EP0478413B1 - Process for manufacture of a foundry mould by use of foam material and ceramique binder - Google Patents

Process for manufacture of a foundry mould by use of foam material and ceramique binder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0478413B1
EP0478413B1 EP91402417A EP91402417A EP0478413B1 EP 0478413 B1 EP0478413 B1 EP 0478413B1 EP 91402417 A EP91402417 A EP 91402417A EP 91402417 A EP91402417 A EP 91402417A EP 0478413 B1 EP0478413 B1 EP 0478413B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
ceramic
pattern
mould
casting
preparation
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EP91402417A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0478413A1 (en
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Thierry André Cuisin
Vincent Raymond Jacques Poirier
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
SNECMA SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ceramic mold intended for the casting of parts, in particular in foundry methods of the lost model type. It also relates to slip and the process used for the preparation of said mold.
  • slip compositions used for the manufacture of foundry shell molds have been described in particular by EP-A-0 251 847, US-A-3 249 972, FR-A-2 348 772.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to obtain an alternative solution for the manufacture of molds made of ceramic material intended for foundry applications with a lost model, so that the molds thus obtained meet the various conditions of their use generally sought in this field, by making it possible to obtain castings which meet strict quality criteria, in particular for aeronautical applications such as superalloy parts for aeronautical engines.
  • An object of the invention is also to propose a method for manufacturing said molds in which the handling is simplified and the risk of scrap during preparation is reduced, while providing time savings in the preparation cycle.
  • the ceramic slip used in step (c) of the mold preparation process described above can be produced as desired from two series of constituents.
  • the production of a ceramic mold for casting foundry parts with a lost model comprises a first step (a) known per se, consisting in coating the lost model, in particular in wax, with a contact layer, for example by immersion in a slip based on ceramic suspension with various binders and additives then drying and depositing of ceramic grains by dusting.
  • the model 1 thus coated is placed in a preparation mold 2.
  • the model 1 is fixed on a support 3 and the preparation mold 2 reproduces the shape of the external surface of the casting mold to be obtained.
  • This preparation mold 2 is made of a material suitable for this use, for example made of silastene or another plastic material or a composite or metallic material.
  • the slip obtained is introduced into the cavity 4 formed between the coated model 1 and the preparation mold 2 either by injection or by filling by pouring it.
  • the gas evolution reaction produces an expansion of the foam around the model 1 as shown at 5 in FIG. 2.
  • This reaction is accompanied by an exothermic effect which causes the gel to set rapidly in gel and thus freezes the alveolar structure. obtained which fills the cavity 4 and adheres to the contact layer covering the model 1.
  • a precise dosage of the various components of the reaction makes it possible to control the expansion of the foam.
  • steps (e) and (f) of the process are carried out in a conventional manner and consist of dewaxing and baking of the mold leading to consolidation by sintering. Note, however, that these operations are simplified because no prior packaging is required.
  • the casting molds obtained were entirely satisfactory in their applications in precision foundry.
  • the remarkable honeycomb structure in accordance with the invention of the casting mold makes it possible in particular to control the refractoriness of the shell and its exchanges thermal with the outside.
  • the casting mold does not exhibit any brittleness and retains advantageous properties of resistance and stability.
  • Another exemplary embodiment can be given retaining the steps of the process for preparing a casting mold which have been described in Example 1. The only modifications are made to step (c) of said process.
  • Two silicone-based products are used here, the mixture of which forms a coherent foam by gassing and crosslinking of the silicone polymers.
  • the second silicone-based product is then incorporated into this mixture in the same proportions, from 20 to 30% as the first.
  • the slip obtained is then introduced, as previously in Example 1, into the cavity 4 formed between the coated model 1 and the preparation mold 2, either by injection or by filling by pouring it.
  • the foam forms after a few minutes; it expands around model 1 by adhering on the contact layer.
  • the shell is removed from the mold and the mold is dewaxed and baked, at a temperature of at least 1000 ° C. As before, no prior packaging of the shell is necessary.
  • the silicone-based compounds in the mold are transformed into silica, a refractory ceramic material while the honeycomb structure is preserved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un moule céramique destiné à la coulée de pièces, notamment dans les procédés de fonderie du type à modèle perdu. Elle concerne également les barbotines et le procédé utilisés pour la préparation dudit moule.The present invention relates to a ceramic mold intended for the casting of parts, in particular in foundry methods of the lost model type. It also relates to slip and the process used for the preparation of said mold.

Comme il est déjà bien connu, les procédés de fonderie à modèle en cire perdue utilisant un moule en céramique comportent notamment les étapes suivantes :

  • réalisation d'un modèle, généralement en cire, de la pièce à réaliser,
  • enrobage du modèle par couches successives à partir de barbotines de compositions déterminées avec séchages intermédiaires, de manière à former ledit moule-carapace,
  • traitement thermique ou cuisson selon des cycles déterminés de températures et durées de manière à obtenir une consolidation ou "cuisson" du moule et l'élimination du modèle,
  • réalisation d'une opération de coulée de pièce dans le moule obtenu qui peut par exemple avoir la forme d'une "grappe" dans le cas d'une coulée simultanée de plusieurs pièces, notamment pour des applications aéronautiques telles que des aubes de moteur, particulièrement visées par l'invention,
  • élimination du moule-carapace.
As is already well known, the lost wax model foundry processes using a ceramic mold include the following steps:
  • production of a model, generally in wax, of the part to be produced,
  • coating of the model in successive layers from slips of determined compositions with intermediate drying, so as to form said shell mold,
  • heat treatment or cooking according to determined cycles of temperatures and times so as to obtain a consolidation or "cooking" of the mold and the elimination of the model,
  • carrying out a part casting operation in the mold obtained, which may for example have the form of a "cluster" in the case of a simultaneous casting of several parts, in particular for aeronautical applications such as engine blades, particularly targeted by the invention,
  • elimination of the shell mold.

Des exemples de compositions de barbotines utilisées pour la fabrication de moules-carapaces de fonderie ont été notamment décrits par EP-A-0 251 847, US-A-3 249 972, FR-A-2 348 772.Examples of slip compositions used for the manufacture of foundry shell molds have been described in particular by EP-A-0 251 847, US-A-3 249 972, FR-A-2 348 772.

On connait par ailleurs, par FR-A-2 479 044, un procédé de fonderie utilisant un modèle fusible qui est obtenu au moins en partie à partir d'une composition moussante du type mousse de polyuréthane ou mousse époxy.We also know, from FR-A-2 479 044, a foundry process using a fusible model which is obtained at least in part from a foaming composition of the polyurethane foam or epoxy foam type.

Il est également connu du document GB-A-952 270 d'utiliser un matériau réfractaire expansé (vermiculite) pour former une chemise isolante autour d'un moule classique.It is also known from document GB-A-952 270 to use an expanded refractory material (vermiculite) to form an insulating jacket around a conventional mold.

Un des but de l'invention est d'obtenir une solution alternative pour la fabrication de moules en matériau céramique destinés à des applications en fonderie à modèle perdu, de manière que les moules ainsi obtenus répondent aux différentes conditions de leur utilisation généralement recherchées dans ce domaine, en permettant d'obtenir des pièces coulées répondant à des critères stricts de qualité, notamment pour des applications aéronautiques telles que pièces en superalliages pour moteurs aéronautiques. Un but de l'invention est également de proposer un procédé de fabrication desdits moules dans lequel les manipulations sont simplifiées et les risques de rebuts en cours d'élaboration sont réduits, tout en procurant un gain de temps dans le cycle de préparation.One of the objects of the invention is to obtain an alternative solution for the manufacture of molds made of ceramic material intended for foundry applications with a lost model, so that the molds thus obtained meet the various conditions of their use generally sought in this field, by making it possible to obtain castings which meet strict quality criteria, in particular for aeronautical applications such as superalloy parts for aeronautical engines. An object of the invention is also to propose a method for manufacturing said molds in which the handling is simplified and the risk of scrap during preparation is reduced, while providing time savings in the preparation cycle.

Un procédé de préparation d'un moule de fonderie répondant à ces conditions comporte les étapes suivantes :

  • (a) - réalisation d'une couche de contact sur un modèle du type cire, selon une technique connue en soi ;
  • (b) - mise en place du modèle ainsi revêtu à l'étape (a) dans un moule de préparation reproduisant la forme extérieure du moule de coulée à obtenir ;
  • (c) - introduction dans la cavité ménagée entre le modèle revêtu et ledit moule d'une barbotine céramique dont la composition est telle qu'elle forme une mousse alvéolaire cohérente qui, après expansion, remplit la cavité et adhère à la surface du modèle revêtu ;
  • (d) - démoulage, après 5 à 30 minutes ;
  • (e) - décirage, éliminant le modèle ;
  • (f) - cuisson du moule de coulée conduisant à une consolidation par frittage.
A process for preparing a foundry mold meeting these conditions comprises the following steps:
  • (a) - production of a contact layer on a wax-type model, according to a technique known per se;
  • (b) - placing the model thus coated in step (a) in a preparation mold reproducing the external shape of the casting mold to be obtained;
  • (C) - introduction into the cavity formed between the coated model and said mold of a ceramic slip whose composition is such that it forms a coherent cellular foam which, after expansion, fills the cavity and adheres to the surface of the coated model ;
  • (d) - demolding, after 5 to 30 minutes;
  • (e) - dewaxing, eliminating the model;
  • (f) - baking the casting mold leading to consolidation by sintering.

Avantageusement, la barbotine céramique utilisée à l'étape (c) du procédé de préparation de moule décrit ci-dessus peut être élaborée au choix à partir de deux séries de constituants.Advantageously, the ceramic slip used in step (c) of the mold preparation process described above can be produced as desired from two series of constituents.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, ladite barbotine céramique est constituée de :

  • 30 à 40% d'un produit liant pris dans le groupe du silicate de soude et de l'acide phosphorique ;
  • 40 à 50% d'une charge céramique réfractaire composée de produits connus en soi ou leur mélange : zircon, alumine ou mullite ;
  • 5 à 10% d'un produit qui en présence d'un catalyseur (3 à 4%) réagit en provoquant un dégagement gazeux, ce produit étant choisi dans le groupe des perborates comprenant le perborate de sodium et des peroxydes comprenant l'eau oxygénée et le catalyseur étant du polyoxyméthylène ;
  • 2 à 3% de produits adjuvants comprenant des agents de cohésion ou des défloculants connus en soi.
According to a first embodiment, said ceramic slip consists of:
  • 30 to 40% of a binding product taken from the group of sodium silicate and phosphoric acid;
  • 40 to 50% of a refractory ceramic filler composed of products known per se or their mixture: zircon, alumina or mullite;
  • 5 to 10% of a product which in the presence of a catalyst (3 to 4%) reacts by causing gas evolution, this product being chosen from the group of perborates comprising sodium perborate and peroxides comprising hydrogen peroxide and the catalyst being polyoxymethylene;
  • 2 to 3% of adjuvant products comprising cohesion agents or deflocculants known per se.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, ladite barbotine céramique est obtenue à partir de :

  • 40 à 60% d'une charge céramique réfractaire composée de produits connus en soi ou leur mélange : zircon, alumine, mullite ;
  • 2 à 3% d'agents de cohésion, connus en soi ;
  • deux produits à base de silicone dans les proportions de 20 à 30% chacun dont le mélange forme une mousse cohérente par dégagement gazeux et réticulation des polymères silicones.
According to a second embodiment, said ceramic slip is obtained from:
  • 40 to 60% of a refractory ceramic filler composed of products known per se or their mixture: zircon, alumina, mullite;
  • 2 to 3% of cohesion agents, known per se;
  • two silicone-based products in proportions of 20 to 30% each, the mixture of which forms a coherent foam by gassing and crosslinking of silicone polymers.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre des exemples non limitatifs ci-après qui illustrent l'invention, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue schématique en coupe d'un montage utilisé dans le procédé de préparation d'un moule de fonderie conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 montre le montage de la figure 1 lors de de l'étape suivante dudit procédé.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows of the nonlimiting examples below which illustrate the invention, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an assembly used in the process for preparing a foundry mold according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows the assembly of Figure 1 during of the next step of said process.

EXEMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1

La réalisation d'un moule céramique de coulée de pièces en fonderie à modèle perdu comporte une première étape (a) connue en soi consistant à revêtir le modèle perdu, notamment en cire, d'une couche de contact, par exemple par immersion dans une barbotine à base de suspension de céramiques avec liants et adjuvants divers puis séchage et dépôt de grains de céramiques par saupoudrage.The production of a ceramic mold for casting foundry parts with a lost model comprises a first step (a) known per se, consisting in coating the lost model, in particular in wax, with a contact layer, for example by immersion in a slip based on ceramic suspension with various binders and additives then drying and depositing of ceramic grains by dusting.

A l'étape suivante (b), schématisée sur la figure 1, le modèle 1 ainsi revêtu est placé dans un moule 2 de préparation. Le modèle 1 est fixé sur un support 3 et le moule 2 de préparation reproduit la forme de la surface extérieure du moule de coulée à obtenir. Ce moule 2 de préparation est en un matériau adapté à cet usage, par exemple en silastène ou une autre matière plastique ou un matériau composite ou métallique.In the next step (b), shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, the model 1 thus coated is placed in a preparation mold 2. The model 1 is fixed on a support 3 and the preparation mold 2 reproduces the shape of the external surface of the casting mold to be obtained. This preparation mold 2 is made of a material suitable for this use, for example made of silastene or another plastic material or a composite or metallic material.

A l'étape suivante (c), on prépare une barbotine céramique de composition remarquable, conforme à l'invention et constituée de :

  • 30 à 40% d'un produit liant, tel que notamment du silicate de soude ou de l'acide phosphorique ;
  • 40 à 50% d'une charge céramique réfractaire composée de produits connus en soi tels que zircon, alumine ou mullite ou leurs mélanges ;
  • 5 à 10% d'un produit qui en présence d'un catalyseur (3 à 4%) réagit en provoquant un fort dégagement gazeux, ce produit étant choisi dans le groupe des perborates tel que le perborate de sodium et des peroxydes tel que l'eau oxygénée, le catalyseur étant par exemple du polyoxyméthylène ;
  • 2 à 3% de divers agents de cohésion et défloculants, connus en soi.
In the next step (c), a ceramic slip of remarkable composition is prepared, in accordance with the invention and consisting of:
  • 30 to 40% of a binding product, such as in particular sodium silicate or phosphoric acid;
  • 40 to 50% of a refractory ceramic filler composed of products known per se such as zircon, alumina or mullite or their mixtures;
  • 5 to 10% of a product which in the presence of a catalyst (3 to 4%) reacts by causing a strong gassing, this product being chosen from the group of perborates such as sodium perborate and peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, the catalyst being for example polyoxymethylene;
  • 2 to 3% of various cohesion agents and deflocculants, known per se.

Ces différents produits étant mélangés, la barbotine obtenue est introduite dans la cavité 4 ménagée entre le modèle revêtu 1 et le moule 2 de préparation soit par injection, soit par remplissage en la versant. La réaction de dégagement gazeux produit une expansion de la mousse autour du modèle 1 tel que représenté en 5 sur la figure 2. Cette réaction s'accompagne d'un effet exothermique qui provoque la prise rapide en gel du liant et fige ainsi la structure alvéolaire obtenue qui remplit la cavité 4 et adhère sur la couche de contact revêtant le modèle 1. Un dosage précis des divers composants de la réaction permet de contrôler l'expansion de la mousse.These different products being mixed, the slip obtained is introduced into the cavity 4 formed between the coated model 1 and the preparation mold 2 either by injection or by filling by pouring it. The gas evolution reaction produces an expansion of the foam around the model 1 as shown at 5 in FIG. 2. This reaction is accompanied by an exothermic effect which causes the gel to set rapidly in gel and thus freezes the alveolar structure. obtained which fills the cavity 4 and adheres to the contact layer covering the model 1. A precise dosage of the various components of the reaction makes it possible to control the expansion of the foam.

Au bout de 5 à 15 minutes, à l'étape suivant (d) du procédé, on démoule la carapace céramique crue et durcie qui va constituer le moule de coulée.After 5 to 15 minutes, in the next step (d) of the process, the raw and hardened ceramic shell is demoulded which will constitute the casting mold.

Les étapes suivantes (e) et (f) du procédé sont faites de manière classique et consistent en décirage et cuisson du moule conduisant à une consolidation par frittage. On notera cepandant que ces opérations sont simplifiées car aucun emballage préalable n'est exigé.The following steps (e) and (f) of the process are carried out in a conventional manner and consist of dewaxing and baking of the mold leading to consolidation by sintering. Note, however, that these operations are simplified because no prior packaging is required.

Les moules de coulée obtenus ont donné entière satisfaction dans leurs applications en fonderie de précision. La structure alvéolaire remarquable et conforme à l'invention du moule de coulée permet notamment de contrôler la réfractarité de la carapace et ses échanges thermiques avec l'extérieur. Par ailleurs, dans les étapes de sa réalisation, le moule de coulée ne présente pas de fragilité et conserve des propriétés intéressantes de résistance et de stabilité.The casting molds obtained were entirely satisfactory in their applications in precision foundry. The remarkable honeycomb structure in accordance with the invention of the casting mold makes it possible in particular to control the refractoriness of the shell and its exchanges thermal with the outside. Furthermore, in the stages of its production, the casting mold does not exhibit any brittleness and retains advantageous properties of resistance and stability.

EXEMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2

Un autre exemple de réalisation peut être donné conservant les étapes du procédé de préparation d'un moule de coulée qui ont été décrites dans l'exemple 1. Les seules modifications sont apportées à l'étape (c) dudit procédé. On utilise ici deux produits à base de silicone dont le mélange forme une mousse cohérente par dégagement gazeux et réticulation des polymères siliconés.Another exemplary embodiment can be given retaining the steps of the process for preparing a casting mold which have been described in Example 1. The only modifications are made to step (c) of said process. Two silicone-based products are used here, the mixture of which forms a coherent foam by gassing and crosslinking of the silicone polymers.

La barbotine céramique est constituée dans ce cas à partir d'un mélange initial composé de :

  • 20 à 30% d'un des produits à base de silicone ;
  • 40 à 60% d'une charge céramique réfractaire de produits connus en soi tels que zircon, alumine, mullite ou leurs mélanges,
  • 2 à 3% de produits adjuvants du type agents de cohésion, connus en soi.
In this case, the ceramic slip is made from an initial mixture composed of:
  • 20 to 30% of one of the silicone products;
  • 40 to 60% of a refractory ceramic filler of products known per se such as zircon, alumina, mullite or their mixtures,
  • 2 to 3% of adjuvant products of the cohesion agent type, known per se.

On incorpore ensuite dans ce mélange le deuxième produit à base de silicone dans les mêmes proportions, de 20 à 30% que le premier. La barbotine obtenue est alors introduite, comme précédemment dans l'exemple 1, dans la cavité 4 ménagée entre le modèle revêtu 1 et le moule 2 de préparation, soit par injection, soit par remplissage en la versant. La mousse se forme au bout de quelques minutes ; elle s'expanse autour du modèle 1 en adhérant sur la couche de contact. Au bout de 15 à 30 minutes, on démoule la carapace et on effectue le décirage et la cuisson du moule de coulée, à une température d'au moins 1000°C. Comme précédemment, aucun emballage préalable de la carapace n'est nécessaire. Durant le traitement thermique de cuisson du moule de coulée, les composés à base de silicone du moule se transforment en silice, matière céramique réfractaire tandis que la structure alvéolaire est conservée.The second silicone-based product is then incorporated into this mixture in the same proportions, from 20 to 30% as the first. The slip obtained is then introduced, as previously in Example 1, into the cavity 4 formed between the coated model 1 and the preparation mold 2, either by injection or by filling by pouring it. The foam forms after a few minutes; it expands around model 1 by adhering on the contact layer. After 15 to 30 minutes, the shell is removed from the mold and the mold is dewaxed and baked, at a temperature of at least 1000 ° C. As before, no prior packaging of the shell is necessary. During the baking heat treatment of the casting mold, the silicone-based compounds in the mold are transformed into silica, a refractory ceramic material while the honeycomb structure is preserved.

Ce choix alternatif des produits permettant d'obtenir un moule de coulée à base de mousse céramique à structure alvéolaire procure les mêmes avantages et la même qualité des résultats que dans l'exemple 1 :

  • non fragilité du moule et facilités de manipulations à l'état cru,
  • contrôle de la réfractarité et des échanges thermiques avec l'extérieur,
  • stabilité du moule.
This alternative choice of products making it possible to obtain a casting mold based on ceramic foam with cellular structure provides the same advantages and the same quality of results as in Example 1:
  • non-brittleness of the mold and ease of handling in the raw state,
  • control of refractoriness and heat exchanges with the outside,
  • mold stability.

Claims (6)

  1. A process for the preparation of a ceramic casting mould, particularly by lost pattern type casting, comprising the following steps:
    (a) provision of a contact layer on a wax pattern by a technique known per se;
    (b) placing the pattern thus covered in step (a) in a preparation mould reproducing the outer shape of the casting mould to be obtained:
    (c) introducing into the cavity between the covered pattern and the mould a ceramic slip whose composition is such that it forms a coherent alveolar foam which after expansion fills the cavity and sticks to the surface of the covered pattern;
    (d) release from the mould after 5 to 30 minutes:
    (e) dewaxing eliminating the pattern, and
    (f) firing the casting mould leading to consolidation by sintering.
  2. A ceramic slip used in step (c) of the process according to claim 1, characterised in that it consists of:
    30 to 40% of a bonding product from the group containing sodium silicate and phosphoric acid;
    40 to 50% of a refractory ceramic charge consisting of the following products or a mixture thereof: zircon, alumina or mullite;
    5 to 10% of a product which in the presence of a catalyst (3 to 4%) reacts by producing an evolution of gas, the product being chosen from the group of the perborates comprising sodium perborate and of the peroxides comprising hydrogen peroxide, the catalyst being polyoxymethylene and
    2 to 3% of adjuvant products comprising cohering agents or deflocculants known per se,
  3. A ceramic slip used in step (c) of the process according to claim 1, characterised in that it consists of:
    40 to 60% of a refractory ceramic charge consisting of the following products or a mixture thereof: zircon, alumina, mullite;
    2 to 3% of cohering agents known per se, and
    two silicone-based products each in a proportion of 20 to 30% whose mixture forms a coherent foam by the evolution of gas and cross-linking of the siliconized polymers.
  4. A process for the preparation of a ceramic casting mould by lost pattern casting according to claim 1 wherein in step (c) the ceramic slip is introduced into the cavity by injection.
  5. A process for the preparation of a ceramic casting mould by lost pattern casting according to claim 1 wherein in step (c) the ceramic slip is poured into the cavity until the same is filled.
  6. A ceramic casting mould obtained by the process according to claim 1, characterised in that it has a uniform alveolar structure after firing and in the ready-to-use state..
EP91402417A 1990-09-12 1991-09-11 Process for manufacture of a foundry mould by use of foam material and ceramique binder Expired - Lifetime EP0478413B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9011256A FR2666528B1 (en) 1990-09-12 1990-09-12 PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A FOUNDRY MOLD FROM FOAM AND CERAMIC BARBOTINES USED.
FR9011256 1990-09-12

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EP0478413A1 EP0478413A1 (en) 1992-04-01
EP0478413B1 true EP0478413B1 (en) 1995-12-13

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US (1) US6120713A (en)
EP (1) EP0478413B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3133407B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69115416T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2666528B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN1295042C (en) * 2003-11-19 2007-01-17 章浩龙 Aluminum modified alkaline silicasol

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JP2002334653A (en) * 2001-02-09 2002-11-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Manufacturing method of light emitting tube, and core used for the same
US11813665B2 (en) * 2020-09-14 2023-11-14 General Electric Company Methods for casting a component having a readily removable casting core

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DE19936517C1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2001-01-25 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Production of a workpiece from a thermally sensitive ceramic slip involves forming a model of the workpiece from a material soluble in a solvent, surrounding with wax; dissolving in a solvent, melting the wax, and drying and sintering
CN1295042C (en) * 2003-11-19 2007-01-17 章浩龙 Aluminum modified alkaline silicasol

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JP3133407B2 (en) 2001-02-05
JPH04305334A (en) 1992-10-28
US6120713A (en) 2000-09-19
DE69115416D1 (en) 1996-01-25
FR2666528A1 (en) 1992-03-13
DE69115416T2 (en) 1996-05-02
FR2666528B1 (en) 1993-07-02
EP0478413A1 (en) 1992-04-01

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