EP0505950B1 - Blade for slicing an elongated product - Google Patents
Blade for slicing an elongated product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0505950B1 EP0505950B1 EP92104926A EP92104926A EP0505950B1 EP 0505950 B1 EP0505950 B1 EP 0505950B1 EP 92104926 A EP92104926 A EP 92104926A EP 92104926 A EP92104926 A EP 92104926A EP 0505950 B1 EP0505950 B1 EP 0505950B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutter
- knife
- cutting edge
- length
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
- B26D2001/0046—Cutting members therefor rotating continuously about an axis perpendicular to the edge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
- B26D2001/0053—Cutting members therefor having a special cutting edge section or blade section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
- B26D2001/006—Cutting members therefor the cutting blade having a special shape, e.g. a special outline, serrations
Definitions
- the invention relates to a knife for cutting a strand of material into slices with a spiral cutting edge extending over approximately 150 ° to 360 °.
- the maximum radius difference of the cutting edge corresponds at least to the maximum diameter of the material strand, so that with each revolution of the knife the cutting edge passes the entire cross section of the material strand and cuts off a complete disk from the material strand.
- the knife is fixed against rotation on a drive shaft arranged perpendicular to its plane and oriented essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the material strand.
- Such a knife is known for example from DE 38 33 596 C2 and has proven particularly useful for cutting sausage strands into slices. If, on the other hand, knives of this type are to be used to cut food strands, such as bread, into slices that oppose the knife with greater frictional forces than meat and sausage products, it is necessary to provide the knife sides with an oil film. With this it succeeds the frictional resistance between bread and To reduce knives and also to prevent that, particularly in the case of fresh goods, parts of the material to be cut stick to the knife sides, which consequently increase the frictional resistance and even damage the rest of the material to be cut.
- the oil film to be constantly renewed not only requires a complex oiling system with an exactly adjustable dosage, but also leads to contamination of the cutting area due to the oil particles thrown away by the rotating knife. This can then only be cleaned thoroughly with considerable time and effort. In order to counter the risk of mold formation, thorough cleaning work must be carried out at relatively short intervals.
- the invention has for its object to provide a knife of the type described in such a way that, without an oiling system, frictional forces between the side surfaces of the knife and the material to be cut are reduced to a minimum and, in particular, no parts of the material to be cut stick to the side surfaces of the knife .
- the disk which is being formed is not opposed by any force acting in the direction of the crop strand, the disk which is completely cut off from the crop strand experiences a largely freely acting impulse through the rotating knife, by means of which the disk is pushed even further away from the side face of the knife. Accelerated in this way, the disc can be passed through a discharge chute and, for example, into a packaging bag.
- the outer edge strip of the knife forming the cutting edge is angled 5 ° to 9 °, preferably 7 °, to the side surface of the knife facing away from the cut surface of the strand.
- the cutting edge is formed by a chamfer which is ground on the side surface of the knife facing away from the cut surface of the material strand at an angle of 25 ° to 35 °, preferably 30 °, to the plane of the knife.
- the chamfer according to the invention on the side surface of the knife facing away from the cut surface of the strand of material ensures that only the cutting edge of the knife comes into contact with the cut surface of the strand of material and that all other knife areas maintain a distance from the cut surface of the strand of material.
- the cutting edge protrudes 2 mm to 4 mm, preferably 3 mm, beyond the side surface of the knife facing the cut surface of the material strand.
- an embodiment of the invention provides that the outer edge strip of the knife forming the cutting edge is 20 mm to 30 mm, preferably 25 mm wide, so that when the edge strip is bent by 7 °, the cutting edge protrudes 3 mm beyond the relevant side surface of the knife can.
- a knife 1 which is provided with a bore 2 for attachment to a drive shaft, not shown, is used to cut a strand of material.
- the knife 1 has a spiral-shaped cutting edge 3. Since the smallest radius is approximately 115 mm and the largest radius is approximately 310 mm, it is possible to change the vertical distance between the drive shaft and a material strand arranged parallel to it and also not shown Completely cut off panes whose maximum cross-sectional dimension does not exceed the radius difference.
- the knife 1 is surrounded by an outer edge strip 4 with a width of approximately 25 mm, which is angled 7 ° to the side facing away from the cut surface of the strand.
- a chamfer 5 is ground on the same side of the knife at an angle of approximately 30 °.
- the design of the knife 1 ensures that the cutting edge 3 protrudes from the side surface of the knife facing the crop strand by about 3 mm and only the cutting edge 3 of the knife 1 comes into contact with the cut surface of the crop strand.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
- Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
- Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Messer zum Schneiden eines Gutsstranges in Scheiben mit einer spiralförmigen, sich über etwa 150° bis 360° erstreckenden Schneidkante. Die maximale Radiendifferenz der Schneidkante entspricht mindestens dem maximalen Durchmesser des Gutsstranges, so daß bei jeder Messerumdrehung die Schneidkante den gesamten Querschnitt des Gutsstranges passiert und eine vollständige Scheibe vom Gutsstrang abschneidet. Das Messer sitzt verdrehfest auf einer senkrecht zu seiner Ebene angeordneten, im wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse des Gutsstranges ausgerichteten Antriebswelle.The invention relates to a knife for cutting a strand of material into slices with a spiral cutting edge extending over approximately 150 ° to 360 °. The maximum radius difference of the cutting edge corresponds at least to the maximum diameter of the material strand, so that with each revolution of the knife the cutting edge passes the entire cross section of the material strand and cuts off a complete disk from the material strand. The knife is fixed against rotation on a drive shaft arranged perpendicular to its plane and oriented essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the material strand.
Ein derartiges Messer ist beispielsweise aus der DE 38 33 596 C2 bekannt und hat sich insbesondere zum Schneiden von Wurststrängen in Scheiben bewährt. Sollen dagegen mit Messern dieser Art Nahrungsmittelstränge, wie beispielsweise Brot, in Scheiben geschnitten werden, die dem Messer größere Reibungskräfte als Fleisch- und Wurstwaren entgegensetzen, ist es erforderlich, die Messerseiten mit einem Ölfilm zu versehen. Mit diesem gelingt es, den Reibungswiderstand zwischen Brot und Messer zu reduzieren und auch zu verhindern, daß insbesondere bei frischer Ware auf den Messerseiten Teile des Schneidguts zunehmend klebenbleiben, diese folglich den Reibungswiderstand noch erhöhen und sogar das übrige Schneidgut beschädigen. Der laufend zu erneuernde Ölfilm erfordert aber nicht nur ein aufwendiges Beölungssystem mit einer exakt einstellbaren Dosierung, sondern führt darüber hinaus infolge der vom rotierenden Messer weggeschleuderten Ölpartikel zu einer Verunreinigung des Schneidraumes. Dieser läßt sich daraufhin nur mit erheblichem Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand gründlich reinigen. Um der Gefahr einer Schimmelbildung zu begegnen, sind gründliche Reinigungsarbeiten in verhältnismäßig kurzen Intervallen durchzuführen.Such a knife is known for example from DE 38 33 596 C2 and has proven particularly useful for cutting sausage strands into slices. If, on the other hand, knives of this type are to be used to cut food strands, such as bread, into slices that oppose the knife with greater frictional forces than meat and sausage products, it is necessary to provide the knife sides with an oil film. With this it succeeds the frictional resistance between bread and To reduce knives and also to prevent that, particularly in the case of fresh goods, parts of the material to be cut stick to the knife sides, which consequently increase the frictional resistance and even damage the rest of the material to be cut. The oil film to be constantly renewed not only requires a complex oiling system with an exactly adjustable dosage, but also leads to contamination of the cutting area due to the oil particles thrown away by the rotating knife. This can then only be cleaned thoroughly with considerable time and effort. In order to counter the risk of mold formation, thorough cleaning work must be carried out at relatively short intervals.
Aus der US-A 3,969,966 ist zum Schneiden von Fleischprodukten eine Vorrichtung bekannt, die ein Messer der eingangs beschriebenen Art aufweist, das mit einer Schneidkante versehen ist, welche durch beidseitig am Messer angeschliffenen Fasen gebildet ist. Die Fase auf der dem Gutsstrang zugewandten Seite des Messers bildet eine Kreisfläche, die vollständig mit der Schnittfläche des Gutsstranges in Berührung kommt. Infolgedessen entstehen unerwünschte Reibungskräfte zwischen dem Messer und dem Gutsstrang.From US-A 3,969,966 a device for cutting meat products is known which has a knife of the type described at the outset, which is provided with a cutting edge which is formed by bevels ground on both sides of the knife. The chamfer on the side of the knife facing the crop strand forms a circular area which comes completely into contact with the cut surface of the crop strand. As a result, undesirable frictional forces arise between the knife and the material strand.
Schließlich ist aus der DE-A-3304270 eine Schneidmaschine mit einem Rundmesser bekannt, das flach kreistellerförmig ausgebildet ist und welches mit der Ebene einer Anstellplatte einen spitzen Winkel einschließenden Randbereich aufweist. Auch bei dieser Schneidmaschine verursacht die Ausbildung des Messerrandbereichs Reibungskräfte zwischen dem Messer und dem Gutsstrang.Finally, from DE-A-3304270 a cutting machine with a circular knife is known, which has a flat circular plate shape and which has an edge area enclosing an acute angle with the plane of a positioning plate. With this cutting machine too, the formation of the knife edge region causes frictional forces between the knife and the material strand.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Messer der eingangs beschriebenen Art so auszubilden, daß unter Verzicht auf ein Beölungssystem dennoch Reibungskräfte zwischen den Seitenflächen des Messers und dem Schneidgut auf ein Minimum reduziert werden und insbesondere auch an den Seitenflächen des Messers keine Teile des Schneidguts haftenbleiben.The invention has for its object to provide a knife of the type described in such a way that, without an oiling system, frictional forces between the side surfaces of the knife and the material to be cut are reduced to a minimum and, in particular, no parts of the material to be cut stick to the side surfaces of the knife .
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird von einem Messer der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten gattungsgemäßen Art ausgegangen, welches erfindungsgemäß die im kennzeichnenden Teil desselben angegebenen Merkmale aufweist.To solve this problem, a knife of the generic type mentioned in the preamble of
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Abwinkelung des die Schneidkante bildenden Außenrandstreifens des Messers in Richtung zur Schnittfläche des Gutsstranges kommt dieser nur mit der Schneidkante in Berührung, während die dem Gutsstrang zugewandte Seitenfläche des Messers einen Abstand zur Schnittfläche einhält und insoweit keinerlei Reibung am Gutsstrang unterliegt. Unterdessen wird die sich auf der dem Gutsstrang abgewandten Seitenfläche des Messers bildende Scheibe infolge der Keilwirkung des abgewinkelten Außenrandstreifens des Messers von diesem zunehmend abgelenkt und somit daran gehindert, an der betreffenden Seitenfläche des Messers zu schleifen. Da der sich bildenden Scheibe keine in Richtung auf den Gutsstrang wirkende Kraft entgegensteht, erfährt die vollständig vom Gutsstrang abgeschnittene Scheibe durch das rotierende Messer einen sich weitgehend frei auswirkenden Impuls, durch den die Scheibe noch weiter von der Seitenfläche des Messers weggestoßen wird. So beschleunigt, kann die Scheibe durch einen Abführschacht geleitet werden und beispielsweise in einen Verpackungsbeutel gelangen.Due to the inventive angling of the outer edge strip of the knife forming the cutting edge in the direction of the cut surface of the material strand, this comes into contact only with the cutting edge, while the side surface of the knife facing the material strand maintains a distance from the cut surface and is therefore not subject to any friction on the material strand. In the meantime, the disk forming on the side surface of the knife facing away from the material strand is increasingly deflected by the knife due to the wedge effect of the angled outer edge strip of the knife and is thus prevented from grinding on the relevant side surface of the knife. Since the disk which is being formed is not opposed by any force acting in the direction of the crop strand, the disk which is completely cut off from the crop strand experiences a largely freely acting impulse through the rotating knife, by means of which the disk is pushed even further away from the side face of the knife. Accelerated in this way, the disc can be passed through a discharge chute and, for example, into a packaging bag.
Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der die Schneidkante bildende Außenrandstreifen des Messers 5° bis 9°, vorzugsweise 7° zur der Schnittfläche des Stranges abgewandten Seitenfläche des Messers abgewinkelt.According to one embodiment of the invention, the outer edge strip of the knife forming the cutting edge is angled 5 ° to 9 °, preferably 7 °, to the side surface of the knife facing away from the cut surface of the strand.
Durch Versuche konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß durch eine sehr geringfügige Abwinkelung des Außenrandstreifens des Messers die angestrebte Wirkung sich voll entfalten läßt.Experiments have shown that the desired effect can be fully developed by bending the outer edge strip of the knife very slightly.
Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Schneidkante durch eine Fase gebildet, welche auf der der Schnittfläche des Gutsstranges abgewandten Seitenfläche des Messers in einem Winkel von 25° bis 35°, vorzugsweise 30° zur Ebene des Messers angeschliffen ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the cutting edge is formed by a chamfer which is ground on the side surface of the knife facing away from the cut surface of the material strand at an angle of 25 ° to 35 °, preferably 30 °, to the plane of the knife.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Fase auf der der Schnittfläche des Gutsstranges abgewandten Seitenfläche des Messers ist sichergestellt, daß allein die Schneidkante des Messers mit der Schnittfläche des Gutsstranges in Berührung kommt und alle übrigen Messerbereiche einen Abstand zur Schnittfläche des Gutsstranges einhalten.The chamfer according to the invention on the side surface of the knife facing away from the cut surface of the strand of material ensures that only the cutting edge of the knife comes into contact with the cut surface of the strand of material and that all other knife areas maintain a distance from the cut surface of the strand of material.
Selbst unter Berücksichtigung einer Verformungsneigung des Gutsstranges infolge des vom Messer ausgeübten Schneiddruckes reicht es aus, wenn gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Schneidkante 2 mm bis 4 mm, vorzugsweise 3 mm über die der Schnittfläche des Gutsstranges zugewandte Seitenfläche des Messers vorsteht.Even taking into account a tendency of the material strand to deform as a result of the cutting pressure exerted by the knife, it is sufficient if, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the cutting edge protrudes 2 mm to 4 mm, preferably 3 mm, beyond the side surface of the knife facing the cut surface of the material strand.
Schließlich sieht eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung noch vor, daß der die Schneidkante bildende Außenrandstreifen des Messers 20 mm bis 30 mm, vorzugsweise 25 mm breit ist, so daß bei einer 7°-Abwinkelung des Randstreifens die Schneidkante 3 mm über die betreffende Seitenfläche des Messers vorstehen kann.Finally, an embodiment of the invention provides that the outer edge strip of the knife forming the cutting edge is 20 mm to 30 mm, preferably 25 mm wide, so that when the edge strip is bent by 7 °, the cutting edge protrudes 3 mm beyond the relevant side surface of the knife can.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Messers dargestellt. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine Seitenansicht auf das Messer;
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig 1;
- Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt durch einen abgebrochen dargestellten Außenrandstreifen des Messers in gegenüber den Fig. 1 und 2 vergrößertem Maßstab.
- Fig. 1
- a side view of the knife;
- Fig. 2
- a section along the line II-II of Figure 1;
- Fig. 3
- a section through an outer edge strip of the knife shown broken off in an enlarged scale compared to FIGS. 1 and 2.
Zum Schneiden eines Gutsstranges in Scheiben dient ein Messer 1, das zur Befestigung auf einer nicht dargestellten Antriebswelle mit einer Bohrung 2 versehen ist. Das Messer 1 hat eine spiralförmig verlaufende Schneidkante 3. Da der kleinste Radius etwa 115 mm und der größte Radius etwa 310 mm beträgt, lassen sich ohne eine Veränderung des senkrechten Abstandes zwischen der Antriebswelle und einem parallel zu dieser angeordneten, gleichfalls nicht dargestellten Gutsstrang von diesem Scheiben vollständig abtrennen, deren maximale Querschnittsabmessung die Radiendifferenz nicht überschreitet.A
Das Messer 1 ist von einem Außenrandstreifen 4 mit einer Breite von etwa 25 mm umgeben, der 7° zur der Schnittfläche des Stranges abgewandten Seite abgewinkelt ist. Auf der gleichen Seite des Messers ist in einem Winkel von etwa 30° eine Fase 5 angeschliffen.The
Die Ausbildung des Messers 1 stellt sicher, daß die Schneidkante 3 gegenüber der dem Gutsstrang zugewandten Seitenfläche des Messers um etwa 3 mm vorsteht und nur die Schneidkante 3 des Messers 1 mit der Schnittfläche des Gutsstranges in Berührung kommt.The design of the
Claims (5)
- A cutter (1) for cutting a length of material into slices, having a spiral cutting edge (3) extending over about 150° to 360°, the maximum difference in radius of which corresponds at least to the maximum diameter of the length of material, wherein the cutter (1) is seated rotationally fixed on a shaft disposed perpendicular to its plane and aligned substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the length of material and an outer edge strip (4) of the cutter (1), which forms the cutting edge (3), protrudes at an acute angle out of the plane of the cutter (1) towards the face to be cut of the length of material, characterised in that the cutting edge (3) is formed by a chamfer (5) ground on one side of the cutter (1), which chamfer is situated on the face of the cutter (1) which faces away from the face to be cut of the length of material, so that only the cutting edge (3) of the cutter (1) comes into contact with the face to be cut of the length of material.
- A cutter according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer edge strip (4) of the cutter (1) forming the cutting edge (3) is angled at 5° to 9°, preferably at 7°, to the side face of the cutter (1) facing away from the face to be cut of the length.
- A cutter according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the cutting edge (3) is formed by a chamfer (5) ground at an angle of 25° to 35°, preferably 30°, to the plane of the cutter (1) on the side face of the cutter (1) facing away from the face to be cut of the length of material.
- A cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the cutting edge (3) protrudes 2 mm to 4 mm, preferably 3 mm, beyond the side face of the cutter (1) facing the face to be cut of the length of material.
- A cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the outer edge strip (4) of the cutter (1) forming the cutting edge (3) is 20 mm to 30 mm, preferably 25 mm, wide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9103828U | 1991-03-28 | ||
| DE9103828U DE9103828U1 (en) | 1991-03-28 | 1991-03-28 | Knife for cutting a strand of material into slices |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0505950A1 EP0505950A1 (en) | 1992-09-30 |
| EP0505950B1 true EP0505950B1 (en) | 1995-12-06 |
Family
ID=6865777
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92104926A Revoked EP0505950B1 (en) | 1991-03-28 | 1992-03-21 | Blade for slicing an elongated product |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0505950B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE9103828U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2080362T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT413349B (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2006-02-15 | Kraft Rudolf Dipl Ing | DEVICE FOR CUTTING A GUARD TRANSPORT |
| FR2877253B1 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2006-12-22 | Pascal Leclere | CULTIVATION AND PREPARATION METHOD FOR OBTAINING VEGETABLE EMINCE |
| FR2877254B1 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2008-12-26 | Pascal Leclere | PROCESS FOR CULTIVATION AND PREPARATION FOR OBTAINING VEGETABLE EMINCE |
| DE102013208099A1 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2014-11-06 | Uwe Reifenhäuser | Knife of a bread slicer and method for slicing bread |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3299925A (en) * | 1964-07-16 | 1967-01-24 | Swift & Co | Blade design |
| US3921485A (en) * | 1974-06-25 | 1975-11-25 | Itt | Rotary blade assembly |
| US3969966A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-07-20 | Cashin Systems Corporation | Apparatus for slicing meat products |
| DE3304270A1 (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1984-08-16 | Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart | Cutting machine, especially a domestic cutting machine driven by an electric motor |
| DE3923337A1 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-01-24 | Weber Maschinenbau Gmbh | CUTTING CUTTER |
-
1991
- 1991-03-28 DE DE9103828U patent/DE9103828U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-03-21 DE DE59204536T patent/DE59204536D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1992-03-21 EP EP92104926A patent/EP0505950B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1992-03-21 ES ES92104926T patent/ES2080362T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59204536D1 (en) | 1996-01-18 |
| EP0505950A1 (en) | 1992-09-30 |
| ES2080362T3 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
| DE9103828U1 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
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