EP0484563B1 - Fence for avalanches, rockfall or felling - Google Patents

Fence for avalanches, rockfall or felling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0484563B1
EP0484563B1 EP90121098A EP90121098A EP0484563B1 EP 0484563 B1 EP0484563 B1 EP 0484563B1 EP 90121098 A EP90121098 A EP 90121098A EP 90121098 A EP90121098 A EP 90121098A EP 0484563 B1 EP0484563 B1 EP 0484563B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rope
floor
suspension
ropes
net
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP90121098A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0484563A1 (en
Inventor
Roman Testi
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ISOFER AG
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ISOFER AG
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Priority to CH3804/88A priority Critical patent/CH676259A5/de
Application filed by ISOFER AG filed Critical ISOFER AG
Priority to EP90121098A priority patent/EP0484563B1/en
Priority to DE59005766T priority patent/DE59005766D1/en
Priority to AT90121098T priority patent/ATE105890T1/en
Publication of EP0484563A1 publication Critical patent/EP0484563A1/en
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Publication of EP0484563B1 publication Critical patent/EP0484563B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01FADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to avalanches, stone chipping or logging with at least one net fastened with its upper edge to a suspension cable and with its lower edge to a floor cable guided near the ground, with supports supporting the suspension cable at a distance from the ground and with a predetermined distance Cable pulling force the extension of the suspension cable and the floor cable, with energy absorption, in the network area lying cable brake elements, at least two suspension cables (8, 9) having at least two suspension cable areas and at least two floor cables (12, 13) having at least two floor cable areas are provided and that Net (18) is successively fastened to another suspension cable (8, 9) in each of the row of suspension cables arranged in a row and successively connected to a different floor cable (12, 13) in each of the row of floor cables arranged and for each Au Suspension rope (8, 9) and cable brake elements (14, 15, 16, 17) provided for each floor rope (12, 13) on suspension rope areas of the suspension ropes (8, 9) free of the net (18) and on floor rope areas free of the net (18) the floor cables (12
  • a safety fence of the type mentioned above is already in use. With this safety fence, both the two suspension ropes and the two floor ropes intersect between two adjacent supports. The crossing ropes are brought together at the crossing points. The attachment of the net changes from one to the other suspension rope and from one to the other bottom rope at each successive crossing point in the row.
  • the suspension rope areas of the suspension ropes that are free of the network and the floor rope areas of the floor ropes that are free of the network are guided on the supports and carry cable brake elements.
  • This safety fence is usually used to secure traffic routes, such as roads, railways or waterways, but can also be used outside the areas of traffic routes to protect people, animals or buildings. If the well-known safety fence is very steep and high mountain slopes with an above-average drop height or in general in places where masses with above-average kinetic energy have to be collected, this safety fence cannot fully fulfill its task.
  • the ropes carrying the net are namely at the intersection where the net is attached to each other and not on fixed supports. For this reason, large rope extensions can occur, which cause the tensioned net to collapse not only in the stressed collection area, but also in the neighboring unstressed areas.
  • a safety fence with a plurality of rectangular nets held in a row on supports on the valley side is known.
  • the edge meshes of each net are attached to an edge rope that frames the net.
  • the four corners of the edge rope are coupled to net holding ropes that slide over the adjacent two supports at the top and bottom.
  • the net holding ropes are braced on the mountain side from the supports with the interposition of cable brake elements on floor anchors.
  • the floor anchoring point and the cable brake elements are located in the mountain-side danger zone of the safety fence. If a rope hits, the cable brake elements run out, so that the net curtain immediately loses its protective height. If the rope hit even breaks the rope, the protection fails completely.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a safety fence that can safely absorb avalanches, rockfalls and long wood slides with above-average kinetic energy, which can easily be made operational again after catching avalanches, stone chips or logging and is economically advantageous.
  • both the two suspension ropes and the two floor ropes each run parallel to one another and are longitudinally displaceable independently of one another on each support and the suspension rope areas of the suspension ropes and the floor rope areas of the floor ropes lie between two adjacent supports, within the individual suspension and bottom rope areas, the network is attached to ropes without cable brake elements and the cables carrying the network have cable brake elements directly in the next adjacent areas.
  • the spacing of the supports can also be chosen larger, which on the one hand reduces the likelihood of the supports directly falling due to falling masses and on the other hand achieves economic advantages. It is also advantageous in terms of the assembly of the safety fence if the suspension cable areas of the suspension cables and the floor cable areas of the floor cables are located between two adjacent supports.
  • the floor cables can be guided on the foot parts of the supports.
  • floor-anchored guide elements can be provided for the floor cables connected to the network than supports are available.
  • the floor cable connected to the network can be guided near the floor between two supports by means of floor anchors.
  • a rope can be inserted between the floor rope and the floor anchor Cable brake element can be arranged.
  • a safety fence is shown schematically in the front view.
  • Fig. 2 shows this safety fence in a simply indicated steep slope from the side.
  • the fir trees shown schematically in this figure have a purely symbolic character and, in particular, do not provide any information about the scale relationships with the safety fence.
  • the supports 1, 2, 3, 4 lead at their upper end region at a distance from the floor two suspension cables 8, 9 which are braced laterally on the floor anchors 10 and 11.
  • the suspension cables 8, 9 are guided in the supports 1, 2, 3, 4 in a longitudinally displaceable manner.
  • On the foot parts of the supports 1, 2, 3, 4, two floor cables 12, 13 are guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner near the floor.
  • Both the suspension cables 8, 9 and the bottom cables 12, 13 are equipped with cable braking elements 14, 15, 16, 17.
  • the safety fence shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is equipped with two suspension ropes (8, 9) having three suspension rope areas and with two floor ropes (12, 13) having three floor rope areas.
  • the suspension rope areas and the floor rope areas lie between the adjacent supports 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4.
  • a network 18 of wire rope is provided, which is intended for catching avalanches, stone chips and logging.
  • This net 18 is fastened to a different suspension rope 8, 9 in each successive suspension rope area and is connected to a different floor rope 12, 13 in each successive floor rope area. So it is fixed between the supports 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 with its upper edge on the suspension cable 9 and connected to the lower cable 13 at its lower edge. Between the supports 2 and 3, the network 18 is attached to the other suspension cable 8 and connected to the other floor cable 12.
  • the cable brake elements 14, 15, 16, 17 are inserted into the suspension cable 8, 9 or floor cable 12, 13 which is free of the network 18. So the cable brake elements 14 and 16 are inserted between the supports 1 and 2, or 3 and 4 in the suspension cable 8 and in the bottom cable 12. Between the supports 2 and 3, however, the cable brake elements 15 and 17 can be found in the suspension cable 9 and in the bottom cable 13.
  • the most accurate possible ground adaptation is sought for the net 18.
  • This precise floor guidance is generally achieved by providing more floor-anchored guide elements than supports 1, 2, 3, 4.
  • the network 18 is additionally guided between the two supports 2 and 3 via the floor cable 12 by a floor anchor 19.
  • a cable brake element 20 is arranged between the bottom cable 12 connected to the network 18 and the bottom anchor 19.
  • the safety fence works as follows: It is assumed that a large stone falls into the net 18 between the supports 2 and 3. In this case, the net 18 will extend downward in this area and take along the ropes, the suspension rope 8 and the bottom rope 12, which hold the net 18 in this area. These ropes have to give way and absorb the impact of the stone by absorbing energy.
  • the ropes carrying the net 18 Suspension rope 8 and bottom rope 12 are not stretched between the supports 2 and 3 when the stone mentioned is caught in the catchment area, as a result of which possible network tears can be avoided.
  • the rope attached to the ground anchor 19 is connected via the cable brake element 20 to the bottom rope 12 carrying the net 18, so that the bottom rope 12 can also expand downward at this point and does not tear.
  • the cable brake element 20 also draws energy from the network 18 and contributes to damping the impact of the assumed stone. Since the pivotable supports 1, 2, 3, 4 are attached to the floor anchors 6 via cable brake elements 7, these cable brake elements 7 will also respond to energy absorption when a large, high-energy mass hits the network 18 and allow the retention cables 5 to be extended. The restraint ropes 5 thus also contribute to damping the impact of the assumed stone.
  • the processes are similar when masses with high kinetic energy strike one another or between several supports 1, 2, 3, 4.
  • the safety fence can cause avalanches, stone chips and catch logs with above average kinetic energy. It is essential that the cable brake elements are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the cable parts carrying the net, in order not to unnecessarily stress the supports and power packs located outside the catchment area.
  • the masses collected by the safety fence must be removed from the network 18 at the latest when the cable brake elements are fully extended.
  • the ropes stretched when collecting a large mass, suspension ropes 8, 9, floor ropes 12, 13, retaining ropes 5 must be tensioned again and the extended cable brake elements 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20 must be replaced.
  • the replacement of the extended cable brake elements 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20 is particularly simple because these elements are connected to exposed cables, mostly via easily detachable cable coupling elements. The operational readiness of the safety fence can therefore be easily and inexpensively restored.
  • a safety fence with the claimed features can also be designed with rigid instead of pivoting supports.
  • the restraining cables are generally not required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)

Abstract

The fence is equipped with at least two suspension ropes (8, 9), guided independently of one another and having at least two suspension-rope areas, and/or with at least two base ropes (12, 13) guided independently of one another and having at least two base-rope areas. When there are several suspension ropes (8, 9), the net (18) is fastened in each successive suspension-rope area to a different suspension rope (8, 9), and, when there are several base ropes (12, 13), the net (18) is connected in each successive base-rope area to a different base rope (12, 13). The rope-tackle brake elements (14, 15, 16, 17) provided for each suspension rope (8, 9) and for each base rope (12, 13) are attached to suspension-rope areas of the suspension ropes (8, 9) free from the net (18) when there are several suspension ropes (8, 9) and to base-rope areas of the base ropes (12, 13) free from the net (18) when there are several base ropes (12, 13). The fence serves to catch avalanches, rockfalls and felled timber. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft für Lawinen, Steinschlag oder Holzschlag mit mindestens einem mit seinem oberen Rand an einem Aufhängeseil und mit seinem unteren Rand an einem in Bodennähe geführten Bodenseil befestigten Netz, mit das Aufhängeseil in einem Abstand vom Boden haltenden Stützen und mit beim Ueberschreiten einer vorbestimmten Seilzugskraft die Verlängerung des Aufhänge- und des Bodenseiles unter Energieaufnahme zulassenden, im Netzbereich liegenden Seilzugbremselementen, wobei mindestens zwei, mindestens zwei Aufhängeseilbereiche aufweisende Aufhängeseile (8, 9) und mindestens zwei, mindestens zwei Bodenseilbereiche aufweisende Bodenseile (12, 13) vorgesehen sind und das Netz (18) aufeinanderfolgend in jedem der in einer Reihe angeordneten Aufhängeseilbereiche an einem anderen Aufhängeseil (8, 9) befestigt und aufeinanderfolgend in jedem der in einer Reihe angeordneten Bodenseilbereiche mit einem anderen Bodenseil (12, 13) verbunden ist und die für jedes Aufhängeseil (8, 9) und für jedes Bodenseil (12, 13) vorgesehenen Seilzugbremselemente (14, 15, 16, 17) an vom Netz (18) freien Aufhängeseilbereichen der Aufhängeseile (8, 9) und an vom Netz (18) freien Bodenseilbereichen der Bodenseile (12, 13) angeschlossen sind.The present invention relates to avalanches, stone chipping or logging with at least one net fastened with its upper edge to a suspension cable and with its lower edge to a floor cable guided near the ground, with supports supporting the suspension cable at a distance from the ground and with a predetermined distance Cable pulling force the extension of the suspension cable and the floor cable, with energy absorption, in the network area lying cable brake elements, at least two suspension cables (8, 9) having at least two suspension cable areas and at least two floor cables (12, 13) having at least two floor cable areas are provided and that Net (18) is successively fastened to another suspension cable (8, 9) in each of the row of suspension cables arranged in a row and successively connected to a different floor cable (12, 13) in each of the row of floor cables arranged and for each Au Suspension rope (8, 9) and cable brake elements (14, 15, 16, 17) provided for each floor rope (12, 13) on suspension rope areas of the suspension ropes (8, 9) free of the net (18) and on floor rope areas free of the net (18) the floor cables (12, 13) are connected.

Ein Auffangzaun der eingangs erwähnten Art wird bereits benutzt. Bei diesem Auffangzaun kreuzen sich sowohl die beiden Aufhängeseile als auch die beiden Bodenseile zwischen je zwei benachbarten Stützen. An den Kreuzungsstellen sind die sich kreuzenden Seile aneinander geführt. Die Befestigung des Netzes wechselt vom einen auf das andere Aufhängeseil und vom einen auf das andere Bodenseil bei jeder in der Reihe aufeinanderfolgenden Kreuzungsstelle. Die das Netz tragenden, von Kreuzungsstelle zu Kreuzungsstelle reichenden Aufhängeseilbereiche der Aufhängeseile und Bodenseilbereiche der Bodenseile liegen neben den Stützen. Das Netz ist mit Ausnahme an der ersten und an der letzten Stütze an den Kreuzungsstellen der Seile befestigt. Die vom Netz freien Aufhängeseilbereiche der Aufhängeseile und die vom Netz freien Bodenseilbereiche der Bodenseile sind an den Stützen geführt und tragen Seilzugbremselemente. Dieser Auffangzaun dient in der Regel zur Sicherung von Verkehrswegen, wie Strassen, Eisenbahnen oder Wasserstrassen, kann aber auch ausserhalb der Bereiche von Verkehrswegen zum Schutze von Menschen, Tieren oder Gebäuden eingesetzt werden. Wenn der bekannte Auffangzaun unter sehr steilen und hohen Berghängen mit überdurchschnittlich grosser Fallhöhe oder ganz allgemein an Stellen, wo Massen mit überdurchschnittlich hoher kinetischer Energie aufgefangen werden müssen, eingesetzt wird, kann dieser Auffangzaun seine Aufgabe nicht voll erfüllen. Die das Netz tragenden Seile sind nämlich an den Kreuzungsstellen, wo das Netz befestigt ist, aneinander und nicht an ortsfesten Stützen geführt. Aus diesem Grunde können grosse Seilverlängerungen auftreten, die ein Zusammenfallen des gespannten Netzes nicht nur im beanspruchten Auffangbereich, sondern auch in den benachbarten unbeanspruchten Bereichen verursachen.A safety fence of the type mentioned above is already in use. With this safety fence, both the two suspension ropes and the two floor ropes intersect between two adjacent supports. The crossing ropes are brought together at the crossing points. The attachment of the net changes from one to the other suspension rope and from one to the other bottom rope at each successive crossing point in the row. The suspension cable areas of the suspension cables and floor cable areas of the floor cables, which carry the network and extend from intersection to intersection, lie next to the supports. With the exception of the first and last supports, the net is attached to the crossing points of the ropes. The suspension rope areas of the suspension ropes that are free of the network and the floor rope areas of the floor ropes that are free of the network are guided on the supports and carry cable brake elements. This safety fence is usually used to secure traffic routes, such as roads, railways or waterways, but can also be used outside the areas of traffic routes to protect people, animals or buildings. If the well-known safety fence is very steep and high mountain slopes with an above-average drop height or in general in places where masses with above-average kinetic energy have to be collected, this safety fence cannot fully fulfill its task. The ropes carrying the net are namely at the intersection where the net is attached to each other and not on fixed supports. For this reason, large rope extensions can occur, which cause the tensioned net to collapse not only in the stressed collection area, but also in the neighboring unstressed areas.

Aus der FR-A-2605653 ist ein Auffangzaun mit mehreren an Stützen talseitig in einer Reihe gehaltenen, rechteckigen Netzen bekannt. Die Randmaschen jedes Netzes sind an einem das Netz umrahmenden Randseil befestigt. Die vier Ecken des Randseils sind an über die angrenzenden zwei Stützen oben und unten gleitend geführten Netzhalteseilen angekuppelt. Die Netzhalteseile sind bergseitig von den Stützen mit Zwischenschaltung von Seilzugbremselementen an Bodenankern abgespannt. Die Bodenverankerungsstelle und die Seilzugbremselemente liegen in der bergseitigen Gefahrenzone des Auffangzaunes. Bei einem Seiltreffer laufen die Seilzugbremselemete aus, so dass der Netzvorhang sofort an seiner Schutzhöhe verliert. Sollte der Seiltreffer sogar zum Seilbruch führen, so fällt der Schutz vollständig aus. Die Netzeinfall-Energie überträgt sich unmittelbar auf die bei Zugbeanspruchung starren Rückhalteseile der Stützen, was zu einer aufwendigen Rückhalteseil-Verankerung führt. Dieser Auffangzaun ist daher wegen den in der bergseitigen Gefahrenzone liegenden Netzhalteseilen zu unsicher und wegen den erforderlichen aufwendigen Rückhalteseil-Verankerungen wirtschaftlich nachteilig.From FR-A-2605653 a safety fence with a plurality of rectangular nets held in a row on supports on the valley side is known. The edge meshes of each net are attached to an edge rope that frames the net. The four corners of the edge rope are coupled to net holding ropes that slide over the adjacent two supports at the top and bottom. The net holding ropes are braced on the mountain side from the supports with the interposition of cable brake elements on floor anchors. The floor anchoring point and the cable brake elements are located in the mountain-side danger zone of the safety fence. If a rope hits, the cable brake elements run out, so that the net curtain immediately loses its protective height. If the rope hit even breaks the rope, the protection fails completely. The incoming energy is transferred directly to the restraining cables of the supports, which are rigid when subjected to tensile stress, which leads to an expensive anchoring of the restraining cables. This safety fence is therefore too unsafe because of the net ropes in the mountain-side danger zone and economically disadvantageous because of the required complex rope anchorings.

Aus der CH-A-357085 ist eine Anordnung zur Verankerung des Bodenseiles eines für Lawinenschutz eingesetzten Auffangzaunes bekannt. Das Aufhängeseil des Auffangnetzes ist dabei auf Stützen geführt. Das Bodenseil wird an mehreren Bodenankern befestigt. Bei dieser Art der Befestigung des Bodenseiles an den Bodenankern besteht die Gefahr eines Seilrisses, weil die durch die aufzufangende Lawine verursachte Seilkraft sehr hohe Werte erreichen kann, da das bei Zugbeanspruchung starre Bodenseil beinahe senkrecht zur Sturzrichtung der Lawine steht. Sobald das Bodenseil gerissen ist, ist die Schutzwirkung des Netzes praktisch aufgehoben. Dieser Auffangzaun kann daher nur Lawinen mit einer verhältnismässig bescheidenen kinetischen Energie auffangen.From CH-A-357085 an arrangement for anchoring the bottom cable of a safety fence used for avalanche protection is known. The suspension rope of the safety net is guided on supports. The floor rope is attached to several floor anchors. With this type of attachment of the floor rope to the floor anchors, there is a risk of a rope break because the rope force caused by the avalanche to be caught can reach very high values, since the floor rope, which is rigid when subjected to tensile stress, is almost perpendicular to the direction of the fall of the avalanche. As soon as the bottom rope is broken, the protective effect of the net is practically eliminated. This safety fence can only contain avalanches with a relatively modest kinetic energy.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es einen Auffangzaun zu entwickeln, der Lawinen, Steinschläge und Langholzrutschungen mit überdurchschnittlich grosser kinetischer Energie mit Sicherheit auffangen kann, der nach Auffangen von Lawinen, Steinschlägen oder Holzschlägen einfach wieder betriebsbereit gemacht werden kann und wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft ist.The object of the present invention is to develop a safety fence that can safely absorb avalanches, rockfalls and long wood slides with above-average kinetic energy, which can easily be made operational again after catching avalanches, stone chips or logging and is economically advantageous.

Die gestellte Aufgabe ist dadurch gelöst, dass sowohl die beiden Aufhängeseile als auch die beiden Bodenseile jeweils parallel zueinander verlaufen und voneinander unabhängig an jeder Stütze längsverschieblich geführt sind und die Aufhängeseilbereiche der Aufhängeseile und die Bodenseilbereiche der Bodenseile zwischen je zwei benachbarten Stützen liegen, wobei innerhalb der einzelnen Aufhänge- und Bodenseilbereiche das Netz an Seilen ohne Seilzugbremselemente befestigt ist und die das Netz tragenden Seile unmittelbar in den nächsten benachbarten Bereichen Seilzugbremselemente aufweisen. Diese Massnahmen ermöglichen, dass beim Auffangen einer Masse mit verhältnismässig grosser kinetischer Energie die Verlängerung des an ortsfesten Stützen geführten Aufhänge- und/oder des Bodenseiles durch Ansprechen der Seilzugbremselemente in tragbarem Rahmen bleibt und das Netz weder örtlich eng begrenzte Dehnungen aufnehmen muss, noch an Schutzhöhe wesentlich verliert. Die Seilzugbremselemente liegen ausserdem ausserhalb der bergseitigen Gefahrenzone. Dank dieser Anordnung kann auch der Abstand der Stützen grösser gewählt werden, wodurch einerseits die Wahrscheinlichkeit des direkten Treffens der Stützen durch herunterstürzende Massen kleiner wird und anderseits wirtschaftliche Vorteile erreichbar sind. Es ist auch von der Montage des Auffangzaunes her vorteilhaft, wenn die Aufhängeseilbereiche der Aufhängeseile und die Bodenseilbereiche der Bodenseile zwischen je zwei benachbarten Stützen liegen.The object is achieved in that both the two suspension ropes and the two floor ropes each run parallel to one another and are longitudinally displaceable independently of one another on each support and the suspension rope areas of the suspension ropes and the floor rope areas of the floor ropes lie between two adjacent supports, within the individual suspension and bottom rope areas, the network is attached to ropes without cable brake elements and the cables carrying the network have cable brake elements directly in the next adjacent areas. These measures ensure that when a mass with a relatively large amount of kinetic energy is caught, the extension of the suspension and / or floor rope guided on stationary supports remains in a portable frame by responding to the cable brake elements, and the network does not have to absorb locally limited strains or protection height significantly loses. The cable brake elements are also outside the mountain-side danger zone. Thanks to this arrangement, the spacing of the supports can also be chosen larger, which on the one hand reduces the likelihood of the supports directly falling due to falling masses and on the other hand achieves economic advantages. It is also advantageous in terms of the assembly of the safety fence if the suspension cable areas of the suspension cables and the floor cable areas of the floor cables are located between two adjacent supports.

Um Bodenverankerungen zu sparen, können die Bodenseile an den Fussteilen der Stützen geführt sein.To save floor anchoring, the floor cables can be guided on the foot parts of the supports.

Um die Schutzwirkung des Auffangzaunes auch gegen herunterstürzende Massen mit verhältnismässig kleinen Abmessungen durch genauere Bodenführung zu verbessern, können für die mit dem Netz verbundenen Bodenseile mehr bodenverankerte Führungselemente vorgesehen sein als Stützen vorhanden sind. Zum gleichen Zweck kann bei am Fussteil der Stützen geführten Bodenseilen das mit dem Netz verbundene Bodenseil in Bodennähe zwischen zwei Stützen mittels Bodenanker geführt sein. Um Seilrisse beim Auftreffen grosser Massen zu verhindern, kann dabei zwischen dem Bodenseil und dem Bodenanker ein Seilzugbremselement angeordnet sein.In order to improve the protective effect of the safety fence against falling masses with relatively small dimensions by more precise floor guidance, more floor-anchored guide elements can be provided for the floor cables connected to the network than supports are available. For the same purpose, in the case of floor cables guided on the foot part of the supports, the floor cable connected to the network can be guided near the floor between two supports by means of floor anchors. To prevent rope cracks when large masses hit, a rope can be inserted between the floor rope and the floor anchor Cable brake element can be arranged.

Im folgenden wird anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
einen Auffangzaun in Vorderansicht,
Fig.2
in Seitenansicht und
Fig.3
von oben.
In the following an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a safety fence in front view,
Fig. 2
in side view and
Fig. 3
from above.

In Fig.1 ist ein Auffangzaun in der Vorderansicht schematisch dargestellt. Fig.2 zeigt diesen Auffangzaun in einem einfach angedeuteten Steilhang von der Seite. Die in dieser Figur schematisch eingezeichneten Tannen haben rein symbolischen Charakter und geben insbesondere über die Masstabsverhältnisse zum Auffangzaun keine Auskunft.In Figure 1, a safety fence is shown schematically in the front view. Fig. 2 shows this safety fence in a simply indicated steep slope from the side. The fir trees shown schematically in this figure have a purely symbolic character and, in particular, do not provide any information about the scale relationships with the safety fence.

Es sind vier am Boden schwenkbar verankerte Stützen 1, 2, 3, 4 vorgesehen, die mittels Rückhalteseile 5 an den von den Fussteilen der Stützen 1, 2, 3, 4 Hang aufwärts liegenden Bodenankern 6 befestigt sind. Diese Rückhalteseile 5 sind mit Seilzugbremselementen 7 ausgerüstet. Diese Seilzugbremselemente 7 sind beispielsweise in der Schweizer Patent Nr. 668.300 beschrieben und sind in der Lage beim Ueberschreiten einer vorbestimmten Seilzugskraft die Verlängerung der Rückhalteseile 5 unter Energieaufnahme zuzulassen.There are four supports 1, 2, 3, 4 which are pivotally anchored to the floor and which are fastened by means of retaining cables 5 to the floor anchors 6 lying upward from the foot parts of the supports 1, 2, 3, 4. These retention cables 5 are equipped with cable brake elements 7. These cable brake elements 7 are described, for example, in Swiss Patent No. 668,300 and are capable of allowing the retention cables 5 to be extended while absorbing energy when a predetermined cable force is exceeded.

Die Stützen 1, 2, 3, 4 führen an ihrem oberen Endbereich vom Boden beabstandet zwei Aufhängeseile 8, 9, die seitlich an den Bodenankern 10 und 11 abgespannt sind. Die Aufhängeseile 8, 9 sind in den Stützen 1, 2, 3, 4 längsverschiebbar geführt. An den Fussteilen der Stützen 1, 2, 3, 4 sind in Bodennähe zwei Bodenseile 12, 13 längsverschiebbar geführt. Sowohl die Aufhängeseile 8, 9 als auch die Bodenseile 12, 13 sind mit Seilzubremselementen 14, 15, 16, 17 ausgerüstet. Beim Ueberschreiten einer vorbestimmten Seilzugskraft rutscht das unter Reibschluss und Deformation in einer Schlaufenform gehaltene Seil, die Schlaufe verkleinert sich dabei und das gestreckte Seil wird länger. Bei dieser Seilverlängerung wird an den Reib- und Deformationsstellen des Seiles Energie verbraucht, wie es im vorerwähnten Schweizer Patent beschrieben ist. Grundsätzlich kann jedes andere geeignete Seilzugbremselement auch verwendet werden.The supports 1, 2, 3, 4 lead at their upper end region at a distance from the floor two suspension cables 8, 9 which are braced laterally on the floor anchors 10 and 11. The suspension cables 8, 9 are guided in the supports 1, 2, 3, 4 in a longitudinally displaceable manner. On the foot parts of the supports 1, 2, 3, 4, two floor cables 12, 13 are guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner near the floor. Both the suspension cables 8, 9 and the bottom cables 12, 13 are equipped with cable braking elements 14, 15, 16, 17. When a predetermined rope tensile force is exceeded, the rope held in a loop shape under frictional engagement and deformation slips, the loop shrinks and the elongated rope becomes longer. With this rope extension, energy is used at the friction and deformation points of the rope, as described in the aforementioned Swiss patent. In principle, any other suitable cable brake element can also be used.

Der in den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 dargestellte Auffangzaun ist mit zwei, drei Aufhängeseilbereiche aufweisenden Aufhängeseilen (8, 9) und mit zwei, drei Bodenseilbereiche aufweisenden Bodenseilen (12, 13) ausgerüstet. Die Aufhängeseilbereiche und die Bodenseilbereiche liegen zwischen den benachbarten Stützen 1 und 2, 2 und 3, 3 und 4. Es ist ein Netz 18 aus Drahtseil vorgesehen, das zum Auffangen von Lawinen, Steinschlägen und Holzschlägen bestimmt ist. Dieses Netz 18 ist in jedem aufeinanderfolgenden Aufhängeseilbereich an einem anderen Aufhängeseil 8, 9 befestigt und in jedem aufeinanderfolgenden Bodenseilbereich mit einem anderen Bodenseil 12, 13 verbunden. So ist es zwischen den Stützen 1 und 2 sowie 3 und 4 mit seinem oberen Rand am Aufhängeseil 9 befestigt und an seinem unteren Rand mit dem Bodenseil 13 verbunden. Zwischen den Stützen 2 und 3 ist das Netz 18 am anderen Aufhängeseil 8 befestigt und mit dem anderen Bodenseil 12 verbunden. Die Seilzugbremselemente 14, 15, 16, 17 sind in das vom Netz 18 freien Aufhängeseil 8, 9 bzw. Bodenseil 12, 13 eingefügt. So sind die Seilzugbremselemente 14 und 16 zwischen den Stützen 1 und 2, bzw. 3 und 4 in das Aufhängeseil 8 und in das Bodenseil 12 eingefügt. Zwischen den Stützen 2 und 3 sind hingegen die Seilzugbremselemente 15 und 17 im Aufhängeseil 9 und im Bodenseil 13 zu finden.The safety fence shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is equipped with two suspension ropes (8, 9) having three suspension rope areas and with two floor ropes (12, 13) having three floor rope areas. The suspension rope areas and the floor rope areas lie between the adjacent supports 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4. A network 18 of wire rope is provided, which is intended for catching avalanches, stone chips and logging. This net 18 is fastened to a different suspension rope 8, 9 in each successive suspension rope area and is connected to a different floor rope 12, 13 in each successive floor rope area. So it is fixed between the supports 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 with its upper edge on the suspension cable 9 and connected to the lower cable 13 at its lower edge. Between the supports 2 and 3, the network 18 is attached to the other suspension cable 8 and connected to the other floor cable 12. The cable brake elements 14, 15, 16, 17 are inserted into the suspension cable 8, 9 or floor cable 12, 13 which is free of the network 18. So the cable brake elements 14 and 16 are inserted between the supports 1 and 2, or 3 and 4 in the suspension cable 8 and in the bottom cable 12. Between the supports 2 and 3, however, the cable brake elements 15 and 17 can be found in the suspension cable 9 and in the bottom cable 13.

Um die Schutzwirkung des Auffangzaunes auch für Kleingeröll aufrechtzuerhalten, wird für das Netz 18 eine möglichst genaue Bodenanpassung angestrebt. Diese genaue Bodenführung erreicht man im allgemeinen, indem es mehr bodenverankerte Führungselemete als Stützen 1, 2, 3, 4 vorgesehen sind. So ist das Netz 18 zwischen den beiden Stützen 2 und 3 über das Bodenseil 12 durch ein Bodenanker 19 zusätzlich geführt. Zwischen dem mit dem Netz 18 verbundenen Bodenseil 12 und dem Bodenanker 19 ist ein Seilzugbremselement 20 angeordnet.In order to maintain the protective effect of the collecting fence also for small scree, the most accurate possible ground adaptation is sought for the net 18. This precise floor guidance is generally achieved by providing more floor-anchored guide elements than supports 1, 2, 3, 4. Thus, the network 18 is additionally guided between the two supports 2 and 3 via the floor cable 12 by a floor anchor 19. A cable brake element 20 is arranged between the bottom cable 12 connected to the network 18 and the bottom anchor 19.

Die Wirkungsweise des Auffangzaunes ist die folgende:
Es sei angenommen, dass zwischen den Stützen 2 und 3 ein grosser Stein in das Netz 18 fällt. In diesem Fall wird sich das Netz 18 in diesem Bereich talwärts ausdehnen und die in diesem Bereich das Netz 18 haltenden Seile, Aufhängeseil 8 und Bodenseil 12, mitnehmen. Diese Seile müssen nachgeben und durch Energieaufnahme den Aufprall des Steines dämpfen. Die in den benachbarten Bereichen, zwischen den Stützen 1 und 2 sowie 3 und 4 liegenden Seilzugbremselemente 14 und 16 erfüllen diese Aufgabe. Die das Netz 18 tragenden Seile, Aufhängeseil 8 und Bodenseil 12 werden beim Auffangen des erwähnten Steines im Auffangbereich, zwischen den Stützen 2 und 3 nicht gestreckt, wodurch allfällige Netzrisse vermieden werden können. Das am Bodenanker 19 befestigte Seil ist über das Seilzugbremselement 20 am das Netz 18 tragenden Bodenseil 12 angeschlossen, so dass sich das Bodenseil 12 an dieser Stelle auch talwärts ausdehnen kann und nicht reisst. Das Seilzugbremselement 20 entzieht aus dem Netz 18 auch Energie und trägt zur Dämpfung des Aufpralles des angenommenen Steines bei. Da die schwenkbaren Stützen 1, 2, 3, 4 über Seilzugbremselemente 7 an den Bodenankern 6 befestigt sind, werden beim Auftreffen einer grossen energiereichen Masse auf das Netz 18 auch diese Seilzugbremselemente 7 unter Energieaufnahme ansprechen und die Verlängerung der Rückhalteseile 5 zulassen. Die Rückhalteseile 5 tragen somit auch zur Dämpfung des Aufpralles des angenommenen Steines bei. Die Vorgänge sind beim Auftreffen von Massen mit grosser kinetischer Energie zwischen anderen oder zwischen mehreren Stützen 1, 2, 3, 4 ähnlich.
The safety fence works as follows:
It is assumed that a large stone falls into the net 18 between the supports 2 and 3. In this case, the net 18 will extend downward in this area and take along the ropes, the suspension rope 8 and the bottom rope 12, which hold the net 18 in this area. These ropes have to give way and absorb the impact of the stone by absorbing energy. The cable brake elements 14 and 16 lying in the adjacent areas, between the supports 1 and 2 and 3 and 4, fulfill this task. The ropes carrying the net 18 Suspension rope 8 and bottom rope 12 are not stretched between the supports 2 and 3 when the stone mentioned is caught in the catchment area, as a result of which possible network tears can be avoided. The rope attached to the ground anchor 19 is connected via the cable brake element 20 to the bottom rope 12 carrying the net 18, so that the bottom rope 12 can also expand downward at this point and does not tear. The cable brake element 20 also draws energy from the network 18 and contributes to damping the impact of the assumed stone. Since the pivotable supports 1, 2, 3, 4 are attached to the floor anchors 6 via cable brake elements 7, these cable brake elements 7 will also respond to energy absorption when a large, high-energy mass hits the network 18 and allow the retention cables 5 to be extended. The restraint ropes 5 thus also contribute to damping the impact of the assumed stone. The processes are similar when masses with high kinetic energy strike one another or between several supports 1, 2, 3, 4.

Dadurch, dass die Aufhängeseile und die Bodenseile in mehrere, gleich lange Bereiche unterteilt sind und innerhalb der einzelnen Bereiche das Netz an Seilen ohne Seilzugbremselemente befestigt ist und die das Netz tragenden Seile unmittelbar in den nächsten benachbarten Bereichen Seilzugbremselemente aufweisen, kann der Auffangzaun Lawinen, Steinschläge und Holzschläge mit überdurchschnittlich grosser kinetischer Energie auffangen. Es ist wesentlich, dass die Seilzugbremselemente in nächster Nähe der das Netz tragenden Seilteile angeordnet sind, um die ausserhalb des Auffangbereiches liegenden Stützen und Netzteile nicht unnötig zu beanspruchen.Because the suspension ropes and the floor ropes are divided into several areas of the same length, and within the individual areas the network is attached to ropes without cable brake elements and the cables carrying the network have cable brake elements directly in the next adjacent areas, the safety fence can cause avalanches, stone chips and catch logs with above average kinetic energy. It is essential that the cable brake elements are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the cable parts carrying the net, in order not to unnecessarily stress the supports and power packs located outside the catchment area.

Die durch den Auffangzaun aufgefangenen Massen, möglicherweise mit Ausnahme von Schnee, müssen spätestens bei voll ausgefahrenen Seilzugbremselementen aus dem Netz 18 entfernt werden. Die beim Auffangen einer grossen Masse gestreckten Seile, Aufhängeseile 8, 9, Bodenseile 12, 13, Rückhalteseile 5 müssen wieder gespannt und dabei die ausgefahrenen Seilzugbremselemente 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20 ersetzt werden. Bei der beschriebenen Anordnung ist das Auswechseln der ausgefahrenen Seilzugbremselemente 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20 besonders einfach, weil diese Elemente an freiliegenden Seilen, meistens über leicht lösbare Seilkupplungselemente angeschlossen sind. Die Betriebsbereitschaft des Auffangzaunes kann daher kostengünstig und einfach wieder erstellt werden.The masses collected by the safety fence, possibly with the exception of snow, must be removed from the network 18 at the latest when the cable brake elements are fully extended. The ropes stretched when collecting a large mass, suspension ropes 8, 9, floor ropes 12, 13, retaining ropes 5 must be tensioned again and the extended cable brake elements 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20 must be replaced. In the arrangement described, the replacement of the extended cable brake elements 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20 is particularly simple because these elements are connected to exposed cables, mostly via easily detachable cable coupling elements. The operational readiness of the safety fence can therefore be easily and inexpensively restored.

Selbstverständlich kann ein Auffangzaun mit den beanspruchten Merkmalen auch mit starren anstatt schwenkbaren Stützen ausgeführt sein. Bei starren Stützen entfallen in der Regel die Rückhalteseile.Of course, a safety fence with the claimed features can also be designed with rigid instead of pivoting supports. In the case of rigid supports, the restraining cables are generally not required.

Claims (4)

  1. A fence for avalanches, rockfall or felling, with at least one net (18) attached with its upper edge to a suspension rope (8, 9) and with its lower edge to a floor rope (12, 13) guided near the floor and with supports (1, 2, 3, 4) holding the suspension rope at a distance from the floor and with cable pull brake elements (14, 15, 16, 17) which lie in the zone of the net and which on exceeding a predefined cable pull force allow the extension of the suspension rope and the floor rope under the absorption of energy, whereby there are provided at least two suspension ropes (8, 9) provided with at least two suspension rope zones and at least two floor ropes (12, 13) provided with at least two floor rope zones and that the net (18) is successively attached in each of the suspension rope zones arranged in a row to an other suspension rope (8, 9), and that the net (18) is successively attached in each of the floor rope zones arranged in a row to an other floor rope (12, 13), and that the cable pull brake elements (14, 15, 16, 17) provided for each suspension rope (8, 9) and for each floor rope (12, 13) are connected to suspension rope zones of the suspension ropes (8, 9) which are free from the net (18) and to floor rope zones of the floor ropes (12, 13) which are free from the net (18), characterized in that both the two suspension ropes (8, 9) as well as the two floor ropes (12, 13) each extend parallel with respect to one another and that they are longitudinally displaceably guided on each support (1, 2, 3, 4) independently from one another and that the suspension rope zones of the suspension ropes (8, 9) and the floor rope zones of the floor ropes (12, 13) are each situated between two adjacent supports (1, 2, 3, 4), with the net being attached within the individual suspension and floor rope zones to ropes (8, 9, 12, 13) without cable pull brake elements (14, 15, 16, 17) and with the ropes (8, 9, 12, 13) carrying the net (18) being provided with cable pull brake elements (14, 15, 16, 17) in the directly adjacent zones.
  2. A fence as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the floor ropes (12, 13) are guided on the base parts of the supports (1, 2, 3, 4).
  3. A fence as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 2, characterized in that more floor-anchored guiding elements are provided for the floor ropes connected with the net (18) than there are supports (1, 2, 3, 4).
  4. A fence as claimed in claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the floor rope (12) connected with the net (18) is guided in the vicinity of the floor between two supports (2, 3) by means of a floor anchor (19).
EP90121098A 1988-10-12 1990-11-03 Fence for avalanches, rockfall or felling Expired - Lifetime EP0484563B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3804/88A CH676259A5 (en) 1988-10-12 1988-10-12
EP90121098A EP0484563B1 (en) 1988-10-12 1990-11-03 Fence for avalanches, rockfall or felling
DE59005766T DE59005766D1 (en) 1988-10-12 1990-11-03 Safety fence for avalanches, stone chips or logging.
AT90121098T ATE105890T1 (en) 1988-10-12 1990-11-03 SAFETY FENCE FOR AVALANCHE, ROCK FALL OR LOG FALL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3804/88A CH676259A5 (en) 1988-10-12 1988-10-12
EP90121098A EP0484563B1 (en) 1988-10-12 1990-11-03 Fence for avalanches, rockfall or felling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0484563A1 EP0484563A1 (en) 1992-05-13
EP0484563B1 true EP0484563B1 (en) 1994-05-18

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EP90121098A Expired - Lifetime EP0484563B1 (en) 1988-10-12 1990-11-03 Fence for avalanches, rockfall or felling

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EP (1) EP0484563B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE105890T1 (en)
CH (1) CH676259A5 (en)
DE (1) DE59005766D1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100604179B1 (en) * 1996-08-30 2006-12-07 파처 아게 Protective device that prevents rockfall and absorbs high kinetic energy such as rockfall
FR2763083B1 (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-07-02 Sol Systemes DYNAMIC FALLING STONE BARRIER WITH ENERGY DISSIPATION LOOP
FR2816335B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-08-15 Mecanroc PROTECTION BARRIER, ESPECIALLY FOR MOUNTAIN SITES
CH695104A5 (en) * 2000-11-13 2005-12-15 Fatzer Ag Safety net especially for rockfall barriers
KR100854138B1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2008-08-26 파처 아게 Catchment Net for Rockfall Catchment Systems or the Like
EP1500747B2 (en) 2003-07-24 2015-12-23 Trumer Schutzbauten GesmbH Supported energy absorbing structure
CH696469A5 (en) * 2003-09-10 2007-06-29 Fatzer Ag Safety net, especially for rockfall barriers.
CH697825B1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2009-02-27 Isofer Ag Collecting fence for avalanches rock or felling.
AT503574B1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-11-15 Isofer Ag Safety barrier, for protection against e.g. avalanches comprises net mounted on cables at front and back which are fitted with cable brakes to improve energy absorption, additional cables with cable brakes being attached to rear of net
FR2953228B1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2012-01-20 Heaven Climber Invest H C Invest SCREEN SCREEN
ES2652294T3 (en) 2014-09-29 2018-02-01 Trumer Schutzbauten Ges.M.B.H Protective construction
DE102020113269B3 (en) 2020-05-15 2021-09-30 Pfeifer Isofer Ag Safety net for rockfall protection barriers
DE102020131687A1 (en) 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Trumer Schutzbauten Ges.M.B.H Protective barrier and method for dissipating tensile load introduced into a carrying cable of a carrying cable arrangement of the protective barrier
CN113089513B (en) * 2021-05-07 2022-08-05 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 Foldable steel shed tunnel structure suitable for emergency rescue and construction method thereof

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CH357085A (en) * 1959-03-14 1961-09-30 Ulrich Anxionnaz Jean Anchoring device for avalanche protection net
FR2605653B1 (en) * 1986-10-22 1990-11-16 Thomas Gerard METHOD FOR DYNAMIC BRAKING IN PARTICULAR OF UNSTABLE BLOCKS AND ITS IMPLEMENTING DEVICE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0484563A1 (en) 1992-05-13
CH676259A5 (en) 1990-12-28
ATE105890T1 (en) 1994-06-15
DE59005766D1 (en) 1994-06-23

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