EP0480261B1 - Fluid guiding device - Google Patents

Fluid guiding device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0480261B1
EP0480261B1 EP91116503A EP91116503A EP0480261B1 EP 0480261 B1 EP0480261 B1 EP 0480261B1 EP 91116503 A EP91116503 A EP 91116503A EP 91116503 A EP91116503 A EP 91116503A EP 0480261 B1 EP0480261 B1 EP 0480261B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fitting
insert
guide device
larger diameter
fitting position
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91116503A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0480261A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg Urban
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KSB AG
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KSB AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D7/00Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04D7/02Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type
    • F04D7/06Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type the fluids being hot or corrosive, e.g. liquid metals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D1/00Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D1/06Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D1/063Multi-stage pumps of the vertically split casing type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/426Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
    • F05D2230/642Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins using maintaining alignment while permitting differential dilatation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S277/00Seal for a joint or juncture
    • Y10S277/931Seal including temperature responsive feature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stator for centrifugal pumps according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a heavy-duty guide device for centrifugal pumps that are exposed to temperature changes, wherein starting of the pump shaft and impermissible material stresses prevented as well as the tightness is guaranteed. This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of the main claim.
  • the use of two different materials within the guide device may appear to be disadvantageous, especially since the flow-guiding insert made of austenitic material has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the pressure-loaded housing part made of ferritic material.
  • the supposed disadvantage a rapidly warming flow-carrying insert, which additionally has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion, is reversed in the opposite in the design according to the invention.
  • a precisely definable behavior of the guide device is possible. Due to the fact that the inner insert is only at one fit point depending on the temperature, tension between the components and thus material overloads are effectively avoided.
  • an austenitic material has higher toughness and wear resistance, which is why its use for flow-guiding applications ensures a long service life.
  • the flow-carrying insert lies only within one fit location within the flow-carrying housing or between the flow-carrying housings. In the cold operating state it is the fitting point arranged on a small diameter, while in the warm or hot operating state it is the fitting point located on a larger diameter. This measure prevents During the start-up phase, that is to say during the transition from the cold operating state to the warm or hot operating state and vice versa, the pump shaft starts up at the bearing points or the sealing bushes due to tension in the pump housing.
  • the unfavorable thermal expansions mean that the flow-guiding insert is without a guide within the pressure-loaded housing part and thus fails to a certain extent, and thus contact between the stationary and rotating part takes place again. At the same time, this prevents eccentricity between the impeller and stator, which prevents the creation of increased hydraulic radial forces on the impeller.
  • a further embodiment provides that in the warm operating state the mating surfaces of the fitting location located on a larger diameter center the flow-carrying insert within the pressure-loaded part. Depending on the operating temperature in each case, only one fit point is used to center the flow-carrying insert within the pressure-loaded housing part.
  • the mating surfaces located on a larger diameter are designed as conical outer surfaces. It is thus achieved in a system of the mating surfaces that forces are transmitted both in the radial and in the axial direction depending on the cone angle.
  • a thin coating is applied to a conical surface (preferably on the austenitic part) to prevent adhesive wear and to minimize friction.
  • another embodiment of the invention provides that the larger-diameter fitting surface of the flow-guiding insert is attached to an elastically resilient component. This ensures that the mating surface part, the component of the resilient, flow-guiding and austenitic insert is resiliently resilient when heated on the cooperating opposite mating surface of the ferritic pressure-loaded housing part.
  • the elastically resiliently arranged fitting surface can slide resiliently along the opposite fitting surface.
  • the operation of the invention can be illustrated as follows.
  • the fit points which usually consist of two circular ring surfaces pushed over one another, have a very specific configuration.
  • the flow-carrying insert In the cold operating state, under which you can usually see a room and unit temperature of around 20 ° C, the flow-carrying insert is only guided at one fitting point, and that is because it lies against the fitting point on the smaller diameter of the pressure-loaded housing part.
  • the fit has a tolerance field, according to which the dimensions result in a transition fit.
  • transition fits lie between the game fits and press fits. In practice, this means that there is no radial gap between the mating surfaces during assembly and in the cold operating state.
  • the fitting location which has a larger diameter, has a radial gap in the cold operating state.
  • the parts coming into contact with the medium expand.
  • the flow-carrying insert that is completely exposed to the medium will expand faster and more than that made of ferritic material Material existing pressure-loaded housing.
  • the radial gaps thus grow at the fitting points.
  • the mating surfaces located on a smaller diameter grow apart and form a radial gap, while the mating surfaces located on a larger diameter grow to a certain extent and close the existing gap. Since the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials are known, the appropriate gap dimensioning and gap configuration can be used to determine exactly at which temperature the radial gap of the fit point, which is located on a larger diameter, approaches zero or when elastic deformation takes place in this area.
  • Impellers (3, 4) are attached to a shaft (1) by means of a tongue and groove connection (2).
  • the pumped medium emerging from the impeller (3) flows into the flow-carrying insert (5), first into the guide channels (6), then reaches an annular space (7) which is delimited from the outside by the pressure-loaded housing (8) and flows from there through the return section (9) downstream impeller (4).
  • the flow-guiding insert (5) is formed here in two parts, the return section (9) and the guide channels (6) forming one part and a cover part (10) closing the guide channels (6) in the axial direction.
  • the cover part (10) and the flow-guiding insert (5) are made of the same austenitic material, so that a fit point possibly located between these parts remains without influence in the event of temperature fluctuations. If necessary, the cover part (10) and the flow-carrying insert can be soldered or welded together.
  • the flow-guiding insert (5) which is formed here in two parts, can also be designed as a one-part component. Within the pressure-loaded housing (8), the flow-guiding insert (5) is centered on the fitting point (11) or (12) which is on a smaller diameter and on a fitting point (13) which is on a larger diameter.
  • the fit points are marked here with dash-dotted lines as details X to Z.
  • the fitting points which consist of two cooperating fitting surfaces, are part of FIGS. 2 and 3 in an enlarged view.
  • a bolt (14) is used here to prevent the cover part (10) or the flow-guiding insert (5) from rotating.
  • Fig. 2 shows the behavior of the fitting point (13) under the influence of temperature.
  • the detail Y encircled in FIG. 1 is shown here in an enlarged representation and at three different operating temperatures above a coordinate diagram.
  • the system temperature from 0 to 200 ° C is shown on the abscissa and the gap size in millimeters on the ordinate.
  • the representation of the fit point (13) shows an elastically resilient component (15) of the cover part (10).
  • Its mating surface (16) like the mating surface (17) attached to and cooperating with the pressure-loaded housing (8), is designed as a conical surface.
  • the insert (5) and the cover part (10) expand further, as a result of which - due to the mating surfaces arranged on the conical surfaces and the resilient component (15) - the mating surface (16) on the mating surface (17) according to graphic representation can slide diagonally upwards along the right.
  • the fitting surface (16) is provided with a thin coating to reduce friction and prevent adhesive wear. In the right-hand illustration of FIG. 2, this is represented by a dash-dotted contour of the elastically flexible component (15).
  • the resilient component (15) is subjected to bending.
  • the 200 ° C given here as the final temperature in the abscissa does not represent a limit for the subject matter of the invention. According to the selected dimensions and gap sizes and the materials used, the subject matter of the invention can readily be used at system temperatures well above 200 ° C. It then represents an optimization task at which temperatures and which gap widths the most favorable load values are determined.
  • the cover part (10) made of austenitic material expands further in the radial direction than the pressure-loaded housing (8) made of ferritic material.
  • the straight line beginning at 20 ° on the abscissa and rising to the top right shows the gap size as a function of the temperature.
  • a radial gap of 0.1728 mm is created.
  • the 200 ° C do not represent an absolute limit, but are only to be understood as an example. Higher temperatures can readily be used in the subject matter of the invention. Due to the fact that the guide device is almost always guided by only one fit point, tension can be effectively prevented.
  • the fit point (12) encircled as detail Z in FIG. 1 largely corresponds in its behavior to the fit point (11). It can be used as an alternative to the fit point (11).
  • Essential to the invention is the fact that within of the stage housing, only two fitting points with different diameters are used. In the example shown here, this can be the fitting points (12) and (13) or the fitting points (11) and (13).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-part fluid guiding device composed of various materials for centrifugal pumps. When subjected to heat, differing expansion behaviour occurs depending on the materials used. Of the fitting positions (11, 12, 13) of the fluid guiding device effective in a radial direction only one fitting position ever applies depending on the particular temperature. In the cold operating state this is the fitting position (11) located on the smaller diameter, whereas in the warm operating position it is the fitting position (13) located on the larger diameter. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Leitrad für Kreiselpumpen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a stator for centrifugal pumps according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE-PS 689 618 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Ausgleich von axialen Wärmeausdehnungen zwischen gegeneinander unbeweglichen und verschieden stark erwärmten Maschinenteilen bekannt. Insbesondere bei mehrstufigen Kreiselpumpen kann bei der Förderung heißer Medien die axiale Wärmeausdehnung der Leiträder zu einem Problem werden. Bedingt durch die unterschiedliche Temperatur der einzelnen Pumpenteile können durch eine ungleiche Erwärmung in den Bauteilen zusätzliche Spannungen entstehen. Zum Ausgleich der axialen Wärmeausdehnungen werden nicht federnde formänderungsfähige Vorsprünge vorgesehen, mit denen sich ausdehnende Pumpenteile in axialer Richtung an ihren Nachbarteilen anliegen. Durch eine Formänderung der Vorsprünge wird die Wärmedehnung kompensiert. Durch die plastische Veränderung der formänderungsfähigen Vorsprünge und bei zu erwartenden starken Formänderungen sind zusätzliche Bauteile - als Federn ausgebildete Zwischenkörper - vorgesehen. Dadurch soll auch bei starken Temperaturschwankungen die Anlage der Vorsprünge und ein Entstehen von Spaltverlusten vermieden werden.From DE-PS 689 618 a device for compensating for axial thermal expansion between mutually immobile and differently heated machine parts is known. In the case of multi-stage centrifugal pumps in particular, the axial thermal expansion of the guide wheels can become a problem when conveying hot media. Due to the different temperatures of the individual pump parts, uneven heating in the components can result in additional stresses. To compensate for the axial thermal expansion, non-resilient projections capable of changing shape are provided, by means of which expanding pump parts rest in the axial direction on their neighboring parts. The thermal expansion is compensated for by changing the shape of the projections. As a result of the plastic change in the projections capable of changing their shape and in the event of severe changes in shape to be expected, additional components - intermediate bodies designed as springs - are provided. This is intended to prevent the projections from contacting and the occurrence of gap losses even in the event of strong temperature fluctuations.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, für Kreiselpumpen, die Temperaturwechseln ausgesetzt sind, eine hoch belastbare Leiteinrichtung zu entwickeln, wobei ein Anlaufen der Pumpenwelle und unzulässige Materialspannungen verhindert sowie die Dichtheit gewährleistet wird. Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Hauptanspruches.The invention has for its object to develop a heavy-duty guide device for centrifugal pumps that are exposed to temperature changes, wherein starting of the pump shaft and impermissible material stresses prevented as well as the tightness is guaranteed. This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of the main claim.

Die Verwendung von zwei verschiedenen Materialien innerhalb der Leiteinrichtung mag auf den ersten Anschein nachteilig erscheinen, zumal der aus austenitischem Material bestehende strömungsführende Einsatz einen größeren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist als der druckbelastete, aus ferritischem Material bestehende Gehäuseteil. Der vermeintliche Nachteil, ein sich schnell erwärmender strömungsführender Einsatz, welcher noch zusätzlich einen größeren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, kehrt sich bei erfindungsgemäßer Gestaltung in das Gegenteil um. Infolge der Anordnung der Passungsstellen zwischen innerem Einsatz und äußerem Gehäuseteil auf unterschiedlichen Durchmessern und der Bedingung, daß der innere Einsatz in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur immer nur an einer Passungsstelle anliegt, ist ein genau definierbares Verhalten der Leiteinrichtung möglich. Dadurch, daß der innere Einsatz in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur immer nur an einer Passungsstelle anliegt, werden Verspannungen zwischen den Bauteilen und damit Materialüberlastungen wirkungsvoll vermieden. Zudem weist ein austenitischer Werkstoff eine höhere Zähigkeit und Verschleißbeständigkeit auf, weshalb dessen Verwendung für den strömungsführenden Einsatz eine hohe Lebensdauer sicherstellt.At first glance, the use of two different materials within the guide device may appear to be disadvantageous, especially since the flow-guiding insert made of austenitic material has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the pressure-loaded housing part made of ferritic material. The supposed disadvantage, a rapidly warming flow-carrying insert, which additionally has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion, is reversed in the opposite in the design according to the invention. As a result of the arrangement of the fit points between the inner insert and the outer housing part on different diameters and the condition that the inner insert is only present at one fit point depending on the temperature, a precisely definable behavior of the guide device is possible. Due to the fact that the inner insert is only at one fit point depending on the temperature, tension between the components and thus material overloads are effectively avoided. In addition, an austenitic material has higher toughness and wear resistance, which is why its use for flow-guiding applications ensures a long service life.

Die in den Ansprüchen 2 und 3 beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen beschreiben das Verhalten des Einsatzes bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen. Prinzipiell liegt der strömungsführende Einsatz innerhalb des strömungsführenden Gehäuses bzw. zwischen den strömungsführenden Gehäusen immer nur an einer Passungsstelle an. Im kalten Betriebszustand ist es die auf kleinem Durchmesser angeordnete Passungsstelle, während es im warmen bzw. heißen Betriebszustand die auf größerem Durchmesser befindliche Passungsstelle ist. Diese Maßnahme verhindert während der Anfahrphase, d. h. also beim Übergang vom kalten Betriebszustand in den warmen bzw. heißen Betriebszustand und umgekehrt, ein Anlaufen der Pumpenwelle an den Lagerstellen bzw. den Dichtbuchsen durch Verspannungen des Pumpengehäuses. Des weiteren wird vermieden, daß durch ungünstige Wärmeausdehnungen der strömungsführende Einsatz ohne Führung innerhalb des druckbelasteten Gehäuseteiles ist und somit gewissermaßen durchfällt und damit wieder eine Berührung zwischen stillstehendem und drehendem Teil erfolgt. Dies verhindert gleichzeitig eine Exzentrizität zwischen Laufrad und Leitrad, wodurch das Entstehen von erhöhten hydraulischen Radialkräften auf das Laufrad unterbunden wird.The configurations described in claims 2 and 3 describe the behavior of the insert at different temperatures. In principle, the flow-carrying insert lies only within one fit location within the flow-carrying housing or between the flow-carrying housings. In the cold operating state it is the fitting point arranged on a small diameter, while in the warm or hot operating state it is the fitting point located on a larger diameter. This measure prevents During the start-up phase, that is to say during the transition from the cold operating state to the warm or hot operating state and vice versa, the pump shaft starts up at the bearing points or the sealing bushes due to tension in the pump housing. Furthermore, it is avoided that the unfavorable thermal expansions mean that the flow-guiding insert is without a guide within the pressure-loaded housing part and thus fails to a certain extent, and thus contact between the stationary and rotating part takes place again. At the same time, this prevents eccentricity between the impeller and stator, which prevents the creation of increased hydraulic radial forces on the impeller.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, daß im warmen Betriebszustand die Paßflächen der auf größerem Durchmesser befindlichen Passungsstelle den strömungsführenden Einsatz innerhalb des druckbelasteten Teiles zentrieren. Entsprechend der jeweils vorhandenen Betriebstemperatur übernimmt immer nur eine Passungsstelle die Zentrierung des strömungsführenden Einsatzes innerhalb des druckbelasteten Gehäuseteiles. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die auf größerem Durchmesser befindlichen Paßflächen als Kegelmantelflächen ausgebildet. Damit wird bei einer Anlage der Paßflächen erreicht, daß in Abhängigkeit von dem Kegelwinkel Kräfte sowohl in radialer als auch in axialer Richtung weitergeleitet werden. Eine dünne Beschichtung ist auf einer Kegelfläche (möglichst am austenitischen Teil) zur Verhinderung von Haftverschleiß und zur Minimierung der Reibung aufgebracht.A further embodiment provides that in the warm operating state the mating surfaces of the fitting location located on a larger diameter center the flow-carrying insert within the pressure-loaded part. Depending on the operating temperature in each case, only one fit point is used to center the flow-carrying insert within the pressure-loaded housing part. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the mating surfaces located on a larger diameter are designed as conical outer surfaces. It is thus achieved in a system of the mating surfaces that forces are transmitted both in the radial and in the axial direction depending on the cone angle. A thin coating is applied to a conical surface (preferably on the austenitic part) to prevent adhesive wear and to minimize friction.

Zur Vermeidung unbeeinflußbarer Spannungen innerhalb der Bauteile sieht eine andere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, daß die auf größerem Durchmesser befindliche Paßfläche des strömungsführenden Einsatzes an einem elastisch nachgiebigen Bestandteil angebracht ist. Damit wird gewährleistet, daß der Paßflächenteil, der Bestandteil des elastisch nachgiebigen, strömungsführenden und austenitischen Einsatzes ist, bei Erwärmung an der damit zusammenwirkenden gegenüberliegenden Paßfläche des ferritischen druckbelasteten Gehäuseteiles elastisch nachgiebig anliegt. In Verbindung mit der als Kegelmantelfläche ausgebildeten Passungsstelle kann die elastisch nachgiebig angeordnete Paßfläche auf der gegenüberliegenden Paßfläche federnd nachgiebig entlanggleiten. Während einer gewissen Übergangsphase bis zum Erreichen der Betriebstemperatur der Bauteile wird somit eine sichere Führung des strömungsführenden Einsatzes gewährleistet und eine durch Wärmespannung hervorgerufene Überbelastung des Gehäuseteiles vermieden.In order to avoid uncontrollable tensions within the components, another embodiment of the invention provides that the larger-diameter fitting surface of the flow-guiding insert is attached to an elastically resilient component. This ensures that the mating surface part, the component of the resilient, flow-guiding and austenitic insert is resiliently resilient when heated on the cooperating opposite mating surface of the ferritic pressure-loaded housing part. In conjunction with the fitting point designed as a conical surface, the elastically resiliently arranged fitting surface can slide resiliently along the opposite fitting surface. During a certain transition phase until the operating temperature of the components is reached, safe guidance of the flow-guiding insert is thus ensured and overloading of the housing part caused by thermal stress is avoided.

Die Wirkungsweise der Erfindung läßt sich wie folgt darstellen. Die Passungsstellen, die gewöhnlich aus zwei übereinander geschobenen Kreisringflächen bestehen, weisen hierbei eine ganz bestimmte Konfiguration auf. Im kalten Betriebszustand, unter dem man gewöhnlich eine Raum- und Aggregattemperatur von ungefähr 20 °C ansieht, ist der strömungsführende Einsatz nur an einer Passungsstelle geführt, und zwar liegt er dann an der auf dem kleineren Durchmesser befindlichen Passungsstelle am druckbelasteten Gehäuseteil an. Die Passung weist hierbei ein Toleranzfeld auf, demzufolge die Abmaße eine Übergangspassung ergeben. Übergangspassungen liegen bekanntlich zwischen den Spielpassungen und Preßpassungen. In praxi bedeutet dies, daß bei der Montage und im kalten Betriebszustand kein Radialspalt zwischen den Paßflächen besteht. Die auf größerem Durchmesser befindliche Passungsstelle weist im kalten Betriebszustand einen Radialspalt auf. Bei zunehmender Erwärmung der Kreiselpumpe, welche durch entsprechend temperiertes sowie durchströmendes Fördermedium bedingt sein kann, dehnen sich die mit dem Fördermedium in Berührung kommenden Teile aus. Durch die Verwendung eines austenitischen Werkstoffes wird sich der dem Fördermedium vollständig ausgesetzte strömungsführende Einsatz schneller und stärker ausdehnen als das aus ferritischem Werkstoff bestehende druckbelastete Gehäuse. Gewissermaßen erfolgt somit ein Wachsen der Radialspalte an den Passungsstellen. Die auf kleinerem Durchmesser befindlichen Paßflächen wachsen auseinander und bilden einen Radialspalt, während die auf größerem Durchmesser befindlichen Paßflächen gewissermaßen zuwachsen und den bestehenden Spalt schließen. Da die Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der Materialien bekannt sind, kann durch entsprechende Spaltbemessung sowie Spaltkonfiguration genau bestimmt werden, bei welcher Temperatur der auf größerem Durchmesser befindliche Radialspalt der Passungsstelle gegen Null geht bzw. wann in diesem Bereich eine elastische Verformung stattfindet.The operation of the invention can be illustrated as follows. The fit points, which usually consist of two circular ring surfaces pushed over one another, have a very specific configuration. In the cold operating state, under which you can usually see a room and unit temperature of around 20 ° C, the flow-carrying insert is only guided at one fitting point, and that is because it lies against the fitting point on the smaller diameter of the pressure-loaded housing part. The fit has a tolerance field, according to which the dimensions result in a transition fit. As is well known, transition fits lie between the game fits and press fits. In practice, this means that there is no radial gap between the mating surfaces during assembly and in the cold operating state. The fitting location, which has a larger diameter, has a radial gap in the cold operating state. With increasing heating of the centrifugal pump, which can be caused by a correspondingly tempered and flowing medium, the parts coming into contact with the medium expand. By using an austenitic material, the flow-carrying insert that is completely exposed to the medium will expand faster and more than that made of ferritic material Material existing pressure-loaded housing. To a certain extent, the radial gaps thus grow at the fitting points. The mating surfaces located on a smaller diameter grow apart and form a radial gap, while the mating surfaces located on a larger diameter grow to a certain extent and close the existing gap. Since the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials are known, the appropriate gap dimensioning and gap configuration can be used to determine exactly at which temperature the radial gap of the fit point, which is located on a larger diameter, approaches zero or when elastic deformation takes place in this area.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigt die

Fig. 1
einen Ausschnitt aus einer mehrstufigen Kreiselpumpe, die
Fig. 2
einen Verlauf der Radialspaltentwicklung in Bezug auf die jeweilige Temperatur am Beispiel der auf größerem Durchmesser befindlichen Passungsstelle und die
Fig. 3
entsprechend zur Fig. 2 den Verlauf des Radialspaltes der auf kleinerem Durchmesser befindlichen Passungsstelle.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. It shows the
Fig. 1
a section of a multi-stage centrifugal pump, the
Fig. 2
a course of the radial gap development in relation to the respective temperature using the example of the larger diameter fitting location and the
Fig. 3
corresponding to FIG. 2, the course of the radial gap of the fitting point located on a smaller diameter.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einem Längsschnitt durch eine mehrstufige Kreiselpumpe. Auf einer Welle (1) sind mit Hilfe einer Nut-Feder-Verbindung (2) Laufräder (3, 4) befestigt. Das aus dem Laufrad (3) austretende Fördermedium strömt in den strömungsführenden Einsatz (5), und zwar zuerst in die Leitkanäle (6), gelangt danach in einen Ringraum (7), der nach außen von dem druckbelasteten Gehäuse (8) begrenzt wird und strömt von dort durch die Rückführpartie (9) einem nachgeschalteten Laufrad (4) zu. Der strömungsführende Einsatz (5) ist hier zweiteilig ausgebildet, wobei die Rückführpartie (9) und die Leitkanäle (6) ein Teil bilden und ein Deckelteil (10) die Leitkanäle (6) in axialer Richtung verschließen. Der Deckelteil (10) und der strömungsführende Einsatz (5) bestehen aus dem gleichen austenitischen Werkstoff, so daß eine evtl. zwischen diesen Teilen befindliche Passungsstelle bei Temperaturschwankungen ohne Einfluß bleibt. Bei Bedarf können der Deckelteil (10) und der strömungsführende Einsatz miteinander verlötet oder verschweißt werden. Der hier zweiteilig ausgebildete strömungsführende Einsatz (5) kann auch als einteiliges Bauteil gestaltet sein. Innerhalb des druckbelasteten Gehäuses (8) ist der strömungsführende Einsatz (5) an der auf kleinerem Durchmesser befindlichen Passungsstelle (11) oder (12) zentriert sowie an einer auf größerem Durchmesser befindlichen Passungsstelle (13). Die Passungsstellen sind hier durch strichpunktierte Linien als Einzelheiten X bis Z markiert. Die Passungsstellen, welche aus zwei zusammenwirkenden Paßflächen bestehen, sind in vergrößerter Darstellung Bestandteil der Fig. 2 und 3. Ein Bolzen (14) dient hier zur Verdrehsicherung des Deckelteiles (10) bzw. des strömungsführenden Einsatzes (5).1 shows a section of a longitudinal section through a multi-stage centrifugal pump. Impellers (3, 4) are attached to a shaft (1) by means of a tongue and groove connection (2). The pumped medium emerging from the impeller (3) flows into the flow-carrying insert (5), first into the guide channels (6), then reaches an annular space (7) which is delimited from the outside by the pressure-loaded housing (8) and flows from there through the return section (9) downstream impeller (4). The flow-guiding insert (5) is formed here in two parts, the return section (9) and the guide channels (6) forming one part and a cover part (10) closing the guide channels (6) in the axial direction. The cover part (10) and the flow-guiding insert (5) are made of the same austenitic material, so that a fit point possibly located between these parts remains without influence in the event of temperature fluctuations. If necessary, the cover part (10) and the flow-carrying insert can be soldered or welded together. The flow-guiding insert (5), which is formed here in two parts, can also be designed as a one-part component. Within the pressure-loaded housing (8), the flow-guiding insert (5) is centered on the fitting point (11) or (12) which is on a smaller diameter and on a fitting point (13) which is on a larger diameter. The fit points are marked here with dash-dotted lines as details X to Z. The fitting points, which consist of two cooperating fitting surfaces, are part of FIGS. 2 and 3 in an enlarged view. A bolt (14) is used here to prevent the cover part (10) or the flow-guiding insert (5) from rotating.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt das Verhalten der Passungsstelle (13) unter Temperatureinfluß. Die in Fig. 1 eingekreiste Einzelheit Y ist hier in vergrößerter Darstellung und bei drei verschiedenen Betriebstemperaturen oberhalb eines Koordinatendiagramms eingezeichnet. Bei diesem Beispiel ist auf der Abszisse die Systemtemperatur von 0 bis 200 °C und auf der Ordinate die Spaltgröße in Millimetern angegeben. Die Darstellung der Passungsstelle (13) ziegt einen elastisch nachgiebigen Bestandteil (15) des Deckelteiles (10). Dessen Paßfläche (16) ist ebenso wie die an dem druckbelasteten Gehäuse (8) angebrachte und damit zusammenwirkende Paßfläche (17) als Kegelmantelfläche ausgebildet. Im Montagezustand bzw. im kalten Betriebszustand, welcher im allgemeinen bei ungefähr 20 °C angenommen wird, besteht zwischen den Paßflächen (16,17) ein in radialer Richtung meßbarer Spalt, der im Beispiel 0,1 mn beträgt. Der radiale Abstand zwischen einer zylindrischen Umfangsfläche (20) des strömungsführenden Einsatzes (5) sowie der gegenüberliegenden Wandfläche (21) des druckbelasteten Gehäuses (8) beträgt hier 0,25 mm. Mit steigender Temperatur dehnt sich der aus einem austenitischen Werkstoff bestehende elastisch nachgiebige Bestandteil (15) in radialer Richtung aus, wodurch der Spalt zwischen den Paßflächen (16, 17) kleiner wird. Bei einer Systemtemperatur von ungefähr 100 °C ist der Spalt gegen Null gegangen und die Paßflächen liegen aneinander (vgl. mittlere Darstellung von Fig. 2). Mit steigender Temperatur erzolgt eine weitere Ausdehnung des Einsatzes (5) und des Deckelteiles (10), wodurch - bedingt durch die auf Kegelmantelflächen angeordneten Paßflächen sowie des elastisch nachgiebigen Bestandteiles (15) - die Paßfläche (16) auf der paßfläche (17) gemäß der zeichnerischen Darstellung schräg nach oben rechts entlang gleiten kann. Die Paßfläche (16) ist zur Verminderung von Reibung und Verhinderung von Haftverschleiß mit einer dünnen Beschichtung versehen. In der rechten Darstellung der Fig. 2 ist dies durch eine strichpunktierte Kontur des elastisch nachgiebigen Bestandteiles (15) dargestellt. Zwischen den Temperaturen von 100 bis 200 °C wird der elastisch nachgiebige Bestandteil (15) auf Biegung belastet. Die hier als Endtemperatur in der Abszisse angegebenen 200 °C stellen keinen Grenzwert für den Erfindungsgegenstand dar. Entsprechend den gewählten Abmessungen und Spaltgrößen sowie der Verwendung findenden Werkstoffe kann der Erfindungsgegenstand ohne weiteres bei Systemtemperaturen erheblich über 200 °C Anwendung finden. Es stellt dann eine Optimierungsaufgabe dar, bei welchen Temperaturen und welchen Spaltweiten die günstigsten Belastungswerte ermittelt werden.Fig. 2 shows the behavior of the fitting point (13) under the influence of temperature. The detail Y encircled in FIG. 1 is shown here in an enlarged representation and at three different operating temperatures above a coordinate diagram. In this example, the system temperature from 0 to 200 ° C is shown on the abscissa and the gap size in millimeters on the ordinate. The representation of the fit point (13) shows an elastically resilient component (15) of the cover part (10). Its mating surface (16), like the mating surface (17) attached to and cooperating with the pressure-loaded housing (8), is designed as a conical surface. In the assembled state or in the cold operating state, which is generally approximately 20 ° C is assumed, there is a gap that can be measured in the radial direction between the mating surfaces (16, 17), which is 0.1 mm in the example. The radial distance between a cylindrical peripheral surface (20) of the flow-guiding insert (5) and the opposite wall surface (21) of the pressure-loaded housing (8) is 0.25 mm here. As the temperature rises, the elastically flexible component (15), which is made of an austenitic material, expands in the radial direction, as a result of which the gap between the mating surfaces (16, 17) becomes smaller. At a system temperature of approximately 100 ° C., the gap has gone to zero and the mating surfaces lie against one another (cf. middle illustration of FIG. 2). As the temperature rises, the insert (5) and the cover part (10) expand further, as a result of which - due to the mating surfaces arranged on the conical surfaces and the resilient component (15) - the mating surface (16) on the mating surface (17) according to graphic representation can slide diagonally upwards along the right. The fitting surface (16) is provided with a thin coating to reduce friction and prevent adhesive wear. In the right-hand illustration of FIG. 2, this is represented by a dash-dotted contour of the elastically flexible component (15). Between the temperatures of 100 to 200 ° C, the resilient component (15) is subjected to bending. The 200 ° C given here as the final temperature in the abscissa does not represent a limit for the subject matter of the invention. According to the selected dimensions and gap sizes and the materials used, the subject matter of the invention can readily be used at system temperatures well above 200 ° C. It then represents an optimization task at which temperatures and which gap widths the most favorable load values are determined.

In der Fig. 3, welche einer vergrößerten Darstellung der Passungsstelle (11), Einzelheit X von Fig. 1 entspricht, ist das Wachstum der auf kleinerem Durchmesser befindlichen Passungsstelle (11) gezeigt. Der hier beschriebene Ablauf muß im zeitlichen Zusammenhang mit dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten und beschriebenen Ablauf gesehen werden. Das Vergrößern und Verkleinern der Spalte läuft zeitlich gleichzeitig ab. Wird die Passungsstelle (12), entsprechend Einzelheit Z, anstelle der Passungsstelle (11) gewählt, dann gilt das nachstehend Beschriebene in gleicher Weise. Im kalten Zustand liegt die Paßfläche (18) des Deckelteiles (10) und die Paßfläche (19) des zur vorhergehenden Pumpenstufe gehörenden druckbelasteten Gehäuses (8) ohne Radialspalt aneinander. Dies wird erreicht, indem bei der Bearbeitung der Paßflächen Toleranzfelder gewählt werden, die eine Übergangspassung ergeben, welche bekanntlich zwischen den Spiel- und den Preßpassungen liegen. Mit steigender Systemtemperatur dehnt sich das hier aus austenitischem Material bestehende Deckelteil (10) in radialer Richtung weiter aus als das aus ferritischem Material bestehende druckbelastete Gehäuse (8). Die auf der Abszisse bei 20° beginnende, nach rechts oben ansteigende Gerade zeigt die Spaltgröße in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur auf. Bei der für dieses Beispiel gewählten Grenztemperatur von 200 °C entsteht dann ein Radialspalt von 0,1728 mm. Die 200 °C stellen keinen absoluten Grenzwert dar, sondern sind nur als Beispiel zu verstehen. Höhere Temperaturen können ohne weiteres bei dem Erfindungsgegenstand Anwendung finden. Dadurch, daß die Leiteinrichtung quasi immer nur von einer Passungsstelle geführt wird, können Verspannungen wirkungsvoll verhindert werden.3, which corresponds to an enlarged representation of the fitting point (11), detail X from FIG. 1, shows the growth of the fitting point (11) located on a smaller diameter. The sequence described here must be seen in connection with the sequence shown and described in FIG. 2. The column enlarges and shrinks at the same time. If the fit point (12), in accordance with detail Z, is chosen instead of the fit point (11), then what is described below applies in the same way. In the cold state, the mating surface (18) of the cover part (10) and the mating surface (19) of the pressure-loaded housing (8) belonging to the previous pump stage lie against one another without a radial gap. This is achieved by selecting tolerance fields when machining the mating surfaces, which result in a transition fit, which is known to lie between the clearance and the press fits. As the system temperature rises, the cover part (10) made of austenitic material expands further in the radial direction than the pressure-loaded housing (8) made of ferritic material. The straight line beginning at 20 ° on the abscissa and rising to the top right shows the gap size as a function of the temperature. At the limit temperature of 200 ° C chosen for this example, a radial gap of 0.1728 mm is created. The 200 ° C do not represent an absolute limit, but are only to be understood as an example. Higher temperatures can readily be used in the subject matter of the invention. Due to the fact that the guide device is almost always guided by only one fit point, tension can be effectively prevented.

Wie bereits vorstehend erwähnt, entspricht die in der Fig. 1 als Einzelheit Z eingekreiste Passungsstelle (12) in ihrem Verhalten weitgehend der Passungsstelle (11). Sie kann alternativ zur Passungsstelle (11) Anwendung finden. Wesentlich für die Erfindung ist die Tatsache, daß innerhalb des Stufengehäuses nur zwei auf unterschiedlichen Durchmessern befindliche Passungsstellen Anwendung finden. Bei dem hier gezeigten Beispiel können dies also die Passungsstellen (12) und (13) oder aber die Passungsstellen (11) und (13) sein.As already mentioned above, the fit point (12) encircled as detail Z in FIG. 1 largely corresponds in its behavior to the fit point (11). It can be used as an alternative to the fit point (11). Essential to the invention is the fact that within of the stage housing, only two fitting points with different diameters are used. In the example shown here, this can be the fitting points (12) and (13) or the fitting points (11) and (13).

Claims (9)

  1. A guide means for centrifugal pumps subjected to thermal loads and having a single or multi-stage design, each guide means comprising a pressure loaded external housing part (8) and a flow guiding internal insert (5), the insert (5) being able to be applied to different fitting positions (11, 12 and 13) at different diameters, in and/or on the external housing part (8), characterized in that
    - the external housing part (8) consists of a ferritic material and the flow guiding insert (5) consists of an austenitic material and in that
    - the internal insert (5) engages a fitting position alternatingly in accordance with the temperature.
  2. The guide device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the cold operating state the fitting surfaces (18 and 19) of the fitting position (11 or 12) at the smaller diameter engage each other and between the fitting surfaces (16 and 17) the fitting position (13) at the larger diameter there is a gap.
  3. The guide device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the hot operating state the fitting surfaces (18 and 19) of the fitting position (11 or 12) at the smaller diameter define a gap becoming larger with an increase in temperature and in that the fitting surfaces (16 and 17) of the fitting position (13) located at the larger diameter have a gap which becomes smaller with an increase in temperature until there is engagement.
  4. The guide device as claimed in any one of the claims 1 through 3, characterized in that in the hot operating state the fitting surfaces (16 and 17) of the fitting position (13) at the larger diameter center the insert (5) within the pressure loaded housing (8).
  5. The guide device as claimed in any one of the claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the fitting surfaces (16 and 17) at the larger diameter are designed in the form of conical surfaces.
  6. The guide device as claimed in any one of the claims 1 through 5, characterized in that the fitting surfaces at the larger diameter are arranged on an elastically yielding component (15) of the flow guiding insert (5).
  7. The guide device as claimed in any one of the claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the insert (5) is designed in the form of a single or multi-part austenitic component.
  8. The guide device as claimed in any one or more of the claims 1 through 7, characterized in that the flow guiding insert (5) is provided with a cover part (10) laterally delimiting guide ducts in the axial direction and a fitting position (16 and 17) arranged thereon and located at the maximum diameter.
  9. The guide device as claimed in any one or more of the claims 1 through 7, characterized in that one of the conical surfaces (16 and 17) is provided with a thin coating.
EP91116503A 1990-10-09 1991-09-27 Fluid guiding device Expired - Lifetime EP0480261B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4031936 1990-10-09
DE4031936A DE4031936A1 (en) 1990-10-09 1990-10-09 CONTROL DEVICE

Publications (2)

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EP0480261A1 EP0480261A1 (en) 1992-04-15
EP0480261B1 true EP0480261B1 (en) 1996-03-27

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ID=6415886

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EP91116503A Expired - Lifetime EP0480261B1 (en) 1990-10-09 1991-09-27 Fluid guiding device

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US (1) US5207560A (en)
EP (1) EP0480261B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE136098T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4031936A1 (en)

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DE102010063108A1 (en) 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Ksb Aktiengesellschaft Sealing arrangement for centrifugal pumps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE136098T1 (en) 1996-04-15
DE4031936A1 (en) 1992-04-16
DE59107613D1 (en) 1996-05-02
US5207560A (en) 1993-05-04
EP0480261A1 (en) 1992-04-15

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