EP0463263B1 - Circularly-polarized omnidirectionnal antenna with maximum horizontal gain - Google Patents

Circularly-polarized omnidirectionnal antenna with maximum horizontal gain Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463263B1
EP0463263B1 EP19900401787 EP90401787A EP0463263B1 EP 0463263 B1 EP0463263 B1 EP 0463263B1 EP 19900401787 EP19900401787 EP 19900401787 EP 90401787 A EP90401787 A EP 90401787A EP 0463263 B1 EP0463263 B1 EP 0463263B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
antenna
elements
polarization
horizontal
plane
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EP19900401787
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0463263A1 (en
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Davey Bickford Smith & Cie Etablissements
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ETABLISSEMENTS DAVEY BICKFORD SMITH & CIE
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Davey Bickford Smith et Cie SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic antenna with transverse omnidirectional radiation in right or left circular polarization.
  • known antennas of this kind such as simple helices, crossed dipoles, folded crossed dipoles, quadrifilar helices, Archimedean spirals, conical spirals, logarithmic spirals, and planar antennas (patch) do not radiate in circular polarization only along their main axis of revolution and can not provide omnidirectional coverage in azimuth because the energy radiated transversely is almost nonexistent by construction.
  • Transmitting or receiving stations for traveling satellites involve the use of a circularly polarized antenna below the horizon with omnidirectional coverage.
  • a large number of messages are lost or erroneous because for low sites (unfavorable case), the "ground” or "on-board” antennas only radiate laterally a low energy in rectilinear polarization.
  • the lack of energy at low sites and the rotation of the plane of polarization result in the rupture of the links and so messages.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of known antennas by proposing an antenna which makes it possible to obtain omnidirectional coverage in azimuth, in right or left circular polarization, and in which the transverse components of the radiated fields E and H are in quadrature and at their maximum amplitude so as to obtain a maximum of energy radiated transversely in circular polarization.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose an omnidirectional antenna in azimuth which radiates a maximum of transverse energy in right or left circular polarization in a large cone focused on the horizon.
  • Omnidirectional antennas comprising at least two antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization are already known in this regard from document US-2532428, as well as from document US-2217911 which constitutes the state of the art of the application. spaced substantially uniformly in a first plane and concentrically with a third antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization situated in a second plane substantially perpendicular to the first, said antenna elements each being supplied radioelectrically by currents substantially of the same phase and of same amplitude, the phase centers of the antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization and the phase center of the antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization being substantially distant by an odd number of quarter waves in the direction of propagation of the wave.
  • the arrangement of the elements is such that there is no disturbance of the field radiated by the presence of an excitation line parallel to the radiating elements.
  • the polarization is perfectly circular and easily controllable.
  • the present invention therefore relates to an omnidirectional antenna comprising at least two antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization spaced substantially uniformly in a first plane and concentrically with a third antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization located in a second plane substantially perpendicular to the first, said antenna elements being each supplied radioelectrically by currents substantially of the same phase and of the same amplitude, the phase centers of the antenna elements in rectilinear polarization horizontal and the phase center of the antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization being substantially distant by an odd number of quarter waves in the direction of wave propagation, characterized in that the supply of the elements d the antenna in horizontal rectilinear polarization is produced by means of feed elements extending substantially radially with respect to said antenna elements, substantially in said first plane.
  • the supply elements are substantially evenly distributed in said first plane; the feed elements of the horizontally polarized antenna elements extend radially from said antenna elements to a transformer impedance head common to the horizontal or vertical polarized antenna elements; the head of said antenna impedance transformer is located at the phase center of the vertically polarized antenna element.
  • the omnidirectional antenna according to the invention can comprise three antenna elements with horizontal polarization. It may in particular comprise three half-wave antennas with horizontal polarization spaced substantially uniformly in the same plane and arranged concentrically with a fourth monopole or dipole antenna with vertical polarization and situated in a plane substantially perpendicular to that of said half-wave antennas, these four antennas being supplied by currents of the same phase and of the same amplitude, the diameter of the circle containing the three half-wave antennas being substantially equal to half a wavelength in air at the average working frequency.
  • Each antenna element with horizontal polarization preferably comprises two conductive elements, of rectilinear shape or in an arc of a circle, arranged at the periphery of an insulating plate, on either side thereof, interconnected by a conductive jumper of liaison.
  • the vertically polarized antenna element can be of the cuff antenna type.
  • the horizontally polarized antenna elements can be arranged on a printed circuit.
  • the antenna elements with vertical and horizontal polarizations are advantageously planar elements.
  • the invention also relates to an application of the above-mentioned antenna to all-azimuth ground-ground, ground-air, ground-sea, sea-air, sea-ground, sea-sea, air-ground, air-sea, air- air in a disturbed surrounding environment as well as an application of this antenna to the production of an FM transmitter of reduced power.
  • the elements marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 form the upper radiating assembly, in vertical rectilinear polarization, of the cuff antenna type. These elements are coaxial.
  • the elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 are metallic and welded together to establish radio-electrical continuity, the element 2 being a coaxial energy supply element which is covered by an electrically insulating material of an appropriate nature 26.
  • the respective pairs of electrically conductive elements (for example made of copper) 5 and 6, 7 and 8 and 9 and 10, shaped as a circular arc or toroidal cross-section, form three half-wave antennas in horizontal rectilinear polarization fed in their center by current balancing elements respectively marked 11, 12 and 13.
  • the above-mentioned pairs of radiating elements are joined to the periphery of a support plate 25 made of electrically insulating material (for example epoxy resin) and coaxial with the above-mentioned cuff antenna element, and are regularly angularly arranged. on the outskirts of this plateau.
  • Each pair of above-mentioned radiating elements 5 to 10 comprises an element disposed on the upper face 25 a of the plate 25 and an element disposed against the underside 25 b of the plate 25, the two elements of the same pair being electrically connected by a conductive jumper such as that marked 17 in FIG. 2.
  • the plate 25 also includes three circular cuts 25 c regularly angularly spaced, each circular cut 25 c extending between two adjacent radial symmetrization elements.
  • the elements 5 to 10 may be in the form of straight lines (see Figure 6).
  • the antenna elements with horizontal polarization can also be only 2 in number and arranged as schematically represented in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the plate 25 is not essential and the antenna will then be self-supporting.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 1 corresponds to a polarized antenna circular right.
  • an antenna with left circular polarization is obtained.
  • the oblong radial cuts 25 d of the plate 25 housing the baluns 11 to 13 make it possible not to modify the "electrical length" of said baluns and to avoid operating aberrations.
  • the antenna elements with horizontal polarization A1 to A3 can be produced in the form of a printed circuit.
  • each antenna element A1 to A4 can be produced in the form of a plane element known to those skilled in the art.
  • the metallic element marked 16 forms the external reinforcement of the supply circuits of the four above-mentioned antenna elements and is extended, on the side opposite to the antenna element A4, by a metal support member 14, also coaxial with the plate 25, and by a coaxial connector of end 15 which can also be used as a support for an envelope 40 (shown partially in phantom in Figure 1) housing the antenna and preferably filled with a polyurethane foam, or a metal reflective plane 41 shown in dashed line in Figure 2.
  • the aforementioned polyurethane foam could be replaced by a material dielectric or magnetic to reduce the physical dimensions of the antenna elements.
  • the cutouts 25 c thus allow good filling of the envelope 40 despite the presence of the plate 25.
  • the antenna according to the invention also comprises, coaxial with the latter, the internal head 22 of the impedance transformer which receives the coaxial cores of radio frequency (RF) power from the antenna in vertical polarization A4, that is to say the coaxial core marked 20, and of the three antennas A1 to A3 in horizontal polarization, that is to say the coaxial souls identified 19 which extend, opposite of the aforementioned head 22, perpendicular to the coaxial core 20 of the antenna A4.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the head 22 of said impedance transformer is extended downwards by a metallic cylindrical element 23 which constitutes the transforming section of the antenna according to the invention and which is held in place inside a cylindrical insulating sleeve 24 also coaxial with the plate 25, in particular.
  • the conductor 23 is extended downwards, that is to say towards the coaxial connector 15, by a metallic cylindrical element 18 which constitutes the 50 ohm coaxial feed line of the antenna.
  • the balancing elements 11 to 13 can be interconnected at point 2 so that the impedance head 22 is brought back to this point 2.
  • the radial symmetrization elements marked 11 and 11 '(see Figures 2 and 4) or 11, 12 and 13 (see Figure 1) form with the interconnection jumpers marked 17 (see Figures 1, 2 and 4) and the insulating sleeves 27 surrounding the aforementioned symmetrization conductors (see FIG. 4), symmetrizers of the "paper clip" type which allow the radiofrequency supply of the radiating elements in horizontal polarization respectively 5, 6; 7, 8 and 9, 10.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show the principle of radio antenna power.
  • Figure 4 illustrates in particular the detail of the radio-frequency supply of the radiating elements in horizontal polarization with the use of a trombone type balun known in itself. It can of course be used any other type of balun (for example of the apelooka type).
  • the antenna in vertical polarization is dimensioned to be tuned to the working frequency according to the conventional calculations linked to the antennas and known to those skilled in the art. It is the same for the radiating elements in horizontal polarization which are tuned to the working frequency.
  • the antenna according to the invention can operate in a relatively large frequency band (approximately 20%) if the radiating elements are dimensioned accordingly.
  • the coaxial paths marked 21, 11 and 11 '(see Figure 2) must have an identical "electrical length" so that the phases ⁇ d in 2 and 17 are also identical.
  • the distribution of the impedances at the points marked 20 and 22 is such that the amplitude and the phase of the radio-electric field produced in a direction of space by the element in vertical polarization A4 (direction parallel to this element ) and the amplitude and the phase of the field produced in 17 by the elements in horizontal polarization A1 to A3 are identical.
  • the transformer 21 makes it possible to obtain the aforementioned results and the transformer 23 makes it possible to reduce the impedance of the antenna according to the invention to 50 ohms.
  • a prototype antenna according to the invention was produced by the applicant, using dipoles half-wave in a frequency band between 2.3 and 2.6 GHz.
  • the gain measured with respect to the circular isotrope is equal to 4 dB in the aforementioned frequency band and the ellipticity rate at 90 ° from the longitudinal axis, less than 1 dB.
  • the ROS (standing wave ratio) in the above band is less than 1.6 compared to 50 ohms.
  • the azimuth coverage is omnidirectional to ⁇ 0.5 dB and the site coverage varies in the 2.3-2.6 GHz band from 60 to 70 ° opening at 1/2 power. In this case also, the maximum of energy is directed on the horizon.
  • the radiating element in vertical polarization A4 10 is calculated as a conventional half-wave cuff dipole.
  • the dimensions l1 and l2 are a function of the ratio l / a (length over diameter) knowing that l1 + l2 is always slightly less than ⁇ 2 o ( ⁇ o: working wavelength).
  • the diameter of the radiating elements 5, 6; 7, 8 and 9, 10 of the three half-wave antennas A1 to A3 in horizontal polarization also plays on the length of the half-elements rx ⁇ i i see Figure 3) and in this case, we obtain rx ⁇ i slightly less than o .
  • the diameter 24 xr of arrangement of the three radiating half-wave elements with horizontal polarization is equal to ⁇ 2 o in the air and at ⁇ 2 ox ( ⁇ r ) ⁇ 1 in a medium of relative permitivity r.
  • the diameter of the radiating element with vertical polarization is less than ⁇ 12 o.
  • a particularly interesting application of the antenna according to the invention which can be described as an omnidirectional antenna with transverse circular polarization and maximum gain under the horizon, is in the field of all-azimuth ground-to-ground transmissions , ground-air, ground-sea, air-ground, air-sea, air-air, sea-ground, sea-air, sea-sea, in disturbed surrounding environment.
  • the use of an antenna in circular polarization for such transmissions which involve a maximum energy under the horizon makes it possible to considerably limit the discomfort brought by the disturbing environment, since in the event of reflection on a close metallic obstacle, it there is inversion of the polarization of the reflected wave.
  • each dipole with horizontal polarization (only one is shown in FIG. 10) is supported axially by two vertical balancing elements, with respect to a common base reflector plate 41.
  • phase centers of the horizontally polarized antenna elements are located at the points marked 17 while the phase center of the vertically polarized element is located at point 2.
  • Another application particularly interesting of the antenna according to the invention is the realization of an FM transmitter of reduced power.

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Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne électromagnétique à rayonnement omnidirectif transversal en polarisation circulaire droite ou gauche.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic antenna with transverse omnidirectional radiation in right or left circular polarization.

D'une façon générale, les antennes connues de ce genre, telles que hélices simples, dipoles croisés, dipoles croisés repliés, hélices quadrifilaires, spirales d'Archimède, spirales coniques, spirales logarithmiques, et antennes planes (patch) ne rayonnent en polarisation circulaire que selon leur axe principal de révolution et ne peuvent assurer une couverture omnidirective en azimut car l'énergie rayonnée transversalement est par construction quasiment inexistante.In general, known antennas of this kind, such as simple helices, crossed dipoles, folded crossed dipoles, quadrifilar helices, Archimedean spirals, conical spirals, logarithmic spirals, and planar antennas (patch) do not radiate in circular polarization only along their main axis of revolution and can not provide omnidirectional coverage in azimuth because the energy radiated transversely is almost nonexistent by construction.

Pour obtenir un rayonnement latéral avec ce genre d'antennes, il faut les grouper par trois ou quatre d'un même type sur les faces d'un support triangulaire ou carré, mais dans ce cas, l'éloignement obligatoire entre les centres de phase des antennes élémentaires crée des ondulations importantes de la couverture en azimut et une variation non négligeable du taux d'ellipticité de l'énergie rayonnée.To obtain a lateral radiation with this kind of antennas, they must be grouped by three or four of the same type on the faces of a triangular or square support, but in this case, the obligatory distance between the phase centers elementary antennas creates significant undulations of the azimuth coverage and a non-negligible variation in the ellipticity rate of the radiated energy.

Les stations d'émission ou de réception pour les satellites défilants, impliquent l'utilisation d'une antenne en polarisation circulaire sous l'horizon à couverture omnidirective. Actuellement, un grand nombre de messages sont perdus ou erronés car pour les sites bas (cas défavorable), les antennes "sol" ou "embarquées" ne rayonnent latéralement qu'une faible énergie en polarisation rectiligne. Le manque d'énergie aux sites bas et la rotation du plan de polarisation ont pour conséquence la rupture des liaisons et donc des messages.Transmitting or receiving stations for traveling satellites involve the use of a circularly polarized antenna below the horizon with omnidirectional coverage. Currently, a large number of messages are lost or erroneous because for low sites (unfavorable case), the "ground" or "on-board" antennas only radiate laterally a low energy in rectilinear polarization. The lack of energy at low sites and the rotation of the plane of polarization result in the rupture of the links and so messages.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients des antennes connues en proposant une antenne qui permette d'obtenir une couverture omnidirective en azimut, en polarisation circulaire droite ou gauche, et dans laquelle les composantes transversales des champs rayonnés E et H soient en quadrature et à leur maximum d'amplitude de manière à obtenir un maximum d'énergie rayonnée transversalement en polarisation circulaire.The present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of known antennas by proposing an antenna which makes it possible to obtain omnidirectional coverage in azimuth, in right or left circular polarization, and in which the transverse components of the radiated fields E and H are in quadrature and at their maximum amplitude so as to obtain a maximum of energy radiated transversely in circular polarization.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer une antenne omnidirective en azimut qui rayonne un maximum d'énergie transversale en polarisation circulaire droite ou gauche dans un large cône axé sur l'horizon.Another object of the invention is to propose an omnidirectional antenna in azimuth which radiates a maximum of transverse energy in right or left circular polarization in a large cone focused on the horizon.

On connaît déjà, à cet égard, par le document US-2532428, ainsi que par le document US-2217911 qui constitue l'état de la technique de la demande, des antennes omnidirectives comprenant au moins deux éléments d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne horizontale espacés sensiblement uniformément dans un premier plan et de façon concentrique à un troisième élément d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne verticale situé dans un second plan sensiblement perpendiculaire au premier, lesdits éléments d'antenne étant chacun alimentés radioélectriquement par des courants sensiblements de même phase et de même amplitude, les centres de phase des éléments d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne horizontale et le centre de phase de l'élément d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne verticale étant sensiblement distants d'un nombre impair de quarts d'onde dans le sens de propagation de l'onde.Omnidirectional antennas comprising at least two antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization are already known in this regard from document US-2532428, as well as from document US-2217911 which constitutes the state of the art of the application. spaced substantially uniformly in a first plane and concentrically with a third antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization situated in a second plane substantially perpendicular to the first, said antenna elements each being supplied radioelectrically by currents substantially of the same phase and of same amplitude, the phase centers of the antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization and the phase center of the antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization being substantially distant by an odd number of quarter waves in the direction of propagation of the wave.

Cependant, dans les antennes dont font état les documents US-2532428 et US-2217911, les éléments horizontaux rayonnants sont alimentés latéralement par des lignes d'excitation parallèles à l'élément rayonnant vertical. Cette configuration est à l'origine d'une gêne importante au niveau du rayonnement, qui, d'une part, affecte fortement l'omnidirectivité de l'antenne et, d'autre part, ne permet d'obtenir qu'une polarisation elliptique.However, in the antennas mentioned in documents US-2532428 and US-2217911, the horizontal radiating elements are supplied laterally by excitation lines parallel to the vertical radiating element. This configuration is the cause of significant discomfort at the level of the radiation, which, on the one hand, strongly affects the omnidirectionality of the antenna and, on the other hand, only allows to obtain an elliptical polarization .

On notera encore que dans le dispositif du brevet US-2217911, le courant dans la boucle horizontale est maintenu constant par des capacités et que dans le brevet US-2532428, il existe une différence de phase de 90° entre l'élément rayonnant vertical et l'élément rayonnant horizontal.It will also be noted that in the device of patent US-2217911, the current in the horizontal loop is kept constant by capacitors and that in patent US-2532428, there is a phase difference of 90 ° between the vertical radiating element and the horizontal radiating element.

Dans le dispositif de la demanderesse, la disposition des éléments est telle qu'il n'existe aucune perturbation du champ rayonné par la présente d'une ligne d'excitation parallèle aux éléments rayonnants. De plus, la polarisation est parfaitement circulaire et aisément maîtrisable.In the Applicant's device, the arrangement of the elements is such that there is no disturbance of the field radiated by the presence of an excitation line parallel to the radiating elements. In addition, the polarization is perfectly circular and easily controllable.

La présente invention a donc pour objet une antenne omnidirective comprenant au moins deux éléments d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne horizontale espacés sensiblement uniformément dans un premier plan et de façon concentrique à un troisième élément d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne verticale situé dans un second plan sensiblement perpendiculaire au premier, lesdits éléments d'antenne étant chacun alimentés radioélectriquement par des courants sensiblement de même phase et de même amplitude, les centres de phase des éléments d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne horizontale et le centre de phase de l'élément d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne verticale étant sensiblement distants d'un nombre impair de quarts d'onde dans le sens de propagation de l'onde, caractérisée en ce que l'alimentation des éléments d'antenne en polarisation rectiligne horizontale est réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'éléments d'alimentation s'étendant sensiblement radialement par rapport auxdits éléments d'antenne, sensiblement dans ledit premier plan.The present invention therefore relates to an omnidirectional antenna comprising at least two antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization spaced substantially uniformly in a first plane and concentrically with a third antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization located in a second plane substantially perpendicular to the first, said antenna elements being each supplied radioelectrically by currents substantially of the same phase and of the same amplitude, the phase centers of the antenna elements in rectilinear polarization horizontal and the phase center of the antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization being substantially distant by an odd number of quarter waves in the direction of wave propagation, characterized in that the supply of the elements d the antenna in horizontal rectilinear polarization is produced by means of feed elements extending substantially radially with respect to said antenna elements, substantially in said first plane.

Avantageusement les éléments d'alimentation sont sensiblement répartis régulièrement dans ledit premier plan; les éléments d'alimentation des éléments d'antenne à polarisation horizontale, s'étendent radialement desdits éléments d'antenne jusqu'à une tête de transformateur d'impédance commune aux éléments d'antenne à polarisation horizontale ou verticale; la tête dudit transformateur d'impédance de l'antenne est située au centre de phase de l'élément d'antenne à polarisation verticale.Advantageously, the supply elements are substantially evenly distributed in said first plane; the feed elements of the horizontally polarized antenna elements extend radially from said antenna elements to a transformer impedance head common to the horizontal or vertical polarized antenna elements; the head of said antenna impedance transformer is located at the phase center of the vertically polarized antenna element.

L'antenne omnidirective selon l'invention peut comprendre trois éléments d'antenne à polarisation horizontale. Elle peut en particulier comprendre trois antennes demi-onde à polarisation horizontale espacées sensiblement uniformément dans un même plan et disposées de façon concentrique à une quatrième antenne monopole ou dipole à polarisation verticale et située dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à celui desdites antennes demi-onde, ces quatre antennes étant alimentées par des courants de même phase et de même amplitude, le diamètre du cercle contenant les trois antennes demi-onde étant sensiblement égal à une demie longueur d'onde dans l'air à la fréquence moyenne de travail.The omnidirectional antenna according to the invention can comprise three antenna elements with horizontal polarization. It may in particular comprise three half-wave antennas with horizontal polarization spaced substantially uniformly in the same plane and arranged concentrically with a fourth monopole or dipole antenna with vertical polarization and situated in a plane substantially perpendicular to that of said half-wave antennas, these four antennas being supplied by currents of the same phase and of the same amplitude, the diameter of the circle containing the three half-wave antennas being substantially equal to half a wavelength in air at the average working frequency.

Chaque élément d'antenne à polarisation horizontale comprend préférentiellement deux éléments conducteurs, de forme rectiligne ou en arc de cercle, disposés à la périphérie d'un plateau isolant, de part et d'autre de celui-ci, interconnectés par un cavalier conducteur de liaison.Each antenna element with horizontal polarization preferably comprises two conductive elements, of rectilinear shape or in an arc of a circle, arranged at the periphery of an insulating plate, on either side thereof, interconnected by a conductive jumper of liaison.

L'élément d'antenne à polarisation verticale peut être du type antenne à manchette.The vertically polarized antenna element can be of the cuff antenna type.

Les éléments d'antenne à polarisation horizontale peuvent être disposés sur un circuit imprimé.The horizontally polarized antenna elements can be arranged on a printed circuit.

Les éléments d'antenne à polarisations verticale et horizontale sont avantageusement des éléments plans.The antenna elements with vertical and horizontal polarizations are advantageously planar elements.

L'invention vise également une application de l'antenne précitée aux transmissions tout azimut sol-sol, sol-air, sol-mer, mer-air, mer-sol, mer-mer, air-sol, air-mer, air-air en milieu environnant perturbé ainsi qu'une application de cette antenne à la réalisation d'un émetteur FM de puissance réduite.The invention also relates to an application of the above-mentioned antenna to all-azimuth ground-ground, ground-air, ground-sea, sea-air, sea-ground, sea-sea, air-ground, air-sea, air- air in a disturbed surrounding environment as well as an application of this antenna to the production of an FM transmitter of reduced power.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui va suivre.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows.

Aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs:

  • La Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une antenne conforme à l'invention,
  • La Figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale de l'antenne de la Figure 1 selon un plan passant par l'une des antennes demi-onde dipole de l'antenne conforme à l'invention,
  • La Figure 3 est une vue selon le plan III-III de la Figure 2,
  • La Figure 4 est une vue d'un détail de la Figure 2, à échelle agrandie, illustrant l'alimentation radio-fréquence d'une antenne demi-onde dipole,
  • La Figure 5 est un schéma électrique équivalent illustrant le principe de l'alimentation radio-électrique de l'antenne conforme à l'invention, et
  • Les Figures 6 à 10 représentent une antenne conforme à l'invention selon diverses variantes de réalisation.
In the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an antenna according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in axial section of the antenna of FIG. 1 along a plane passing through one of the half-wave dipole antennas of the antenna according to the invention,
  • Figure 3 is a plan view III-III of Figure 2,
  • FIG. 4 is a view of a detail of FIG. 2, on an enlarged scale, illustrating the radio-frequency supply of a half-wave dipole antenna,
  • FIG. 5 is an equivalent electrical diagram illustrating the principle of the radio-electric supply of the antenna according to the invention, and
  • Figures 6 to 10 show an antenna according to the invention according to various alternative embodiments.

Le dimensionnement des éléments constitutifs de l'antenne représentée aux dessins annexés, peut être facilement déterminé à partir des valeurs des paramètres exprimées dans la description ci-après, en fonction de la longueur d'onde de travail λo dans l'air. Dans le cas où, pour des raisons de tenue mécanique, les éléments d'antenne sont noyés dans un milieu électriquement isolant de constante diélectrique relative εr, il y aura lieu d'appliquer un coefficient de raccourcissement K (qui dépend en particulier de εr).The dimensioning of the constituent elements of the antenna shown in the accompanying drawings can be easily determined from the values of the parameters expressed in the description below, as a function of the working wavelength λ o in air. In the case where, for reasons of mechanical strength, the antenna elements are embedded in an electrically insulating medium of relative dielectric constant εr, it will be necessary to apply a shortening coefficient K (which depends in particular on εr) .

A la Figure 1, les éléments repérés 1, 2, 3 et 4 forment l'ensemble rayonnant supérieur, en polarisation rectiligne verticale, du type antenne à manchette. Ces éléments sont coaxiaux.In Figure 1, the elements marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 form the upper radiating assembly, in vertical rectilinear polarization, of the cuff antenna type. These elements are coaxial.

Les éléments 1, 2, 3 et 4 sont métalliques et soudés entre eux pour établir une continuité radio-électrique, l'élément 2 étant un élément coaxial d'alimentation en énergie qui est recouvert par un matériau électriquement isolant de nature appropriée 26.The elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 are metallic and welded together to establish radio-electrical continuity, the element 2 being a coaxial energy supply element which is covered by an electrically insulating material of an appropriate nature 26.

Les paires respectives d'éléments électriquement conducteurs (par exemple réalisés en cuivre) 5 et 6, 7 et 8 et 9 et 10, conformés en arc de cercle ou section de tore, forment trois antennes demi-onde en polarisation rectiligne horizontale alimentées en leur centre par des éléments de symétrisation de courant respectivement repérés 11, 12 et 13. Les paires d'éléments rayonnants précités sont solidarisées à la périphérie d'un plateau support 25 en matériau électriquement isolant (par exemple en résine époxyde) et coaxial à l'élément d'antenne à manchette précité, et sont régulièrement angulairement disposées à la périphérie de ce plateau. Chaque paire d'éléments rayonnants précitée 5 à 10 comprend un élément disposé sur la face supérieure 25a du plateau 25 et un élément disposé contre la face inférieure 25b du plateau 25, les deux éléments d'une même paire étant électriquement reliés par un cavalier conducteur tel que celui repéré 17 à la Figure 2. Le plateau 25 comprend également trois découpes circulaires 25c régulièrement angulairement espacées, chaque découpe circulaire 25c s'étendant entre deux éléments de symétrisation radiaux adjacents.The respective pairs of electrically conductive elements (for example made of copper) 5 and 6, 7 and 8 and 9 and 10, shaped as a circular arc or toroidal cross-section, form three half-wave antennas in horizontal rectilinear polarization fed in their center by current balancing elements respectively marked 11, 12 and 13. The above-mentioned pairs of radiating elements are joined to the periphery of a support plate 25 made of electrically insulating material (for example epoxy resin) and coaxial with the above-mentioned cuff antenna element, and are regularly angularly arranged. on the outskirts of this plateau. Each pair of above-mentioned radiating elements 5 to 10 comprises an element disposed on the upper face 25 a of the plate 25 and an element disposed against the underside 25 b of the plate 25, the two elements of the same pair being electrically connected by a conductive jumper such as that marked 17 in FIG. 2. The plate 25 also includes three circular cuts 25 c regularly angularly spaced, each circular cut 25 c extending between two adjacent radial symmetrization elements.

En variante, les éléments 5 à 10, de préférence sous forme de conducteurs pleins, peuvent se présenter sous forme de segments de droite (voir Figure 6). Les éléments d'antenne à polarisation horizontale peuvent aussi n'être qu'au nombre de 2 et disposés comme schématiquement représentés aux Figures 7 et 8.Alternatively, the elements 5 to 10, preferably in the form of solid conductors, may be in the form of straight lines (see Figure 6). The antenna elements with horizontal polarization can also be only 2 in number and arranged as schematically represented in FIGS. 7 and 8.

Pour une antenne de petites dimensions, le plateau 25 n'est pas indispensable et l'antenne sera alors autoporteuse.For a small antenna, the plate 25 is not essential and the antenna will then be self-supporting.

La forme de réalisation représentée à la Figure 1 correspond à une antenne à polarisation circulaire droite. Par simple permutation circulaire des conducteurs respectivement 5 et 6, 7 et 8, 9 et 10, on obtient une antenne à polarisation circulaire gauche.The embodiment shown in Figure 1 corresponds to a polarized antenna circular right. By simple circular permutation of the conductors 5 and 6, 7 and 8, 9 and 10 respectively, an antenna with left circular polarization is obtained.

Les découpes radiales oblongues 25d du plateau 25 logeant les éléments symétriseurs 11 à 13 permettent de ne pas modifier la "longueur électrique" desdits symétriseurs et d'éviter les aberrations de fonctionnement.The oblong radial cuts 25 d of the plate 25 housing the baluns 11 to 13 make it possible not to modify the "electrical length" of said baluns and to avoid operating aberrations.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation, les éléments d'antenne à polarisation horizontale A1 à A3 peuvent être réalisés sous forme d'un circuit imprimé.According to another alternative embodiment, the antenna elements with horizontal polarization A1 to A3 can be produced in the form of a printed circuit.

En outre, ainsi que représenté schématiquement à la Figure 9, chaque élément d'antenne A1 à A4 peut être réalisé sous forme d'élément plan connu de l'homme du métier.In addition, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9, each antenna element A1 to A4 can be produced in the form of a plane element known to those skilled in the art.

L'élément métallique repéré 16 (voir Figure 1), coaxial au plateau 25 et à l'antenne à manchette repérée A4 à la Figure 1 (les éléments rayonnants en polarisation rectiligne horizontale étant respectivement repérés A1, A2 et A3), forme l'armature extérieure des circuits d'alimentation des quatre éléments d'antenne précités et est prolongé, du côté opposé à l'élément d'antenne A4, par un organe support métallique 14, également coaxial au plateau 25, et par un connecteur coaxial d'extrémité 15 qui peut également être utilisé comme support d'une enveloppe 40 (représentée partiellement en trait mixte à la Figure 1) logeant l'antenne et de préférence remplie d'une mousse de polyuréthanne, ou d'un plan réflecteur métallique 41 représenté en trait mixte à la Figure 2. En variante, la mousse polyuréthanne précitée pourrait être remplacée par un matériau diélectrique ou magnétique permettant de réduire les dimensions physiques des éléments d'antenne.The metallic element marked 16 (see FIG. 1), coaxial with the plate 25 and the cuff antenna marked A4 in FIG. 1 (the radiating elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization being respectively labeled A1, A2 and A3), forms the external reinforcement of the supply circuits of the four above-mentioned antenna elements and is extended, on the side opposite to the antenna element A4, by a metal support member 14, also coaxial with the plate 25, and by a coaxial connector of end 15 which can also be used as a support for an envelope 40 (shown partially in phantom in Figure 1) housing the antenna and preferably filled with a polyurethane foam, or a metal reflective plane 41 shown in dashed line in Figure 2. Alternatively, the aforementioned polyurethane foam could be replaced by a material dielectric or magnetic to reduce the physical dimensions of the antenna elements.

Les découpes 25c permettent ainsi un bon remplissage de l'enveloppe 40 malgré la présence du plateau 25.The cutouts 25 c thus allow good filling of the envelope 40 despite the presence of the plate 25.

Sensiblement en regard du plateau 25, l'antenne conforme à l'invention comprend également, coaxiale à celui-ci, la tête intérieure 22 du transformateur d'impédance qui reçoit les âmes coaxiales d'alimentation radio-fréquence (RF) de l'antenne en polarisation verticale A4, c'est-à-dire l'âme coaxiale repérée 20, et des trois antennes A1 à A3 en polarisation horizontale, c'est-à-dire les âmes coaxiales repérées 19 qui s'étendent, en regard de la tête 22 précitée, perpendiculairement à l'âme coaxiale 20 de l'antenne A4.Substantially opposite the plate 25, the antenna according to the invention also comprises, coaxial with the latter, the internal head 22 of the impedance transformer which receives the coaxial cores of radio frequency (RF) power from the antenna in vertical polarization A4, that is to say the coaxial core marked 20, and of the three antennas A1 to A3 in horizontal polarization, that is to say the coaxial souls identified 19 which extend, opposite of the aforementioned head 22, perpendicular to the coaxial core 20 of the antenna A4.

La tête 22 dudit transformateur d'impédance est prolongée vers le bas par un élément cylindrique métallique 23 qui constitue la section de transformation de l'antenne selon l'invention et qui est maintenu en place à l'intérieur d'un manchon cylindrique isolant 24 également coaxial au plateau 25, en particulier.The head 22 of said impedance transformer is extended downwards by a metallic cylindrical element 23 which constitutes the transforming section of the antenna according to the invention and which is held in place inside a cylindrical insulating sleeve 24 also coaxial with the plate 25, in particular.

Le conducteur 23 est prolongé vers le bas, c'est-à-dire vers le connecteur coaxial 15, par un élément cylindrique métallique 18 qui constitue la ligne d'alimentation coaxiale 50 ohms de l'antenne.The conductor 23 is extended downwards, that is to say towards the coaxial connector 15, by a metallic cylindrical element 18 which constitutes the 50 ohm coaxial feed line of the antenna.

Selon une variante de réalisation, les éléments symétriseurs 11 à 13 peuvent être interconnectés au point 2 de sorte que la tête d'impédance 22 se trouve ramenée en ce point 2.According to an alternative embodiment, the balancing elements 11 to 13 can be interconnected at point 2 so that the impedance head 22 is brought back to this point 2.

A l'exclusion des éléments repérés respectivement 24 à 27 qui sont réalisés en matériau électriquement isolant, de nature appropriée (téflon, polyéthylène ou céramique), tous les autres éléments constitutifs de l'antenne sont réalisés en matériau conducteur des courants radio-fréquence et interconnectés entre eux de manière que, si l'antenne est alimentée en courant continu, tous les points de la structure métallique de cette antenne soient au même potentiel.Excluding items identified respectively 24 to 27 which are made of electrically insulating material, of an appropriate nature (teflon, polyethylene or ceramic), all the other constituent elements of the antenna are made of material conducting radio-frequency currents and interconnected so that, if the antenna is supplied with direct current, all the points of the metallic structure of this antenna are at the same potential.

Les éléments radiaux de symétrisation repérés 11 et 11' (voir Figures 2 et 4) ou 11, 12 et 13 (voir Figure 1) forment avec les cavaliers d'interconnexion repérés 17 (voir Figures 1, 2 et 4) et les manchons isolants 27 entourant les conducteurs de symétrisation précités (voir Figure 4), des symétriseurs du type "trombone" qui permettent l'alimentation radio-fréquence des éléments rayonnants en polarisation horizontale respectivement 5, 6; 7, 8 et 9, 10.The radial symmetrization elements marked 11 and 11 '(see Figures 2 and 4) or 11, 12 and 13 (see Figure 1) form with the interconnection jumpers marked 17 (see Figures 1, 2 and 4) and the insulating sleeves 27 surrounding the aforementioned symmetrization conductors (see FIG. 4), symmetrizers of the "paper clip" type which allow the radiofrequency supply of the radiating elements in horizontal polarization respectively 5, 6; 7, 8 and 9, 10.

Les Figures 4 et 5 représentent le principe de l'alimentation radio-électrique de l'antenne. La Figure 4 illustre en particulier le détail de l'alimentation radio-fréquence des éléments rayonnants en polarisation horizontale avec l'utilisation d'un symétriseur du type trombone connu en lui-même. Il peut bien entendu être utilisé tout autre type de symétriseur (par exemple du type bazooka).Figures 4 and 5 show the principle of radio antenna power. Figure 4 illustrates in particular the detail of the radio-frequency supply of the radiating elements in horizontal polarization with the use of a trombone type balun known in itself. It can of course be used any other type of balun (for example of the bazooka type).

Les potentiels VD et les phases φD (voir Figure 4) doivent être identiques en 17 pour chacune des antennes en polarisation horizontale. De plus, il est nécessaire que la phase en 2 soit identique à la phase φD et que l'amplitude en ce point soit très peu différente.The potentials V D and the phases φ D (see Figure 4) must be identical at 17 for each of the antennas in horizontal polarization. In addition, it is necessary that the phase in 2 is identical to the phase φ D and that the amplitude at this point is very little different.

Les antennes en polarisation horizontale sont placées sur un cercle de rayon λ 4 εR

Figure imgb0001
à la fréquence de travail ou sur un cercle de rayon λ/4n√εR, expression dans laquelle n est impair et vaut 1, 3, 5 etc... et r = 1 pour l'air.Antennas in horizontal polarization are placed on a circle of radius λ 4 εR
Figure imgb0001
at the working frequency or on a circle of radius λ / 4 n √ε R , expression in which n is odd and is worth 1, 3, 5 etc ... and r = 1 for air.

L'antenne en polarisation verticale est dimensionnée pour être accordée à la fréquence de travail selon les calculs classiques liés aux antennes et connus de l'homme du métier. Il en est de même pour les éléments rayonnants en polarisation horizontale qui sont accordés à la fréquence de travail.The antenna in vertical polarization is dimensioned to be tuned to the working frequency according to the conventional calculations linked to the antennas and known to those skilled in the art. It is the same for the radiating elements in horizontal polarization which are tuned to the working frequency.

L'antenne conforme à l'invention peut fonctionner dans une bande de fréquence relativement importante (environ 20%) si on dimensionne les éléments rayonnant en conséquence. A cet effet, les trajets coaxiaux repérés 21, 11 et 11' (voir Figure 2) doivent avoir une "longueur électrique" identique de sorte que les phases φd en 2 et 17 soient elles aussi identiques.The antenna according to the invention can operate in a relatively large frequency band (approximately 20%) if the radiating elements are dimensioned accordingly. For this purpose, the coaxial paths marked 21, 11 and 11 '(see Figure 2) must have an identical "electrical length" so that the phases φ d in 2 and 17 are also identical.

La répartition des impédances aux points repérés 20 et 22 (Figure 2) est telle que l'amplitude et la phase du champ radio-électrique produit dans une direction de l'espace par l'élément en polarisation verticale A4 (direction parallèle à cet élément) et l'amplitude et la phase du champ produit en 17 par les éléments en polarisation horizontale A1 à A3 soient identiques.The distribution of the impedances at the points marked 20 and 22 (Figure 2) is such that the amplitude and the phase of the radio-electric field produced in a direction of space by the element in vertical polarization A4 (direction parallel to this element ) and the amplitude and the phase of the field produced in 17 by the elements in horizontal polarization A1 to A3 are identical.

Le transformateur 21 permet d'obtenir les résultats précités et le transformateur 23 permet de ramener l'impédance de l'antenne conforme à l'invention à 50 ohms.The transformer 21 makes it possible to obtain the aforementioned results and the transformer 23 makes it possible to reduce the impedance of the antenna according to the invention to 50 ohms.

Un prototype d'antenne selon l'invention a été réalisé par le déposant, à l'aide de dipoles demie-onde dans une bande de fréquence comprise entre 2,3 et 2,6 GHz. Dans ce cas, le gain mesuré par rapport à l'isotrope circulaire est égal à 4 dB dans la bande de fréquence précitée et le taux d'ellipticité à 90° de l'axe longitudinal, inférieur à 1 dB. Le ROS (rapport d'onde stationnaire) dans la bande précitée est inférieur à 1,6 par rapport à 50 ohms. La couverture azimut est omnidirective à ± 0,5 dB et la couverture site varie dans la bande 2,3-2,6 GHz de 60 à 70° d'ouverture à 1/2 puissance. Dans ce cas également, le maximum d'énergie est dirigé sur l'horizon.A prototype antenna according to the invention was produced by the applicant, using dipoles half-wave in a frequency band between 2.3 and 2.6 GHz. In this case, the gain measured with respect to the circular isotrope is equal to 4 dB in the aforementioned frequency band and the ellipticity rate at 90 ° from the longitudinal axis, less than 1 dB. The ROS (standing wave ratio) in the above band is less than 1.6 compared to 50 ohms. The azimuth coverage is omnidirectional to ± 0.5 dB and the site coverage varies in the 2.3-2.6 GHz band from 60 to 70 ° opening at 1/2 power. In this case also, the maximum of energy is directed on the horizon.

L'élément rayonnant en polarisation verticale A4 10 est calculé comme un dipole à manchette demie-onde classique. Les dimensions l₁ et l₂ (voir Figure 2) sont fonction du rapport l/a (longueur sur diamètre) sachant que l₁ + l₂ est toujours légèrement inférieur à λ 2

Figure imgb0002
o ( λo : longueur d'onde de travail).The radiating element in vertical polarization A4 10 is calculated as a conventional half-wave cuff dipole. The dimensions l₁ and l₂ (see Figure 2) are a function of the ratio l / a (length over diameter) knowing that l₁ + l₂ is always slightly less than λ 2
Figure imgb0002
o (λo: working wavelength).

Le diamètre des éléments rayonnants 5, 6; 7, 8 et 9, 10 des trois antennes demie-onde A1 à A3 en polarisation horizontale joue également sur la longueur des demi-éléments r x ϑi i voir Figure 3) et dans ce cas, on obtient rx ϑi légèrement inférieur à o.The diameter of the radiating elements 5, 6; 7, 8 and 9, 10 of the three half-wave antennas A1 to A3 in horizontal polarization also plays on the length of the half-elements rx ϑ i i see Figure 3) and in this case, we obtain rx ϑ i slightly less than o .

Le diamètre 2⁴ x r de disposition des trois éléments rayonnants demie-onde à polarisation horizontale est égal à λ 2

Figure imgb0003
o dans l'air et à λ 2
Figure imgb0004
o x(εr)⁻¹ dans un milieu de permitivité relative r.The diameter 2⁴ xr of arrangement of the three radiating half-wave elements with horizontal polarization is equal to λ 2
Figure imgb0003
o in the air and at λ 2
Figure imgb0004
ox (ε r ) ⁻¹ in a medium of relative permitivity r.

Pour un fonctionnement optimal de l'antenne, il est recommandé que le diamètre de l'élément rayonnant à polarisation verticale soit inférieur à λ 12

Figure imgb0005
o.For optimal functioning of the antenna, it is recommended that the diameter of the radiating element with vertical polarization is less than λ 12
Figure imgb0005
o.

Pour que chacune des antennes soit alimentée par des courants de même amplitude et de même phase, la longueur des éléments coaxiaux d'alimentation repérés 4 pour l'élément d'antenne A₄ et 11, 12, 13 pour les trois éléments d'antenne horizontaux doivent être rigoureusement identiques c'est-à-dire l₁ = l₂ = l₃ = l₄.So that each of the antennas is supplied by currents of the same amplitude and of the same phase, the length of the coaxial supply elements marked 4 for the antenna element A₄ and 11, 12, 13 for the three horizontal antenna elements must be strictly identical, that is to say l₂ = l₂ = l₃ = l₄.

Une application particulièrement intéRessante de l'antenne conforme à l'invention, que l'on peut qualifier d'antenne omnididirective à polarisation circulaire transversale et à maximum de gain sous l'horizon, se situe dans le domaine des transmissions tout azimut sol-sol, sol-air, sol-mer, air-sol, air-mer, air-air, mer-sol, mer-air, mer-mer, en milieu environnant perturbé. L'utilisation d'une antenne en polarisation circulaire pour de telles transmissions qui impliquent une énergie maximale sous l'horizon, permet de limiter considérablement la gêne apportée par l'environnement perturbateur, puisqu'en cas de réflexion sur un obstacle métallique proche, il y a inversion de la polarisation de l'onde réfléchie.A particularly interesting application of the antenna according to the invention, which can be described as an omnidirectional antenna with transverse circular polarization and maximum gain under the horizon, is in the field of all-azimuth ground-to-ground transmissions , ground-air, ground-sea, air-ground, air-sea, air-air, sea-ground, sea-air, sea-sea, in disturbed surrounding environment. The use of an antenna in circular polarization for such transmissions which involve a maximum energy under the horizon, makes it possible to considerably limit the discomfort brought by the disturbing environment, since in the event of reflection on a close metallic obstacle, it there is inversion of the polarization of the reflected wave.

La variante de réalisation représentée à la Figure 10 est également possible. Dans ce cas, chaque dipole à polarisation horizontale (un seul est représenté Figure 10) est supporté axialement par deux éléments symétriseurs verticaux, par rapport à un plateau réflecteur de base commun 41.The alternative embodiment shown in Figure 10 is also possible. In this case, each dipole with horizontal polarization (only one is shown in FIG. 10) is supported axially by two vertical balancing elements, with respect to a common base reflector plate 41.

On notera que les centres de phase des éléments d'antenne à polarisation horizontale se situent aux points repérés 17 tandis que le centre de phase de l'élément à polarisation verticale se situe au point 2.It will be noted that the phase centers of the horizontally polarized antenna elements are located at the points marked 17 while the phase center of the vertically polarized element is located at point 2.

Une autre application particulièrement intéressante de l'antenne conforme à l'invention, est la réalisation d'un émetteur FM de puissance réduite.Another application particularly interesting of the antenna according to the invention, is the realization of an FM transmitter of reduced power.

Les signes de référence insérés après les caractéristiques techniques mentionnées dans les revendications, ont pour seul but de faciliter la compréhension de ces dernières, et n'en limitent aucunement la portée.The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics mentioned in the claims, have the sole purpose of facilitating the understanding of the latter, and in no way limit their scope.

Claims (12)

  1. Omnidirectional antenna comprising at least two antenna elements (A₁,A₂,A₃) with horizontal rectilinear polarization spaced essentially uniformly in a first plane and concentrically to an antenna element (A₄) with vertical rectilinear polarization located in a second plane essentially perpendicular to the first plane, said antenna elements being each fed with radio-frequency currents having essentially the same phase and the same amplitude, the phase centers (17) of the antenna elements (A₁,A₂,A₃) with horizontal rectilinear polarization and the phase center (2) of the antenna element (A₄) with vertical rectilinear polarization being essentially remote of a wave quarter odd number in the direction of propagation of the wave, characterized in that the feeding of the antenna elements (A₁,A₂,A₃) with horizontal rectilinear polarization is made via feeding elements (11,12,13) extending essentially radially with respect to said antenna elements essentially in said first plane.
  2. Omnidirectional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding elements (11,12,13) are substantially regularly provided in said first plane.
  3. Omnidirectional antenna according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the feeding elements (11,12,13) of the antenna elements (A₁,A₂,A₃) with horizontal polarization extend radially of said antenna elements until an impedance transformer head common to the antenna elements with horizontal or vertical polarization.
  4. Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the head (22) of the antenna impedance transformer is located at the phase center (2) of the antenna element with vertical polarization.
  5. Omnidirectional antenna according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises three antenna elements with horizontal polarization (A₁,A₂,A₃).
  6. Omnidirectional antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises three half wave antennas with horizontal polarization essentially uniformly spaced in a same plane and located concentrically with a fourth monopole or dipole antenna with vertical polarization and located in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of said half wave antennas, this four antennas being fed with currents having the same phase and the same amplitude, the circle diameter comprising the three half wave antennas being substantially equal to a half wave length in air at the medium work frequency.
  7. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each antenna element (A₁,A₂,A₃) with horizontal polarization comprises two conductor elements rectilinear or provided according to a circle arc located circumferentially on an isolating disc (25) on both sides thereof linked by a connecting conductor claw (17).
  8. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna element (A₄) with vertical polarization is of the cuff type antenna.
  9. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna elements with horizontal polarization (A₁ to A₄) are provided on a printed circuit.
  10. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna elements with vertical and horizontal polarizations are flat elements.
  11. Application of an omnidirectional antenna according to one of the preceding claims to earth-earth, earth-air, earth-sea, sea-earth, sea-air, sea-sea, air-earth, air-sea and air-air all azimuth transmissions in a disturbed surroundings medium.
  12. Application of an antenna according to one of claims 1 to 12 to obtain a FM transmitter with a reduced power.
EP19900401787 1989-03-22 1990-06-22 Circularly-polarized omnidirectionnal antenna with maximum horizontal gain Expired - Lifetime EP0463263B1 (en)

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FR8903778A FR2644937B1 (en) 1989-03-22 1989-03-22 OMNIDIRECTIVE ANTENNA IN MAXIMUM GAIN CROSS-CIRCULAR POLARIZATION UNDER THE HORIZON

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EP0463263B1 true EP0463263B1 (en) 1994-04-13

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GB2512111B (en) 2013-03-20 2017-02-15 British Broadcasting Corp Antenna arrangement for transmitting two or more polarisations of radio signal
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CN103822973A (en) * 2014-02-26 2014-05-28 北京工业大学 Omnidirectional shear-horizontal-mode magnetostrictive transducer
FR3060089B1 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-08-23 Mbda France BALANCING RING ASSEMBLY FOR MISSILE AND MISSILE PROVIDED WITH SUCH A BALANCING ASSEMBLY
CN109216941A (en) * 2018-09-03 2019-01-15 吴通控股集团股份有限公司 A kind of small-sized interferometer direction-finder antenna group

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US8803749B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2014-08-12 Kwok Wa Leung Elliptically or circularly polarized dielectric block antenna

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ES2053136T3 (en) 1994-07-16
DE69008170T2 (en) 1994-10-13
FR2644937B1 (en) 1991-09-27
EP0463263A1 (en) 1992-01-02
FR2644937A1 (en) 1990-09-28
DK0463263T3 (en) 1994-06-06
DE69008170D1 (en) 1994-05-19

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