EP0495172B1 - Dosing apparatus - Google Patents

Dosing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0495172B1
EP0495172B1 EP91119313A EP91119313A EP0495172B1 EP 0495172 B1 EP0495172 B1 EP 0495172B1 EP 91119313 A EP91119313 A EP 91119313A EP 91119313 A EP91119313 A EP 91119313A EP 0495172 B1 EP0495172 B1 EP 0495172B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
dust
storage container
intermediate storage
line
conveying device
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EP91119313A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0495172A2 (en
EP0495172A3 (en
Inventor
Michael Dr. Malobabic
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Koerting Hannover GmbH
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Koerting Hannover GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for dosing difficult-flowing dusts, in particular fibrous and possibly pollutant-laden wood grinding dusts for dust-firing systems, with an intermediate storage container for receiving the added dust, with a controllable conveying device at the lower end of the intermediate storage container for metered removal of the dust from the intermediate storage container into a Compressed air operated dust feed line leading to the burner.
  • a device for dosing difficult-flowing dusts in particular fibrous and possibly pollutant-laden wood grinding dusts for dust-firing systems
  • an intermediate storage container for receiving the added dust
  • a controllable conveying device at the lower end of the intermediate storage container for metered removal of the dust from the intermediate storage container into a Compressed air operated dust feed line leading to the burner.
  • MDF medium-density fiber
  • the flow properties and the reaction to changes in the external boundary conditions depend very much on the average grain size or fiber length, the bulk density, the moisture content, the cohesion behavior and the compressibility of the dust to be metered.
  • Other boundary conditions that have an aggravating effect on the dosing process are, on the one hand, compliance with the explosion regulations and, on the other hand, the fact that the dosing material has to be dosed into a dust delivery line under excess pressure (up to 1 bar).
  • the associated problem of the existing leakage air laden with dust becomes particularly important when it comes to contaminated dusts, or when dosing takes place in closed rooms and improper leakage air discharge creates dust deposits that pose an increased risk of explosion.
  • the known devices with volumetric dosing do not allow exact burner control when using the fibrous wood grinding dusts mentioned, because the fluctuations in the dust quality (such as, for example, changing the bulk density) cannot be detected with this type of dosing. Furthermore, the known devices have the disadvantage that, due to the decreasing cross-sectional area of the intermediate storage container, bridging occurs relatively easily, as a result of which the metering is completely interrupted, which immediately leads to Burning down leads and can have considerable consequences for the operation of the downstream system. Furthermore, the pressure compensation line in the last-mentioned device has a relatively thin cross section, so that it quickly becomes clogged with dust and thereby prevents pressure compensation.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, from which the preamble of claim 1 is derived, which enables precise metering of heavy-flowing fibrous dusts designed for unattended continuous operation, and in which largely dust-free leakage air discharge he follows.
  • a compensating line connects the discharge of the conveying device and the head end of the intermediate storage container for discharging leakage air escaping from the dust conveying line into the device, that the conveying device with a funnel-less intermediate storage container; the - seen in the direction of flow - is not tapered in its cross section on a gravimetric measuring device for the removed dust, that the outlet of the conveyor into a part of the compensating line forming chute opens and the discharged dust from there reaches the dust conveying line via a second explosion-proof decoupling device, the sinking rate of the dust entrained with the leakage air being greater than the flow rate of the leakage air in the compensating line.
  • the exact, uniform gravimetric fuel metering ensures optimal control of the combustion process.
  • Differential dosing scales are known which allow the gravimetric mass determination of normal, free-flowing bulk materials, but which do not meet the requirements placed on a dust-fired metering device intended for continuous operation, especially not when it is a question of exacting , explosion-proof metering of pollutant-laden, hard-flowing wood sanding dust into a compressed air-operated delivery line.
  • the cross section of the intermediate storage container preferably increases from the filling head to the conveying device, which further reduces the risk of bridging.
  • the upper end of the compensating line opens into the filling head above the dust application, a fine dust filter provided with an outlet opening for the leakage air being arranged at the upper end of the filling head such that it can be emptied into the intermediate storage container.
  • a fine dust filter provided with an outlet opening for the leakage air being arranged at the upper end of the filling head such that it can be emptied into the intermediate storage container.
  • means for equalizing the dust discharge are arranged at the outlet of the conveying device, which preferably consist of rotating shearing knives and counteract an agglomeration of the fibrous fuel dust.
  • the intermediate storage container 1 of the metering device is loaded from above in a vertical or - as shown - in a lateral direction through a filling shaft 15 at certain time intervals with the aid of a filling element (not shown) (e.g. screw conveyor, bucket elevator or the like).
  • the intermediate storage container is fixedly mounted on the screw box of a speed-adjustable precision metering screw 2, and its cross section increases from top to bottom, i.e. it does not have the usual, conically narrowing funnel at the lower end, so that bridging of the dust is practically prevented.
  • the intermediate storage container 1 and the dosing screw 2 form the central unit of the dosing device.
  • the discharge of the dosing screw is evened out with regard to the fibrous fuel dusts that tend to agglomerate with the aid of rotating shear knives 16 and enters the chute 21, which forms the lower part of a compensating line 3 and on which there is a cellular wheel sluice 4, which holds the dust in conveyed a dust conveying line 17 which is operated with compressed air in the direction of arrow 18 and which transports the mixture of compressed air and dust in the direction of arrow 19 to the burner (not shown).
  • the cellular wheel sluice 4 is used for explosion-proof decoupling from the dust delivery line 17 and the intermediate storage container 1.
  • the cellular wheel sluice 4 rotates at a relatively high speed in order to ensure in any case that the largest possible amount of dust discharged from the metering screw 2 gets into the pressurized delivery line 17.
  • the leakage air which forcibly escapes through the rotary valve and the chute 21 into the compensating line 3 is discharged upwards through the line 3, which is designed as a large-sized riser pipe as an extension of the chute.
  • the cross-sectional area of the chute and the riser pipe is dimensioned such that the sinking speed of the dust carried with the leakage air is greater than the flow rate of the leakage air. This has the advantage that a considerable part of the amount of dust contained in the leak air can be separated by sedimentation in the riser pipe and at the same time is returned to the rotary valve 4 below.
  • the residual dust remaining in the leakage air reaches the filling head 6 through the likewise large-sized cross-connection attached to the upper end of the riser pipe, on which a fine dust filter 7 with an outlet opening 20 for the leakage air is arranged at the top.
  • This dust filter is automatically cleaned when a certain degree of contamination is reached by compressed air introduced in the direction of arrow 5.
  • the arrangement of the dust filter on top of the filling head 6 ensures that the amounts of dust cleaned off the filter get directly back into the metering process.
  • This concept has the advantage of an integrated, internal, continuously operating leakage air dust separation and recirculation, so that a separate leakage air dust separation with intermediate storage in additional collecting containers is not necessary.
  • the precision dosing screw 2 including the intermediate storage container 1 firmly connected to it, is mounted on a solid base plate 8, on the underside of which a tip bearing 9 directed through the center of gravity of the unit consisting of dosing screw and intermediate storage container is attached. This is carried out in such a way that the weight force of the metering central unit, which is absorbed in the tip, is introduced directly vertically into a load cell 10. This measures the weight loss per unit of time and regulates the speed of the dosing screw so that the weight loss corresponds to a predetermined target value.
  • Lateral supports with play 11 in the upper area of the intermediate storage container 1 ensure that the unit consisting of the metering screw and intermediate storage container is stably supported in the predetermined vertical position without any significant weight forces being able to be transmitted.
  • the dosing screw outlet is gravimetrically decoupled from the chute 21 and the intermediate storage container 1 from the filling head 6, so that there is no direct contact and no weight forces can be transmitted here either. Sealing against dust leakage from the decoupled areas is ensured by bellows 12 and 13 which are highly flexible in the vertical direction.
  • All components contained in the dosing device including all electrical control and regulation elements (e.g. contactless level monitoring 14, gravimetric measuring device) are accommodated in a compact steel frame, so that the entire device is available as a largely mobile, universally usable compact dosing system.
  • electrical control and regulation elements e.g. contactless level monitoring 14, gravimetric measuring device

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Soy Sauces And Products Related Thereto (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for dosing viscous dusts, in particular fibrous wood-grinding dusts for dust furnaces with an intermediate storage container for receiving the dust charged, with an adjustable conveying device at the lower end of the intermediate storage container for the dosed removal of the dust from the intermediate storage container into a dust extraction line which is acted upon by compressed air and leads to the burner, and with a compensating line between the chute of the conveying device and the head end of the intermediate storage container for removal of leak air which has escaped from the dust extraction line into the device. The invention envisages that the conveying device is mounted with a hopperless intermediate storage container on a gravimetric measuring device for the dust removed, that the outlet of the conveying device opens into a chute forming a part of the compensating line and the dust removed passes from there via a second conveying device, which serves for explosionproof disconnection, into the dust conveying line, and that the cross-sectional area of the compensating line is dimensioned in such a manner that the rate of fall of the dust carried along with the leak air is greater than the flow rate of the leak air in the compensating line. The invention makes it possible to produce a dosing apparatus for viscous dusts for unsupervised continuous operation with an internal continuously operating leak air/dust separation and recycling. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Dosieren von schwerfließenden Stäuben, insbesondere von faserförmigen und gegebenenfalls schadstoffbeladenen Holzschleifstäuben für Staubfeuerungsanlagen, mit einem Zwischenvorratsbehälter zur Aufnahme des aufgegebenen Staubes, mit einer regelbaren Fördervorrichtung am unteren Ende des Zwischenvorratsbehälters zum dosierten Abführen des Staubes aus dem Zwischenvorratsbehälter in eine mit Druckluft betriebene, zum Brenner führende Staubförderleitung. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist aus DE-A-3 320 477 bekannt und arbeitet mit volumetrischer Dosierung.The invention relates to a device for dosing difficult-flowing dusts, in particular fibrous and possibly pollutant-laden wood grinding dusts for dust-firing systems, with an intermediate storage container for receiving the added dust, with a controllable conveying device at the lower end of the intermediate storage container for metered removal of the dust from the intermediate storage container into a Compressed air operated dust feed line leading to the burner. Such a device is known from DE-A-3 320 477 and works with volumetric metering.

Ferner ist eine von der Anmelderin hergestellte und vertriebene für den Betrieb mit Holz- und Braunkohlenstaub ausgelegte Vorrichtung bekannt (Zeitschrift "Energie", Jahrgang 37, Heft 6/85), bei der eine direkt unter einem Staubbunker angeordnete obere Zellenradschleuse für die periodische Befüllung des Zwischenvorratsbehälters sorgt. Das Ein- und Ausschalten der oberen Zellenradschleuse wird über zwei im Abstand übereinander angeordnete Füllstandssonden gesteuert. Eine zweite, unter dem Zwischenvorratsbehälter angeordnete Zellenradschleuse, die ständig fördert, übernimmt die Brennstoffdosierung und deren Einbringung in die mit Druckluft betriebene Staubförderleitung sowie die explosionssichere Entkopplung von Zwischenvorratsbehälter und Staubförderleitung. Zwangsläufig entweicht über die untere Zellenradschleuse Leckluft aus der Staubförderleitung in den Zwischenvorratsbehälter. Um diese Leckluft zu eliminieren, ist eine Druckausgleichsleitung zwischen der Staubförderleitung und dem oberen Ende des Zwischenvorratsbehälters vorgesehen. Die Dosierung bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung erfolgt volumetrisch über die Drehzahl der unteren Zellenradschleuse.Furthermore, a device manufactured and sold by the applicant and designed for operation with wood and lignite dust is known (magazine "Energie", volume 37, issue 6/85), in which an upper cellular wheel lock arranged directly under a dust bunker for the periodic filling of the Intermediate storage container ensures. Switching the upper rotary valve on and off is controlled by two level probes arranged one above the other. A second rotary valve, which is located under the intermediate storage tank and which continuously delivers, takes over the fuel metering and its introduction into the compressed air operated dust delivery line as well as the explosion-proof decoupling of the intermediate storage tank and dust delivery line. Leakage air inevitably escapes from the dust delivery line via the lower rotary valve in the intermediate storage container. In order to eliminate this leakage air, a pressure equalization line is provided between the dust delivery line and the upper end of the intermediate storage container. The metering in this known device is carried out volumetrically via the speed of the lower rotary valve.

Holzschleifstäube, insbesondere die in starkem Maße zunehmend anfallenden faserförmigen Stäube aus der MDF-Plattenherstellung (MDF = mitteldichte Faser) sind im Vergleich zu mineralischen Brennstoffstäuben, z.B. aus Steinkohle oder Braunkohle, wesentlich schwieriger zu dosieren. Die Fließeigenschaften sowie die Reaktion auf Änderungen der äußeren Randbedingungen hängen sehr stark von der mittleren Korngröße bzw. Faserlänge, der Schüttdichte, dem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt, dem Kohäsionsverhalten sowie der Kompressibilität des zu dosierenden Staubes ab. Weitere Randbedingungen, die sich erschwerend auf den Dosierungsprozeß auswirken, sind zum einen die Einhaltung der Explosionsvorschriften und zum anderen die Tatsache, daß das Dosiergut in eine unter Überdruck (bis zu 1 bar) stehende Staubförderleitung hineindosiert werden muß. Das damit verbundene Problem der vorhandenen, mit Staub beladenen Leckluft gewinnt insbesondere dann stark an Bedeutung, wenn es sich um schadstoffbeladene Stäube handelt, oder wenn die Dosierung in geschlossenen Räumen stattfindet und durch unsachgemäße Leckluftableitung Staubablagerungen entstehen, die eine erhöhte Explosionsgefahr in sich bergen.Wood abrasive dusts, in particular the fibrous dusts from MDF board production (MDF = medium-density fiber), which are increasingly being produced, are compared to mineral fuel dusts, e.g. made of hard coal or lignite, much more difficult to dose. The flow properties and the reaction to changes in the external boundary conditions depend very much on the average grain size or fiber length, the bulk density, the moisture content, the cohesion behavior and the compressibility of the dust to be metered. Other boundary conditions that have an aggravating effect on the dosing process are, on the one hand, compliance with the explosion regulations and, on the other hand, the fact that the dosing material has to be dosed into a dust delivery line under excess pressure (up to 1 bar). The associated problem of the existing leakage air laden with dust becomes particularly important when it comes to contaminated dusts, or when dosing takes place in closed rooms and improper leakage air discharge creates dust deposits that pose an increased risk of explosion.

Die bekannten Vorrichtungen mit volumetrischer Dosierung erlauben bei Verwendung der erwähnten faserförmigen Holzschleifstäube keine exakte Brennerregelung, weil die Schwankungen der Staubbeschaffenheit (wie z.B. Änderung der Schüttgutdichte) bei dieser Art der Dosierung nicht erfaßt werden können. Ferner besteht bei den bekannten Vorrichtungen der Nachteil, daß es aufgrund der nach unten hin abnehmenden Querschnittsfläche des Zwischenvorratsbehälters relativ leicht zur Brückenbildung kommt, wodurch die Dosierung gänzlich unterbrochen ist, was unmittelbar zum Brennstillstand führt und mit erheblichen Folgen für den Betrieb der nachgeschalteten Anlage verbunden sein kann. Ferner hat die Druckausgleichsleitung bei der zuletzt genannten Vorrichtung einen verhältnismäßig dünnen Querschnitt, so daß sie sich schnell mit Staub zusetzt und dadurch den Druckausgleich verhindert. Die Folge ist, daß ein Leckluftstrom durch die Zellenradschleuse hindurch entsteht, der sich unkontrolliert seinen Weg von unten durch den im Zwischenvorratsbehälter befindlichen Staub bahnt. Dadurch entstehen je nach Befüllungsgrad des Zwischenvorratsbehälters mehr oder weniger große Luftblasen im zwischengelagerten Staub, die in unregelmäßigen Zeitabständen wieder zerfallen bzw. weiter nach oben entweichen. Dies führt zu einer unterschiedlichen Befüllung der einzelnen Kammern der Zellenradschleuse, wodurch eine gleichmäßige Dosierung behindert wird. Auch eine gleichmäßige Staubeinbringung in die Staubförderleitung bereitet Schwierigkeiten, da die faserförmigen Stäube stark zur Agglomeration neigen.The known devices with volumetric dosing do not allow exact burner control when using the fibrous wood grinding dusts mentioned, because the fluctuations in the dust quality (such as, for example, changing the bulk density) cannot be detected with this type of dosing. Furthermore, the known devices have the disadvantage that, due to the decreasing cross-sectional area of the intermediate storage container, bridging occurs relatively easily, as a result of which the metering is completely interrupted, which immediately leads to Burning down leads and can have considerable consequences for the operation of the downstream system. Furthermore, the pressure compensation line in the last-mentioned device has a relatively thin cross section, so that it quickly becomes clogged with dust and thereby prevents pressure compensation. The result is a leakage air flow through the rotary valve which, in an uncontrolled manner, makes its way from below through the dust in the intermediate storage container. Depending on the degree of filling of the intermediate storage container, this creates more or less large air bubbles in the intermediate storage dust, which disintegrate again at irregular intervals or escape further upwards. This leads to different filling of the individual chambers of the cellular wheel sluice, which hinders even dosing. Even the introduction of dust into the dust conveying line is difficult because the fibrous dusts tend to agglomerate.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art, von der der Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 abgeleitet ist, zu schaffen, die eine für den unbeaufsichtigten Dauerbetrieb ausgelegte, exakte Dosierung von schwerfließenden faserförmigen Stäuben ermöglicht, und bei der eine weitgehend staubfreie Leckluftabführung erfolgt.The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, from which the preamble of claim 1 is derived, which enables precise metering of heavy-flowing fibrous dusts designed for unattended continuous operation, and in which largely dust-free leakage air discharge he follows.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß eine Ausgleichsleitung das Abführende der Fördervorrichtung und das Kopfende des Zwischenvorratsbehälters zur Abführung von aus der Staubförderleitung in die Vorrichtung entwichener Leckluft verbindet, daß die Fördereinrichtung mit einem trichterlosen Zwischenvorratsbehälter; der - in Fließrichtung gesehen - nicht in seinem Querschnitt verjüngt auf einer gravimetrischen Meßeinrichtung für den abgeführten Staub gelagert ist, daß der Auslaß der Fördervorrichtung in einen einen Teil der Ausgleichsleitung bildenden Fallschacht mündet und der abgeführte Staub von dort über eine zur explosionssicheren Entkopplung dienende zweite Fördervorrichtung in die Staubförderleitung gelangt, wobei die Sinkgeschwindigkeit des mit der Leckluft mitgeführten Staubes größer ist als die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Leckluft in der Ausgleichsleitung.The object is achieved according to the invention in that a compensating line connects the discharge of the conveying device and the head end of the intermediate storage container for discharging leakage air escaping from the dust conveying line into the device, that the conveying device with a funnel-less intermediate storage container; the - seen in the direction of flow - is not tapered in its cross section on a gravimetric measuring device for the removed dust, that the outlet of the conveyor into a part of the compensating line forming chute opens and the discharged dust from there reaches the dust conveying line via a second explosion-proof decoupling device, the sinking rate of the dust entrained with the leakage air being greater than the flow rate of the leakage air in the compensating line.

Die exakte gleichmäßige gravimetrische Brennstoffdosierung sorgt für die optimale Regelung des Verbrennungsprozesses. Dadurch, daß der Zwischenvorratsbehälter trichterlos ist, sich also nicht in seinem Querschnitt verjüngt, wird eine Brückenbildung des Staubes verhindert. Von der Leckluft mitgeführter Staub sinkt aufgrund der Abmessungen der Ausgleichsleitung nach unten und gelangt nicht in die Abluft.The exact, uniform gravimetric fuel metering ensures optimal control of the combustion process. The fact that the intermediate storage container is funnel-free, ie does not taper in its cross section, prevents the dust from bridging. Dust carried by the leakage air sinks downwards due to the dimensions of the compensating line and does not get into the exhaust air.

Es sind zwar Differentialdosierwaagen bekannt, die die gravimetrische Massenbestimmung von normalen, gut fließenden Schüttgütern erlauben, die jedoch bei weitem nicht den Anforderungen genügen, die an eine für den Dauerbetrieb vorgesehene Staubfeuerungs-Dosiereinrichtung gestellt werden, insbesondere dann nicht, wenn es sich um die exakte, explosionssichere Dosierung von schadstoffbeladenen, schwerfließenden Holzschleifstäuben in eine mit Druckluft betriebene Förderleitung handelt.Differential dosing scales are known which allow the gravimetric mass determination of normal, free-flowing bulk materials, but which do not meet the requirements placed on a dust-fired metering device intended for continuous operation, especially not when it is a question of exacting , explosion-proof metering of pollutant-laden, hard-flowing wood sanding dust into a compressed air-operated delivery line.

Vorzugsweise vergrößert sich der Querschnitt des Zwischenvorratsbehälters vom Füllkopf zur Fördervorrichtung, was das Risiko einer Brückenbildung weiter vermindert.The cross section of the intermediate storage container preferably increases from the filling head to the conveying device, which further reduces the risk of bridging.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung mündet das obere Ende der Ausgleichsleitung in den Befüllkopf oberhalb der Staubaufgabe, wobei am oberen Ende des Befüllkopfes ein mit einer Austrittsöffnung für die Leckluft versehenes Feinstaubfilter so angeordnet ist, daß es in den Zwischenvorratsbehälter entleerbar ist. Hierdurch werden auch die restlichen, in der Leckluft noch enthaltenen Staubanteile zurückgehalten und dem Zwischenvorratsbehälter wieder zugeführt, so daß eine weitgehend gereinigte Leckluft in die Atmosphäre abgegeben wird.In a further embodiment of the invention, the upper end of the compensating line opens into the filling head above the dust application, a fine dust filter provided with an outlet opening for the leakage air being arranged at the upper end of the filling head such that it can be emptied into the intermediate storage container. As a result, the remaining dust components still contained in the leakage air are retained and returned to the intermediate storage container, so that a largely cleaned leakage air is released into the atmosphere.

Von Vorteil ist, wenn am Auslaß der Fördervorrichtung Mittel zur Vergleichmäßigung des Staubaustrages angeordnet sind, die vorzugsweise aus rotierenden Abschermessern bestehen und einer Agglomeration des faserförmigen Brennstoffstaubes entgegenwirken.It is advantageous if means for equalizing the dust discharge are arranged at the outlet of the conveying device, which preferably consist of rotating shearing knives and counteract an agglomeration of the fibrous fuel dust.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Dosiervorrichtung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment of a metering device shown in the drawing.

Der Zwischenvorratsbehälter 1 der Dosiervorrichtung wird von oben aus in senkrechter oder - wie dargestellt - in seitlicher Richtung durch einen Einfüllschacht 15 in bestimmten Zeitintervallen mit Hilfe eines nicht dargestellten Befüllorgans (z.B. Schneckenförderer, Becherwerk oder dergl.) beschickt. Der Zwischenvorratsbehälter ist fest auf dem Schneckenkasten einer drehzahlregelbaren Präzisions-Dosierschnecke 2 montiert, und sein Querschnitt vergrößert sich von oben nach unten, d.h. er hat nicht den sonst üblichen, sich konisch verengenden Trichter am unteren Ende, so daß eine Brückenbildung des Staubes praktisch verhindert wird. Der Zwischenvorratsbehälter 1 und die Dosierschnecke 2 bilden die Zentraleinheit der Dosiervorrichtung. Der Austrag der Dosierschnecke wird im Hinblick auf die zur Agglomeration neigenden faserförmigen Brennstoffstäube mit Hilfe von rotierenden Abschermessern 16 vergleichmäßigt und gelangt in den Fallschacht 21, der den unteren Teil einer Ausgleichsleitung 3 bildet und an dem sich unten eine Zellenradschleuse 4 befindet, die den Staub in eine Staubförderleitung 17 befördert, die in Richtung des Pfeiles 18 mit Druckluft betrieben wird, und die das Gemisch aus Druckluft und Staub in Richtung des Pfeiles 19 zum nicht dargestellten Brenner transportiert. Die Zellenradschleuse 4 dient zur explosionssicheren Entkopplung von der Staubförderleitung 17 und dem Zwischenvorratsbehälter 1.The intermediate storage container 1 of the metering device is loaded from above in a vertical or - as shown - in a lateral direction through a filling shaft 15 at certain time intervals with the aid of a filling element (not shown) (e.g. screw conveyor, bucket elevator or the like). The intermediate storage container is fixedly mounted on the screw box of a speed-adjustable precision metering screw 2, and its cross section increases from top to bottom, i.e. it does not have the usual, conically narrowing funnel at the lower end, so that bridging of the dust is practically prevented. The intermediate storage container 1 and the dosing screw 2 form the central unit of the dosing device. The discharge of the dosing screw is evened out with regard to the fibrous fuel dusts that tend to agglomerate with the aid of rotating shear knives 16 and enters the chute 21, which forms the lower part of a compensating line 3 and on which there is a cellular wheel sluice 4, which holds the dust in conveyed a dust conveying line 17 which is operated with compressed air in the direction of arrow 18 and which transports the mixture of compressed air and dust in the direction of arrow 19 to the burner (not shown). The cellular wheel sluice 4 is used for explosion-proof decoupling from the dust delivery line 17 and the intermediate storage container 1.

Die Zellenradschleuse 4 dreht mit relativ hoher Drehzahl, um in jedem Fall sicherzustellen, daß auch die größtmögliche, von der Dosierschnecke 2 ausgetragene Staubmenge in die unter Druck stehende Förderleitung 17 gelangt. Die zwangsweise durch die Zellenradschleuse und den Fallschacht 21 in die Ausgleichsleitung 3 entweichende Leckluft wird durch die Leitung 3, die als großflächig dimensioniertes Steigrohr als Verlängerung des Fallschachtes nach oben ausgebildet ist, nach oben abgeführt. Die Querschnittsfläche des Fallschachtes und des Steigrohres ist so bemessen, daß die Sinkgeschwindigkeit des mit der Leckluft mitgeführten Staubes größer ist als die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Leckluft. Das hat den Vorteil, daß bereits im Steigrohr ein erheblicher Teil der in der Leckluft enthaltenen Staubmenge durch Sedimentation abgeschieden werden kann und dabei gleichzeitig wieder in die unten befindliche Zellenradschleuse 4 zurückgeführt wird.The cellular wheel sluice 4 rotates at a relatively high speed in order to ensure in any case that the largest possible amount of dust discharged from the metering screw 2 gets into the pressurized delivery line 17. The leakage air which forcibly escapes through the rotary valve and the chute 21 into the compensating line 3 is discharged upwards through the line 3, which is designed as a large-sized riser pipe as an extension of the chute. The cross-sectional area of the chute and the riser pipe is dimensioned such that the sinking speed of the dust carried with the leakage air is greater than the flow rate of the leakage air. This has the advantage that a considerable part of the amount of dust contained in the leak air can be separated by sedimentation in the riser pipe and at the same time is returned to the rotary valve 4 below.

Der in der Leckluft verbleibende Reststaubanteil gelangt durch die am oberen Ende des Steigrohres angebrachte, ebenfalls großflächig dimensionierte Querverbindung in den Befüllkopf 6, auf dem oben ein Feinstaubfilter 7 mit einer Auslaßöffnung 20 für die Leckluft angeordnet ist. Dieses Staubfilter wird bei Erreichen eines bestimmten Verschmutzungsgrades durch in Richtung des Pfeils 5 stoßartig eingeführte Druckluft selbsttätig abgereinigt. Durch die Anordnung des Staubfilters oben auf dem Befüllkopf 6 ist sichergestellt, daß die vom Filter abgereinigten Staubmengen wieder direkt in den Dosierprozeß gelangen. Dieses Konzept hat den Vorteil einer integrierten, internen, kontinuierlich arbeitenden Leckluft-Staubabscheidung und -Rückführung, so daß eine separate Leckluft-Staubabscheidung mit Staubzwischenlagerung in zusätzlichen Auffangbehältern entfällt.The residual dust remaining in the leakage air reaches the filling head 6 through the likewise large-sized cross-connection attached to the upper end of the riser pipe, on which a fine dust filter 7 with an outlet opening 20 for the leakage air is arranged at the top. This dust filter is automatically cleaned when a certain degree of contamination is reached by compressed air introduced in the direction of arrow 5. The arrangement of the dust filter on top of the filling head 6 ensures that the amounts of dust cleaned off the filter get directly back into the metering process. This concept has the advantage of an integrated, internal, continuously operating leakage air dust separation and recirculation, so that a separate leakage air dust separation with intermediate storage in additional collecting containers is not necessary.

Um die Dosierung mittels gravimetrischer Staubmassenmessung durchführen zu können, ist die Präzisions-Dosierschnecke 2 einschließlich des damit fest verbundenen Zwischenvorratsbehälters 1 auf einer massiven Grundplatte 8 montiert, auf deren Unterseite eine durch den Schwerpunkt der Einheit aus Dosierschnecke und Zwischenvorratsbehälter gerichtete Spitzenlagerung 9 angebracht ist. Diese ist derart ausgeführt, daß die in der Spitze aufgenommene Gewichtskraft der Dosier-Zentraleinheit direkt senkrecht in eine Kraftmeßdose 10 eingeleitet wird. Diese mißt die Gewichtsabnahme pro Zeiteinheit und regelt die Drehzahl der Dosierschnecke so, daß die Gewichtsabnahme mit einem vorgegebenen Sollwert übereinstimmt. Seitliche, spielbehaftete Abstützungen 11 im oberen Bereich des Zwischenvorratsbehälters 1 stellen sicher, daß die Einheit aus Dosierschnecke und Zwischenvorratsbehälter in der vorgegebenen senkrechten Lage stabil gelagert ist, ohne daß dabei nennenswerte Gewichtskräfte übertragen werden können. Der Dosierschnecken-Auslauf ist von dem Fallschacht 21 ebenso wie der Zwischenvorratsbehälter 1 vom Füllkopf 6 gravimetrisch entkoppelt, so daß keine direkte Berührung besteht und auch hier keine Gewichtskräfte übertragen werden können. Die Abdichtung gegen Staubaustritt der entkoppelten Bereiche ist durch in senkrechter Richtung hochflexible Faltenbälge 12 und 13 gewährleistet.In order to be able to carry out the dosing by means of gravimetric dust mass measurement, the precision dosing screw 2, including the intermediate storage container 1 firmly connected to it, is mounted on a solid base plate 8, on the underside of which a tip bearing 9 directed through the center of gravity of the unit consisting of dosing screw and intermediate storage container is attached. This is carried out in such a way that the weight force of the metering central unit, which is absorbed in the tip, is introduced directly vertically into a load cell 10. This measures the weight loss per unit of time and regulates the speed of the dosing screw so that the weight loss corresponds to a predetermined target value. Lateral supports with play 11 in the upper area of the intermediate storage container 1 ensure that the unit consisting of the metering screw and intermediate storage container is stably supported in the predetermined vertical position without any significant weight forces being able to be transmitted. The dosing screw outlet is gravimetrically decoupled from the chute 21 and the intermediate storage container 1 from the filling head 6, so that there is no direct contact and no weight forces can be transmitted here either. Sealing against dust leakage from the decoupled areas is ensured by bellows 12 and 13 which are highly flexible in the vertical direction.

Die Unterbringung aller in der Dosiervorrichtung enthaltenen Komponenten, einschließlich aller elektrischen Steuer- und Regelorgane (z.B. berührungslose Füllstandsüberwachung 14, gravimetrische Meßeinrichtung) erfolgt in einem kompakten Stahlrahmen, so daß die gesamte Vorrichtung als weitgehend mobile, universell einsetzbare Kompakt-Dosieranlage zur Verfügung steht.All components contained in the dosing device, including all electrical control and regulation elements (e.g. contactless level monitoring 14, gravimetric measuring device) are accommodated in a compact steel frame, so that the entire device is available as a largely mobile, universally usable compact dosing system.

Claims (5)

  1. Apparatus for dosing poor-flowing dusts, in particular fibrous wood-grinding dusts, possibly loaded with harmful substances, for dust furnace installations, with an intermediate storage container (1) for receiving the dust which is fed, with a controllable conveying device (2) at the lower end of the intermediate storage container (1) for the dosed removal of the dust from the intermediate storage container (1) into a dust-conveying line (17) which is acted on with compressed air and leads to the burner, characterized in that a compensating line (3) connects the removal end of the conveying device and the head end of the intermediate storage container for removing the leakage air which has escaped from the dust-conveying line into the device, in that the conveying arrangement (2) is, with a funnel-less intermediate storage container which - seen in the direction of flow - does not taper in its cross-section mounted on a gravimetric measuring arrangement (10) for the removed dust, in that the outlet of the conveying device (2) opens into a fall shaft (21) forming a part of the compensating line (3) and the removed dust passes from there into the dust-conveying line (17) via a second conveying device (4) serving for explosion-proof uncoupling, the rate of fall of the dust carried along with the leakage air being greater than the flow rate of the leakage air in the compensating line (3).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the intermediate storage container (1) increases from the filling head (6) to the conveying device (2).
  3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper end of the compensating line (3) opens into the filling head (6) above the dust feed (15), and in that a fine dust filter (7) provided with an outlet opening (20) for the leakage air is arranged at the upper end of the filling head (6) in such a manner that it can be emptied into the intermediate storage container (1).
  4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means (16) for making the dust discharge uniform are arranged at the outlet of the conveying device (2).
  5. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the means (16) consist of rotating shearing cutters.
EP91119313A 1991-01-15 1991-11-13 Dosing apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0495172B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4100943A DE4100943A1 (en) 1991-01-15 1991-01-15 DOSING DEVICE
DE4100943 1991-01-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0495172A2 EP0495172A2 (en) 1992-07-22
EP0495172A3 EP0495172A3 (en) 1992-12-23
EP0495172B1 true EP0495172B1 (en) 1995-03-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91119313A Expired - Lifetime EP0495172B1 (en) 1991-01-15 1991-11-13 Dosing apparatus

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EP (1) EP0495172B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE119263T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4100943A1 (en)
FI (1) FI920126A (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2290603B (en) * 1994-06-03 1998-07-22 Nordistribution Ltd Particle board combustion system and boiler plant
DE10143850C2 (en) * 2001-09-06 2003-07-17 Rwe Rheinbraun Ag Eintragszellenradschleuse
DE102008007033A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dosing system
CN103471127B (en) * 2013-09-30 2017-01-11 桂林美万家竹业有限公司 Fuel conveying device for combustible slag dust boiler

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824937A (en) * 1973-05-04 1974-07-23 Tureo Eng Inc Energy generation system adaptable for burning dust-type fuels
US4373451A (en) * 1981-04-06 1983-02-15 Kennedy Van Saun Corporation Apparatus and method for feeding pulverized solid fuel to a burner
DE3320477A1 (en) * 1983-06-07 1984-12-13 AJO-Stahlbau GmbH & Co KG, 5905 Freudenberg Metering device for pulverulent bulk goods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59104802D1 (en) 1995-04-06
ATE119263T1 (en) 1995-03-15
DE4100943A1 (en) 1992-07-16
EP0495172A2 (en) 1992-07-22
EP0495172A3 (en) 1992-12-23
FI920126A (en) 1992-07-16
FI920126A0 (en) 1992-01-13

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