EP0484236B1 - Method of spreading bitumen at low velocity, device used in such a method and machine comprising such a device - Google Patents

Method of spreading bitumen at low velocity, device used in such a method and machine comprising such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0484236B1
EP0484236B1 EP91402906A EP91402906A EP0484236B1 EP 0484236 B1 EP0484236 B1 EP 0484236B1 EP 91402906 A EP91402906 A EP 91402906A EP 91402906 A EP91402906 A EP 91402906A EP 0484236 B1 EP0484236 B1 EP 0484236B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spreading
machine
ramp
binder
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91402906A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0484236A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Luzu
Pierre Richard
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A C M A R A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
Acmar SAS
Original Assignee
A C M A R A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
Acmar SAS
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Publication of EP0484236A1 publication Critical patent/EP0484236A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/48—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/005—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 mounted on vehicles or designed to apply a liquid on a very large surface, e.g. on the road, on the surface of large containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0405—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with reciprocating or oscillating spray heads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/16—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials for applying or spreading liquid materials, e.g. bitumen slurries
    • E01C19/17—Application by spraying or throwing
    • E01C19/176—Spraying or throwing elements, e.g. nozzles; Arrangement thereof or supporting structures therefor, e.g. spray-bars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for spreading bitumen and in particular binder; it also relates to the device for implementing the method as well as the machine, of the finisher type for example, capable of including such a device.
  • the creation or repair of pavements by depositing a layer of bituminous mixes using a finisher, requires the prior spreading of a bonding layer.
  • This bonding layer is spread over the surface to be treated by spreading bituminous binder or bitumen emulsion. This spreading is often carried out before the paver passes, using a conventional spreading vehicle; the paver is therefore required to move over the layer of freshly spread binder, like the vehicles responsible for supplying it with bituminous mixes.
  • This spreading device comprises one or more spray nozzles.
  • Each nozzle is mounted on a ramp arranged at the rear of the paver, between the tracks and the asphalt distribution screw. It moves transversely and is animated by a movement which is controlled by the speed and / or the movement of the paver and which is synchronized with its advance.
  • EP-A-292 337 proposes the adaptation of two small ramps behind the tracks of the paver and conventional ramps at the front but carried by a machine which constitutes a kind of extension at the front of the paver.
  • the paver which has its own propulsion means, moves on the surface to be treated, at a speed which is less than 25m / min, generally of the order of 12 to 13m / min.
  • the spreading of the bituminous binder is an operation which is carried out at a speed significantly higher than that of the paver, taking into account the nature of the binder, generally around 30m / min.
  • the binder is a product whose viscosity requires the use of nozzles provided with an appropriate flow orifice. These orifices have an optimized section so as to avoid the risks of blockage.
  • the flow rate of the nozzles is relatively high and, therefore, taking into account the dosages imposed, that is to say given the amount of binder deposited per m2, its spreading takes place at a relatively high speed clearly greater than that encountered for the removal of the asphalt.
  • EP-A-458 667 proposes a dynamic spreading by a back and forth movement of the jet which extends over a relatively large distance.
  • GB-A-1 041 511 also describes a dynamic spreading of the same type.
  • any variation in the movement of the paver will affect the regularity of the spreading and / or the geometry of the emulsion plate deposited by the nozzle.
  • the invention proposes to carry out a spreading which does not depend on the speed of advance of the machine but only on the parameters of the nozzles.
  • These nozzles are preferably conventional nozzles; they have their own operating parameters.
  • the duration of the spreading sequence must be less than the time taken by the machine to cover the spreading step; this duration of the spreading sequence is determined by the number of nozzles arranged on the boom, which number is chosen so as to save a stop time for the nozzles.
  • the invention proposes means which make it possible to carry out a precise spreading of the binder from a machine whose speed of advance on the surface to be treated is relatively low, which speed corresponds in particular to that which one meets on the asphalt laying machines.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to spread bituminous binder, by means of a ramp fitted with conventional nozzles, or nozzles, that is to say nozzles whose flow rate is such that the risks of clogging are nonexistent; this ramp can be installed directly on the paver.
  • the invention mainly proposes means which make it possible to overcome the constraints of the spreading of a bituminous binder and to carry out this spreading whatever the speed or the variations in speed of advance of the machine which deposits the mix; thus the invention makes it possible to guarantee optimal spreading of the binder, from the complete stopping of this machine, up to its maximum speed.
  • the dosage of the binder that is to say the quantity of binder deposited per m2 of surface to be treated, promotes the quality of the bonding of the mix but also the quality of the surface condition of said mix.
  • the invention also makes it possible to promote breakage with the deposition of the mix, that is to say to achieve a natural dissociation of the water-bitumen mixture, by allowing a certain time to elapse between the two operations, namely the spreading operation on the one hand and the asphalt removal operation on the other hand. This feature tends to improve the quality of the bonding of the asphalt layer on the surface to be treated.
  • the invention makes it possible to work on the site in much better conditions, due to the cleanliness of the site, which in particular improves the safety of the personnel and, subsequently, that of the users.
  • the bonding layer is produced by spreading the binder on the surface to be treated at a speed which with respect to the ground is greater than or equal to the speed of advance of said asphalt mixing machine.
  • the invention makes it possible to deposit, step by step, binder, within a precise perimeter, so as to form plates which juxtapose substantially edge to edge to form a layer of binder, continuous and substantially regular in thickness, on the surface to be treated. whatever the machine speed variations.
  • the invention proposes to break down each spreading step or sequence, by performing at least one spreading time, the duration of which is fixed, which is carried out on a forward and / or return movement of the boom and at least one downtime, without spreading, the duration of which is linked to the forward speed of the machine in reverse.
  • This emulsion spreading sequence is triggered automatically each time the finisher has progressed by a distance which corresponds to the spreading pitch achieved by the nozzles.
  • the ramp marks at least one stopping time, the duration of which is related to the speed of advance of the machine; this downtime is preserved by a choice of the number of nozzles arranged on the boom.
  • the spreading device is supported by a mobile machine on the ground and it comprises at least one spreading ramp provided with at least one nozzle forming a binder jet; this device comprises means making it possible to move the jet of binder relative to said machine, at a speed greater than or equal to the speed of advance of this machine, at least during the phase of spreading the binder on the ground.
  • This spreading device comprises at least one slide integral with the machine, making it possible to move the ramp sequentially on said slide, or means making it possible to oscillate the nozzles to sweep the surface to be treated with the jets of binder.
  • this spreading device comprises means for determining the path traveled by the machine on the ground, means for triggering a spreading sequence which comprises: - the sweeping back and forth movements, and - the or downtime.
  • the spreading device comprises, for maneuvering the boom, two opposite cylinders, of the single-acting type, supplied through a distributor of the crossed type, which cylinders each have an orifice allowing, at the end stroke, a free escape of the operating fluid during the stop time of the ramp.
  • the invention also relates to the machine and in particular the paver allowing the production or repair of pavements, of the type comprising, at the front, a hopper for receiving asphalt, and, at the rear, a table for distributing these coated on the ground, and a binder spreading device which makes it possible to spread the latter on the surface to be treated intermittently, at a speed greater than or equal to the maximum speed of advance of the paver, associated with means which used to trigger a spreading sequence during which said ramp observes a downtime.
  • the paver allowing the production or repair of pavements, of the type comprising, at the front, a hopper for receiving asphalt, and, at the rear, a table for distributing these coated on the ground, and a binder spreading device which makes it possible to spread the latter on the surface to be treated intermittently, at a speed greater than or equal to the maximum speed of advance of the paver, associated with means which used to trigger a spreading sequence during which said ramp observes a downtime.
  • Figure 1 schematically, a machine of the finisher type allowing the application on the floor of a layer of bituminous coated material type.
  • This paver has a track-like undercarriage 1 or wheels, which in particular supports a hopper 2 at the front, and it includes, at the rear of the tracks, a table 3 used for the distribution of the material on the surface. treat.
  • a bonding layer is spread out beforehand by means of a ramp 4 arranged transversely on the machine.
  • the spreading ramp 4 is located behind the tracks 1 to avoid the latter to roll over the freshly deposited bonding layer.
  • the ramp 4 b can be placed at the front of the finisher. This arrangement improves accessibility to the boom for maintenance operations and has the advantage of allowing a certain time to elapse between the two operations, namely the spreading operation on the one hand, and the operation on the other hand.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b have illustrated some possibilities for positioning the ramp 4 on the finisher.
  • a ramp 4 a which extends to the rear caterpillars 1 over the entire width of the finisher. It is also possible to use, depending on the space available on the finisher, several portions of ramps as shown in FIG. 2a.
  • a section 41 at the front of the finisher which covers the space between the tracks 1.
  • This ramp 41 can be arranged in front of the tracks 1, under the hopper 2 for example.
  • the rolling area of the tracks 1 is covered either by a short section 42, or by a wider section 43, which extends beyond the size of the tracks.
  • the part located outside the tracks 1 can also be covered by a section 44 which completes the action of the section 42.
  • These different sections 41 to 44 carry out the spreading of a layer corresponding to the width of the distribution table 3. These different sections are positioned so as to avoid rolling of the tracks 1 on the bonding layer.
  • FIG. 2b shows a ramp 45, of the telescopic type by means of two lateral portions 46, which is located at the front of the finisher, under the hopper 2.
  • this ramp at the front will be used.
  • the risks of slipping and fouling of the tracks require the use of nozzles 47 arranged at the rear of the tracks of the finisher. These nozzles 47 will replace the corresponding nozzles of the ramp 45 located at the front.
  • the ramps 4 a and 4 b are equipped with conventional nozzles comprising sprinklers whose sections allow flow rates of the order of 3 to 9 liters per minute, which avoids the risk of clogging.
  • FIG. 3 shows a simple diagram functional, a spreading device arranged transversely to the direction of advance of the carrier machine which makes it possible to produce longitudinal strips 6 of binder, arranged edge to edge to form the bonding layer.
  • Each strip 6 has a width which corresponds to the distance between two nozzles 7 of the ramp 4 and it consists of a plurality of plates 8 juxtaposed and arranged edge to edge on the surface to be covered.
  • These plates 8 have a shape which depends on the speed of advance. Their shape is most often almost rectangular; it looks like a parallelogram when the ratio between the speed of spreading of the binder and that of the removal of the asphalt decreases. When the speed of the machine varies between two scans, there may be a slight overlap of the plates 8.
  • the length of the plates corresponds to the width of the strips 6 and their width corresponds to the width of the jet 9 of the nozzles 7.
  • the ramp 4 is guided by appropriate means on a slide 10 which is integral with the frame 11 of the finishing machine.
  • This slide 10 is arranged transversely to the direction of advance of the machine. It can consist of several sections which are then arranged, as for the ramps shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, either at the front of the machine, or laterally with respect to the tracks 1, or at the rear of the tracks 1.
  • the ramp 4 is movable on this slide 10 by means of a jack 12 secured to the frame 11 and which is actuated by a distributor 13 by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic supply for example.
  • the stroke C of the jack 12 corresponds to the spacing between two nozzles 7 of the ramp 4. It also corresponds to the width of a strip 6 of binder.
  • This jack 12 is controlled, through the distributor 13, by means of a sensor-like member 14, which triggers a spreading sequence as a function of information given for example by a wheel 15, in contact with the ground.
  • This wheel 15 is a coded wheel, by appropriate means, of the nipple or hole type which cooperates with the member. detector 14 so as to trigger a spreading sequence when the finishing machine has advanced by a distance which corresponds to the pitch P of the spreading.
  • This pitch P of the spreading corresponds to the width of the jet 9 or bundle of binder projected by the nozzles 7, on the ground.
  • Each strip 6 of binder consists of a juxtaposition of plates 8 whose dimensions correspond to the stroke C of the jack 12 and to the pitch P of the spreading, that is to say to the imprint of the beam of the nozzle 7, on the ground.
  • the nozzles 7 spread the binder within a very precise perimeter by means of a sweep of the surface to be treated.
  • the binder layer is obtained by a transverse scanning movement; it can be obtained by a longitudinal scanning movement. This scanning is itself obtained either by a global movement of the nozzle carrying ramp 7, or by an oscillation movement of the nozzles around transverse or longitudinal axes.
  • the nozzles 7 are oriented accordingly to position the jet 9 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement or oscillation of the nozzle.
  • a longitudinal sweep that is to say a sweep in the same direction as the advancement of the machine, the variations in the advancement speed of said machine will not cause overlapping phenomena of two successive plates 8, as may possibly be observed in the case of a transverse scan.
  • damping means 16 and 17 arranged at the ends of the slide 10 to soften the transverse movement of the ramp 4.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a succession of sequences of spreading of binder by the device of FIG. 3.
  • the movement of the nozzles 7, seen from above, on the ground has been shown diagrammatically on this diagram.
  • the diagram shows the transverse stroke C of a nozzle 7 and its longitudinal displacement D.
  • the nozzle travels a forward path A which corresponds to the stroke C of the jack 12, then it performs a return R of the same elongation which reposition it at its starting point.
  • the outward and return journey of the nozzle takes place in a time which is less than the time necessary for the machine to cover the pitch P of the spreading.
  • the ramp 4 remains in the rest position while the machine continues to advance, waiting for the start of another spreading sequence.
  • This rest period S makes it possible to absorb any variations in speed of the finishing machine. If the time required for a nozzle to go back and forth becomes greater than the time taken by the machine to cover the spreading step, it suffices to multiply the number of nozzles to reduce the time spent in a sequence by as much, during spreading, and maintain a sufficient rest period S between two spreading sequences.
  • This spreading is generally carried out in a single layer during the outward journey A of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 5 shows, by means of a functional diagram, a spreading device which takes up the essential characteristics of the device represented in FIG. 3.
  • the surface which is to receive the coating layer, is covered with binder and in particular with plates 8 as described in relation to FIG. 3.
  • the spreading device comprises two jacks 21 and 22 arranged back to back, to maneuver the boom 4.
  • These jacks 21 and 22 are of the single effect type : the jack 21 pulls the ramp to move it from left to right, as shown in Figure 5; the jack 22 pulls on the ramp 4 to move it from right to left.
  • These two cylinders have the same stroke C which corresponds to the distance between two nozzles 7.
  • These jacks 21 and 22 each comprise a supply 211-221 which is located at the level of the passage face of the rod of each of them. At the other end of the body of these jacks, there are respectively the exhaust orifices 212 and 222, located upstream of the piston when the latter reaches the end of the stroke. There is thus obtained end-of-travel damping and a pressure drop in the hydraulic supply circuit without prejudice to operation. This feature provides a free escape of the operating fluid during the ramp down times at each end of travel.
  • the jacks 21 and 22 are integral with the frame 11 of the machine. They are positioned in opposition, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the volume of their chamber can be different to allow a variation in the speed of movement of the ramp 4 on the outward and return as the feed rate is constant .
  • This possibility of varying the speed of the ramp on the outward and return journey makes it possible to carry out different dosages depending on whether the nozzles are used on the outward or return journey.
  • the use of the outward and return for spreading allows a dosage of 750g / m2.
  • This variation of the dosage can thus be carried out simply by a choice of the spreading period by means of a simple selector, without changing anything at the installation.
  • the two jacks 21 and 22 are actuated under the effect of a distributor 23 of the crossed type comprising an electromagnet which allows the displacement of the drawer in one direction, and a return spring of the drawer.
  • This distributor 23 receives an order to operate one of the jacks; deleting this order automatically operates the other cylinder.
  • the distributor 23 is subject to the orders of a counter programmable electronics 24 which receives the pulses from a generator 25 driven by any suitable means, the movement of which is proportional to the speed of advance of the machine.
  • this generator 25 is mounted at the end of a drive shaft for the tracks 1 of the machine; it determines its advance on the surface to be treated, and the distance traveled.
  • the cylinders 21 and 22 are supplied by a pump 26 drawing from a reservoir 27.
  • the outlet orifices 212 and 222 situated at the bottom of the cylinders 21 and 22 are connected to the reservoir 27 containing the hydraulic fluid, by a conduit 28.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically the movement of the nozzles 7 on the surface to be treated, as a function of the movement of the machine.
  • These nozzles 7 carry out rounds A and return R interspersed with exposure time SA , SR .
  • the electronic counter 24 sends pulses intended for the distributor 23, to activate one of the jacks 21 or 22; the duration of these pulses corresponds to half the time necessary to travel a distance P which corresponds to the width on the ground of the jets 9, according to the example of FIGS. 5 and 3a.
  • the supply pressure is practically zero, due to the free escape of the hydraulic fluid through the orifice 212.
  • the pulse normally given to the solenoid of the distributor 23 is suppressed, and it is the spring of the latter which comes into action to allow the supply of the 'other cylinder 22, which causes the return movement of the ramp at the end of which a rest time SR is observed until the moment when a new pulse on the solenoid of the distributor 23 allows another forward movement of the ramp .

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Abstract

The method consists in simultaneously effecting, on a finisher for example, a spraying of the bonding binder and the deposition of the bituminous mix. The spraying of the binder is effected, at a speed which is greater than the speed of deposition of the bituminous mix, by means of conventional spray nozzles. The spraying device, installed on the finisher, for implementing the method, comprises at least one spray boom (4a, 4b) arranged in front of the table (3) used for the distribution of the bituminous mix over the ground. The spray boom or booms are mounted on a slide arranged transversely relative to the direction of advance of the finisher, and means for manoeuvring the boom, in the form of one or more rams controlled by a distributor through the action of an apparatus for measuring the displacement of the finisher relative to the ground, trigger the spraying sequences of the binder in step with the advance of the finisher. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'épandage de bitume et en particulier de liant ; elle concerne également le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ainsi que la machine, du genre finisseur par exemple, susceptible de comporter un tel dispositif.The present invention relates to a process for spreading bitumen and in particular binder; it also relates to the device for implementing the method as well as the machine, of the finisher type for example, capable of including such a device.

La réalisation ou la réfection de chaussées, par dépôt d'une couche d'enrobés bitumineux au moyen d'un finisseur, nécessite l'épandage préalable d'une couche d'accrochage. Cette couche d'accrochage est étalée sur la surface à traiter par épandage de liant bitumineux ou émulsion de bitume. Cet épandage est souvent réalisé avant le passage du finisseur, au moyen d'un véhicule classique d'épandage ; le finisseur est donc amené à se déplacer sur la couche de liant fraîchement étalé, comme les véhicules chargés de l'alimenter en enrobés bitumineux.The creation or repair of pavements, by depositing a layer of bituminous mixes using a finisher, requires the prior spreading of a bonding layer. This bonding layer is spread over the surface to be treated by spreading bituminous binder or bitumen emulsion. This spreading is often carried out before the paver passes, using a conventional spreading vehicle; the paver is therefore required to move over the layer of freshly spread binder, like the vehicles responsible for supplying it with bituminous mixes.

Le document EP-A-458 667, publié après le dépôt de la présente demande propose d'adapter, directement sur le finisseur, un dispositif d'épandage d'émulsion.Document EP-A-458 667, published after the filing of the present application proposes to adapt, directly to the finisher, an emulsion spreading device.

Ce dispositif d'épandage comporte une ou plusieurs buses de pulvérisation. Chaque buse est montée sur une rampe disposée à l'arrière du finisseur, entre les chenilles et la vis de répartition de l'enrobé. Elle se déplace transversalement et est animée d'un mouvement qui est asservi à la vitesse et/ou au déplacement du finisseur et qui est synchronisé avec son avancement.This spreading device comprises one or more spray nozzles. Each nozzle is mounted on a ramp arranged at the rear of the paver, between the tracks and the asphalt distribution screw. It moves transversely and is animated by a movement which is controlled by the speed and / or the movement of the paver and which is synchronized with its advance.

Un autre document, EP-A-292 337, propose l'adaptation de deux petites rampes derrière les chenilles du finisseur et des rampes classiques à l'avant mais portées par un engin qui constitue une sorte de prolongement à l'avant du finisseur.Another document, EP-A-292 337, proposes the adaptation of two small ramps behind the tracks of the paver and conventional ramps at the front but carried by a machine which constitutes a kind of extension at the front of the paver.

Sur le chantier les opérations de dépose d'enrobés et d'épandage de liant, s'effectuent à des vitesses totalement différentes. Le finisseur, qui comporte ses propres moyens de propulsion évolue sur la surface à traiter, à une vitesse qui est inférieure à 25m/mn, généralement de l'ordre de 12 à 13m/mn. L'épandage du liant bitumineux est une opération qui s'effectue à une vitesse nettement plus importante que celle du finisseur, compte-tenu de la nature du liant, généralement autour de 30m/mn. Le liant est un produit dont la viscosité impose l'utilisation de gicleurs munis d'un orifice d'écoulement approprié. Ces orifices ont une section optimisée de façon à éviter les risques de bouchage. Le débit des gicleurs est relativement important et, de ce fait, compte-tenu des dosages imposés, c'est-à-dire compte-tenu de la quantité de liant déposé par m², son épandage s'effectue à une vitesse relativement élevée nettement supérieure à celle que l'on rencontre pour la dépose de l'enrobé.On site, the asphalt laying operations and the spreading of binder are carried out at completely different speeds. The paver, which has its own propulsion means, moves on the surface to be treated, at a speed which is less than 25m / min, generally of the order of 12 to 13m / min. The spreading of the bituminous binder is an operation which is carried out at a speed significantly higher than that of the paver, taking into account the nature of the binder, generally around 30m / min. The binder is a product whose viscosity requires the use of nozzles provided with an appropriate flow orifice. These orifices have an optimized section so as to avoid the risks of blockage. The flow rate of the nozzles is relatively high and, therefore, taking into account the dosages imposed, that is to say given the amount of binder deposited per m², its spreading takes place at a relatively high speed clearly greater than that encountered for the removal of the asphalt.

Dans le document EP-A-292 337 précité, il est prévu de disposer la rampe principale sur un chariot motorisé et de déplacer cette rampe longitudinalement, c'est-à-dire selon le sens d'avancement ; cette disposition constructive permettant éventuellement un déplacement alternatif d'amplitude réduite et réglable de ladite rampe.In the aforementioned document EP-A-292 337, provision is made to place the main ramp on a motorized carriage and to move this ramp longitudinally, that is to say according to the direction of advance; this constructive arrangement possibly allowing an alternative displacement of reduced and adjustable amplitude of said ramp.

Le document EP-A-458 667 précité, propose un épandage dynamique par un mouvement de va et vient du jet qui s'étend sur une distance relativement important.The aforementioned document EP-A-458 667 proposes a dynamic spreading by a back and forth movement of the jet which extends over a relatively large distance.

GB-A-1 041 511 décrit également un épandage dynamique du même type.GB-A-1 041 511 also describes a dynamic spreading of the same type.

Aussi dans les trois cas, une variation quelconque dans le mouvement du finisseur va se répercuter sur la régularité de l'épandage et/ou sur la géométrie de la plaque d'émulsion déposée par la buse.Also in the three cases, any variation in the movement of the paver will affect the regularity of the spreading and / or the geometry of the emulsion plate deposited by the nozzle.

L'invention propose de réaliser un épandage qui ne dépend pas de la vitesse d'avancement de la machine mais seulement des paramètres des buses. Ces buses sont de préférence des buses classiques ; elles ont leurs propres paramètres de fonctionnement. Pour pouvoir fonctionner dans ces paramètres il faut que la durée de la séquence d'épandage soit inférieure au temps mis par la machine pour parcourir le pas d'épandage ; cette durée de la séquence d'épandage est déterminée par le nombre de buses disposées sur la rampe lequel nombre est choisi de manière à sauvegarder un temps d'arrêt des buses.The invention proposes to carry out a spreading which does not depend on the speed of advance of the machine but only on the parameters of the nozzles. These nozzles are preferably conventional nozzles; they have their own operating parameters. To be able to operate in these parameters, the duration of the spreading sequence must be less than the time taken by the machine to cover the spreading step; this duration of the spreading sequence is determined by the number of nozzles arranged on the boom, which number is chosen so as to save a stop time for the nozzles.

L'invention propose des moyens qui permettent de réaliser un épandage précis du liant à partir d'une machine dont la vitesse d'avancement sur la surface à traiter est relativement faible laquelle vitesse correspond notamment à celle que l'on rencontre sur les machines de dépose d'enrobés.The invention proposes means which make it possible to carry out a precise spreading of the binder from a machine whose speed of advance on the surface to be treated is relatively low, which speed corresponds in particular to that which one meets on the asphalt laying machines.

L'invention permet ainsi d'épandre du liant bitumineux, au moyen d'une rampe équipée de gicleurs, ou buses classiques, c'est-à-dire des gicleurs dont le débit est tel que les risques de bouchage sont inexistants ; cette rampe pouvant être installée directement sur le finisseur.The invention thus makes it possible to spread bituminous binder, by means of a ramp fitted with conventional nozzles, or nozzles, that is to say nozzles whose flow rate is such that the risks of clogging are nonexistent; this ramp can be installed directly on the paver.

L'invention propose principalement des moyens qui permettent de surmonter les contraintes de l'épandage d'un liant bitumineux et de réaliser cet épandage quelles que soient la vitesse ou les variations de vitesse d'avancement de la machine qui dépose l'enrobé ; ainsi l'invention permet de garantir un épandage optimal du liant, de l'arrêt complet de cette machine, jusqu'à sa vitesse maximale.The invention mainly proposes means which make it possible to overcome the constraints of the spreading of a bituminous binder and to carry out this spreading whatever the speed or the variations in speed of advance of the machine which deposits the mix; thus the invention makes it possible to guarantee optimal spreading of the binder, from the complete stopping of this machine, up to its maximum speed.

Le dosage du liant, c'est-à-dire la quantité de liant déposée par m² de surface à traiter, favorise la qualité de l'accrochage de l'enrobé mais aussi la qualité de l'état de surface dudit enrobé.The dosage of the binder, that is to say the quantity of binder deposited per m² of surface to be treated, promotes the quality of the bonding of the mix but also the quality of the surface condition of said mix.

L'invention permet encore de favoriser la rupture avec la dépose de l'enrobé, c'est-à-dire de réaliser une dissociation naturelle du mélange eau-bitume, en laissant s'écouler un certain temps entre les deux opérations, à savoir l'opération d'épandage d'une part et l'opération de dépose de l'enrobé d'autre part. Cette particularité tend à améliorer la qualité de l'accrochage de la couche d'enrobé sur la surface à traiter.The invention also makes it possible to promote breakage with the deposition of the mix, that is to say to achieve a natural dissociation of the water-bitumen mixture, by allowing a certain time to elapse between the two operations, namely the spreading operation on the one hand and the asphalt removal operation on the other hand. This feature tends to improve the quality of the bonding of the asphalt layer on the surface to be treated.

D'une manière générale, l'invention permet de travailler sur le chantier dans de bien meilleures conditions, du fait de la propreté du chantier, ce qui améliore notamment la sécurité du personnel et, ultérieurement, celle des usagers.In general, the invention makes it possible to work on the site in much better conditions, due to the cleanliness of the site, which in particular improves the safety of the personnel and, subsequently, that of the users.

Comme pour les documents précités, la couche d'accrochage est réalisée en étalant le liant sur la surface à traiter à une vitesse qui par rapport au sol est supérieure ou égale à la vitesse d'avancement de ladite machine de dépose d'enrobés.As for the aforementioned documents, the bonding layer is produced by spreading the binder on the surface to be treated at a speed which with respect to the ground is greater than or equal to the speed of advance of said asphalt mixing machine.

L'invention permet de déposer pas à pas, du liant, dans un périmètre précis, de façon à former des plaques qui se juxtaposent sensiblement bord à bord pour constituer une couche de liant, continue et sensiblement régulière en épaisseur, sur la surface à traiter quelles que soient les variations de vitesse d'avancement de la machine.The invention makes it possible to deposit, step by step, binder, within a precise perimeter, so as to form plates which juxtapose substantially edge to edge to form a layer of binder, continuous and substantially regular in thickness, on the surface to be treated. whatever the machine speed variations.

Pour parvenir à ce résultat l'invention propose de décomposer chaque pas ou séquence d'épandage, en réalisant au moins un temps d'épandage dont la durée est fixe, qui s'effectue sur un mouvement aller et/ou retour de la rampe et au moins un temps d'arrêt, sans épandage, dont la durée est liée à la vitesse d'avancement de la machine de façon inverse.To achieve this result, the invention proposes to break down each spreading step or sequence, by performing at least one spreading time, the duration of which is fixed, which is carried out on a forward and / or return movement of the boom and at least one downtime, without spreading, the duration of which is linked to the forward speed of the machine in reverse.

Cette séquence d'épandage de l'émulsion est déclenchée automatiquement à chaque fois que le finisseur a progressé d'une distance qui correspond au pas de l'épandage réalisé par les buses. Dans cette séquence, la rampe marque au moins un temps d'arrêt dont la durée est liée à la vitesse d'avancement de la machine ; ce temps d'arrêt est préservé par un choix du nombre de buses disposées sur la rampe.This emulsion spreading sequence is triggered automatically each time the finisher has progressed by a distance which corresponds to the spreading pitch achieved by the nozzles. In this sequence, the ramp marks at least one stopping time, the duration of which is related to the speed of advance of the machine; this downtime is preserved by a choice of the number of nozzles arranged on the boom.

Le dispositif d'épandage est supporté par une machine mobile sur le sol et il comporte au moins une rampe d'épandage munie d'au moins une buse formant un jet de liant ; ce dispositif comporte des moyens permettant de déplacer le jet de liant par rapport à ladite machine, à une vitesse supérieure ou égale à la vitesse d'avancement de cette machine, au moins pendant la phase d'épandage du liant sur le sol.The spreading device is supported by a mobile machine on the ground and it comprises at least one spreading ramp provided with at least one nozzle forming a binder jet; this device comprises means making it possible to move the jet of binder relative to said machine, at a speed greater than or equal to the speed of advance of this machine, at least during the phase of spreading the binder on the ground.

Ce dispositif d'épandage comporte au moins une glissière solidaire de la machine, permettant de déplacer de façon séquentielle, la rampe sur ladite glissière, ou des moyens permettant de faire osciller les buses pour balayer la surface à traiter avec les jets de liant.This spreading device comprises at least one slide integral with the machine, making it possible to move the ramp sequentially on said slide, or means making it possible to oscillate the nozzles to sweep the surface to be treated with the jets of binder.

Selon l'invention, ce dispositif d'épandage comprend des moyens de détermination du chemin parcouru par la machine sur le sol, des moyens pour déclencher une séquence d'épandage qui comprend : - les mouvements aller et retour de balayage, et - le ou les temps d'arrêt.According to the invention, this spreading device comprises means for determining the path traveled by the machine on the ground, means for triggering a spreading sequence which comprises: - the sweeping back and forth movements, and - the or downtime.

Selon une disposition préférentiellle de l'invention, le dispositif d'épandage comprend, pour manoeuvrer la rampe, deux vérins opposés, du type à simple effet, alimentés à travers un distributeur du type croisé, lesquels vérins comportent chacun un orifice permettant, en bout de course, un échappement libre du fluide de manoeuvre durant le temps d'arrêt de la rampe.According to a preferred arrangement of the invention, the spreading device comprises, for maneuvering the boom, two opposite cylinders, of the single-acting type, supplied through a distributor of the crossed type, which cylinders each have an orifice allowing, at the end stroke, a free escape of the operating fluid during the stop time of the ramp.

L'invention concerne également la machine et en particulier le finisseur permettant la réalisation ou la réfection de chaussées, du type comportant, à l'avant, une trémie de réception des enrobés, et, à l'arrière, une table de répartition de ces enrobés sur le sol, et un dispositif d'épandage de liant qui permet d'étaler ce dernier sur la surface à traiter de façon intermittente, à une vitesse supérieure ou égale à la vitesse maximale d'avancement du finisseur, associé à des moyens qui permettent de déclencher une séquence d'épandage durant laquelle ladite rampe observe un temps d'arrêt.The invention also relates to the machine and in particular the paver allowing the production or repair of pavements, of the type comprising, at the front, a hopper for receiving asphalt, and, at the rear, a table for distributing these coated on the ground, and a binder spreading device which makes it possible to spread the latter on the surface to be treated intermittently, at a speed greater than or equal to the maximum speed of advance of the paver, associated with means which used to trigger a spreading sequence during which said ramp observes a downtime.

L'invention sera encore illustrée à l'aide de la description suivante et des dessins annexés donnés à titre indicatif, et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente, de façon schématique, une machine du type finisseur comportant un dispositif d'épandage de liant selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 2a et 2b illustrent plusieurs possibilités d'installation d'un dispositif d'épandage selon l'invention, sur une machine du type finisseur ;
  • la figure 3 représente, au moyen d'un schéma fonctionnel notamment, le dispositif d'épandage selon l'invention, vu de dessus ;
  • la figure 3a représente, en perspective deux buses qui étalent une couche de liant ;
  • la figure 4 est un diagramme illustrant les séquences d'épandage et en particulier la course de chaque buse en fonction du déplacement de la machine ;
  • la figure 5 représente, au moyen d'un schéma fonctionnel notamment, un autre dispositif d'épandage selon l'invention, vu de dessus ;
  • la figure 6 est un diagramme illustrant les séquences d'épandage et en particulier la course de chaque buse en fonction du déplacement de la machine, du dispositif représenté figure 5.
The invention will be further illustrated with the aid of the following description and the appended drawings given for information, and in which:
  • Figure 1 shows, schematically, a machine of the finisher type comprising a binder spreading device according to the invention;
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate several possibilities for installing a spreading device according to the invention, on a machine of the finisher type;
  • FIG. 3 represents, by means of a functional diagram in particular, the spreading device according to the invention, seen from above;
  • FIG. 3a represents, in perspective, two nozzles which spread a layer of binder;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the spreading sequences and in particular the stroke of each nozzle as a function of the movement of the machine;
  • FIG. 5 represents, by means of a functional diagram in particular, another spreading device according to the invention, seen from above;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the spreading sequences and in particular the stroke of each nozzle as a function of the movement of the machine, of the device represented in FIG. 5.

On a représenté, figure 1, de façon schématique, une machine du genre finisseur permettant l'application sur la chaussée d'une couche de matériau du genre enrobé bitumineux. Ce finisseur comporte un train de roulement en forme de chenille 1 ou de roues, qui supporte notamment une trémie 2 à l'avant, et il comporte, à l'arrière des chenilles, une table 3 servant à la répartition du matériau sur la surface à traiter. Pour réaliser une bonne liaison entre la surface à traiter et le nouveau revêtement, on étale préalablement une couche d'accrochage au moyen d'une rampe 4 disposée transversalement sur la machine.There is shown, Figure 1, schematically, a machine of the finisher type allowing the application on the floor of a layer of bituminous coated material type. This paver has a track-like undercarriage 1 or wheels, which in particular supports a hopper 2 at the front, and it includes, at the rear of the tracks, a table 3 used for the distribution of the material on the surface. treat. To achieve a good bond between the surface to be treated and the new coating, a bonding layer is spread out beforehand by means of a ramp 4 arranged transversely on the machine.

La rampe d'épandage 4a se situe en arrière des chenilles 1 pour éviter à ces dernières de rouler sur la couche d'accrochage fraîchement déposée.The spreading ramp 4 is located behind the tracks 1 to avoid the latter to roll over the freshly deposited bonding layer.

On obtient ainsi un chantier parfaitement propre ; l'émulsion d'accrochage est située uniquement sous la couche d'enrobés.This gives a perfectly clean site; the bonding emulsion is located only under the asphalt layer.

Cependant, dans certains cas, on peut disposer la rampe 4b à l'avant du finisseur. Cette disposition améliore l'accessibilité à la rampe pour les opérations d'entretien et elle présente l'avantage de laisser s'écouler un certain temps entre les deux opérations à savoir l'opération d'épandage d'une part, et l'opération de dépose de l'enrobé d'autre part.However, in certain cases, the ramp 4 b can be placed at the front of the finisher. This arrangement improves accessibility to the boom for maintenance operations and has the advantage of allowing a certain time to elapse between the two operations, namely the spreading operation on the one hand, and the operation on the other hand.

On a illustré, figures 2a et 2b, quelques possibilités de positionnement de la rampe 4 sur le finisseur.FIGS. 2a and 2b have illustrated some possibilities for positioning the ramp 4 on the finisher.

On peut en effet utiliser une rampe 4a qui s'étend à l'arrière des chenilles 1 sur toute la largeur du finisseur. On peut également utiliser selon la place disponible sur le finisseur, plusieurs portions de rampes comme représenté figure 2a. Ainsi, on peut disposer un tronçon 41 à l'avant du finisseur, qui couvre l'espace compris entre les chenilles 1. Cette rampe 41 peut être disposée en avant des chenilles 1, sous la trémie 2 par exemple. La zone de roulement des chenilles 1 est couverte soit par un tronçon court 42, soit par un tronçon 43 plus large, qui déborde en dehors de l'encombrement des chenilles. La partie située à l'extérieur des chenilles 1 peut également être couverte par un tronçon 44 qui complète l'action du tronçon 42.It can in fact use a ramp 4 a which extends to the rear caterpillars 1 over the entire width of the finisher. It is also possible to use, depending on the space available on the finisher, several portions of ramps as shown in FIG. 2a. Thus, one can have a section 41 at the front of the finisher, which covers the space between the tracks 1. This ramp 41 can be arranged in front of the tracks 1, under the hopper 2 for example. The rolling area of the tracks 1 is covered either by a short section 42, or by a wider section 43, which extends beyond the size of the tracks. The part located outside the tracks 1 can also be covered by a section 44 which completes the action of the section 42.

Ces différents tronçons 41 à 44 réalisent l'épandage d'une couche correspondant à la largeur de la table de répartition 3. Ces différents tronçons sont positionnés de façon à éviter le roulement des chenilles 1 sur la couche d'accrochage.These different sections 41 to 44 carry out the spreading of a layer corresponding to the width of the distribution table 3. These different sections are positioned so as to avoid rolling of the tracks 1 on the bonding layer.

La figure 2b présente une rampe 45, du type télescopique au moyen de deux portions latérales 46, qui se situe à l'avant du finisseur, sous la trémie 2. Selon le type de dosage, et en particulier pour les dosages faibles, seule cette rampe située à l'avant sera utilisée. Pour des dosages forts, c'est-à-dire supérieurs à 800g/m², les risques de patinage et d'encrassement des chenilles nécessitent l'utilisation de buses 47 disposées à l'arrière des chenilles du finisseur. Ces buses 47 se substitueront aux buses correspondantes de la rampe 45 située à l'avant.FIG. 2b shows a ramp 45, of the telescopic type by means of two lateral portions 46, which is located at the front of the finisher, under the hopper 2. According to the type of dosage, and in particular for low dosages, only this ramp at the front will be used. For strong dosages, that is to say greater than 800 g / m², the risks of slipping and fouling of the tracks require the use of nozzles 47 arranged at the rear of the tracks of the finisher. These nozzles 47 will replace the corresponding nozzles of the ramp 45 located at the front.

Les rampes 4a et 4b sont équipées avec des buses classiques comportant des gicleurs dont les sections permettent des débits de l'ordre de 3 à 9 litres par minute, ce qui évite les risques de bouchage.The ramps 4 a and 4 b are equipped with conventional nozzles comprising sprinklers whose sections allow flow rates of the order of 3 to 9 liters per minute, which avoids the risk of clogging.

On remarque, figures 2a, 2b, que les rampes 41 à 47 constituant le dispositif d'épandage sont mobiles transversalement par rapport au sens d'avancement de la machine finisseur, tout comme les rampes 4a et 4b illustrées figure 1. Cette configuration permet de réduire au maximum l'encombrement du dispositif d'épandage sur le finisseur. Toutefois, ce dispositif d'épandage peut être mobile longitudinalement, c'est-à-dire se déplacer dans le même sens que le finisseur, avec une vitesse par rapport au sol qui est supérieure ou égale à celle de ce dernier.Note, Figures 2a, 2b, that the ramps 41 to 47 constituting the spreading device are movable transversely relative to the direction of travel of the finishing machine, just like the ramps 4 a and 4 b illustrated in Figure 1. This configuration makes it possible to reduce the overall dimensions of the spreading device on the finisher as much as possible. However, this spreading device can be movable longitudinally, that is to say move in the same direction as the paver, with a speed relative to the ground which is greater than or equal to that of the latter.

On a représenté, figure 3, par un simple schéma fonctionnel, un dispositif d'épandage disposé transversalement par rapport au sens d'avancement de la machine porteuse qui permet de réaliser des bandes longitudinales 6 de liant, disposées bord à bord pour former la couche d'accrochage. Chaque bande 6 a une largeur qui correspond à l'écart entre deux buses 7 de la rampe 4 et elle est constituée d'une pluralité de plaques 8 juxtaposées et disposées bord à bord sur la surface à recouvrir. Ces plaques 8 ont une forme qui dépend de la vitesse d'avancement. Leur forme est le plus souvent quasiment rectangulaire ; elle ressemble à un parallélogramme lorsque le rapport entre la vitesse de l'étalement du liant et celle de la dépose de l'enrobé diminue. Lorsque la vitesse de la machine varie entre deux balayages, il peut y avoir un léger chevauchement des plaques 8. La longueur des plaques correspond à la largeur des bandes 6 et leur largeur correspond à la largeur du jet 9 des buses 7. La rampe 4 est guidée par des moyens appropriés sur une glissière 10 qui est solidaire du bâti 11 de la machine finisseur. Cette glissière 10 est disposée transversalement par rapport au sens d'avancement de la machine. Elle peut être constituée de plusieurs tronçons qui sont alors disposés, comme pour les rampes montrées figures 2a et 2b, soit à l'avant de la machine, soit latéralement par rapport aux chenilles 1, soit à l'arrière des chenilles 1. La rampe 4 est mobile sur cette glissière 10 au moyen d'un vérin 12 solidaire du bâti 11 et qui est actionné par un distributeur 13 grâce à une alimentation hydraulique ou pneumatique par exemple. La course C du vérin 12 correspond à l'espacement entre deux buses 7 de la rampe 4. Elle correspond aussi à la largeur d'une bande 6 de liant.FIG. 3 shows a simple diagram functional, a spreading device arranged transversely to the direction of advance of the carrier machine which makes it possible to produce longitudinal strips 6 of binder, arranged edge to edge to form the bonding layer. Each strip 6 has a width which corresponds to the distance between two nozzles 7 of the ramp 4 and it consists of a plurality of plates 8 juxtaposed and arranged edge to edge on the surface to be covered. These plates 8 have a shape which depends on the speed of advance. Their shape is most often almost rectangular; it looks like a parallelogram when the ratio between the speed of spreading of the binder and that of the removal of the asphalt decreases. When the speed of the machine varies between two scans, there may be a slight overlap of the plates 8. The length of the plates corresponds to the width of the strips 6 and their width corresponds to the width of the jet 9 of the nozzles 7. The ramp 4 is guided by appropriate means on a slide 10 which is integral with the frame 11 of the finishing machine. This slide 10 is arranged transversely to the direction of advance of the machine. It can consist of several sections which are then arranged, as for the ramps shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, either at the front of the machine, or laterally with respect to the tracks 1, or at the rear of the tracks 1. The ramp 4 is movable on this slide 10 by means of a jack 12 secured to the frame 11 and which is actuated by a distributor 13 by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic supply for example. The stroke C of the jack 12 corresponds to the spacing between two nozzles 7 of the ramp 4. It also corresponds to the width of a strip 6 of binder.

Ce vérin 12 est commandé, à travers le distributeur 13, au moyen d'un organe 14 du genre capteur, qui déclenche une séquence d'épandage en fonction d'informations données par exemple par une roue 15, en contact avec le sol. Cette roue 15 est une roue codée, par des moyens appropriés, du genre tétons ou orifices qui coopèrent avec l'organe détecteur 14 de façon à déclencher une séquence d'épandage lorsque la machine finisseur a avancé d'une distance qui correspond au pas P de l'épandage. Ce pas P de l'épandage correspond à la largeur du jet 9 ou faisceau de liant projeté par les buses 7, sur le sol.This jack 12 is controlled, through the distributor 13, by means of a sensor-like member 14, which triggers a spreading sequence as a function of information given for example by a wheel 15, in contact with the ground. This wheel 15 is a coded wheel, by appropriate means, of the nipple or hole type which cooperates with the member. detector 14 so as to trigger a spreading sequence when the finishing machine has advanced by a distance which corresponds to the pitch P of the spreading. This pitch P of the spreading corresponds to the width of the jet 9 or bundle of binder projected by the nozzles 7, on the ground.

Chaque bande 6 de liant, est constituée d'une juxtaposition de plaques 8 dont les dimensions correspondent à la course C du vérin 12 et au pas P de l'épandage, c'est-à-dire à l'empreinte du faisceau de la buse 7, sur le sol.Each strip 6 of binder, consists of a juxtaposition of plates 8 whose dimensions correspond to the stroke C of the jack 12 and to the pitch P of the spreading, that is to say to the imprint of the beam of the nozzle 7, on the ground.

On a illustré figure 3a, l'étalement du liant pour constituer une couche d'accrochage continue sur la surface à traiter. Les buses 7 étalent le liant dans un périmètre bien précis au moyen d'un balayage de la surface à traiter. Dans le cas de la figure 3a, la couche de liant est obtenue par un mouvement de balayage transversal ; elle peut être obtenue par un mouvement de balayage longitudinal. Ce balayage est lui-même obtenu soit par un mouvement global de la rampe porteuse des buses 7, soit par un mouvement d'oscillation des buses autour d'axes transversaux ou longitudinaux. Les buses 7 sont orientées en conséquence pour positionner le jet 9 dans un sens perpendiculaire au sens de déplacement ou d'oscillation de la buse. Dans le cas d'un balayage longitudinal, c'est-à-dire d'un balayage dans le même sens que l'avancement de la machine, les variations de la vitesse d'avancement de ladite machine ne provoqueront pas de phénomènes de chevauchement de deux plaques 8 successives, comme on peut éventuellement l'observer dans le cas d'un balayage transversal.Illustrated in FIG. 3a, the spreading of the binder to form a continuous bonding layer on the surface to be treated. The nozzles 7 spread the binder within a very precise perimeter by means of a sweep of the surface to be treated. In the case of FIG. 3a, the binder layer is obtained by a transverse scanning movement; it can be obtained by a longitudinal scanning movement. This scanning is itself obtained either by a global movement of the nozzle carrying ramp 7, or by an oscillation movement of the nozzles around transverse or longitudinal axes. The nozzles 7 are oriented accordingly to position the jet 9 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement or oscillation of the nozzle. In the case of a longitudinal sweep, that is to say a sweep in the same direction as the advancement of the machine, the variations in the advancement speed of said machine will not cause overlapping phenomena of two successive plates 8, as may possibly be observed in the case of a transverse scan.

On remarque, figure 3, sur le dispositif d'épandage, des moyens amortisseurs 16 et 17 disposés, aux extrémités de la glissière 10 pour adoucir le mouvement transversal de la rampe 4.Note, in FIG. 3, on the spreading device, damping means 16 and 17 arranged at the ends of the slide 10 to soften the transverse movement of the ramp 4.

On remarque aussi une deuxième roue 18 disposée de l'autre côté du dispositif par rapport à la roue 15, servant éventuellement à le soutenir et le maintenir par rapport au sol.There is also a second wheel 18 disposed on the other side of the device relative to the wheel 15, possibly serving to support and maintain it relative to the ground.

La figure 4 illustre une succession de séquences d'épandage de liant par le dispositif de la figure 3. On a fait figurer schématiquement, sur ce diagramme, le mouvement des buses 7, vu de dessus, sur le sol. Le diagramme fait apparaître la course transversale C d'une buse 7 et son déplacement longitudinal D. Au départ d'une séquence, la buse parcourt un trajet aller A qui correspond à la course C du vérin 12, puis elle effectue un retour R de même allongement qui la repositionne à son point de départ. Le trajet aller et retour de la buse s'effectue dans un temps qui est inférieur au temps nécessaire à la machine pour parcourir le pas P de l'épandage. La rampe 4 se maintient en position repos pendant que la machine continue à avancer, en attendant le démarrage d'une autre séquence d'épandage. Cette période de repos S permet d'absorber les variations de vitesse éventuelles de la machine finisseur. Si le temps nécessaire à une buse pour faire un aller et retour devient supérieur au temps mis par la machine pour parcourir le pas d'épandage, il suffit de multiplier le nombre de buses pour réduire d'autant le temps consacré, dans une séquence, à l'épandage, et maintenir une période de repos S suffisante entre deux séquences d'épandage.FIG. 4 illustrates a succession of sequences of spreading of binder by the device of FIG. 3. The movement of the nozzles 7, seen from above, on the ground has been shown diagrammatically on this diagram. The diagram shows the transverse stroke C of a nozzle 7 and its longitudinal displacement D. At the start of a sequence, the nozzle travels a forward path A which corresponds to the stroke C of the jack 12, then it performs a return R of the same elongation which reposition it at its starting point. The outward and return journey of the nozzle takes place in a time which is less than the time necessary for the machine to cover the pitch P of the spreading. The ramp 4 remains in the rest position while the machine continues to advance, waiting for the start of another spreading sequence. This rest period S makes it possible to absorb any variations in speed of the finishing machine. If the time required for a nozzle to go back and forth becomes greater than the time taken by the machine to cover the spreading step, it suffices to multiply the number of nozzles to reduce the time spent in a sequence by as much, during spreading, and maintain a sufficient rest period S between two spreading sequences.

Cet épandage s'effectue généralement en une seule couche pendant le trajet aller A de la buse. On peut envisager un épandage par plusieurs couches ; le liant est alors étalé à l'aller et au retour de la buse.This spreading is generally carried out in a single layer during the outward journey A of the nozzle. One can envisage a spreading by several layers; the binder is then spread on the outward and return journey from the nozzle.

On a représenté, figure 5, au moyen d'un schéma fonctionnel, un dispositif d'épandage qui reprend les caractéristiques essentielles du dispositif représenté figure 3. La surface qui doit recevoir la couche d'enrobés, est recouverte de liant et en particulier de plaques 8 comme décrit en relation avec la figure 3.FIG. 5 shows, by means of a functional diagram, a spreading device which takes up the essential characteristics of the device represented in FIG. 3. The surface which is to receive the coating layer, is covered with binder and in particular with plates 8 as described in relation to FIG. 3.

Pour diminuer les à-coups et en particulier les coups de bélier dans le circuit hydraulique, le dispositif d'épandage comporte deux vérins 21 et 22 disposés dos à dos, pour manoeuvrer la rampe 4. Ces vérins 21 et 22 sont du type simple effet : le vérin 21 tire la rampe pour la déplacer de la gauche vers la droite, comme représenté figure 5 ; le vérin 22 tire sur la rampe 4 pour la déplacer de la droite vers la gauche. Ces deux vérins ont une même course C qui correspond à l'écart entre deux buses 7.To reduce jolts and in particular water hammer in the hydraulic circuit, the spreading device comprises two jacks 21 and 22 arranged back to back, to maneuver the boom 4. These jacks 21 and 22 are of the single effect type : the jack 21 pulls the ramp to move it from left to right, as shown in Figure 5; the jack 22 pulls on the ramp 4 to move it from right to left. These two cylinders have the same stroke C which corresponds to the distance between two nozzles 7.

Ces vérins 21 et 22 comportent chacun une alimentation 211-221 qui se situe au niveau de la face de passage de la tige de chacun d'eux. A l'autre extrémité du corps de ces vérins, on trouve respectivement les orifices d'échappement 212 et 222, situés en amont du piston lorsque celui-ci arrive en fin de course. On obtient ainsi un amortissement en fin de course et une chute de pression dans le circuit hydraulique d'alimentation sans préjudice pour le fonctionnement. Cette particularité procure un échappement libre du fluide de manoeuvre pendant les temps d'arrêt de la rampe à chaque fin de course.These jacks 21 and 22 each comprise a supply 211-221 which is located at the level of the passage face of the rod of each of them. At the other end of the body of these jacks, there are respectively the exhaust orifices 212 and 222, located upstream of the piston when the latter reaches the end of the stroke. There is thus obtained end-of-travel damping and a pressure drop in the hydraulic supply circuit without prejudice to operation. This feature provides a free escape of the operating fluid during the ramp down times at each end of travel.

Les vérins 21 et 22 sont solidaires du bâti 11 de la machine. Ils sont positionnés en opposition, comme représenté figure 5. Le volume de leur chambre peut être différent pour permettre une variation de la vitesse de déplacement de la rampe 4 à l'aller et au retour dans la mesure où le débit d'alimentation est constant. Cette possibilité de variation de la vitesse de la rampe à l'aller et au retour permet de réaliser des dosages différents selon que l'on utilise les buses à l'aller ou au retour. Ainsi, on peut avoir un aller à vitesse lente pour un dosage de 450g/m² et un retour à vitesse rapide qui permet de limiter le dosage à 300g/m². L'utilisation de l'aller et du retour pour l'épandage permet un dosage à 750g/m².The jacks 21 and 22 are integral with the frame 11 of the machine. They are positioned in opposition, as shown in FIG. 5. The volume of their chamber can be different to allow a variation in the speed of movement of the ramp 4 on the outward and return as the feed rate is constant . This possibility of varying the speed of the ramp on the outward and return journey makes it possible to carry out different dosages depending on whether the nozzles are used on the outward or return journey. Thus, one can have a go at slow speed for a dosage of 450g / m² and a return at fast speed which allows to limit the dosage to 300g / m². The use of the outward and return for spreading allows a dosage of 750g / m².

Cette variation du dosage peut ainsi s'effectuer simplement par un choix de la période d'épandage au moyen d'un simple sélecteur, sans rien changer à l'installation.This variation of the dosage can thus be carried out simply by a choice of the spreading period by means of a simple selector, without changing anything at the installation.

Les deux vérins 21 et 22 sont actionnés sous l'effet d'un distributeur 23 du type croisé comportant un électroaimant qui permet le déplacement du tiroir dans un sens, et un ressort de rappel du tiroir. Ce distributeur 23 reçoit un ordre pour faire fonctionner l'un des vérins ; la suppression de cet ordre fait automatiquement fonctionner l'autre vérin.The two jacks 21 and 22 are actuated under the effect of a distributor 23 of the crossed type comprising an electromagnet which allows the displacement of the drawer in one direction, and a return spring of the drawer. This distributor 23 receives an order to operate one of the jacks; deleting this order automatically operates the other cylinder.

Le distributeur 23 est soumis aux ordres d'un compteur électronique programmable 24 qui reçoit les impulsions provenant d'une génératrice 25 entraînée par tout moyen approprié dont le mouvement est proportionnel à la vitesse d'avancement de la machine. De préférence, cette génératrice 25 est montée en bout d'un arbre d'entraînement des chenilles 1 de la machine ; elle détermine son avance sur la surface à traiter, et le chemin parcouru.The distributor 23 is subject to the orders of a counter programmable electronics 24 which receives the pulses from a generator 25 driven by any suitable means, the movement of which is proportional to the speed of advance of the machine. Preferably, this generator 25 is mounted at the end of a drive shaft for the tracks 1 of the machine; it determines its advance on the surface to be treated, and the distance traveled.

L'alimentation des vérins 21 et 22 s'effectue au moyen d'une pompe 26 puisant dans un réservoir 27. Les orifices de sortie 212 et 222 situés au fond des vérins 21 et 22 sont reliés au réservoir 27 contenant le fluide hydraulique, par un conduit 28.The cylinders 21 and 22 are supplied by a pump 26 drawing from a reservoir 27. The outlet orifices 212 and 222 situated at the bottom of the cylinders 21 and 22 are connected to the reservoir 27 containing the hydraulic fluid, by a conduit 28.

On a représenté schématiquement figure 6, le mouvement des buses 7 sur la surface à traiter, en fonction du déplacement de la machine. Ces buses 7 effectuent des séquences aller A et retour R entrecoupées de temps de pose SA, SR. Le compteur électronique 24 émet des impulsions destinées au distributeur 23, pour activer l'un des vérins 21 ou 22 ; la durée de ces impulsions correspond à la moitié du temps nécessaire pour parcourir une distance P qui correspond à la largeur au sol des jets 9, selon l'exemple des figures 5 et 3a. Ainsi, à la fin du mouvement aller A, on observe une pose SA pendant laquelle le vérin 21 par exemple, qui a procédé au déplacement de la rampe 4, continue à être alimenté. Cependant, la pression d'alimentation est pratiquement nulle, du fait de l'échappement libre du fluide hydraulique par l'orifice 212. Dès que le temps imparti par le compteur 24 est écoulé, c'est-à-dire un temps qui correspond à la moitié du temps nécessaire pour parcourir le pas P, l'impulsion normalement donnée à l'électro-aimant du distributeur 23, est supprimée, et c'est le ressort de ce dernier qui entre en action pour permettre l'alimentation de l'autre vérin 22, lequel provoque le mouvement retour de la rampe à l'issue duquel un temps de repos SR est observé jusqu'au moment où une nouvelle impulsion sur l'électro-aimant du distributeur 23 permet un autre mouvement aller de la rampe.FIG. 6 shows schematically the movement of the nozzles 7 on the surface to be treated, as a function of the movement of the machine. These nozzles 7 carry out rounds A and return R interspersed with exposure time SA , SR . The electronic counter 24 sends pulses intended for the distributor 23, to activate one of the jacks 21 or 22; the duration of these pulses corresponds to half the time necessary to travel a distance P which corresponds to the width on the ground of the jets 9, according to the example of FIGS. 5 and 3a. Thus, at the end of the forward movement A , there is a pose SA during which the jack 21 for example, which has moved the ramp 4, continues to be supplied. However, the supply pressure is practically zero, due to the free escape of the hydraulic fluid through the orifice 212. As soon as the time allocated by the counter 24 has elapsed, that is to say a time which corresponds at half the time necessary to travel step P , the pulse normally given to the solenoid of the distributor 23 is suppressed, and it is the spring of the latter which comes into action to allow the supply of the 'other cylinder 22, which causes the return movement of the ramp at the end of which a rest time SR is observed until the moment when a new pulse on the solenoid of the distributor 23 allows another forward movement of the ramp .

On obtient ainsi un mouvement plus souple de la rampe 4, sans à-coup, ce qui améliore grandement la tenue mécanique des différents organes en mouvement.This provides a more flexible movement of the ramp 4, smoothly, which greatly improves the mechanical strength of the various moving parts.

Les signes de référence insérés après les caractéristiques techniques mentionnées dans les revendications ont pour seul but de faciliter la compréhension de ces dernières et n'en limitent aucunement la portée.The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics mentioned in the claims are intended only to facilitate the understanding of the latter and in no way limit their scope.

Claims (7)

  1. Method of spreading a bituminous emulsion-type binder, by coating, using a ramp fitting with at least one nozzle carried by a machine moving over the surface to be treated at variable speed comprised between full stop and a maximum speed, whereby the binder is spread at a speed equal to or greater than the progressing speed of the said machine, characterised in that it consists in designing for each spreading step or sequence, at least one spreading time whose duration is fixed, which is performed over a forward and/or backward motion of the ramp, and at least one stoppage time, without spreading, whose duration is variable, associated with the progressing speed of the machine.
  2. Spreading device for the implementation of the method according to claim 1, of the type supported by a machine moving at variable speed on the ground, containing at least one spreading ramp (4) fitted with at least one nozzle (7) forming a jet of binder (9), comprising on the one hand, means enabling to displace the said jet (9) with respect to the said machine, at a ground-related speed equal to or greater than the progressing speed of this machine on the ground, at least during the spreading phase of the binder and, on the other hand, a mobile rail (10) mounted rigidly and arranged crosswise or lengthwise with respect to the machine or the means in order to make the spreading nozzle(s) (7) pivot around axes which are arranged more or less crosswise or lengthwise with respect to the progressing direction of the machine, in order to sweep the surface to be treated by the jet(s) (9) of the nozzle(s) (7) as well as means to determine the distance covered by the machine over the surface to be treated, means to trigger the forward and backward sweeping movements of the ramp and characterised in that it contains means to set the stoppage time(s), during a spreading sequence, in relation to the said distance covered.
  3. Spreading device according to claim 2, characterised in that it contains, in order to manoeuvre the ramp (4), two single action cylinders (21, 22), arranged opposite to one another, fed by an alternate distributor (23), whereby each of the said cylinders contains nipples (212, 222) which enable, at the end of the travel, free release of the manoeuvre fluid during the stoppage time of the ramp.
  4. Spreading device according to claim 3, characterised in that it contains two cylinders (21 and 22) opposite to one another, whose chamber volume is different, in order to initiate, for a constant feeding rate, speed variations of the ramp and, henceforth, making possible to measure out the dose of the binder over the surface to be treated.
  5. Machine for the construction or renovation of roadways, of the finishing type, containing at the front a hopper (2) for collecting the coated materials and, at the rear, a table (3) for the distribution of this coated material over the surface to be treated, as well as a spreading device for the binder according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that it contains means to trigger a spreading sequence in which the spreading ramp marks at least one stoppage time.
  6. Machine for the construction or the renovation of roadways, according to claim 5, characterised in that it contains several spreading ramp sections, arranged in order to cover the whole surface to be treated, without preferably, spreading the binder over the passage area of the caterpillar tracks (1) of the machine, before the passage of the said caterpillar tracks.
  7. Machine for the construction or the renovation of roadways, according to claim 5, characterised in that it contains a ramp (45) arranged at the front of the finisher and nozzles (47) arranged behind the caterpillar tracks (1) of the machine, in front of the table (3), the said nozzles (47) replacing the corresponding nozzles of the said front ramp.
EP91402906A 1990-10-30 1991-10-29 Method of spreading bitumen at low velocity, device used in such a method and machine comprising such a device Expired - Lifetime EP0484236B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9013634 1990-10-30
FR9013634A FR2668511B1 (en) 1990-10-30 1990-10-30 LOW SPEED BITUMEN SPREADING PROCESS, DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME AND MACHINE COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0484236A1 EP0484236A1 (en) 1992-05-06
EP0484236B1 true EP0484236B1 (en) 1995-03-22

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EP91402906A Expired - Lifetime EP0484236B1 (en) 1990-10-30 1991-10-29 Method of spreading bitumen at low velocity, device used in such a method and machine comprising such a device

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EP (1) EP0484236B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE120246T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69108348T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2069855T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2668511B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6000630A (en) * 1997-02-24 1999-12-14 Niigata Engineering Co., Ltd. Emulsion dispersing device and method
AT407717B (en) * 1998-07-10 2001-05-25 Vialit Gmbh Oesterr METHOD FOR SPRAYING SURFACES

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE412800T1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2008-11-15 Voegele Ag J ROAD PAVER
DE502006004020D1 (en) * 2006-11-27 2009-07-30 Voegele Ag J Method of making a sprayed carpet and asphalt paver using a spraying system
DE202007018971U1 (en) * 2007-12-24 2009-12-24 schäfer-technic GmbH Road surface repair facility for repair of road surfaces
FR2987376B1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2014-03-07 Secmair LOW-SPEED GROUND SPEED VEHICLE OF A COAT AND A COUPLING LAYER
CN103526673B (en) * 2013-10-15 2016-08-24 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司道路机械分公司 Pitch sprinkling paver sprays seam automatic aligning and controls the control method of device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1041511A (en) * 1964-03-03 1966-09-07 Johnston Brothers Eng Improvements in or relating to ground spraying apparatus
DE1274863B (en) * 1965-05-21 1968-08-08 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Method and device for applying adhesive to moving material webs
DE2204206A1 (en) * 1972-01-29 1973-08-02 Georg Christgau DEVICE FOR LAYING FLOORING
CH657542A5 (en) * 1982-11-09 1986-09-15 Ametex Ag COATING DEVICE.
FR2611766B1 (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-06-30 Screg Routes & Travaux BITUMINOUS EMULSION SPREADING DEVICE ON THE SURFACE OF A ROAD WITHOUT TRUCK TRAFFIC ON THE HANGING LAYER MADE BY EMULSION SPREADING

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6000630A (en) * 1997-02-24 1999-12-14 Niigata Engineering Co., Ltd. Emulsion dispersing device and method
AT407717B (en) * 1998-07-10 2001-05-25 Vialit Gmbh Oesterr METHOD FOR SPRAYING SURFACES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69108348T2 (en) 1995-12-21
ATE120246T1 (en) 1995-04-15
ES2069855T3 (en) 1995-05-16
FR2668511A1 (en) 1992-04-30
EP0484236A1 (en) 1992-05-06
DE69108348D1 (en) 1995-04-27
FR2668511B1 (en) 1993-03-26

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