EP0509339A1 - Antenna with top loading capacity for a mobile telephone - Google Patents

Antenna with top loading capacity for a mobile telephone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0509339A1
EP0509339A1 EP92105739A EP92105739A EP0509339A1 EP 0509339 A1 EP0509339 A1 EP 0509339A1 EP 92105739 A EP92105739 A EP 92105739A EP 92105739 A EP92105739 A EP 92105739A EP 0509339 A1 EP0509339 A1 EP 0509339A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
counterweight
loading capacity
film
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92105739A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0509339B1 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Flügel
Christoph Petermann
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Hagenuk Vorm Neufeldt and Kuhnke GmbH
Hagenuk Telecom GmbH
Original Assignee
Hagenuk Vorm Neufeldt and Kuhnke GmbH
Hagenuk Telecom GmbH
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Application filed by Hagenuk Vorm Neufeldt and Kuhnke GmbH, Hagenuk Telecom GmbH filed Critical Hagenuk Vorm Neufeldt and Kuhnke GmbH
Publication of EP0509339A1 publication Critical patent/EP0509339A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0509339B1 publication Critical patent/EP0509339B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
    • H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna which is provided with a head capacitance and an antenna counterweight and in which an extension coil is arranged at a base point.
  • a shortened antenna is required for mobile telephones, especially for handheld devices according to the GSM standard (Group Special Mobile), since the previously customary rod antenna, the length of which should be approximately 8 cm, is to be replaced. The latter does not have the broadband characteristics required for handheld devices in terms of adaptation and loss in terms of adaptation and loss.
  • an inductance is usually used to compensate for the missing length.
  • a large current flows through this extension coil, so that even a small loss resistance can reduce the antenna efficiency to an extent that is not acceptable for handheld devices.
  • a shortened antenna can also be resonated with a capacitive load on the antenna tip (head capacity or roof capacity) and adapted to the feed line. This method of adjustment causes smaller losses and increases the bandwidth.
  • DE 22 62 522 C2 describes an antenna for meter or decimeter waves in the manner of a folding unipole Roof capacity suggested.
  • Two antenna conductors which are approximately perpendicular to a base area, are to be connected to a conductive disk acting as a roof capacitance via an inductor.
  • One of the antenna conductors is connected to the base area, the other forms the antenna base point in the area of the base area.
  • the inductance in this embodiment is formed in that the antenna conductors are passed through the pane in an insulated manner, are guided along the side of the pane facing away from the base area and are galvanically connected to the pane at their respective ends.
  • a special embodiment provides for the pane to be formed from an insulating support, in particular epoxy glass, with suitable metallizations on both sides of the pane.
  • the antenna conductors standing between the pane and the base are in any case designed as wire-shaped line pieces.
  • Such an antenna will occupy an approximately cylindrical space of approximately 3 cm in diameter and 3 cm in height for the planned frequency. This seems too big for handheld devices.
  • the antenna is also very expensive to manufacture because it has to be built up from individual parts, such as washers and antenna conductors, by soldering and riveting.
  • the theoretical isotropic gain of the antenna should be about 5 dB, which speaks for a clear bundling, and the bandwidth should be about 7% with a standing wave ratio of less than 2.
  • An antenna of the type mentioned in the introduction is known from US 48 76 709. This antenna is suitable for use in the shortwave range. From this Intended use results in the antenna having significantly smaller dimensions than the assigned wavelength.
  • the antenna is realized by a metallized surface, which is excited relative to the circuit board of the device.
  • the adaptation is carried out with the help of two filters, one of which is intended for the transmitter and one for the receiver.
  • By using an additional shielding plate it is possible to minimize the influence of a user's hand on the signal transmission by adapting the antenna. In particular, the required switches are removed from the area of the antenna.
  • GB 11 53 870 describes an antenna that has a capacitively loaded radiator to reduce the required height.
  • the antenna is operated as a parallel plate capacitor.
  • the object of the present invention is to construct an antenna of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that that high quality signal transmission can take place with a compact and inexpensive construction.
  • the antenna according to the invention is designed as a short linear antenna with head capacitance.
  • An extension coil is provided at the antenna base, which together with the head capacitance determines the frequency range of the antenna.
  • the extension coil is provided with a tap (autotransformer). The feed then takes place between the base point and the tap of the extension coil. They can be used in particular in the frequency range between 875 and 960 MHz.
  • the subclaims 2 to 4 relate to special configurations of the antenna according to the invention.
  • the head capacity of the antenna according to the invention is formed in particular by a flexible film.
  • a metal foil can be used as the foil.
  • metallized plastic films are to be used.
  • the metallized film is advantageously bent to increase the head capacity.
  • the bending line of the film should be approximately U-shaped.
  • the antenna counterweight for example an electrically conductive base area
  • the antenna counterweight itself on the flexible film, in particular made of plastic, by applying a metallization layer.
  • the head capacity is then relative Large-area metallized area formed on the film.
  • extension coils or economy transformers are designed to adapt as narrower conductor tracks. The conductor tracks are routed to the connection points on the antenna counterweight or the jacket of a coaxial line and to the inner conductor of the coaxial line.
  • the antenna counterweight is then designed as a large-area metallized area on the flexible plastic film.
  • a special embodiment provides for the antenna counterweight to be designed as a locking pot.
  • the counterweight or the conductive base area has a diameter that corresponds to half the wavelength of the desired antenna center frequency. If the base surface is not designed to be flat, but curved, the surface should end after a quarter of the wavelength, as seen from the base point of the antenna. As a result, practically no more current flows at the edge of the base area, and the base area is electrically decoupled from the supply cable and the housing.
  • the locking pot is formed as part of the housing of the transmitting and receiving device.
  • the antenna with head capacity according to the invention is used in particular for handheld devices for communication according to the GSM standard.
  • the antenna according to FIG. 1 is arranged above an antenna counterweight (1) designed as an electrically conductive cap.
  • the antenna is formed from the head capacitance (2) in the form of the bent conductive surface, the approximately S-shaped extension coil (3) and the tap (5).
  • the approximately S-shaped extension coil (3) is connected on the one hand to the head capacitance (2) and on the other hand to the antenna counterweight (1) at the antenna base (4).
  • the antenna base (4) is connected to the outer conductor of a coaxial cable (7) designed as a feed cable.
  • the tap (5) is connected to the inner conductor of the feed cable.
  • the antenna is in a preferred embodiment as a printed circuit on an as flexible film trained substrate (6) realized.
  • the head capacitance (2), the extension coil (3) and the tap (5) are arranged on the substrate (6).
  • the substrate (6) is folded according to FIG. 4 by a line (9) in order to increase the head capacity (2).
  • the antenna with the folded substrate (6) is arranged in a plastic cap (8).
  • the plastic cap (8) sits on a base (10), in which a connector (not shown in the drawing) for the coaxial cable (7) can be arranged.
  • the connector is preferably inside the cap-shaped antenna counterweight (1).
  • the height of the plastic cap (8) is 27 mm in a special version and the height of the antenna counterweight (1) with base (10) in a special version is 70 mm.
  • the plastic cap (8) has a width of about 25 mm at its upper end in a special version.
  • the antenna counterweight (1) is either designed as a metallization of the plastic shell of the radio telephone or as a sheet metal part inserted into the plastic shell of the radio telephone.
  • FIG. 5 shows a highly simplified equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna.
  • the capacity C represents the head capacity (2).
  • the radiation resistance is Rs and the antenna losses are summarized in Rv.
  • the extension coil with tap is represented by the inductances L1 and L2 and the mutual inductance M, and on the left (indicated by the arrow) the feeding 50-ohm line is shown.
  • Figure 6 shows an equivalent circuit with an ideal transformer and separate inductance.
  • the transmission ratio of the transmitter is ü.
  • the imaginary part (j) becomes zero.
  • a shortened antenna has a radiation resistance of approximately 10 ohms and the loss resistance is approximately 1 ohm.
  • a transmission ratio of ü 2.1 required.
  • a bandwidth of 20% results for a standing wave ratio vswr ⁇ 2.
  • the efficiency (n) is also calculated 91%, which corresponds to a gain of - 0.4 dB.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an antenna with top-loading capacity (2), especially for a short linear antenna, for radio telephones, especially handsets, conforming to the GSM Standard. At the base point (4), the antenna has an elongation coil (3) and, for matching, an autotransformer. The top-loading capacity is formed by a metallised film which is bent approximately in a U-shape in order to increase the capacity. The complete circuit, consisting of the top-loading capacity, the elongation coil and autotransformer, is advantageously configured on a film, as a printed circuit. The antenna counterweight (1) is configured as a wave trap, especially as a part of the housing of the transmitting/receiving apparatus. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antenne, die mit einer Kopfkapazität und einem Antennengegengewicht versehen ist und bei der an einem Fußpunkt eine Verlängerungsspule angeordnet ist.The invention relates to an antenna which is provided with a head capacitance and an antenna counterweight and in which an extension coil is arranged at a base point.

Für mobile Telefone, insbesondere für Handgeräte nach dem GSM-Standard (Group Special Mobile), wird eine verkürzte Antenne benötigt, da die bisher übliche Stabantenne, deren Länge etwa 8 cm betragen müßte, ersetzt werden soll. Letztere besitzt bei den zu fordernden Eigenschaften hinsichtlich Anpassung und Verlust nicht die für Handgeräte nach der im genannten Standard zu fordernden Breitbandigkeit.A shortened antenna is required for mobile telephones, especially for handheld devices according to the GSM standard (Group Special Mobile), since the previously customary rod antenna, the length of which should be approximately 8 cm, is to be replaced. The latter does not have the broadband characteristics required for handheld devices in terms of adaptation and loss in terms of adaptation and loss.

Zur Anpassung einer verkürzten linearen Antenne wird meist eine Induktivität zum elektrischen Ausgleich der fehlenden Länge eingesetzt. Durch diese Verlängerungsspule fließt ein großer Strom, so daß schon ein kleiner Verlustwiderstand den Antennenwirkungsgrad in einem für Handgeräte nicht tragbaren Ausmaß herabsetzen kann. Eine verkürzte Antenne läßt sich auch mit einer kapazitiven Belastung der Antennenspitze (Kopfkapazität oder Dachkapazität) in Resonanz bringen und an die Speiseleitung anpassen. Diese Methode der Anpassung verursacht kleinere Verluste und vergrößert die Bandbreite.To adapt a shortened linear antenna, an inductance is usually used to compensate for the missing length. A large current flows through this extension coil, so that even a small loss resistance can reduce the antenna efficiency to an extent that is not acceptable for handheld devices. A shortened antenna can also be resonated with a capacitive load on the antenna tip (head capacity or roof capacity) and adapted to the feed line. This method of adjustment causes smaller losses and increases the bandwidth.

In der DE 22 62 522 C2 wird eine Antenne für Meter- oder Dezimeterwellen nach Art eines Faltunipols mit Dachkapazität vorgeschlagen. Dabei sollen zwei etwa senkrecht zu einer Grundfläche stehende Antennenleiter mit einer als Dachkapazität wirkenden leitenden Scheibe über eine Induktivität verbunden sein. Einer der Antennenleiter ist an die Grundfläche angeschlossen, der andere bildet im Bereich der Grundfläche den Antennenfußpunkt. Kennzeichnenderweise ist die Induktivität bei dieser Ausführung dadurch gebildet, daß die Antennenleiter isoliert durch die Scheibe hindurchgeführt, an der der Grundfläche abgewandten Scheibenseite entlanggeführt und an ihrem jeweiligen Ende galvanisch mit der Scheibe verbunden sind. In einer speziellen Ausführung ist vorgesehen, die Scheibe aus einem Isolierträger, insbesondere Epoxidglas, mit geeigneten Metallisierungen auf beiden Seiten der Scheibe auszubilden. Die zwischen der Scheibe und der Grundfläche stehenden Antennenleiter sind in jedem Fall als drahtförmige Leitungsstücke ausgebildet.DE 22 62 522 C2 describes an antenna for meter or decimeter waves in the manner of a folding unipole Roof capacity suggested. Two antenna conductors, which are approximately perpendicular to a base area, are to be connected to a conductive disk acting as a roof capacitance via an inductor. One of the antenna conductors is connected to the base area, the other forms the antenna base point in the area of the base area. Characteristically, the inductance in this embodiment is formed in that the antenna conductors are passed through the pane in an insulated manner, are guided along the side of the pane facing away from the base area and are galvanically connected to the pane at their respective ends. A special embodiment provides for the pane to be formed from an insulating support, in particular epoxy glass, with suitable metallizations on both sides of the pane. The antenna conductors standing between the pane and the base are in any case designed as wire-shaped line pieces.

Für die geplante Frequenz wird eine derartige Antenne einen etwa zylindrischen Raum von ca. 3 cm Durchmesser und 3 cm Höhe einnehmen. Dies erscheint für handgehaltene Geräte zu groß. Die Antenne ist ferner fertigungstechnisch recht aufwendig, da sie aus einzelnen Teilen, wie Scheibe und Antennenleiter, durch Löten und Vernieten aufgebaut werden muß.Such an antenna will occupy an approximately cylindrical space of approximately 3 cm in diameter and 3 cm in height for the planned frequency. This seems too big for handheld devices. The antenna is also very expensive to manufacture because it has to be built up from individual parts, such as washers and antenna conductors, by soldering and riveting.

Darüber hinaus soll der theoretische Isotropgewinn der Antenne etwa 5 dB betragen, was für eine deutliche Bündelung spricht, und die Bandbreite soll ungefähr 7% bei einem Stehwellenverhältnis von weniger als 2 betragen.In addition, the theoretical isotropic gain of the antenna should be about 5 dB, which speaks for a clear bundling, and the bandwidth should be about 7% with a standing wave ratio of less than 2.

Eine Antenne der einleitend genannten Art ist aus der US 48 76 709 bekannt. Diese Antenne ist für eine Verwendung im Kurzwellenbereich geeignet. Aus dieser vorgesehenen Verwendung resultiert, daß die Antenne wesentlich kleinere Abmessungen als die zugeordnete Wellenlänge aufweist. Die Antenne wird durch eine metallisierte Fläche realisiert, die relativ zur Leiterplatte des Gerätes erregt wird. Die Anpassung erfolgt mit Hilfe von zwei Filtern, von denen eines für den Sender und eines für den Empfänger vorgesehen ist. Durch die Verwendung einer zusätzlich Abschirmplatte ist es möglich, den Einfluß einer Hand des Benutzers auf die Signalübertragung durch eine Anpassung der Antenne zu minimieren. Insbesondere erfolgt hierzu eine Entfernung der benötigten Schalter aus dem Bereich der Antenne.An antenna of the type mentioned in the introduction is known from US 48 76 709. This antenna is suitable for use in the shortwave range. From this Intended use results in the antenna having significantly smaller dimensions than the assigned wavelength. The antenna is realized by a metallized surface, which is excited relative to the circuit board of the device. The adaptation is carried out with the help of two filters, one of which is intended for the transmitter and one for the receiver. By using an additional shielding plate, it is possible to minimize the influence of a user's hand on the signal transmission by adapting the antenna. In particular, the required switches are removed from the area of the antenna.

Aus der US 44 91 843 ist es bekannt, eine Antenne aus einer flachen Metallplatte auszubilden, die über dem metallischen Gehäuse des Gerätes angeordnet wird. Der Abstand der Metallplatte zum Gehäuse ist wesentlich kleiner als die Wellenlänge der zu übertragenden Signale. Zur Anpassung ist eine Induktivität vorgesehen.From US 44 91 843 it is known to form an antenna from a flat metal plate, which is arranged over the metallic housing of the device. The distance between the metal plate and the housing is much smaller than the wavelength of the signals to be transmitted. An inductor is provided for adaptation.

In der GB 11 53 870 wird eine Antenne beschrieben, die einen kapazitiv belasteten Strahler zur Reduktion der erforderlichen Bauhöhe aufweist. Der Betrieb der Antenne erfolgt als Parallelplattenkondensator.GB 11 53 870 describes an antenna that has a capacitively loaded radiator to reduce the required height. The antenna is operated as a parallel plate capacitor.

Aus der GB 20 66 580 ist es bekannt, eine kapazitiv belastete Antenne über einer Scheibe anzuordnen, die als Grundfläche vorgesehen ist. Zur Anpassung wird eine Leitung verwendet, die als Teil eines Filter realisiert sein kann.From GB 20 66 580 it is known to arrange a capacitively loaded antenna over a pane which is provided as the base. A line is used for adaptation, which can be implemented as part of a filter.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Antenne der einleitend genannten Art derart zu konstruieren, daß bei einem kompakten und preiswerten Aufbau eine qualitativ hochwertige Signalübertragung erfolgen kann.The object of the present invention is to construct an antenna of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that that high quality signal transmission can take place with a compact and inexpensive construction.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Antenne mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an antenna with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne wird als kurze lineare Antenne mit Kopfkapazität ausgeführt. Am Antennenfußpunkt ist eine Verlängerungsspule vorgesehen, die zusammen mit der Kopfkapazität den Frequenzbereich der Antenne bestimmt. Zur Anpassung der Antenne an die Impedanz der Speiseleitung wird die Verlängerungsspule mit einem Abgriff versehen (Spartransformator). Die Speisung erfolgt dann zwischen dem Fußpunkt und dem Abgriff der Verlängerungsspule. Eine Verwendung kann insbesondere im Frequenzbereich zwischen 875 und 960 Mhz erfolgen.The antenna according to the invention is designed as a short linear antenna with head capacitance. An extension coil is provided at the antenna base, which together with the head capacitance determines the frequency range of the antenna. To adapt the antenna to the impedance of the feed line, the extension coil is provided with a tap (autotransformer). The feed then takes place between the base point and the tap of the extension coil. They can be used in particular in the frequency range between 875 and 960 MHz.

Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 4 betreffen besondere erfindungsgemäße Gestaltungen der Antenne nach Anspruch 1.The subclaims 2 to 4 relate to special configurations of the antenna according to the invention.

Die Kopfkapazität der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne wird insbesondere durch eine flexible Folie gebildet. Als Folie kann eine Metallfolie verwendet werden. Speziell sollen jedoch metallisierte Kunststoffolien zum Einsatz kommen. Vorteilhafterweise wird die metallisierte Folie zur Vergrößerung der Kopfkapazität umgebogen. Die Biegelinie der Folie soll dabei etwa u-förmig sein.The head capacity of the antenna according to the invention is formed in particular by a flexible film. A metal foil can be used as the foil. In particular, however, metallized plastic films are to be used. The metallized film is advantageously bent to increase the head capacity. The bending line of the film should be approximately U-shaped.

Als besonders vorteilhaft wird es angesehen, entweder die gesamte Schaltung bis auf das Antennengegengewicht (z.B. elektrisch leitende Grundfläche) oder auch das Antennengegengewicht selber auf der flexiblen Folie insbesondere aus Kunststoff durch Aufbringen einer Metallisierungsschicht zu realisieren. Bei dieser Ausführung ist dann die Kopfkapazität als relativ großflächiger metallisierter Bereich auf der Folie ausgebildet . Demgegenüber sind Verlängerungsspulen bzw. Spartrafos zur Anpassung als schmalere Leiterbahnen ausgebildet. Die Leiterbahnen werden bis zu den Anschlußpunkten am Antennengegengewicht bzw. dem Mantel einer Koaxialleitung und bis an den Innenleiter der Koaxialleitung geführt. Das Antennengegengewicht ist dann als großflächig metallisierter Bereich auf der flexiblen Kunststoffolie ausgeführt.It is considered to be particularly advantageous to implement either the entire circuit except for the antenna counterweight (for example an electrically conductive base area) or the antenna counterweight itself on the flexible film, in particular made of plastic, by applying a metallization layer. In this embodiment the head capacity is then relative Large-area metallized area formed on the film. In contrast, extension coils or economy transformers are designed to adapt as narrower conductor tracks. The conductor tracks are routed to the connection points on the antenna counterweight or the jacket of a coaxial line and to the inner conductor of the coaxial line. The antenna counterweight is then designed as a large-area metallized area on the flexible plastic film.

In einer speziellen Ausführung ist vorgesehen, das Antennengegengewicht als Sperrtopf auszubilden. Dafür bekommt das Gegengewicht bzw. die leitende Grundfläche einen Durchmesser, der der Hälfte der Wellenlänge der gewünschten Antennenmittenfrequenz entspricht. Wird die Grundfläche nicht eben, sondern gekrümmt ausgeführt, so soll die Oberfläche jeweils nach einem Viertel der Wellenlänge, vom Fußpunkt der Antenne gesehen, enden. Dadurch fließt am Rand der Grundfläche praktisch kein Strom mehr, und die Grundfläche ist elektrisch von dem Speisekabel und dem Gehäuse entkoppelt.A special embodiment provides for the antenna counterweight to be designed as a locking pot. For this purpose, the counterweight or the conductive base area has a diameter that corresponds to half the wavelength of the desired antenna center frequency. If the base surface is not designed to be flat, but curved, the surface should end after a quarter of the wavelength, as seen from the base point of the antenna. As a result, practically no more current flows at the edge of the base area, and the base area is electrically decoupled from the supply cable and the housing.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführung wird der Sperrtopf als Teil des Gehäuses des Sende- und Empfangsgerätes ausgebildet.In a further advantageous embodiment, the locking pot is formed as part of the housing of the transmitting and receiving device.

Durch Verwendung eines Sperrtopfes wird insbesondere auch die Empfindlichkeit der Antenne gegen ein Verstimmen durch Bewegung des Handgerätes bzw. auch durch die Handhabung selbst verringert.By using a locking pot, the sensitivity of the antenna to detuning due to movement of the hand-held device or also due to the handling itself is reduced in particular.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne mit Kopfkapazität wird insbesondere für Handgeräte für die Kommunikation nach dem GSM-Standard verwendet.The antenna with head capacity according to the invention is used in particular for handheld devices for communication according to the GSM standard.

Eine detaillierte Beschreibung der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne erfolgt exemplarisch anhand eines Ausführungsbeipiels.A detailed description of the antenna according to the invention is given by way of example using an exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Antenne,
Figur 2
Seitenansichten,
Figur 3
eine weitere Seitenansicht
Figur 4
eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Antenne mit nicht gefalteter Kopfkapazität,
Figur 5
ein vereinfachtes Ersatzschaltbild,
Figur 6
eine äquivalente Schaltung zu dem vereinfachten Ersatzschalbild nach Figur 5.
Show it:
Figure 1
2 shows a perspective view of an antenna according to the invention,
Figure 2
Side views,
Figure 3
another side view
Figure 4
an enlarged view of the antenna with unfolded head capacity,
Figure 5
a simplified equivalent circuit diagram,
Figure 6
an equivalent circuit to the simplified equivalent circuit diagram of Figure 5.

Die Antenne nach Figur 1 ist über einem als elektrisch leitfähige Kappe ausgebildeten Antennengegengewicht (1) angeordnet. Die Antenne wird gebildet aus der Kopfkapazität (2) in Form der umgebogenen leitfähigen Fläche, der etwa s-förmigen Verlängerungsspule (3) und dem Abgriff (5). Die etwa s-förmige Verlängerungsspule (3) ist einerseits mit der Kopfkapazität (2), andererseits mit dem Antennengegengewicht (1) am Antennenfußpunkt (4) verbunden. Der Antennenfußpunkt (4) ist an den Außenleiter eines als Speisekabel ausgebildeten Koaxialkabels (7) angeschlossen. Der Abgriff (5) ist mit dem Innenleiter des Speisekabels verbunden.The antenna according to FIG. 1 is arranged above an antenna counterweight (1) designed as an electrically conductive cap. The antenna is formed from the head capacitance (2) in the form of the bent conductive surface, the approximately S-shaped extension coil (3) and the tap (5). The approximately S-shaped extension coil (3) is connected on the one hand to the head capacitance (2) and on the other hand to the antenna counterweight (1) at the antenna base (4). The antenna base (4) is connected to the outer conductor of a coaxial cable (7) designed as a feed cable. The tap (5) is connected to the inner conductor of the feed cable.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Antenne in einer bevorzugten Ausführung als gedruckte Schaltung auf einem als flexible Folie ausgebildeten Substrat (6) realisiert. Auf dem Substrat (6) sind die Kopfkapazität (2), die Verlängerungsspule (3) und der Abgriff (5) angeordnet.According to the invention, the antenna is in a preferred embodiment as a printed circuit on an as flexible film trained substrate (6) realized. The head capacitance (2), the extension coil (3) and the tap (5) are arranged on the substrate (6).

Das Substrat (6) wird gemäß Figur 4 um eine Linie (9) gefaltet, um die Kopfkapazität (2) zu vergrößern.The substrate (6) is folded according to FIG. 4 by a line (9) in order to increase the head capacity (2).

Nach Figur 2 und 3 ist die Antenne mit dem gefalteten Substrat (6) in einer Kunststoffkappe (8) angeordnet. Die Kunststoffkappe (8) sitzt auf einem Sockel (10), in dem ein in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellter Anschlußstecker zu dem Koaxialkabel (7) angeordnet sein kann. Der Anschlußstecker liegt vorzugsweise im Inneren des kappenförmigen Antennengegengewichts (1). Die Höhe der Kunststoffkappe (8) beträgt in einer speziellen Ausführung 27 mm und die Höhe des Antennengegengewichts (1) mit Sockel (10) in einer speziellen Ausführung 70 mm. Die Kunststoffkappe (8) hat an ihrem oberen Ende in einer speziellen Ausführung eine Breite von etwa 25 mm.According to FIGS. 2 and 3, the antenna with the folded substrate (6) is arranged in a plastic cap (8). The plastic cap (8) sits on a base (10), in which a connector (not shown in the drawing) for the coaxial cable (7) can be arranged. The connector is preferably inside the cap-shaped antenna counterweight (1). The height of the plastic cap (8) is 27 mm in a special version and the height of the antenna counterweight (1) with base (10) in a special version is 70 mm. The plastic cap (8) has a width of about 25 mm at its upper end in a special version.

Das Antennengegengewicht (1) wird bei der in diesem Beispiel dargestellten Ausführung entweder als Metallisierung der Kunststoffschale des Funktelefons ausgebildet, oder als ein in die Kunststoffschale des Funktelefons eingebrachtes Blechteil realisiert.In the embodiment shown in this example, the antenna counterweight (1) is either designed as a metallization of the plastic shell of the radio telephone or as a sheet metal part inserted into the plastic shell of the radio telephone.

Figur 5 zeigt ein stark vereinfachtes Ersatzschaltbild der Antenne. Die Kapazität C repräsentiert die Kopfkapazität (2). Der Strahlungswiderstand ist Rs, und die Verluste der Antenne sind in Rv zusammengefaßt. Die Verlängerungsspule mit Abgriff wird durch die Induktivitäten L1 und L2 und die Gegeninduktivität M dargestellt, und links (angedeutet durch den Pfeil) ist die speisende 50-Ohm-Leitung gezeigt. Figur 6 zeigt eine äquivalente Schaltung mit idealem Übertrager und separater Induktivität. Das Übersetzungsverhältnis des Überträgers ist ü.Figure 5 shows a highly simplified equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna. The capacity C represents the head capacity (2). The radiation resistance is Rs and the antenna losses are summarized in Rv. The extension coil with tap is represented by the inductances L1 and L2 and the mutual inductance M, and on the left (indicated by the arrow) the feeding 50-ohm line is shown. Figure 6 shows an equivalent circuit with an ideal transformer and separate inductance. The transmission ratio of the transmitter is ü.

Die Eingangsimpedanz der Schaltung ist

Z = ü² (jwL - j/wC + Rv + Rs)

Figure imgb0001


Für die Mittenfrequenz (w = 2Pi x 930 MHz) wird der Imaginärteil (j) zu Null. Eine soweit verkürzte Antenne hat einen Strahlungswiderstand von etwa 10 Ohm, und der Verlustwiderstand ist etwa 1 Ohm. Zur Anpassung an eine 50-Ohm-Speiseleitung ist dann ein Übertragungsverhältnis von
Figure imgb0002
ü = 2,1
Figure imgb0003

erforderlich. Die gemessene Kopfkapazität (2) beträgt etwa 5 pF, und die Induktivität der Verlängerungsspule muß dann bei verschwindendem Imaginärteil

L = 5,9 nH
Figure imgb0004

sein. Es ergibt sich für ein Stehwellenverhältnis vswr < 2 eine Bandbreite von 20%. Der Wirkungsgrad (n) berechnet sich mit
Figure imgb0005
zu 91%, was einem Gewinn von - 0,4 dB entspricht.The input impedance of the circuit is

Z = ü² (jwL - j / wC + Rv + Rs)
Figure imgb0001

For the center frequency (w = 2Pi x 930 MHz) the imaginary part (j) becomes zero. A shortened antenna has a radiation resistance of approximately 10 ohms and the loss resistance is approximately 1 ohm. In order to adapt to a 50-ohm feed line, a transmission ratio of
Figure imgb0002
ü = 2.1
Figure imgb0003

required. The measured head capacitance (2) is about 5 pF, and the inductance of the extension coil must then with a disappearing imaginary part

L = 5.9 nH
Figure imgb0004

be. A bandwidth of 20% results for a standing wave ratio vswr <2. The efficiency (n) is also calculated
Figure imgb0005
91%, which corresponds to a gain of - 0.4 dB.

Die gemessenen Werte sind:

  • Bandbreite für vswr < 1,5 875 bis 980 MHz entsprechend 11%
  • Bandbreite für vswr < 2 850 bis 1030 MHz entsprechend 19%
  • Strahlungsleistung bezogen auf einen Halbwellendipol ca. - 1 dB entsprechend 80% Wirkungsgrad
  • Abweichung von der Rundstrahlcharakteristik in der Horizontalen bei vertikaler Polarisation: +/- 1 dB. Dieser Wert hängt stark von der Symmetrie der gesamten Anordnung und besonders des Gegengewichtes ab.
The measured values are:
  • Bandwidth for vswr <1.5 875 to 980 MHz corresponding to 11%
  • Bandwidth for vswr <2 850 to 1030 MHz corresponding to 19%
  • Radiant power based on a half-wave dipole approx. - 1 dB corresponding to 80% efficiency
  • Deviation from the omnidirectional characteristic in the horizontal with vertical polarization: +/- 1 dB. This value strongly depends on the symmetry of the entire arrangement and especially the counterweight.

Claims (4)

Antenne, die mit einer Kopfkapazität und einem Antennengegengewicht versehen ist und bei der an einem Fußpunkt eine Verlängerungsspule angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kopfkapazität (2) als metallisierte Schicht auf einer Folie ausgebildet ist und die Folie zur Vergrößerung der Kopfkapazität (2) umgebogen ist und die Verlängerungsspule (3) zur Anpassung an eine Impedanz eines als Anschlußleitung vorgesehenen Koaxialkabels (7) einen Abgriff (5) zur Ausbildung eines Spartrafos aufweist sowie die Verlängerungsspule (3) zum einen mit der Kopfkapazität (2) und zum anderen mit dem Antennengegengewicht (1) verbunden ist.Antenna which is provided with a head capacitance and an antenna counterweight and in which an extension coil is arranged at a base point, characterized in that the head capacitance (2) is designed as a metallized layer on a film and the film is bent to increase the head capacity (2) is and the extension coil (3) for adapting to an impedance of a coaxial cable (7) provided as a connection has a tap (5) to form an economy transformer and the extension coil (3) on the one hand with the head capacitance (2) and on the other hand with the antenna counterweight (1) is connected. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Folie, die die Kopfkapazität (2) trägt, auch der Spartrafo und die Verlängerungsspule (3) als metallisierte Schichten angeordnet sind.Antenna according to Claim 1, characterized in that the energy-saving transformer and the extension coil (3) are also arranged as metallized layers on the film which bears the head capacitance (2). Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Antennengegengewicht als Sperrtopf ausgebildet ist.Antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the antenna counterweight is designed as a locking pot. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sperrtopf als Teil des Gehäuses des Sende/Empfangsgerätes ausgebildet ist.Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the locking pot is designed as part of the housing of the transceiver.
EP92105739A 1991-04-19 1992-04-03 Antenna with top loading capacity for a mobile telephone Expired - Lifetime EP0509339B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4113277A DE4113277C2 (en) 1991-04-19 1991-04-19 Antenna for a mobile phone
DE4113277 1991-04-19

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EP0509339A1 true EP0509339A1 (en) 1992-10-21
EP0509339B1 EP0509339B1 (en) 1995-03-01

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EP (1) EP0509339B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE119319T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4113277C2 (en)
DK (1) DK0509339T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2072042T3 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2323476A (en) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-23 David Ganeshmoorthy Communication antenna
EP0989629A1 (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-03-29 Nippon Antena Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular antenna
US6246371B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2001-06-12 Allgon Ab Wide band antenna means incorporating a radiating structure having a band form
WO2002037600A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-10 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) End-fed antenna with counterpoise for a mobile terminal
EP1451896A1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2004-09-01 Young Joon Kim Nx antenna for wireless communication
EP0937313B1 (en) * 1996-11-05 2005-04-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Small antenna for portable radio equipment

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19707535A1 (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-08-27 Rothe Lutz Dr Ing Habil Foil emitter
SE513469C2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2000-09-18 Allgon Ab An adapted antenna device and a portable radio communication device comprising an adapted antenna device

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GB2066580A (en) * 1979-12-22 1981-07-08 Polytechnic Marine Ltd Antenna
US4328501A (en) * 1980-04-23 1982-05-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Small broadband antennas using lossy matching networks
EP0056923A2 (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-08-04 Thomson-Csf Antenna having small dimensions
US4876709A (en) * 1988-09-08 1989-10-24 Dynascan Corporation Antenna for cordless telephone system
EP0348187A2 (en) * 1988-06-24 1989-12-27 Nec Corporation Protective casing for a hand-held portable radio telephone

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GB1153870A (en) * 1966-06-09 1969-05-29 Walter Karl Volkers Improvements in or relating to Antennas
BE792553A (en) * 1971-12-22 1973-06-12 Lannionnais Electronique LOW DIMENSIONAL RADIOELECTRIC ANTENNA

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2066580A (en) * 1979-12-22 1981-07-08 Polytechnic Marine Ltd Antenna
US4328501A (en) * 1980-04-23 1982-05-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Small broadband antennas using lossy matching networks
EP0056923A2 (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-08-04 Thomson-Csf Antenna having small dimensions
EP0348187A2 (en) * 1988-06-24 1989-12-27 Nec Corporation Protective casing for a hand-held portable radio telephone
US4876709A (en) * 1988-09-08 1989-10-24 Dynascan Corporation Antenna for cordless telephone system

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0937313B1 (en) * 1996-11-05 2005-04-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Small antenna for portable radio equipment
GB2323476A (en) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-23 David Ganeshmoorthy Communication antenna
GB2323476B (en) * 1997-03-20 2002-01-16 David Ganeshmoorthy Communication antenna and equipment
US6246371B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2001-06-12 Allgon Ab Wide band antenna means incorporating a radiating structure having a band form
EP0989629A1 (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-03-29 Nippon Antena Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular antenna
WO2002037600A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-10 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) End-fed antenna with counterpoise for a mobile terminal
EP1451896A1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2004-09-01 Young Joon Kim Nx antenna for wireless communication
EP1451896A4 (en) * 2001-10-31 2005-07-27 Young Joon Kim Nx antenna for wireless communication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0509339B1 (en) 1995-03-01
DE4113277A1 (en) 1992-10-22
DE59201497D1 (en) 1995-04-06
ES2072042T3 (en) 1995-07-01
ATE119319T1 (en) 1995-03-15
DK0509339T3 (en) 1995-07-10
DE4113277C2 (en) 1996-08-08

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