufhellern bereitet keine Probleme. Diese Behandlung kann, zum Beispiel nach dem Bleichen der Baumwolle, in der Flocke erfolgen, aber auch ein optisches Aufhellen der Stückware ist möglich. In der Textilveredlungsindustrie sind die hierfür in Frage kommenden Verfahren bekannt. Die Wahl eines geeigneten Produktes und die Behandlungsbedingungen hängen von den für die Mantelsubstanz gewählten Fasern oder Fasermischungen ab.Treatment of the textile fabrics according to the invention with optical brighteners presents no problems. This treatment can, for example, after bleaching the Cotton, in the flake, but also optically brightening the piece goods is possible. The processes suitable for this are known in the textile finishing industry. The choice of a suitable product and the treatment conditions depend on the fibers or fiber mixtures selected for the sheath substance.

Kleidung für den Splitter-, Geschoß- oder Schnittschutz wird entweder gefärbt oder bedruckt. Letzteres ist vor allem bei militärischem Einsatz üblich. Auch für das Färben und Bedrucken der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde sind die anzuwendenen Verfahren in der Textilveredlungsindustrie gut bekannt. Die Auswahl der Farbstoffe sowie der Behandlungsverfahren hängt von der für den Mantel der umsponnenen Garne eingesetzten Faserart oder Fasermischung sowie von den gewünschten Echtheiten und eventuellen weiteren gewünschten Eigenschaften, wie z.B. Tarnfarben bei Schutzkleidung im militärischen Bereich, ab. Besonders günstig im Hinblick auf den Schutz des Aramid-Kerns gegen eine Schädigung durch Licht-Einstrahlung sind Färbungen in dunklen Farbtönen.Clothing for splinter, bullet or cut protection is either dyed or printed. The latter is particularly common in military applications. The processes to be used in the textile finishing industry are also well known for dyeing and printing the textile fabrics according to the invention. The selection of the dyes and the treatment methods depends on the type of fiber or fiber mixture used for the covering of the wound yarns as well as on the desired fastness properties and any other desired properties, such as Camouflage colors for protective clothing in the military area. Dyeing in dark shades is particularly favorable with regard to protecting the aramid core against damage from light radiation.

Ob das Färben auf die Mantelschicht beschränkt wird oder ob auch ein Färben des Aramid-Kern-Garnes vorgenommen wird, hängt von dem gewünschten Effekt und von der Garnkonstruktion ab. Aramidfasern haben eine gelbe Eigenfarbe. Wenn ein Garn mit einem einfachen Mantel zum Einsatz gelangt, so kann bei manchen Garnkonstruktionen die gelbe Farbe des Kernmaterials etwas durchscheinen. Bei einigen Einsatzgebieten kann dies störend wirken. In solchen Fällen ist es möglich, das Aramid-Kerngarn mit Dispersionsfarbstoffen zu färben. Hierfür eignet sich das Hochtemperaturverfahren, in der Textilveredlungsindustrie unter der Abkürzung HT-Verfahren bekannt, mit Färbetemperaturen bis 135 °C in gleicher Weise wie das Färbeverfahren mit Carriern. Beide Verfahren sind in der Färbereitechnik gut bekannt.Whether the dyeing is limited to the sheath layer or whether the aramid core yarn is also dyed depends on the desired effect and the yarn construction. Aramid fibers have an inherent yellow color. If a yarn with a simple sheath is used, the yellow color of the core material may shine through in some yarn constructions. In some areas of application, this can be disruptive. In such cases it is possible to dye the aramid core yarn with disperse dyes. The high-temperature process, known in the textile finishing industry under the abbreviation HT process, with dyeing temperatures up to 135 ° C in is suitable for this same as the dyeing process with carriers. Both methods are well known in dyeing technology.

Bei der Herstellung von Fechtwesten kommen die erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde einlagig oder mehrlagig zur Verarbeitung. Bei einlagiger Verarbeitung zeigt sich ein besonderer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde, da das Vernähen mit einem Ober- und eventuell einem Unterstoff entfallen kann, was sich neben einer einfacheren Disposition bei den an Lager zu haltenden Materialien zusätzlich noch beim Konfektioniervorgang sehr kostengünstig auswirkt. Auch im Tragekomfort zeigen Fechtwesten, die aus den erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilden hergestellt werden, erhebliche Vorteile gegenüber den bisher üblichen Fechtwesten, was besonders für die einlagige Verarbeitung der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten textilen Flächengebilde gilt. Eine ohne die Mitverwendung eines Ober- oder Unterstoffes angefertigte Fechtweste liegt am Körper des Sportlers gut an und bietet somit eine optimale Bewegungsfreiheit.In the manufacture of fencing vests, the textile fabrics according to the invention are processed in one or more layers. In the case of single-layer processing, there is a particular advantage of the textile fabrics according to the invention, since sewing with an upper and possibly a lower material can be omitted, which, in addition to simpler disposition of the materials to be kept in stock, also has a very cost-effective effect during the assembly process. Fencing vests, which are produced from the textile fabrics according to the invention, also show considerable advantages over the conventional fencing vests in terms of wearing comfort, which is particularly true for the single-layer processing of the textile fabrics manufactured according to the invention. A fencing vest made without the use of an outer or lower fabric fits snugly on the athlete's body and thus offers optimal freedom of movement.

Während bei den herkömmlichen Fechtwesten zur Einstellung der geforderten Durchstoßkraft, die, um Verletzungen des Sportlers auszuschließen, über 800 N liegen muß, zwei oder drei Lagen von Aramidfasergeweben zum Einsatz kamen, hat sich gezeigt, daß bei Verwendung von erfindungsgemäßen Geweben bereits mit einer einlagigen Fechtweste die geforderten Werte der Durchstoßkraft erreichbar sind. Voraussetzung ist allerdings, daß eine dichte Gewebeeinstellung gewählt wird, daß also ein Gewebe mit einer hohen Fadenzahl in Kette und Schuß zum Einsatz kommt.While two or three layers of aramid fiber fabrics were used in the conventional fencing vests to set the required penetration force, which must be above 800 N in order to prevent injuries to the athlete, it has been shown that when using fabrics according to the invention, a single-layer fencing vest was already used the required penetration force values can be achieved. The prerequisite is, however, that a dense fabric setting is selected, that is to say a fabric with a high number of threads in warp and weft is used.

Die für die Durchstoßkraft in den Ausführungsbeispielen angegebenen Werte wurden nach der von Kleinhansl beschriebenen Methode ermittelt (Kleinhansl, E., Schutzkleidung gegen Stoß- und Stichwaffen - Allgemeines zu den Anforderungen, Prüfung bei Fechtkleidung, textil praxis international, 1992, S. 125 - 130).The values given for the puncture force in the exemplary embodiments were based on those described by Kleinhansl Method determined (Kleinhansl, E., protective clothing against rifle and stab weapons - general requirements, testing for fencing clothing, textile practice international, 1992, pp. 125 - 130).

Schutzwesten für den Geschoß- und Splitterschutz müssen mehrlagig aufgebaut werden. Die herkömmliche Arbeitsweise sieht vor, mehrere Lagen von Geweben aus Aramidfasern miteinander zu vernähen. Dieses Paket aus mehreren dieser Gewebe wird in eine Hülle aus beschichtetem Gewebe, beispielweise aus Baumwolle, eingebracht. Über das so gebildete umhüllte Paket wird ein Ober- und Unterstoff aus gefärbter oder bedruckter Baumwolle gelegt und die Weste so konfektioniert, daß eine Entnahme des Paketes zur Reinigung der Außenhülle möglich ist.Protective vests for bullet and splinter protection must be built up in several layers. The conventional way of working is to sew together several layers of fabrics made of aramid fibers. This package of several of these fabrics is placed in a cover made of coated fabric, for example cotton. An upper and lower fabric made of colored or printed cotton is placed over the wrapped package formed in this way and the vest is made up in such a way that the package can be removed for cleaning the outer shell.

Bei Westen für den Geschoß- und Splitterschutz wird für die um die Gewebe aus Aramidfasern gelegte Hülle das erfindungsgemäße textile Flächengebilde eingesetzt. Dieses hat im Vergleich zu den bislang eingesetzten beschichteten Geweben den wesentlichen Vorteil, daß der durch die Beschichtung eintretende Verlust an antiballistischer Wirkung hier nicht stattfindet. Außerdem kann das erfindungsgemäße textile Flächengebilde auch für den Ober- und Unterstoff zum Einsatz kommen. Neben der einfacheren Dispositionsmöglichkeit bei den auf Lager zu haltenden Materialien bietet dies den Vorteil, daß im Vergleich zu dem bisher hierfür eingesetzten Baumwollgewebe mit dem erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde eine höhere ballistische Schutzwirkung der Westen und darüberhinaus eine bessere Festigkeit erzielt werden kann.In the case of vests for bullet and splinter protection, the textile fabric according to the invention is used for the covering laid around the aramid fiber fabric. Compared to the previously used coated fabrics, this has the essential advantage that the loss of antiballistic effect caused by the coating does not take place here. In addition, the textile fabric according to the invention can also be used for the upper and lower fabric. In addition to the simpler disposition option for the materials to be kept in stock, this offers the advantage that, in comparison to the cotton fabric previously used for this purpose, with the textile fabric according to the invention a higher ballistic protective effect of the vests and moreover a better strength can be achieved.

In ähnlicher Weise wird bei Schutzkleidung für den Schnittschutz verfahren. Hier können neben den Gewebelagen aus Aramidfasern noch Lagen aus Metallgeweben in dem eigentlichen Schnittschutzpaket zum Einsatz kommen. Bezüglich der Hülle dieser Pakete und bezüglich der Ober- und Unterstoffe gilt das bei der Schutzkleidung für den Geschoß- und Splitterschutz bereits Gesagte. Auch hier können die eigentlichen Schnittschutzlagen aus den erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilden bestehen.The same applies to protective clothing for cut protection. Here you can look at the fabric layers Aramid fibers or layers of metal mesh are used in the actual cut protection package. Regarding the shell of these packages and the upper and lower fabrics, the same applies to protective clothing for bullet and splinter protection. Here, too, the actual cut protection layers can consist of the textile fabrics according to the invention.

Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde für Kleidung für den Stich-, Schnitt-, Geschoß- und Splitterschutz bietet somit im Hinblick auf eine einfachere Disposition bei den hierfür einzusetzenden Materialien erhebliche Vorteile, da die Lagerhaltung der benötigten Artikel deutlich reduziert werden kann. Darüberhinaus gelingt es, durch einen wesentlich geringeren Festigkeitsverlust bei der Herstellung der textilen Flächengebilde und durch den Ersatz von Baumwollgewebe mit geringerer Festigkeit durch die erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde deutlich bessere Gebrauchseigenschaften der Schutzkleidung zu erzielen. Außerdem wird der Tragekomfort im Vergleich zur bisher eingesetzten Schutzkleidung erheblich verbessert.The use of the textile fabrics according to the invention for clothing for stab, cut, projectile and splinter protection thus offers considerable advantages with regard to easier disposition in the materials to be used for this purpose, since the storage of the required articles can be significantly reduced. In addition, it is possible to achieve significantly better usage properties of the protective clothing by means of a substantially lower loss of strength in the manufacture of the textile fabrics and by the replacement of cotton fabric with less strength by the textile fabrics according to the invention. In addition, the wearing comfort is significantly improved compared to the protective clothing previously used.

Beispiel 1example 1

Dieses Beispiel beschreibt die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde für die Herstellung von Fechtwesten.This example describes the use of the textile fabrics according to the invention for the production of fencing vests.

Ein Filament-Garn aus Aramidfasern mit einem Titer von 840 dtex wurde auf einer DREF 3 - Spinnapparatur mit einem Doppelmantel umsponnen. Der innere Mantel wurde durch eine Polyesterfaser mit einem eingesponnenem optischen Aufheller gebildet. Die Polyesterfaser hatte einen Titer von 1.7 dtex und eine Faserlänge von 32 mm. Die Polyesterfaser kam als Streckenband zur Anwendung und wurde gemäß der Beschreibung zu Figur 1 der Spinnanlage zugeführt.A filament yarn made of aramid fibers with a titer of 840 dtex was spun on a DREF 3 spinning apparatus with a double jacket. The inner sheath was covered with a polyester fiber with an optical brightener educated. The polyester fiber had a titer of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 32 mm. The polyester fiber was used as a draw frame and was fed to the spinning system as described in FIG. 1.

Der Außenmantel wurde aus Baumwolle gebildet. Die Baumwolle wurde zuvor in der Flocke mit Natriumchlorit gebleicht und optisch aufgehellt. Außerdem wurde die in der Flocke behandelte Baumwolle mit einer Avivage versehen, um die Bildung eines Streckenbandes und die Verarbeitung auf der DREF 3 - Spinnanlage zu erleichtern. Die hierfür einzusetzenden Produkte sind in der Textilveredlungsindustrie bekannt.The outer coat was made of cotton. The cotton was previously bleached with sodium chlorite and optically brightened. In addition, the cotton treated in the flake was provided with a finishing agent in order to facilitate the formation of a conveyor belt and the processing on the DREF 3 spinning system. The products to be used for this are known in the textile finishing industry.

Durch die Umspinnung wurde ein Garn erhalten, das aus 40 % Aramidfaser, 30 % Polyesterfaser und 30 % Baumwolle bestand.Spinning gave a yarn consisting of 40% aramid fiber, 30% polyester fiber and 30% cotton.

Das so erhaltene Garn wurde in Köper 1/3-Bindung zu einem Gewebe verarbeitet. Die Fadenzahl in der Kette betrug 13/cm, im Schuß 12/cm. Mit dieser Gewebeeinstellung wurde ein Flächengewicht von 510 g/m erzielt.The yarn thus obtained was processed into a woven fabric in twill 1/3 weave. The number of threads in the warp was 13 / cm, in the weft 12 / cm. With this fabric setting, a basis weight of 510 g / m was achieved.

Bei der Prüfung der Durchstoßkraft wurde ein Durchschnittswert von 840 N ermittelt.When testing the puncture force, an average value of 840 N was determined.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Beispiel 1 wurde wiederholt, wobei an Stelle von Baumwolle zur Bildung des Außenmantels eine Viscosespinnfaser mit einem Titer von 1.7 dtex und einer Faserlänge von 40 mm zum Einsatz kam. Bei der Viscosespinnfaser handelte es sich um eine hochweiße Type, so daß das in Beispiel 1 beschriebene Bleichen und Optischaufhellen in der Flocke nicht erforderlich war.Example 1 was repeated using a viscose staple fiber with a titer of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 40 mm instead of cotton to form the outer jacket. The viscose staple fiber was a bright white type, so that that described in Example 1 Bleaching and optically whitening in the flake was not necessary.

Die Herstellung des Gewebes erfolgte in der gleichen Weise wie in Beispiel 1. Bei der Prüfung der Durchstoßkraft wurde ein Durchschnittswert von 830 N ermittelt.The fabric was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. An average value of 830 N was determined when testing the puncture force.

Beispiel 3aExample 3a

Die Beispiele 3a und 3b zeigen den Einfluß der durch die Fadenzahlen in Kette und Schuß eingestellten Gewebedichte bzw. des damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Flächengewichtes auf die Durchstoßkraft von Geweben für Fechtwesten.Examples 3a and 3b show the influence of the fabric density set by the number of threads in warp and weft or the related basis weight on the penetration force of fabrics for fencing vests.

Aus dem in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Garn wurde in Leinwandbindung mit einer Fadenzahl von 8/cm in der Kette und 7/cm im Schuß ein Gewebe hergestellt. Das Gewebe zeigte ein Gewicht von 320 g/m. Der Durchschnittswert der Durchstoßkraft lag bei 710 N.A fabric was made from the yarn described in Example 1 in plain weave with a thread count of 8 / cm in the warp and 7 / cm in the weft. The fabric showed a weight of 320 g / m. The average value of the puncture force was 710 N.

Beispiel 3bExample 3b

Aus dem in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Garn wurde in Kreuzköper 2/2 - Bindung mit einer Fadenzahl von 9/cm in Kette und Schuß ein Gewebe hergestellt. Das Gewebe zeigte ein Gewicht von 380 g/m. Der Durchschnittswert der Durchstoßkraft lag bei 690 N.A fabric was made from the yarn described in Example 1 in cross twill 2/2 weave with a thread count of 9 / cm in warp and weft. The fabric showed a weight of 380 g / m. The average value of the puncture force was 690 N.

Beispiel 4Example 4

Dieses Beispiel beschreibt die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächengebilde für die Herstellung von Splitterschutzwesten.This example describes the use of the textile fabrics according to the invention for the production of shatterproof vests.

Ein Filament-Garn aus Aramidfasern mit einem Titer von 840 dtex wurde auf einer DREF 3 - Spinnapparatur mit einem Doppelmantel umsponnen. Der innere Mantel wurde durch eine Polyesterfaser gebildet. Diese hatte einen Titer von 1.7 dtex und eine Faserlänge von 32 mm. Die Polyesterfaser kam als Streckenband zur Anwendung und wurde gemäß der Beschreibung zu Figur 1 der Spinnanlage zugeführt.A filament yarn made of aramid fibers with a titer of 840 dtex was spun on a DREF 3 spinning apparatus with a double jacket. The inner jacket was made of a polyester fiber. This had a titer of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 32 mm. The polyester fiber was used as a draw frame and was fed to the spinning system as described in FIG. 1.

Der Außenmantel wurde aus Baumwolle gebildet. Auch die Baumwolle kam als Streckenband zur Anwendung. Sie wurde gemäß der Beschreibung zu Figur 1 der DREF 3 - Spinnanlage zugeführt.The outer coat was made of cotton. Cotton was also used as a conveyor belt. According to the description of FIG. 1, it was fed to the DREF 3 spinning system.

Durch die Umspinnung wurde ein Garn erhalten, das aus 40 % Aramidfaser, 30 % Polyesterfaser und 30 % Baumwolle bestand.Spinning gave a yarn consisting of 40% aramid fiber, 30% polyester fiber and 30% cotton.

Das so erhaltene Garn wurde in Leinwandbindung zu einem Gewebe verarbeitet. Die Fadenzahl in Kette und Schuß betrug je 7/cm. Die Gewebeherstellung erfolgte auf einer Greiferwebmaschine.The yarn thus obtained was made into a woven fabric in plain weave. The number of threads in warp and weft was 7 / cm each. The fabric was produced on a rapier weaving machine.

Das erhaltene Gewebe wurde dunkelgrün gefärbt. Für den Baumwoll-Außenmantel kamen Küpenfarbstoffe, für den Polyester-Innenmantel Dispersionsfarbstoffe zum Einsatz. Durch Färben bei 135 °C erfolgte durch die verwendeten Dispersionsfarbstoffe auch ein Anfärben des Kerns aus Aramid, dessen Farbtiefe aber deutlich heller ausfiel als die des Polyester-Innenmantels.The tissue obtained was dyed dark green. Vat dyes were used for the outer layer of cotton and disperse dyes for the inner layer of polyester. By dyeing at 135 ° C, the disperse dyes used also stained the aramid core, the depth of which was, however, significantly lighter than that of the polyester inner jacket.

Die so hergestellten Gewebe wurden zu einer Splitterschutzweste weiterverarbeitet, wobei diese Gewebe für die Außen- und Futterlagen an Stelle von herkömmlichen Baumwollgeweben zur Anwendung kamen. Es wurde eine Weste angefertigt, die aus 14 Lagen von herkömmlichen Aramidgeweben mit einem Gewicht von je 190 g/m bestand. Eine zusätzliche Außen- bzw. Innenlage bildeten die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Gewebe mit einem Gewicht von 283 g/m.The fabrics produced in this way were further processed into a shatterproof vest, these fabrics for the outer and lining layers instead of conventional cotton fabrics were used. A vest was made that consisted of 14 layers of conventional aramid fabrics, each weighing 190 g / m. The fabrics produced according to the invention with a weight of 283 g / m formed an additional outer or inner layer.

Diese Weste wurde einem Splitterbeschuß nach den Bedingungen von STANAG 2920 ausgesetzt. Das Beschießen erfolgte mit 1,1 g-Splittern. Hierbei wurde beim Beschuß des trockenen Paketes ein V50-Wert von 476 m/sec erzielt. Dieser Wert bedeutet, daß bei der genannten Geschwindigkeit eine Penetrationswahrscheinlichkeit von 50 % besteht.This vest was subjected to a shattered fire under the conditions of STANAG 2920. The bombardment was carried out with 1.1 g fragments. A V50 value of 476 m / sec was achieved when the dry package was bombarded. This value means that there is a 50% probability of penetration at this speed.

Beim Beschuß der naßen Weste betrug der entsprechende Wert 456 m/sec. Bei diesem Test wird die Weste vor dem Beschießen eine Stunde in senkrechter Lage in Wasser gelagert und nach einer Abtropfzeit von 3 Minuten der Beschußprüfung unterzogen.When the wet vest was bombarded, the corresponding value was 456 m / sec. In this test, the vest is stored in water in an upright position for one hour before being bombarded and subjected to the bombardment test after a draining time of 3 minutes.

Das Vergleichsmaterial bestand aus einer Weste die ebenfalls aus 14 Lagen Aramidgewebe mit einem Gewicht von je 190 g/m gebildet wurde. Der Ober- und Unterstoff bestand hier aus einem Baumwollgewebe mit einem Gewicht von 272 g/m. Bei dieser Weste betrug der V50-Wert 455 m/sec beim Beschießen in trockenem Zustand und 428 m/sec beim Beschießen in naßem Zustand.The comparison material consisted of a vest which was also made up of 14 layers of aramid fabric, each weighing 190 g / m. The upper and lower fabric consisted of a cotton fabric with a weight of 272 g / m. With this vest, the V50 value was 455 m / sec when bombarded in the dry state and 428 m / sec when bombarded in the wet state.

Die angegebenen Zahlen zeigen eine deutliche Zunahme der antiballistischen Wirksamkeit bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Gewebe.The numbers given show a clear increase in the antiballistic effectiveness when using the fabrics produced according to the invention.

Beispiel 5Example 5

Das Gewebe aus Beispiel 4 wurde für die Herstellung einer geschoßhemmenden Weste eingesetzt. Hierzu wurden 20 Lagen Aramidgewebe mit einem Gewicht von 280 g/m eingesetzt. Je zwei zusätzliche Lagen bildete sowohl auf der Außen- als auch auf der Innenseite das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Gewebe. Diese Lagen dienten einmal als Hülle für die Aufnahme des sogenannten ballistischen Paketes, zum anderen als Ober- und Unterstoff. Diese Weste hatte also insgesamt 24 Lagen: Von außen nach innen bestand die Weste aus folgenden Lagen: 2 Lagen des erfindungsgemäßen Gewebe, 20 Lagen Aramidgewebe, 2 Lagen des erfindungsgemäßen Gewebes.The fabric from Example 4 was used to manufacture a bullet-resistant vest. For this, 20 layers of aramid fabric with a weight of 280 g / m were used. The fabric produced according to the invention formed two additional layers on both the outside and the inside. These layers served on the one hand as a cover for the so-called ballistic package, and on the other hand as an upper and lower fabric. This vest had a total of 24 layers: from the outside in, the vest consisted of the following layers: 2 layers of the fabric according to the invention, 20 layers of aramid fabric, 2 layers of the fabric according to the invention.

Die Beschußprüfung der versuchsweise hergestellten Weste erfolgte im Vergleich zu einer Weste, die aus 24 Lagen Aramidgewebe mit einem Gewicht von 280 g/m bestand sowie über dem ballistischen Paket auf der Außen- und Innenseite je eine Lage eines beschichteten Polyestergewebes und als Ober- bzw. Unterstoff ein Baumwollgewebe aufwies. Diese Weste hatte also insgesamt 28 Lagen. Von außen nach innen bestand die Weste aus folgenden Lagen: Oberstoff aus Baumwollgewebe, beschichtetes Polyestergewebe, 24 Lagen Aramidgewebe, beschichtetes Polyestergewebe, Futterstoff aus Baumwollgewebe.The test of the vest, which was produced on a trial basis, was carried out in comparison to a vest which consisted of 24 layers of aramid fabric with a weight of 280 g / m and a layer of coated polyester fabric on the outside and inside of the ballistic package and as top or Cotton fabric had under fabric. So this vest had a total of 28 layers. From the outside in, the vest consisted of the following layers: outer fabric made of cotton fabric, coated polyester fabric, 24 layers of aramid fabric, coated polyester fabric, lining made of cotton fabric.

Die Beschußprüfung wurde nach dem NIJ-Standard vorgenommen. In beiden Fällen erfolgte kein Durchtritt des für das Beschießen eingesetzten Projektils durch die Schutzweste.The bullet test was carried out according to the NIJ standard. In both cases, the projectile used for bombardment did not pass through the protective vest.

Dieser Vergleich zeigt, daß durch Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Gewebe leichtere Westen bei gleicher antiballistischer Wirkung hergestellt werden können.This comparison shows that lighter vests with the same antiballistic effect can be produced by using the fabrics according to the invention.

Claims (10)

  1. Textile planar structure, consisting of yarns having a titer of 200 - 4,000 dtex, for the production of protective clothing, particularly clothing for protection against stabbing, cutting, splinters and bullets, characterized in that the textile planar structure for protective clothing having a puncture force of over 800 N and/or for protective clothing in which there are disposed several layers of this textile planar structure, consists, in all thread directions, of covered yarns with a core consisting of filament or staple fibre yarns of aramide fibres and with a single or double covering of a natural and/or chemical fibre which can be easily dyed, imprinted or optically brightened.
  2. Textile planar structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the single or double covering of the covered yarn consists of cotton, wool, viscose staple fibres, polyester staple fibres, polyamide staple fibres or polyacrylnitrile staple fibres, or of mixtures of two or more of these fibres.
  3. Textile planar structure according to one or both of Claims 1-2, characterized in that the covered yarn has a double covering consisting of an inner (14) and an outer (15) covering and in that the two covering layers are formed from two different fibres.
  4. Textile planar structure according to one or both of Claims 1-2, characterized in that the covered yarn has a double covering consisting of an inner (14) and an outer (15) covering and in that the two covering layers are formed from the same type of fibre.
  5. Textile planar structure according to one or both of Claims 1-2, characterized in that the covered yarn has a core (13) of aramide filament yarns, an inner covering (14) of polyester staple fibres and an outer covering (15) of cotton and/or viscose staple fibres.
  6. Fencing vest, produced from the textile planar structure according to one or more of Claims 1-5.
  7. Clothing for protection against stabbing, produced from the textile planar structure according to one or more of Claims 1-5.
  8. Clothing for protection against cutting, produced from the textile planar structure according to one or more of Claims 1-5.
  9. Clothing for protection against splinters, produced from the textile planar structure according to one or more of Claims 1-5.
  10. Bullet-inhibiting clothing, produced from the textile planar structure according to one or more of Claims 1-5.
EP19920110000 1991-06-21 1992-06-13 Textile fabrics for protective garment Expired - Lifetime EP0519359B1 (en)

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DE4120454 1991-06-21
DE4216657 1992-05-20
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