EP0465796B1 - Axial piston machine of the slant axis type - Google Patents

Axial piston machine of the slant axis type Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0465796B1
EP0465796B1 EP91107709A EP91107709A EP0465796B1 EP 0465796 B1 EP0465796 B1 EP 0465796B1 EP 91107709 A EP91107709 A EP 91107709A EP 91107709 A EP91107709 A EP 91107709A EP 0465796 B1 EP0465796 B1 EP 0465796B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axial piston
piston machine
control member
machine according
inclined plane
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91107709A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0465796A1 (en
Inventor
Edmund Bernhard
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Brueninghaus Hydraulik GmbH
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Brueninghaus Hydraulik GmbH
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Publication of EP0465796A1 publication Critical patent/EP0465796A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/26Control
    • F04B1/30Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks
    • F04B1/32Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B1/328Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block by changing the inclination of the axis of the cylinder barrel relative to the swash plate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axial piston machine with an inclined axis design according to the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the pivoting position of the cylinder drum is detected directly on the component immediately adjacent to it, namely the control body, on which it is mounted via a center pin or self-centering with the aid of a spherical control surface. All play except the relevant radial play between the cylinder drum and the center pin or control mirror is switched off. Any inaccuracies that may still occur due to this radial play are negligibly small, so that a further reduction in the inaccuracy by means of a scanning device that engages directly on the cylinder drum is not necessary and would also have to be bought with a design effort that exceeds the very simple construction of the scanning device according to the invention.
  • the inclined surface arrangement flat or with a curved course.
  • it can consist of a single inclined surface or, as in the case of an axial piston machine with two flow directions, can be composed of two inclined surfaces, each of which has an opposite inclination, each assigned to one of the directions of rotation.
  • either the cylindrical bottom surface of the control body assigned to the support surface of the support and swivel bearing or at least one of the flat side surfaces of the control body assigned to the guide surfaces of the support and swivel bearing can be selected.
  • the side surface that is pressed against one of the two guide surfaces during operation of an appropriately designed axial piston machine with only one flow direction can be selected.
  • an axial piston machine with two Current directions can be sufficient, taking into account the bearing play between the side surfaces of the control body and the guide surfaces of the support and pivot bearing.
  • an inclined surface arrangement with an associated measuring sensor can also be formed on each side surface of the control body.
  • the inclined surface arrangement is preferably partially or completely formed on a shoulder of the control body.
  • an inclined surface arrangement can be chosen that runs along a circular arc in the projection, the radius of which is essentially equal to that of the cylindrical support surface.
  • the senor is designed as a sensor pin which is axially guided in a through hole in the housing.
  • the sensor pin can be held in contact with the inclined surface arrangement by a spring.
  • the guide pin is inclined at an angle of substantially 90 ° plus the angle of inclination of the inclined surface arrangement on the same.
  • the senor is designed as an inductive displacement sensor.
  • the axial piston machine is designed in an inclined-axis design and comprises, in a known manner, a housing 1 with a lower end plate 2, a drive shaft 4 rotatably mounted in the upper housing area via a ball bearing 3, a drive pulley 5 connected to it in one piece, and a cylinder drum 6 which can be pivoted relative to the latter ,
  • a distributor or control body 7, which is pivotally supported in a support and pivot bearing formed in the end plate 2, an actuating device for pivoting the control body 7 and a scanning device for directly detecting the respective pivot position of the cylinder drum 6.
  • the latter is on the control body 7 in known rotatably mounted.
  • both the lower end face 8 of the cylinder drum 6 and the (upper) control surface 9 of the control body 7 are spherical with a concave or convex shape.
  • axially extending and evenly distributed over the circumference cylindrical spaces 10 are formed, which open out via cylinder channels 11 on the lower end face 8 of the cylinder drum 6.
  • Pistons 12, which are displaceably guided in the cylinder chambers 10, are connected to the drive pulley 5 by means of piston rods 13 such that they can be rotatably driven via ball joints 14 mounted in the latter.
  • a compression spring 16 is seated, which is supported against a center pin 18, which is supported by a ball 17 in the drive pulley 5 and projects into the blind bore 15, and in this way the cylinder drum 6 when no oil pressure forces occur Holds on the control body 7. From the blind bore 15 an oil channel 19 opens out in the lower end face 8 of the cylinder drum 6.
  • two opposing control kidneys 20 are formed in a known manner, which are connected to a pressure port and a suction port (both not shown) of the axial piston machine.
  • the support and pivot bearing comprises two flat and parallel guide surfaces 21 and a limited by them, with a concave cylindrical support surface 22.
  • the guide surfaces 21 and the support surface 22 are flat and parallel side surfaces 23 or a convex cylindrical bottom surface 24 assigned to the control body 7.
  • the actuating device comprises an actuating rod 25 which is slidably mounted in a bore 26 in the end plate 2 which extends in the direction of curvature of the support surface 21 and the bottom surface 24.
  • the adjustment rod 25 is displaced by an adjustment mechanism outside the axial piston machine.
  • An adjusting pin 28 engaging from below in a bore 27 in the control body 7 is coupled to the adjusting rod 25.
  • Such an actuator is described for example in DE-PS 23 13 575.
  • the drive shaft 4 When operating the axial piston machine as a pump, the drive shaft 4 is driven so that it is rotated via the drive disk 5, the piston rods 13 and the piston 12, the cylinder drum 6. If by pressing the Adjustment mechanism via the adjusting device 25, 28 of the control body 7 has been pivoted with the entrainment of the cylinder drum 6 in such a way that the latter assumes an inclined position relative to the drive pulley 5, so all the pistons mounted in the cylinder drum 6 carry out 12 stroke movements; upon rotation of the cylinder drum 6 through 360 °, each piston 12 passes through a suction and a compression stroke, with corresponding partial oil flows being generated, the supply and discharge of which take place via the cylinder channels 11, the control kidneys 20 and the pressure and suction ports.
  • the reverse process occurs when the axial piston machine is operated as a motor.
  • the pressure oil flow conveyed into the cylinder spaces 10 of the cylinder drum 6 by, for example, a hydraulic pump via the pressure port and the associated control kidney 20 moves the pistons 12, the resulting piston force transmitting a torque to the drive pulley 5 and thus to the drive shaft 4.
  • the scanning device comprises an inclined surface 31 formed on a side surface 23 of the control body 7 and an extension 30 of the same (see FIG. 2) and a sensor 32 in the form of a sensor pin which penetrates a through hole 33 in the end plate 2 which runs perpendicular to the guide surfaces 21 and is held in constant contact with the inclined surface 31 by means of a spring 34 (only shown in FIG. 4) with its sensor tip 35.
  • the latter has a constant angle of inclination ⁇ and a length corresponding to the swivel range. It runs in the direction of the extension 30 with increasing distance from the associated guide surface 21.
  • the inclined surface 31 runs in the projection as a relatively narrow band along a circular arc, the radius of which is equal to that of the cylindrical support surface 22 and Bottom surface 24 is.
  • a T-shaped pipe section 36 is provided, which is screwed into the through hole 33 with an end piece 37 and is secured by means of a lock nut 38.
  • the spring 34 is supported on the end piece 37 and acts on a collar 39 of the sensor pin 32 with a larger diameter.
  • the sensor pin 32 projects with its end section opposite the sensor tip 35 into the longitudinal anchor (not shown) located in the tube piece 36.
  • the required line connections are discharged to the outside through the lateral branch 36a of the pipe section 36.
  • the arrangement and position of the inclined surface 31 and the sensor 32 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can also be used for axial piston machines with two current directions, ie the control body 7 can together with the cylinder drum 6 in opposite directions from a negative angular range over the angle 0 can be pivoted into a positive angular range and back.
  • Occurrence during operation in accordance with the design of the spherical surfaces 8, 9 on the cylinder drum 6 and on the control body 7 force components, the latter depending on the direction of the current against one or the other guide surface 21, as shown in FIG DE-PS 23 13 575, there is always a clearly determined position of the control body 7 relative to the guide surfaces 21, which position differs only by the lateral bearing play.
  • the corresponding swiveling positions of the control body 7 are in the positive and negative angular range resultant positions of the sensor pin 32 within the through hole 33 only by the lateral bearing clearance mentioned, only a scanning device is required for the exact determination of the displacement volume of the axial piston machine. It does not matter which side of the support and swivel bearing the scanning device is assigned to.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Axialkolbenmaschine in Schrägachsen-Bauweise nach den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an axial piston machine with an inclined axis design according to the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

Bei derartigen Axialkolbenmaschinen, wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 23 13 575 bekannt sind, ist es vornehmlich für die Steuerung und Regelung ihres Verdängungsvolumens erforderlich, den jeweiligen Schwenkwinkel der Zylindertrommel gegenüber der Triebscheibe und damit den das Verdrängungsvolumen bestimmenden Kolbenhub zu ermitteln. Zu diesem Zweck wird üblicherweise der Stellweg bzw. die jeweilige Einstellung des Stellgliedes zum Verschwenken des Steuerkörpers und damit der Zylindertrommel erfaßt, beispielsweise mittels Wegmeßfedern oder, wie in der DE-OS 19 43 356 beschrieben, mit Hilfe einer am Stellglied ausgebildeten, schräg verlaufenden Kulisse und eines an dieser angreifenden Übertragungsstiftes. Ein Nachteil dieser mittelbaren Erfassung besteht darin, daß sich das axiale und das radiale Lagerspiel des Stellgliedes sowie sämtlicher beweglicher, die Verbindung zum Steuerkörper herstellender Verbindungselemente summiert. Das resultierende Gesamtspiel beeinträchtigt in unerwünschter Weise die Genauigkeit der Steuerung bzw. Regelung des Verdrängungsvolumens der Axialkolbenmaschine.In such axial piston machines, as are known for example from DE-PS 23 13 575, it is primarily necessary for the control and regulation of their displacement volume to determine the respective pivot angle of the cylinder drum relative to the drive pulley and thus the piston stroke determining the displacement volume. For this purpose, the adjustment path or the respective setting of the actuator for pivoting the control body and thus the cylinder drum is usually detected, for example by means of measuring springs or, as described in DE-OS 19 43 356, with the aid of a sloping link formed on the actuator and a transmission pin attacking it. A disadvantage of this indirect detection is that the axial and radial bearing play of the actuator as well as all movable connecting elements that produce the connection to the control body add up. The resulting total play undesirably affects the accuracy of the control or regulation of the displacement volume of the axial piston machine.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Axialkolbenmaschine der eingangs genannten Art mit einer Abtasteinrichtung auszurüsten, die bei einfacher Konstruktion eine sehr genaue Ermittlung der Schwenkstellung der Zylindertrommel erlaubt.It is an object of the invention to equip an axial piston machine of the type mentioned at the outset with a scanning device which, with a simple construction, allows the pivoting position of the cylinder drum to be determined very precisely.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Abtasteinrichtung erfolgt die Erfassung der Schwenkstellung der Zylindertrommel direkt an dem ihr unmittelbar benachbarten Bauteil, nämlich dem Steuerkörper, auf dem sie über einen Mittelzapfen oder selbstzentrierend mit Hilfe einer sphärischen Steuerfläche gelagert ist. Sämtliches Spiel außer dem relevanten radialen Spiel zwischen Zylindertrommel und Mittelzapfen bzw. Steuerspiegel ist ausgeschaltet. Eventuell noch auftretende Erfassungsungenauigkeiten durch dieses radiale Spiel sind vernachlässigbar klein, so daß eine weitere Reduzierung der Erfassungsungenauigkeit mittels einer direkt an der Zylindertrommel angreifenden Abtasteinrichtung nicht erforderlich ist und zudem mit einem die sehr einfache Konstruktion der erfindungsgemäßen Abtasteinrichtung übersteigenden konstruktiven Aufwand erkauft werden müßte.With the scanning device according to the invention, the pivoting position of the cylinder drum is detected directly on the component immediately adjacent to it, namely the control body, on which it is mounted via a center pin or self-centering with the aid of a spherical control surface. All play except the relevant radial play between the cylinder drum and the center pin or control mirror is switched off. Any inaccuracies that may still occur due to this radial play are negligibly small, so that a further reduction in the inaccuracy by means of a scanning device that engages directly on the cylinder drum is not necessary and would also have to be bought with a design effort that exceeds the very simple construction of the scanning device according to the invention.

Es ist denkbar, die Schrägflächenanordnung ebenflächig oder mit einem gekrümmten Verlauf auszubilden. Sie kann, beispielsweise im Fall einer Axialkolbenmaschine mit einer Stromrichtung, aus einer einzigen Schrägfläche bestehen oder, wie etwa im Fall einer Axialkolbenmaschine mit zwei Stromrichtungen, aus zwei Schrägflächen zusammengesetzt sein, die jeweils eine entgegengesetzt verlaufende, je einer der Drehrichtungen zugeordnete Neigung aufweisen.It is conceivable to form the inclined surface arrangement flat or with a curved course. In the case of an axial piston machine with one flow direction, for example, it can consist of a single inclined surface or, as in the case of an axial piston machine with two flow directions, can be composed of two inclined surfaces, each of which has an opposite inclination, each assigned to one of the directions of rotation.

Als Begrenzungsfläche, an der die Schrägflächenanordnung ausgebildet ist, kann entweder die der Stützfläche des Stütz- und Schwenklagers zugeordneten zylindrischen Bodenfläche des Steuerkörpers oder wenigstens eine der den Führungsflächen des Stütz- und Schwenklagers zugeordneten ebenen Seitenflächen des Steuerkörpers gewählt werden. Dabei kann diejenige Seitenfläche gewählt werden, die bei Betrieb einer entsprechend ausgebildeten und nur eine Stromrichtung aufweisenden Axialkolbenmaschine an eine der beiden Führungsflächen angepreßt wird. Bei einer Axialkolbenmaschine mit zwei Stromrichtungen kann bei Berücksichtigung des Lagerspiels zwischen den Seitenflächen des Steuerkörpers und den Führungsflächen des Stütz- und Schwenklagers eine Abtasteinrichtung genügen. Es können aber auch an jeder Seitenfläche des Steuerkörpers eine Schrägflächenanordnung mit zugeordnetem Meßfühler ausgebildet sein. Vorzugsweise ist die Schrägflächenanordnug teilweise oder vollständig an einem Ansatz des Steuerkörpers ausgebildet. Auf diese Weise wird eine übermäßige Verkleinerung der betreffenden Seitenfläche des Steuerkörpers durch die Schrägflächenanordnung und damit eine Beeinträchtigung der Führung des Steuerkörpers im Stütz- und Schwenklager vermieden. Zum gleichen Zweck kann eine Schrägflächenanordnung gewählt werden, die in der Projektion entlang einem Kreisbogen verläuft, dessen Radius im wesentlichen gleich demjenigen der zylindrischen Stützfläche ist.As the boundary surface on which the inclined surface arrangement is formed, either the cylindrical bottom surface of the control body assigned to the support surface of the support and swivel bearing or at least one of the flat side surfaces of the control body assigned to the guide surfaces of the support and swivel bearing can be selected. The side surface that is pressed against one of the two guide surfaces during operation of an appropriately designed axial piston machine with only one flow direction can be selected. In an axial piston machine with two Current directions can be sufficient, taking into account the bearing play between the side surfaces of the control body and the guide surfaces of the support and pivot bearing. However, an inclined surface arrangement with an associated measuring sensor can also be formed on each side surface of the control body. The inclined surface arrangement is preferably partially or completely formed on a shoulder of the control body. In this way, an excessive reduction of the relevant side surface of the control body by the inclined surface arrangement and thus an impairment of the guidance of the control body in the support and pivot bearing is avoided. For the same purpose, an inclined surface arrangement can be chosen that runs along a circular arc in the projection, the radius of which is essentially equal to that of the cylindrical support surface.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Meßfühler als ein in einer Durchgangsbohrung im Gehäuse axial geführter Fühlerstift ausgebildet. Der Fühlerstift kann durch eine Feder in Anlage an die Schrägflächenanordnung gehalten sein.According to a development of the invention, the sensor is designed as a sensor pin which is axially guided in a through hole in the housing. The sensor pin can be held in contact with the inclined surface arrangement by a spring.

Vorteilhafterweise steht der Führungsstift schräg unter einem Winkel von im wesentlichen 90° plus dem Neigungswinkel der Schrägflächenanordnung auf derselben.Advantageously, the guide pin is inclined at an angle of substantially 90 ° plus the angle of inclination of the inclined surface arrangement on the same.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Meßfühler als induktiver Wegaufnehmer ausgebildet.According to a development of the invention, the sensor is designed as an inductive displacement sensor.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbenmaschine im Axialschnitt entlang der Linie I-I in Fig. 2,
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht der Abschlußplatte der Axialkolbenmaschine nach Fig. 1 mit Teilschnitt im Bereich der erfindungsgemäßen Abtasteinrichtung,
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht der Abschlußplatte mit Steuerkörper nach Fig. 1 mit Teilschnitt entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2, und
Fig. 4
einen Meßfühler der Abtasteinrichtung nach den Fig. 2 und 3 in einer Ausführungsform als induktiver Wegaufnehmer.
The invention is described in more detail below on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1
an axial piston machine according to the invention in axial section along the line II in Fig. 2,
Fig. 2
2 shows a plan view of the end plate of the axial piston machine according to FIG. 1 with a partial section in the region of the scanning device according to the invention,
Fig. 3
a side view of the end plate with the control body according to FIG. 1 with a partial section along the line III-III in Fig. 2, and
Fig. 4
a sensor of the scanning device according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in one embodiment as an inductive displacement sensor.

Die erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbenmaschine ist in Schrägachsen-Bauweise ausgeführt und umfaßt in bekannter Weise ein Gehäuse 1 mit einer unteren Abschlußplatte 2, eine im oberen Gehäusebereich über ein Kugellager 3 drehbar gelagerte Triebwelle 4, eine mit dieser einteilig verbundene Triebscheibe 5, eine dieser gegenüber schwenkbare Zylindertrommel 6, einen Verteiler oder Steuerkörper 7, der in einem in der Abschlußplatte 2 ausgebildeten Stütz- und Schwenklager schwenkbar abgestützt ist, eine Stelleinrichtung zum Verschwenken des Steuerkörpers 7 sowie eine Abtasteinrichtung zum unmittelbaren Erfassen der jeweiligen Schwenkstellung der Zylindertrommel 6. Letztere ist auf dem Steuerkörper 7 in bekannter Weise drehbar gelagert. Diese Lagerung ist selbstzentrierend; zu diesem Zweck sind sowohl die untere Stirnfläche 8 der Zylindertrommel 6 als auch die (obere) Steuerfläche 9 des Steuerkörpers 7 mit konkavem bzw. konvexem Verlauf sphärisch ausgebildet. In der Zylindertrommel 6 sind in bekannter Weise axial verlaufende und gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilte Zylinderräume 10 ausgebildet, die über Zylinderkanäle 11 an der unteren Stirnfläche 8 der Zylindertrommel 6 ausmünden. In den Zylinderräumen 10 verschiebbar geführte Kolben 12 sind über Kolbenstangen 13 mit der Triebscheibe 5 über in derselben gelagerte Kugelgelenke 14 drehmitnehmbar verbunden.The axial piston machine according to the invention is designed in an inclined-axis design and comprises, in a known manner, a housing 1 with a lower end plate 2, a drive shaft 4 rotatably mounted in the upper housing area via a ball bearing 3, a drive pulley 5 connected to it in one piece, and a cylinder drum 6 which can be pivoted relative to the latter , A distributor or control body 7, which is pivotally supported in a support and pivot bearing formed in the end plate 2, an actuating device for pivoting the control body 7 and a scanning device for directly detecting the respective pivot position of the cylinder drum 6. The latter is on the control body 7 in known rotatably mounted. This bearing is self-centering; For this purpose, both the lower end face 8 of the cylinder drum 6 and the (upper) control surface 9 of the control body 7 are spherical with a concave or convex shape. In the cylinder drum 6 axially extending and evenly distributed over the circumference cylindrical spaces 10 are formed, which open out via cylinder channels 11 on the lower end face 8 of the cylinder drum 6. Pistons 12, which are displaceably guided in the cylinder chambers 10, are connected to the drive pulley 5 by means of piston rods 13 such that they can be rotatably driven via ball joints 14 mounted in the latter.

In einer zentralen Sackbohrung 15 in der Zylindertrommel 6 sitzt eine Druckfeder 16, die sich gegen einen über eine Kugel 17 in der Triebscheibe 5 gelagerten, in die Sackbohrung 15 hineinragenden Mittelzapfen 18 abstützt und auf diese Weise die Zylindertrommel 6, wenn keine Öldruckkräfte auftreten, in Anlage an den Steuerkörper 7 hält. Von der Sackbohrung 15 geht ein in der unteren Stirnfläche 8 der Zylindertrommel 6 ausmündender Ölkanal 19 aus.In a central blind bore 15 in the cylinder drum 6, a compression spring 16 is seated, which is supported against a center pin 18, which is supported by a ball 17 in the drive pulley 5 and projects into the blind bore 15, and in this way the cylinder drum 6 when no oil pressure forces occur Holds on the control body 7. From the blind bore 15 an oil channel 19 opens out in the lower end face 8 of the cylinder drum 6.

Im Steuerkörper 7 sind in bekannter Weise zwei einander gegenüberliegende Steuernieren 20 ausgebildet, die mit einem Druckstutzen und einem Saugstutzen (beide nicht gezeigt) der Axialkolbenmaschine verbunden sind.In the control body 7, two opposing control kidneys 20 are formed in a known manner, which are connected to a pressure port and a suction port (both not shown) of the axial piston machine.

Das Stütz- und Schwenklager umfaßt zwei ebene und parallel zueinander angeordnete Führungsflächen 21 und eine von diesen begrenzte, mit konkavem Verlauf zylindrische Stützfläche 22. Den Führungsflächen 21 und der Stützfläche 22 sind ebene und parallel zueinander angeordnete Seitenflächen 23 bzw. eine mit konvexem Verlauf zylindrische Bodenfläche 24 des Steuerkörpers 7 zugeordnet.The support and pivot bearing comprises two flat and parallel guide surfaces 21 and a limited by them, with a concave cylindrical support surface 22. The guide surfaces 21 and the support surface 22 are flat and parallel side surfaces 23 or a convex cylindrical bottom surface 24 assigned to the control body 7.

Die Stelleinrichtung umfaßt eine Stellstange 25, die in einer in Krümmungsrichtung der Stützfläche 21 und der Bodenfläche 24 verlaufenden Bohrung 26 in der Abschlußplatte 2 verschiebbar gelagert ist. Die Verschiebung der Stellstange 25 erfolgt durch einen Verstellmechanismus außerhalb der Axialkolbenmaschine. Ein von unten in eine Bohrung 27 im Steuerkörper 7 eingreifender Stellzapfen 28 ist mit der Stellstange 25 gekoppelt. Eine derartige Stelleinrichtung ist beispielsweise in der DE-PS 23 13 575 beschrieben.The actuating device comprises an actuating rod 25 which is slidably mounted in a bore 26 in the end plate 2 which extends in the direction of curvature of the support surface 21 and the bottom surface 24. The adjustment rod 25 is displaced by an adjustment mechanism outside the axial piston machine. An adjusting pin 28 engaging from below in a bore 27 in the control body 7 is coupled to the adjusting rod 25. Such an actuator is described for example in DE-PS 23 13 575.

Beim Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine als Pumpe wird die Triebwelle 4 angetrieben, so daß sie über die Triebscheibe 5, die Kolbenstangen 13 und die Kolben 12 die Zylindertrommel 6 in Drehung versetzt wird. Wenn durch Betätigung des Verstellmechanismus über die Stelleinrichtung 25,28 der Steuerkörper 7 unter Mitnahme der Zylindertrommel 6 derart verschwenkt worden ist, daß letzterer eine Schrägstellung gegenüber der Triebscheibe 5 einnimmt, so vollführen alle in der Zylindertrommel 6 gelagerten Kolben 12 Hubbewegungen; bei Drehung der Zylindertrommel 6 um 360° durchläuft jeder Kolben 12 einen Saug- und einen Kompressionshub, wobei entsprechende Teilölströme erzeugt werden, deren Zu- und Abführung über die Zylinderkanäle 11, die Steuernieren 20 und den Druck- und Saugstutzen erfolgen.When operating the axial piston machine as a pump, the drive shaft 4 is driven so that it is rotated via the drive disk 5, the piston rods 13 and the piston 12, the cylinder drum 6. If by pressing the Adjustment mechanism via the adjusting device 25, 28 of the control body 7 has been pivoted with the entrainment of the cylinder drum 6 in such a way that the latter assumes an inclined position relative to the drive pulley 5, so all the pistons mounted in the cylinder drum 6 carry out 12 stroke movements; upon rotation of the cylinder drum 6 through 360 °, each piston 12 passes through a suction and a compression stroke, with corresponding partial oil flows being generated, the supply and discharge of which take place via the cylinder channels 11, the control kidneys 20 and the pressure and suction ports.

Beim Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine als Motor ergibt sich der umgekehrte Vorgang. Der von beispielsweise einer Hydropumpe über den Druckstutzen und die zugeordnete Steuerniere 20 in die Zylinderräume 10 der Zylindertrommel 6 beförderte Druckölstrom bewegt die Kolben 12, wobei die entstehende Kolbenkraft ein Drehmoment auf die Triebscheibe 5 und damit auf die Triebwelle 4 überträgt.The reverse process occurs when the axial piston machine is operated as a motor. The pressure oil flow conveyed into the cylinder spaces 10 of the cylinder drum 6 by, for example, a hydraulic pump via the pressure port and the associated control kidney 20 moves the pistons 12, the resulting piston force transmitting a torque to the drive pulley 5 and thus to the drive shaft 4.

Die Abtasteinrichtung umfaßt eine an einer Seitenfläche 23 des Steuerkörpers 7 und einem Ansatz 30 desselben (s. Fig. 2) ausgebildete Schrägfläche 31 und einen Meßfühler 32 in Form eines Fühlerstiftes, der eine senkrecht zu den Führungsflächen 21 verlaufende Durchgangsbohrung 33 in der Abschlußplatte 2 durchsetzt und mittels einer Feder 34 (nur in Fig. 4 dargestellt) mit seiner Fühlerspitze 35 in ständiger Anlage an die Schrägfläche 31 gehalten ist. Letztere weist einen konstanten Neigungswinkel α sowie eine dem Schwenkbereich entsprechende Länge auf. Sie verläuft in Richtung des Ansatzes 30 mit zunehmendem Abstand von der zugeordneten Führungsfläche 21. Wie in Fig. 3 deutlich zu erkennen ist, verläuft die Schrägfläche 31 in der Projektion als relativ schmales Band entlang einem Kreisbogen, dessen Radius gleich demjenigen der zylindrischen Stützfläche 22 und Bodenfläche 24 ist.The scanning device comprises an inclined surface 31 formed on a side surface 23 of the control body 7 and an extension 30 of the same (see FIG. 2) and a sensor 32 in the form of a sensor pin which penetrates a through hole 33 in the end plate 2 which runs perpendicular to the guide surfaces 21 and is held in constant contact with the inclined surface 31 by means of a spring 34 (only shown in FIG. 4) with its sensor tip 35. The latter has a constant angle of inclination α and a length corresponding to the swivel range. It runs in the direction of the extension 30 with increasing distance from the associated guide surface 21. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 3, the inclined surface 31 runs in the projection as a relatively narrow band along a circular arc, the radius of which is equal to that of the cylindrical support surface 22 and Bottom surface 24 is.

Der Meßfühler gemäß Fig. 4 ist in bekannter Weise als induktiver Wegaufnehmer mit Längsanker ausgebildet. Zu diesem Zweck ist ein T-förmiges Rohrstück 36 vorgesehen, das mit einem Endstück 37 in die Durchgangsbohrung 33 hineingeschraubt und mittels einer Kontermutter 38 gesichert ist. Die Feder 34 stützt sich am Endstück 37 ab und beaufschlagt einen Bund 39 des Fühlerstiftes 32 mit größerem Durchmesser. Der Fühlerstift 32 ragt mit seinem der Fühlerspitze 35 gegenüberliegenden Endabschnitt in den im Rohrstück 36 befindlichen Längsanker (nicht gezeigt) hinein. Die erforderlichen Leitungsverbindungen sind durch die seitliche Abzweigung 36a des Rohrstücks 36 nach außen abgeführt.4 is designed in a known manner as an inductive displacement sensor with a longitudinal armature. For this purpose, a T-shaped pipe section 36 is provided, which is screwed into the through hole 33 with an end piece 37 and is secured by means of a lock nut 38. The spring 34 is supported on the end piece 37 and acts on a collar 39 of the sensor pin 32 with a larger diameter. The sensor pin 32 projects with its end section opposite the sensor tip 35 into the longitudinal anchor (not shown) located in the tube piece 36. The required line connections are discharged to the outside through the lateral branch 36a of the pipe section 36.

Während der Verschwenkung des Steuerkörpers 7 wird die an ihm ausgebildete und mit ihm bewegte Schrägfläche 31 am Fühlerstift 32 unter Verschiebung desselben vorbeigeführt. Die dabei jeweils eingenommene Stellung des Fühlerstiftes 32 innerhalb der Durchgangsbohrung 33 bzw. seine Eindringtiefe in den Längsanker entspricht der jeweiligen Schwenkstellung des Steuerkörpers 7 und damit der Zylindertrommel 6 gegenüber der Triebscheibe 5. Vor Inbetriebnahme der Abtasteinrichtung 31,32 ist eine Kalibrierung zur Bestimmung derjenigen Stellung des Fühlerstiftes 32 erforderlich, die sich bei der dem Null-Verdrängungsvolumen entsprechenden Schwenkstellung des Steuerkörpers 7 ergibt.During the pivoting of the control body 7, the inclined surface 31 formed on it and moved with it is guided past the sensor pin 32 with displacement thereof. The position of the feeler pin 32 within the through hole 33 and its depth of penetration into the longitudinal armature corresponds to the respective pivoting position of the control body 7 and thus of the cylinder drum 6 relative to the drive pulley 5. Before the scanning device 31, 32 is put into operation, a calibration is necessary to determine that position of the sensor pin 32 required, which results in the pivot position of the control body 7 corresponding to the zero displacement volume.

Die in den Fig. 2 und 3 gezeigte Anordnung und Lage der Schrägfläche 31 und des Meßfühlers 32 läßt sich auch für Axialkolbenmaschinen mit zwei Stromrichtungen verwenden, d.h., der Steuerkörper 7 kann zusammen mit der Zylindertrommel 6 in entgegengesetzten Richtungen von einem negativen Winkelbereich über den Winkel 0 in einen positiven Winkelbereich und zurück verschwenkt werden. Treten während des Betriebs entsprechend der Ausführung der sphärischen Flächen 8, 9 an der Zylindertrommel 6 und am Steuerkörper 7 Kraftkomponenten auf, die letzteren in Abhängigkeit von der Stromrichtung an die eine oder andere Führungsfläche 21 anpressen, wie dies in der DE-PS 23 13 575 beschrieben ist, so ergibt sich stets eine eindeutig bestimmte, lediglich um das seitliche Lagerspiel unterschiedliche Lage des Steuerkörpers 7 relativ zu den Führungsflächen 21. Da sich folglich die bei einander entsprechenden Schwenkstellungen des Steuerkörpers 7 im positiven und im negativen Winkelbereich ergebenden Stellungen des Fühlerstiftes 32 innerhalb der Durchgangsbohrung 33 lediglich um das genannte seitliche Lagerspiel unterscheiden, ist lediglich eine Abtasteinrichtung zur exakten Bestimmung des Verdrängungsvolumens der Axialkolbenmaschine erforderlich. Dabei ist es gleichgültig, welcher Seite des Stütz- und Schwenklagers die Abtasteinrichtung zugeordnet ist.The arrangement and position of the inclined surface 31 and the sensor 32 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can also be used for axial piston machines with two current directions, ie the control body 7 can together with the cylinder drum 6 in opposite directions from a negative angular range over the angle 0 can be pivoted into a positive angular range and back. Occurrence during operation in accordance with the design of the spherical surfaces 8, 9 on the cylinder drum 6 and on the control body 7 force components, the latter depending on the direction of the current against one or the other guide surface 21, as shown in FIG DE-PS 23 13 575, there is always a clearly determined position of the control body 7 relative to the guide surfaces 21, which position differs only by the lateral bearing play. As a result, the corresponding swiveling positions of the control body 7 are in the positive and negative angular range resultant positions of the sensor pin 32 within the through hole 33 only by the lateral bearing clearance mentioned, only a scanning device is required for the exact determination of the displacement volume of the axial piston machine. It does not matter which side of the support and swivel bearing the scanning device is assigned to.

Claims (8)

  1. Axial piston machine of bent axis construction having a drive disk (5) rotatably mounted in a housing (1) and a cylinder barrel (6) swivelable with respect to the drive disk, which barrel is connected, by way of axially movable pistons (12) therein, with the drive disk (5) so as to be rotatable with the disk and is rotatably mounted on a control member (7) which takes up axial and radial forces, which control member is swivelably supported and guided in a thrust and swivel bearing formed in a housing stop plate (2) and having a cylindrical support surface (22) and two parallel guide surfaces (21) laterally bounding the support surface, the swivelling of the control member taking place by way of an adjusting element,
    characterised by
    a sensing device (31, 32) directly detecting the swivel position of the control member (7) and hence of the cylinder barrel (6), and having a sensing element (32) movably guided or supported in the housing (1, 2), which sensing element is held in contact with an oblique inclined plane arrangement (31) which is formed on at least one of the bounding surfaces (23, 24) of the control member (7) which extend in the direction of swivelling of the control member.
  2. Axial piston machine according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one of the side surfaces of the control member (7) associated with the guide surfaces (21) is the bounding surface having the inclined plane arrangement (31).
  3. Axial piston machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the inclined plane arrangement (31) is formed partly or wholly on an extension (30) of the control member (7).
  4. Axial piston machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inclined plane arrangement (31), in side projection, follows an arc the radius of which is substantially the same as that of the cylindrical support surface (22).
  5. Axial piston machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sensing element (32) is formed as a sensing pin (32) axially guided in a through bore (33) in the housing (1, 2).
  6. Axial piston machine according to claim 5, characterised in that the sensing pin (32) is held in contact with the inclined plane arrangement (31) by a spring (34).
  7. Axial piston machine according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the sensing pin (32) stands obliquely on the inclined plane arrangement (31) at an angle of substantially 90° plus the oblique angle (a) of the inclined plane arrangement.
  8. Axial piston machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sensing pin (32) is formed as an inductive displacement pick-up (32, 36).
EP91107709A 1990-07-13 1991-05-13 Axial piston machine of the slant axis type Expired - Lifetime EP0465796B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4022301 1990-07-13
DE4022301A DE4022301C1 (en) 1990-07-13 1990-07-13

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EP0465796A1 EP0465796A1 (en) 1992-01-15
EP0465796B1 true EP0465796B1 (en) 1994-02-16

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EP91107709A Expired - Lifetime EP0465796B1 (en) 1990-07-13 1991-05-13 Axial piston machine of the slant axis type

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EP (1) EP0465796B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4022301C1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4239145C1 (en) * 1992-11-20 1994-03-17 Hydromatik Gmbh Measuring device for recording the displacement volume setting of axial piston machines
DE19819960B4 (en) * 1998-05-05 2005-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Axial piston machine with integrated Schwenkwegmeßsystem
DE10119236C1 (en) * 2001-04-19 2002-12-12 Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh Axial piston machine with an inclined axis design, with a swivel angle sensor
DE10119239C1 (en) * 2001-04-19 2002-12-12 Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh Axial piston machine in inclined axis design with a swivel angle sensor
DE102011113637A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydrostatically displaceable bent-axis machine, has contactless pivoting angle detection unit provided for cylinder drum and including Hall sensor fixed at housing, where cylinder drum is pivoted over at sensor

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1277318A (en) * 1960-10-05 1961-12-01 Applic Mach Motrices Improvement in self-adjusting variable displacement pumps
DE1943356A1 (en) * 1969-08-26 1971-03-18 Rauch Fa Constantin Device for controlling adjustable axial piston pumps
DE2313575C3 (en) * 1973-03-19 1980-01-03 Hydromatik Gmbh, 7900 Ulm Hydrostatic axial piston machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59101020D1 (en) 1994-03-24
DE4022301C1 (en) 1991-10-24
EP0465796A1 (en) 1992-01-15

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