EP0489056B1 - Ignition distributor for internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Ignition distributor for internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0489056B1 EP0489056B1 EP90912410A EP90912410A EP0489056B1 EP 0489056 B1 EP0489056 B1 EP 0489056B1 EP 90912410 A EP90912410 A EP 90912410A EP 90912410 A EP90912410 A EP 90912410A EP 0489056 B1 EP0489056 B1 EP 0489056B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- rotor
- distributor according
- ignition distributor
- pinlike
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
- F02P7/02—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of distributors
- F02P7/021—Mechanical distributors
- F02P7/022—Details of the distributor rotor or electrode
Definitions
- the invention is based on an ignition distributor for internal combustion engines with a housing in which a distributor rotor is rotatably mounted, which rotor has a first electrode close to its axis of rotation and a second electrode at its end remote from the axis of rotation and an electrical line connecting the two electrodes therebetween , and with a distributor cap which closes the housing and which has a plurality of fixed electrodes which cooperate with the second electrode of the distributor rotor and a center electrode which is distributed around its circumference and ends with a spark gap forming a short distance from the first electrode of the distributor rotor, wherein in the pair of electrodes formed from the first electrode of the distributor rotor and the center electrode, an electrode is designed in the form of a pin.
- the electrodes of the spark gap are not subject to mechanical wear, but the service life of the electrodes forming the spark gap has so far been unsatisfactory.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an ignition distributor of the type mentioned with a longer life of the pair of electrodes enclosing the center electrode of the distributor cap.
- the design of the ignition distributor in accordance with the invention achieves two things: The fact that the electrode which cooperates with the pin-shaped electrode is not, as in the prior art, a socket which encloses the pin-shaped electrode over its entire circumference, but rather an electrode which the pin-shaped If the electrode does not enclose or encircles less than the entire circumference, even if the sparks are not coaxially arranged, it cannot always roll over to the pin-shaped electrode at the same location, but must migrate inevitably, with the lower the angle, the more uniform the erosion, around which the pin-shaped electrode is enclosed by the other electrode.
- the pin-shaped electrode is therefore preferably enclosed by the other electrode over less than half the circumference.
- the aggressive gases can escape more easily from the region of the two electrodes if, unlike in the prior art, the pin-shaped electrode is no longer surrounded by a closed socket. It is particularly favorable if the other electrode, together with the pin-shaped Electrode forms the spark gap, has a substantially flat surface facing the pin-shaped electrode, because then a particularly uniform erosion of the pin-shaped electrode is achieved and the escape of the aggressive gases from the electrode area is particularly easy and becomes when the pin-shaped electrode becomes the central electrode the distributor cap is further favored by the fact that the other electrode rotating with the distributor rotor provides for air movement which promotes the escape of the aggressive gases from the electrode area, in particular if the flat surface of the rotating electrode is against the longitudinal axis of the pin-shaped electrode is inclined or skewed.
- the invention can be carried out in such a way that the pin-shaped electrode is either the center electrode of the distributor cap or the first electrode of the distributor rotor, the first possibility being preferred because it enables better ventilation of the electrode area than if the pin-shaped electrode were attached to the distributor rotor .
- an extension of the distributor rotor protrudes into this space, which is like a fan blade for an additional one Air circulation ensures.
- the first electrode of the distributor rotor can be part of this extension intended for air circulation or can be separated from it, for example diametrically opposite it - with respect to the axis of rotation.
- the pin-shaped electrode is partially surrounded by the other electrode, it can be beneficial for the ventilation of the electrode area to make the surrounding electrode perforated.
- Another way to improve the ventilation of the electrode area is to provide a through hole in the distributor rotor in the region of the pin-shaped electrode, which is expediently opposite the pin-shaped central electrode of the distributor cap, but does not have to run in the direction of the axis of rotation, but preferably runs obliquely to the axis of rotation , whereby a pumping effect is achieved.
- Another way of ventilating the electrode area well is to not arrange the pin-shaped electrode and the other electrode next to one another, but opposite one another, so that the sparkover occurs from the tip of the pin-shaped electrode to the opposite electrode, which preferably has a flat electrode for the pin-shaped electrode Surface returns, which is larger than the cross-sectional area of the pin-shaped electrode, so that deviations from a precisely coaxial arrangement are harmless for the operation of the spark gap.
- Another way of improving the ventilation of the spark gap is to provide the first electrode of the distributor rotor with a projection on its side facing the pin-shaped central electrode of the distributor cap, in particular with a rib parallel to the pin-shaped electrode, which has the effect of a fan blade .
- This projection is made from a material with a higher wear resistance than the electrode has in the area outside the projection; outside the area of the projection, where the electrode is not exposed to spark discharge, it can consist of an easily processable, electrically highly conductive material such as copper or brass, to which the more wear-resistant projection is welded.
- a suitable choice of materials can be used to achieve more wear-resistant electrodes in different ways.
- One possibility is to manufacture the electrode from a material or to equip it with a material that is more noble than copper.
- Particularly suitable are materials which contain at least 20% by weight of silver or at least 10% by weight of palladium, in particular silver-nickel composite materials or palladium-copper alloys.
- Materials made of silver with 10 to 40% by weight, preferably 30% by weight of nickel or made of palladium with 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 15% by weight of copper are particularly suitable.
- Such materials are known per se for use as electrical contacts, as materials for electrodes in spark gaps however unusual. Thanks to their precious metal content, they show increased chemical resistance to the aggressive gases that are created by spark discharge.
- Another advantageous way of increasing the chemical resistance of the electrodes is to manufacture them from materials or to equip them with materials that are coated with a passivating cover layer.
- materials from the group of alloys of copper with nickel are particularly suitable, the nickel content expediently being between 10 and 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight; by adding a little iron (1 to 2% by weight) the chemical resistance can be further improved.
- materials made of chromium-alloyed steels are suitable for the electrodes because they protect themselves from the attack of aggressive gases with a passivating cover layer made of chromium oxide. These materials, which are coated with a passivating cover layer, are also not common for electrodes in spark gaps.
- Electrodes with a lower electron work function require a lower arc voltage for the sparkover and this means that the sparkover is accompanied by a lower energy conversion. This not only reduces electrical losses in the distributor, but also produces less reactive gases.
- the distributor cap 1 From the housing of the ignition distributor, only the distributor cap 1 is shown, which has a pin-shaped center electrode 2 and, distributed around its circumference, a plurality of fixed electrodes 3 parallel to the center electrode 2, which have electrode surfaces 3 a facing the center electrode 2 on the inside of the distributor cap.
- the ignition distributor there is a distributor rotor 4 which can be rotated about an axis 5 which runs coaxially with the center electrode 2.
- the flat base body of the distributor rotor has three holes 6, 7 and 8 for fastening the distributor rotor to the end of the camshaft of an internal combustion engine, the housing (engine block) of which also forms one half of the housing of the ignition distributor, the other half of which is the distributor cap 1.
- the distributor rotor carries two electrodes.
- a first, elongated electrode 9 is arranged on the upper side of the base body of the distributor rotor 4, extends in the radial direction and ends tightly, namely at a distance of approximately 0.5 mm, in front of the outer surface of the cylindrical center electrode 2 of the distributor cap.
- the distributor rotor carries a second electrode 10, which has a radially outwardly facing surface which, when the distributor rotor rotates, runs a short distance in front of the surfaces 3a of the fixed electrodes 3.
- the electrodes 9 and 10 are connected to one another by an electrical line 11 embedded in the distributor rotor.
- the electrode 9 acts like a fan blade, which ensures air circulation in the space between the distributor rotor 4 and the distributor cap 1.
- the air circulation is reinforced by an extension 12 of the distributor rotor diametrically opposite the electrode 9. Due to the air circulation, a constant air exchange takes place in the area of the spark gap, which is formed between the center electrode 2 and the first electrode 9 of the distributor rotor, which removes the aggressive gases accompanying the flashover, thereby removing the electrodes 9 and 2 from their chemical attack.
- the center electrode 2 is not stressed on one side, but burns off evenly because the first electrode 9 of the distributor rotor is arranged on one side next to the center electrode 2 and is guided around it.
- the invention is applicable in the field of the automotive industry (manufacturer, supplier, spare parts business).
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Zündverteiler für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit einem Gehäuse, in welchem drehbar ein Verteilerläufer gelagert ist, der nahe bei seiner Drehachse eine erste Elektrode und an seinem von der Drehachse entfernten Ende eine zweite Elektrode und dazwischen eine die zwei Elektroden verbindende elektrische Leitung hat,
und mit einer das Gehäuse abschließenden Verteilerkappe, welche auf ihrer Innenseite am Umfang verteilt mehrere mit der Zweiten Elektrode des Verteilerläufers zusammenarbeitende Festelektroden sowie eine Mittelelektrode hat, welche unter Bildung einer Funkenstrecke in geringem Abstand von der ersten Elektrode des Verteilerläufers endet,
wobei in dem aus der ersten Elektrode des Verteilerläufers und der Mittelelektrode gebildeten Elektrodenpaar eine Elektrode stiftförmig ausgebildet ist.The invention is based on an ignition distributor for internal combustion engines with a housing in which a distributor rotor is rotatably mounted, which rotor has a first electrode close to its axis of rotation and a second electrode at its end remote from the axis of rotation and an electrical line connecting the two electrodes therebetween ,
and with a distributor cap which closes the housing and which has a plurality of fixed electrodes which cooperate with the second electrode of the distributor rotor and a center electrode which is distributed around its circumference and ends with a spark gap forming a short distance from the first electrode of the distributor rotor,
wherein in the pair of electrodes formed from the first electrode of the distributor rotor and the center electrode, an electrode is designed in the form of a pin.
Ein solcher Zündverteiler ist aus der DE-37 43 940 A1 bekannt. Bei dem bekannten Zündverteiler ist die erste Elektrode des Verteilerläufers, welche zusammen mit der Mittelelektrode der Verteilerkappe eine Funkenstrecke bildet, als Buchse ausgebildet, in welche die stiftförmige Mittelelektrode hineinragt. Beide Elektroden bestehen - wie bei Funkenstrecken üblich - aus Messing. Damit der Funkenüberschlag bei einer möglichst niedrigen Bogenspannung erfolgt, wird angestrebt, den Wirkabstand zwischen den beiden Elektroden so gering wie möglich zu halten; er beträgt typisch 0,5 mm und sollte maximal 1 mm betragen.Such an ignition distributor is known from DE-37 43 940 A1. In the known distributor, the first electrode of the distributor rotor, which forms a spark gap together with the center electrode of the distributor cap, is designed as a socket into which the pin-shaped center electrode projects. Both electrodes are made of brass, as is usual with spark gaps. So that the sparkover occurs at the lowest possible arc voltage, the aim is to keep the effective distance between the two electrodes as small as possible; it is typically 0.5 mm and should be a maximum of 1 mm.
Die Elektroden der Funkenstrecke unterliegen zwar anders als die sonst üblichen Schleifkontakte zwischen dem Verteilerläufer und der Mittelelektrode der Verteilerkappe keinem mechanischen Verschleiß, dennoch ist die Lebensdauer der die Funkenstrecke bildenden Elektroden bislang unbefriedigend.Unlike the usual sliding contacts between the distributor rotor and the center electrode of the distributor cap, the electrodes of the spark gap are not subject to mechanical wear, but the service life of the electrodes forming the spark gap has so far been unsatisfactory.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Zündverteiler der eingangs genannten Art mit längerer Lebensdauer des die Mittelelektrode der Verteilerkappe einschließenden Elektrodenpaares zu schaffen.The present invention has for its object to provide an ignition distributor of the type mentioned with a longer life of the pair of electrodes enclosing the center electrode of the distributor cap.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Zündverteiler mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by an ignition distributor with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Bei der Suche nach der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wurde festgestellt, dass eine Ursache für den Verschleiß im mittleren Elektrodenpaar darin besteht, dass die beiden Elektroden nicht genau koaxial zueinander angeordnet sind. Das hat zur Folge, dass die stiftförmige Mittelelektrode der Verteilerkappe über ihren Umfang ungleichmässig abbrennt, weil der Funke bevorzugt an der engsten Stelle des Ringspaltes zwischen der Mittelelektrode und der buchsenförmigen Elektrode des Verteilerläufers überspringt. Der naheliegende Weg, die Lösung der Aufgabe in Maßnahmen zu suchen, die Abweichungen von einer genau koaxialen Anordnung zu verringern, führten jedoch nicht zum Erfolg, denn zum einen zeigt es sich, dass bedingt durch Aufbau und Anordnung des Zündverteilers die beobachteten Abweichungen von der exakt koaxiale Anordnung praktisch unvermeidbar sind, zum anderen zeigt es sich, dass selbst bei verbesserter koaxialer Anordnung der beiden Elektroden noch immer ein zu starker Elektrodenverschleiß auftrat, der zu einer zu niedrigen Lebensdauer führte. Die Erfinder haben dann herausgefunden, dass der Elektrodenverschleiß nicht nur auf Funkenerosion zurückzuführen ist, sondern dass die Elektrodenfläche auch chemisch angegriffen wird. Der chemische Angriff hat vermutlich unterschiedliche Ursachen. Zum einen kommt es durch den Funkenüberschlag und die ihn begleitende Energieumsetzung zu einer Anregung der umgebenden Gasatmosphäre, wobei sich Ozon und Stickoxide bilden dürften. Ausserdem unterliegen die Elektroden und der sie umgebende Kunststoff einer erheblichen thermischen Beanspruchung durch die Funkenentladungen, so dass Bestandteile des Kunststoffs zersetzt und freigesetzt werden, darunter auch chlorhaltige Bestandteile aus flammhemmenden Substanzen. Vermutlich kommt es so zur Ausbildung eines aggressiven Gasgemisches, welches auf die Elektrodenoberflächen einwirkt und wesentlich zu ihrem Verschleiß beiträgt.When searching for the solution according to the invention, it was found that one reason for the wear in the middle pair of electrodes is that the two electrodes are not arranged exactly coaxially with one another. The consequence of this is that the pin-shaped center electrode of the distributor cap burns unevenly over its circumference, because the spark preferably jumps over at the narrowest point of the annular gap between the center electrode and the socket-shaped electrode of the distributor rotor. However, the obvious way to find the solution to the problem in measures to reduce the deviations from a precisely coaxial arrangement did not lead to success, because on the one hand it is shown that due to the structure and arrangement of the distributor, the observed deviations from the exact coaxial arrangement are practically unavoidable, on the other hand, it turns out that even with an improved coaxial arrangement of the two electrodes, excessive electrode wear still occurred, which led to an inadequate service life. The inventors then found that the electrode wear is not only due to spark erosion, but that the electrode surface is also chemically attacked. The chemical attack probably has different causes. On the one hand, the sparkover and the accompanying energy conversion stimulate the surrounding gas atmosphere, whereby ozone and nitrogen oxides are likely to form. Also subject to the electrodes and the plastic surrounding them subject to considerable thermal stress from the spark discharges, so that components of the plastic are decomposed and released, including chlorine-containing components from flame-retardant substances. This probably leads to the formation of an aggressive gas mixture, which acts on the electrode surfaces and contributes significantly to their wear.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Zündverteilers wird zweierlei erreicht: Dadurch, dass die Elektrode, welche mit der stiftförmigen Elektrode zusammenarbeitet, nicht wie beim Stand der Technik eine Buchse ist, welche die stiftförmige Elektrode über ihren ganzen Umfang umschließt, sondern eine Elektrode, welche die stiftförmige Elektrode nicht oder über weniger als den ganzen Umfang umschließt, kann selbst bei mangelnder koaxialer Anordnung der Funken nicht stets an der selben Stelle auf die stiftförmige Elektrode überschlagen, sondern muss zwangsweise wandern, wobei der Abbrand um so gleichmässiger wird, je geringer der Winkel ist, um den die stiftförmige Elektrode von der anderen Elektrode umschlossen wird. Die stiftförmige Elektrode wird deshalb von der anderen Elektrode vorzugsweise über weniger als den halben Umfang umschlossen. Ausserdem können die aggressiven Gase, deren Erzeugung die Funkenentladung begleitet, aus dem Bereich der beiden Elektroden leichter entweichen, wenn die stiftförmige Elektrode anders als beim Stand der Technik nicht länger von einer geschlossenen Buchse umgeben ist. Besonders günstig ist es, wenn jene andere Elektrode, die zusammen mit der stiftförmigen Elektrode die Funkenstrecke bildet, eine der stiftförmigen Elektrode zugewandte, im wesentlichen ebene Oberfläche hat, denn dann erreicht man einen besonders gleichmässigen Abbrand der stiftförmigen Elektrode und das Entweichen der aggressiven Gase aus dem Elektrodenbereich ist besonders leicht und wird dann, wenn die stiftförmige Elektrode die Mittelelektrode der Verteilerkappe ist, noch dadurch begünstigt, dass die andere, sich mit dem Verteilerläufer drehende Elektrode, für eine Luftbewegung sorgt, die das Entweichen der aggressiven Gase aus dem Elektrodenbereich fördert, insbesondere dann, wenn die ebene Oberfläche der sich drehenden Elektrode gegen die Längsachse der stiftförmigen Elektrode geneigt oder windschief angeordnet ist.The design of the ignition distributor in accordance with the invention achieves two things: The fact that the electrode which cooperates with the pin-shaped electrode is not, as in the prior art, a socket which encloses the pin-shaped electrode over its entire circumference, but rather an electrode which the pin-shaped If the electrode does not enclose or encircles less than the entire circumference, even if the sparks are not coaxially arranged, it cannot always roll over to the pin-shaped electrode at the same location, but must migrate inevitably, with the lower the angle, the more uniform the erosion, around which the pin-shaped electrode is enclosed by the other electrode. The pin-shaped electrode is therefore preferably enclosed by the other electrode over less than half the circumference. In addition, the aggressive gases, the generation of which accompanies the spark discharge, can escape more easily from the region of the two electrodes if, unlike in the prior art, the pin-shaped electrode is no longer surrounded by a closed socket. It is particularly favorable if the other electrode, together with the pin-shaped Electrode forms the spark gap, has a substantially flat surface facing the pin-shaped electrode, because then a particularly uniform erosion of the pin-shaped electrode is achieved and the escape of the aggressive gases from the electrode area is particularly easy and becomes when the pin-shaped electrode becomes the central electrode the distributor cap is further favored by the fact that the other electrode rotating with the distributor rotor provides for air movement which promotes the escape of the aggressive gases from the electrode area, in particular if the flat surface of the rotating electrode is against the longitudinal axis of the pin-shaped electrode is inclined or skewed.
Grundsätzlich kann die Erfindung so ausgeführt werden, dass die stiftförmige Elektrode entweder die Mittelelektrode der Verteilerkappe oder die erste Elektrode des Verteilerläufers ist, wobei die erste Möglichkeit bevorzugt wird, weil sie eine bessere Durchlüftung des Elektrodenbereiches ermöglicht, als wenn die stiftförmige Elektrode am Verteilerläufer angebracht wäre. Zur Verbesserung der Durchlüftung ist es von Vorteil, die erste Elektrode des Verteilerläufers nicht wie bisher versenkt im Verteilerläufer anzubringen, sondern sie vom Grundkörper des Verteilerläufers abstehen und in den Raum zwischen dem Verteilerläufer und der Verteilerkappe ragen zu lassen. Vorzugsweise läßt man in diesen Raum weiterhin einen Fortsatz des Verteilerläufers hineinragen, der wie ein Ventilatorflügel für eine zusätzliche Luftumwälzung sorgt. Die erste Elektrode des Verteilerläufers kann ein Teil dieses für die Luftumwälzung vorgesehenen Fortsatzes oder von ihm getrennt sein, ihm beispielsweise - bezogen auf die Drehachse - diametral gegenüberliegen.In principle, the invention can be carried out in such a way that the pin-shaped electrode is either the center electrode of the distributor cap or the first electrode of the distributor rotor, the first possibility being preferred because it enables better ventilation of the electrode area than if the pin-shaped electrode were attached to the distributor rotor . To improve ventilation, it is advantageous not to mount the first electrode of the distributor rotor in the distributor rotor as previously recessed, but rather to let it protrude from the base body of the distributor rotor and to protrude into the space between the distributor rotor and the distributor cap. Preferably, an extension of the distributor rotor protrudes into this space, which is like a fan blade for an additional one Air circulation ensures. The first electrode of the distributor rotor can be part of this extension intended for air circulation or can be separated from it, for example diametrically opposite it - with respect to the axis of rotation.
Wird die stiftförmige Elektrode von der anderen Elektrode teilweise umgeben, so kann es der Belüftung des Elektrodenbereiches förderlich sein, die umgebende Elektrode perforiert auszubilden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Belüftung des Elektrodenbereiches zu verbessern, besteht darin, im Verteilerläufer im Bereich der stiftförmigen Elektrode ein durchgehendes Loch vorzusehen, welches zweckmässigerweise der stiftförmigen Mittelelektrode der Verteilerkappe gegenüberliegt, aber nicht in Richtung der Drehachse verlaufen muss, sondern vorzugsweise schräg zur Drehachse verläuft, wodurch eine Pumpwirkung erzielt wird.If the pin-shaped electrode is partially surrounded by the other electrode, it can be beneficial for the ventilation of the electrode area to make the surrounding electrode perforated. Another way to improve the ventilation of the electrode area is to provide a through hole in the distributor rotor in the region of the pin-shaped electrode, which is expediently opposite the pin-shaped central electrode of the distributor cap, but does not have to run in the direction of the axis of rotation, but preferably runs obliquely to the axis of rotation , whereby a pumping effect is achieved.
Eine andere Möglichkeit, den Elektrodenbereich gut zu belüften, besteht darin, die stiftförmige Elektrode und die andere Elektrode nicht nebeneinander, sondern einander gegenüberliegend anzuordnen, so dass der Funkenüberschlag von der Spitze der stiftförmigen Elektrode zur gegenüberliegenden Elektrode erfolgt, welche der stiftförmigen Elektrode vorzugsweise eine ebene Oberfläche zukehrt, welche größer ist als die Querschnittsfläche der stiftförmigen Elektrode, so dass Abweichungen von einer genau koaxialen Anordnung für das Betreiben der Funkenstrecke unschädlich sind.Another way of ventilating the electrode area well is to not arrange the pin-shaped electrode and the other electrode next to one another, but opposite one another, so that the sparkover occurs from the tip of the pin-shaped electrode to the opposite electrode, which preferably has a flat electrode for the pin-shaped electrode Surface returns, which is larger than the cross-sectional area of the pin-shaped electrode, so that deviations from a precisely coaxial arrangement are harmless for the operation of the spark gap.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Belüftung der Funkenstrecke zu verbessern, besteht darin, das man die erste Elektrode des Verteilerläufers auf ihrer der stiftförmigen Mittelelektrode der Verteilerkappe zugewandten Seite mit einem Vorsprung, insbesondere mit einer zur stiftförmigen Elektrode parallelen Rippe versieht, welche die Wirkung eines Ventilatorflügels hat. Eine nochmals erhöhte Lebensdauer erreicht man, wenn man diesen Vorsprung aus einem Werkstoff mit höherer Verschleißfestigkeit bildet, als ihm die Elektrode im Bereich ausserhalb des Vorsprungs aufweist; ausserhalb des Bereichs des Vorsprungs, wo die Elektrode keiner Funkenentladung ausgesetzt ist, kann sie aus einem leicht verarbeitbaren, elektrisch gut leitenden Werkstoff wie Kupfer oder Messing bestehen, auf welchen der verschleißfestere Vorsprung aufgeschweißt ist. Durch geeignete Werkstoffauswahl kann man auf unterschiedliche Weise zu verschleißfesteren Elektroden gelangen. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, die Elektrode aus einem Werkstoff herzustellen oder mit einem Werkstoff zu bestücken, der edler ist als Kupfer. Besonders eignen sich Werkstoffe, die wenigstens 20 Gew.-% Silber oder wenigstens 10 Gew.-% Palladium enthalten, insbesondere Silber-Nickel-Verbundwerkstoffe oder Palladium-Kupfer-Legierungen. Besonders geeignet sind Werkstoffe aus Silber mit 10 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 30 Gew.-% Nickel oder aus Palladium mit 10 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 15 Gew.-% Kupfer. Derartige Werkstoffe sind zwar zu Verwendung als elektrische Kontakte an sich bekannt, als Werkstoffe für Elektroden in Funkenstrecken jedoch unüblich. Durch ihren Edelmetallgehalt zeigen sie eine erhöhte chemische Beständigkeit gegenüber den aggressiven Gasen, die durch die Funkenentladung entstehen.Another way of improving the ventilation of the spark gap is to provide the first electrode of the distributor rotor with a projection on its side facing the pin-shaped central electrode of the distributor cap, in particular with a rib parallel to the pin-shaped electrode, which has the effect of a fan blade . An even longer service life is achieved if this projection is made from a material with a higher wear resistance than the electrode has in the area outside the projection; outside the area of the projection, where the electrode is not exposed to spark discharge, it can consist of an easily processable, electrically highly conductive material such as copper or brass, to which the more wear-resistant projection is welded. A suitable choice of materials can be used to achieve more wear-resistant electrodes in different ways. One possibility is to manufacture the electrode from a material or to equip it with a material that is more noble than copper. Particularly suitable are materials which contain at least 20% by weight of silver or at least 10% by weight of palladium, in particular silver-nickel composite materials or palladium-copper alloys. Materials made of silver with 10 to 40% by weight, preferably 30% by weight of nickel or made of palladium with 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 15% by weight of copper are particularly suitable. Such materials are known per se for use as electrical contacts, as materials for electrodes in spark gaps however unusual. Thanks to their precious metal content, they show increased chemical resistance to the aggressive gases that are created by spark discharge.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, die chemische Beständigkeit der Elektroden zu erhöhen, besteht darin, sie aus Werkstoffen herzustellen oder mit Werkstoffen zu bestücken, die sich mit einer passivierenden Deckschicht überziehen. In diesem Zusammenhang eignen sich besonders Werkstoffe aus der Gruppe der Legierungen von Kupfer mit Nickel, wobei der Nickelgehalt zweckmässigerweise zwischen 10 und 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise ungefähr 30 Gew.-% beträgt; durch Zulegieren von wenig Eisen (1 bis 2 Gew.-%) kann die chemische Beständigkeit noch weiter verbessert werden. Ausserdem eignen sich für die Elektroden Werkstoffe aus mit Chrom legierten Stählen, weil diese sich mit einer passivierenden Deckschicht aus Chromoxid vor dem Angriff der aggressiven Gase schützen. Auch diese sich mit einer passivierenden Deckschicht überziehenden Werkstoffe sind für Elektroden in Funkenstrecken nicht üblich.Another advantageous way of increasing the chemical resistance of the electrodes is to manufacture them from materials or to equip them with materials that are coated with a passivating cover layer. In this context, materials from the group of alloys of copper with nickel are particularly suitable, the nickel content expediently being between 10 and 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight; by adding a little iron (1 to 2% by weight) the chemical resistance can be further improved. In addition, materials made of chromium-alloyed steels are suitable for the electrodes because they protect themselves from the attack of aggressive gases with a passivating cover layer made of chromium oxide. These materials, which are coated with a passivating cover layer, are also not common for electrodes in spark gaps.
Günstig auf die Elektrodenlebensdauer wirkt es sich auch aus, wenn man dem Elektrodenwerkstoff geringe Mengen einer Substanz hinzufügt, welches die Elektronenaustrittsarbeit erniedrigt, z.B. Thoriumoxid. Elektroden mit niedrigerer Elektronenaustrittsarbeit erfordern für den Funkenüberschlag eine geringere Bogenspannung und das Bedeutet, dass der Funkenüberschlag von einem geringeren Energieumsatz begleitet ist. Dadurch werden im Zündverteiler nicht nur die elektrischen Verluste verringert, sondern es entstehen auch weniger reaktive Gase.It also has a favorable effect on the life of the electrodes if small amounts of a substance are added to the electrode material which lower the electron work function, for example thorium oxide. Electrodes with a lower electron work function require a lower arc voltage for the sparkover and this means that the sparkover is accompanied by a lower energy conversion. This not only reduces electrical losses in the distributor, but also produces less reactive gases.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist schematisch in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt.
- Figur 1
- zeigt einen Zündverteiler im Querschnitt; der Schnitt ist rechtwinklig zur Drehachse des Verteilerläufers durch den Verteilerläufer gelegt, gemäß Schnittlinie A-B in
Figur 2; Figur 2- zeigt die relative Anordnung von Verteilerkappe und Verteilerläufer in einem durch die Drehachse des Verteilerläufers gelegten Längsschnitt gemäß Schnittlinie E-F in Figur 1, und
- Figur 3
- zeigt einen weiteren Längsschnitt durch die Anordnung aus Verteilerkappe und Verteilerläufer, und zwar im Vergleich zur
Figur 2 um 90° versetzt, gemäß der Schnittlinie C-D in Figur 1.
- Figure 1
- shows an ignition distributor in cross section; the section is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the distributor rotor through the distributor rotor, according to section line AB in Figure 2;
- Figure 2
- shows the relative arrangement of distributor cap and distributor rotor in a longitudinal section through the axis of rotation of the distributor rotor according to section line EF in Figure 1, and
- Figure 3
- shows a further longitudinal section through the arrangement of distributor cap and distributor rotor, namely offset by 90 ° in comparison to FIG. 2, according to section line CD in FIG. 1.
Vom Gehäuse des Zündverteilers ist lediglich die Verteilerkappe 1 dargestellt, welche eine stiftförmige Mittelelektrode 2 und an ihrem Umfang verteilt mehrere zur Mittelelektrode 2 parallele Festelektroden 3 aufweist, die auf der Innenseite der Verteilerkappe der Mittelelektrode 2 zugewandte Elektrodenflächen 3a haben.From the housing of the ignition distributor, only the distributor cap 1 is shown, which has a pin-
Im Zündverteiler befindet sich ein Verteilerläufer 4, welcher um eine Achse 5 drehbar ist, die koaxial zur Mittelelektrode 2 verläuft. Der flache Grundkörper des Verteilerläufers hat drei Bohrungen 6, 7 und 8 zur Befestigung des Verteilerläufers am Ende der Nockenwelle einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, deren Gehäuse (Motorblock) zugleich die eine Hälfte des Gehäuses des Zündverteilers bildet, dessen andere Hälfte die Verteilerkappe 1 ist. Der Verteilerläufer trägt zwei Elektroden. Eine erste, längliche Elektrode 9 ist auf der Oberseite des Grundkörpers des Verteilerläufers 4 angeordnet, erstreckt sich in radialer Richtung und endet dicht, nämlich in einem Abstand von ungefähr 0,5 mm, vor der Mantelfläche der zylindrischen Mittelelektrode 2 der Verteilerkappe. An einer radial aussen liegenden Stelle trägt der Verteilerläufer eine zweite Elektrode 10, welche eine radial nach aussen weisende Oberfläche hat, welche bei Drehung des Verteilerläufers in geringem Abstand vor den Oberflächen 3a der Festelektroden 3 vorbeiläuft. Die Elektroden 9 und 10 sind durch eine in den Verteilerläufer eingebettete elektrische Leitung 11 miteinander verbunden.In the ignition distributor there is a distributor rotor 4 which can be rotated about an axis 5 which runs coaxially with the
Wie am besten die Figur 3 zeigt, handelt es sich bei der ersten, mit der Mittelelektrode 2 zusammenarbeitenden Elektrode 9 des Verteilerläufers um eine quaderförmige Elektrode, die eine ebene Endfläche 9a der Mittelelektrode 2 zugewandt hat. Die Normalen der radial verlaufenden Oberflächen der Elektrode 9 schließen mit der Drehachse 5 des Verteilerläufers 4 einen Winkel von ungefähr 45° ein.As best shown in FIG. 3, the
Durch diese Orientierung wirkt die Elektrode 9 wie ein Ventilatorflügel, der im Raum zwischen dem Verteilerläufer 4 und der Verteilerkappe 1 für eine Luftumwälzung sorgt. Die Luftumwälzung wird durch einen der Elektrode 9 diametral gegenüberliegenden Fortsatz 12 des Verteilerläufers verstärkt. Durch die Luftumwälzung findet im Bereich der Funkenstrecke, die zwischen der Mittelelektrode 2 und der ersten Elektrode 9 des Verteilerläufers gebildet ist, ein ständiger Luftaustausch statt, der die den Funkenüberschlag begleitenden aggressiven Gase abführt, wodurch die Elektroden 9 und 2 ihrem chemischen Angriff entzogen werden. Ausserdem wird die Mittelelektrode 2 nicht einseitig beansprucht, sondern brennt gleichmässig ab, weil die erste Elektrode 9 des Verteilerläufers einseitig neben der Mittelelektrode 2 angeordnet ist und um diese herumgeführt wird.As a result of this orientation, the
Die Erfindung ist im Bereich des Automobilgewerbes (Hersteller, Zulieferer, Ersatzteilgeschäft) anwendbar.The invention is applicable in the field of the automotive industry (manufacturer, supplier, spare parts business).
Claims (25)
- An ignition distributor for internal combustion engines comprising a housing, in which a distributor rotor (4) is rotatably mounted, which comprises a first electrode (9) close to the axis of rotation (5) of the rotor, a second electrode (10) at that end of the rotor which is remote from its axis of rotation, and between said electrodes an electrical line (11) connecting the electrodes,
and a distributor cap (1), which closes the housing and is provided on its inside surface with a plurality of peripherally spaced apart stationary electrodes (3), which cooperate with the second electrode (10) of the distributor rotor (4), and comprises a center electrode (2), which is closely spaced from and defines a spark gap with the first electrode (9) of the distributor rotor,
wherein one electrode of the pair consisting of the first electrode (9) of the distributor rotor (4) and the center electrode (2) is pinlike, characterized in that
the other electrode (9) of the pair of electrodes (2, 9) does not surround the pinlike electrode (2) or surrounds it around less than its entire periphery. - An ignition distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the other electrode (9) of the pair of electrodes (2, 9) surrounds the pinlike electrode (2) around less than one-half of its periphery.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the other electrode is opposite to the tip of the pinlike electrode (2).
- An ignition distributor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said other electrode (9) has a substantially planar surface (9a) facing the pinlike electrode (2).
- An ignition distributor according to claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the normal on the planar surface (9a) is inclined toward the longitudinal axis (5) of the pinlike electrode (2).
- An ignition distributor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electrode (9) of the distributor rotor (4) protrudes from the body of the distributor rotor (4) into the space between the distributor rotor (4) and the distributor cap (1).
- An ignition distributor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor rotor (4) comprises a projection (12), which is eccentric to the axis of rotation (5) of the rotor and protrudes from the body of the rotor into the space between the distributor rotor (4) and the distributor cap (1) and is electrically insulated from the first electrode (9).
- An ignition distributor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pinlike electrode (2) is the center electrode.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 8, characterized in that the distributor rotor (4) has a through hole, which is opposite to the pinlike electrode (2).
- An ignition distributor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the other electrode is perforate.
- An ignition distributor according to any of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the other electrode is also pinlike.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 11, characterized in that the two pinlike electrodes differ in diameter.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 4, characterized in that the other electrode has a projection on the side which faces the pinlike electrode.
- An ignition distributor according to claims 2 and 13, characterized in that the projection is a rib, which is parallel to the pinlike electrode (2).
- An ignition distributor according to claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the projection consists of a material which has a higher wear resistance than the electrode in the region outside the projection.
- An ignition distributor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electrode of the pair of electrodes (2, 9) consists of or is provided with a material which is nobler than copper.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 16, characterized in that the material is selected from the group consisting of the composite materials and alloys with at least 20% by weight silver or at least 10% by weight palladium.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 17, characterized in that the material consists of silver with nickel or of palladium with copper.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 18, characterized in that the material consists of silver with 10 to 40 % by weight, preferably 30% by weight, nickel, or of palladium with 10 to 30 % by weight, preferably 15% by weight, copper.
- An ignition distributor according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one electrode of the pair of electrodes (2, 9) consists of or is provided with a material which tends to form a passivating cover layer thereon.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 20, characterized in that the material is selected from the group consisting of the alloys of copper with nickel and the chromium-alloy steels.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 21, characterized in that the material is an alloy of copper with 10 to 40 % by weight, preferably 30% by weight, nickel.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 22, characterized in that the material contains up to 2% by weight iron.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 22, characterized in that a component which determines the chemical inertia and a component which increases the resistance to the wear by spark erosion are combined in the material.
- An ignition distributor according to claim 16 or 20, characterized in that the material contains up to 5% by weight of a substance which decreases the electron work function.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE8910037U | 1989-08-22 | ||
| DE8910037U DE8910037U1 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1989-08-22 | |
| PCT/EP1990/001395 WO1991002899A1 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1990-08-22 | Ignition distributor for internal combustion engines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0489056A1 EP0489056A1 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| EP0489056B1 true EP0489056B1 (en) | 1994-10-12 |
Family
ID=6842191
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90116072A Pending EP0414217A1 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1990-08-22 | Ignition distributor for combustion engines |
| EP90912410A Expired - Lifetime EP0489056B1 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1990-08-22 | Ignition distributor for internal combustion engines |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90116072A Pending EP0414217A1 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1990-08-22 | Ignition distributor for combustion engines |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5416292A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0414217A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05503128A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE8910037U1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991002899A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5679471A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1997-10-21 | General Motors Corporation | Silver-nickel nano-composite coating for terminals of separable electrical connectors |
| US5967860A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1999-10-19 | General Motors Corporation | Electroplated Ag-Ni-C electrical contacts |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3743940A1 (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-07-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Ignition distributor for internal combustion engines |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR502536A (en) * | 1918-10-01 | 1920-05-18 | Scintilla Soc | Distributor for high voltage current in ignition magnetos |
| FR525168A (en) * | 1920-09-28 | 1921-09-16 | Charles Low Atkinson | Improvements in switches for internal combustion engines |
| US3542976A (en) * | 1967-08-18 | 1970-11-24 | Forest J Moray | Distributor cap and rotor combination with completely removable stationary electrode and broad contact face movable electrode |
| US3504141A (en) * | 1969-03-24 | 1970-03-31 | Millard A Webster | Rotary distributor |
| FR2133120A5 (en) * | 1971-04-08 | 1972-11-24 | Ducellier & Cie | |
| JPS5171445U (en) * | 1974-11-30 | 1976-06-05 | ||
| DE2846590A1 (en) * | 1978-10-26 | 1980-05-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ARRANGEMENT FOR IGNITION VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION IN IGNITION SYSTEMS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| DE2949573C2 (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1982-06-03 | Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo | Ignition distributor |
| US4308436A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1981-12-29 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Distributor for internal combustion engine |
| JPS55144855U (en) * | 1979-04-03 | 1980-10-17 | ||
| EP0045052B1 (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1986-02-26 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Radio frequency interference suppressing ignition distributor rotor |
| JPS5756665A (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1982-04-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | Noise wave generation restraining distributor of internal combustion engine |
| DE3101908A1 (en) * | 1981-01-22 | 1982-09-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Ignition distributor for internal-combustion engines |
| DE3136745A1 (en) * | 1981-09-16 | 1983-03-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | DEVICE FOR DISTRIBUTING VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION IN COMBINED IGNITION SYSTEMS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| DE3148053A1 (en) * | 1981-12-04 | 1983-06-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | IGNITION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| US4470385A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1984-09-11 | General Motors Corporation | Ignition distributor |
| DE3613499A1 (en) * | 1985-05-02 | 1986-11-06 | Volkswagen AG, 3180 Wolfsburg | Ignition distributor for a cam-controlled internal combustion engine |
| US4661661A (en) * | 1985-10-01 | 1987-04-28 | Chrysler Motors Corporation | Spark shield and inlet air vent for an ignition distributor |
| DE3807791A1 (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-09-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Ignition distributor for an internal-combustion engine |
| DE3821995A1 (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1990-01-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTOR FOR IGNITION SYSTEMS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| DE3837808A1 (en) * | 1988-11-08 | 1990-05-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | IGNITION DISTRIBUTOR FOR IGNITION SYSTEMS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
-
1989
- 1989-08-22 DE DE8910037U patent/DE8910037U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-08-22 DE DE59007467T patent/DE59007467D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-22 WO PCT/EP1990/001395 patent/WO1991002899A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-08-22 US US07/835,996 patent/US5416292A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-22 EP EP90116072A patent/EP0414217A1/en active Pending
- 1990-08-22 JP JP2511459A patent/JPH05503128A/en active Pending
- 1990-08-22 EP EP90912410A patent/EP0489056B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3743940A1 (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-07-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Ignition distributor for internal combustion engines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59007467D1 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
| JPH05503128A (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| WO1991002899A1 (en) | 1991-03-07 |
| EP0489056A1 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| DE8910037U1 (en) | 1991-01-17 |
| US5416292A (en) | 1995-05-16 |
| EP0414217A1 (en) | 1991-02-27 |
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