EP0462042A1 - Method for dry assembly of building-blocks - Google Patents

Method for dry assembly of building-blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0462042A1
EP0462042A1 EP91470014A EP91470014A EP0462042A1 EP 0462042 A1 EP0462042 A1 EP 0462042A1 EP 91470014 A EP91470014 A EP 91470014A EP 91470014 A EP91470014 A EP 91470014A EP 0462042 A1 EP0462042 A1 EP 0462042A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
dry
seal
slide
seals
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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EP91470014A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel Francois
Jacqueline Francois
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0462042A1 publication Critical patent/EP0462042A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0245—Pegs or pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0247—Strips or bars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of dry assembly of building elements. It relates to the design of the elements to be assembled, of the connecting members as well as the device for implementing the starting elements in the case of an application of the method to the construction of vertical walls.
  • the invention relates to the technical field of building and incidentally public works.
  • the method according to the invention provides an overall solution to these problems. Its principle consists in uniting the construction elements to be assembled, of substantially parallelepiped shape, by pins engaging in friction in blind holes of conical shape made on the upper and lower faces of these elements; while these rest on two special flexible edge seals. These edge seals are intended for receive the load drops from the construction, absorb the flatness defects of their contact zones, ensure the sealing of the laying bed and possibly allow, by choosing the thickness of one of them, to correct the balance.
  • they can be made from a single slightly compressible material (elastomer for example), in particular if the load drops are low, but more generally from two materials: one elastic (elastomer for example) placed at the periphery of the joint for flatness and sealing defects and the other, very slightly compressible (plastic or metal for example), defined according to the compression constraints of the construction and constituting the core of the joint.
  • one elastic elastomer for example
  • very slightly compressible plastic or metal for example
  • the tightness of the process is completed by flat or lip seals fitting into slides incorporated at the four vertical angles of each element, the length and rigidity of these seals (reinforced if necessary) being such that they are found. tablets on the edge joints when the upper element is installed.
  • the elements may have a trapezoidal section notch at each end of their upper part in order to receive there a wedge-shaped alignment key, the risk of which can be dislodged. avoided by providing it, on top, with an elastic wedge coming into contact with the underside of the upper element.
  • the seal at the vertical angles can be obtained by seals with an elastomer or similar product, of tubular type or with lips (reinforced if necessary) introduced by their heel, before laying the next element, in slides incorporated at the two vertical angles of the same end of each element.
  • an elastomer or similar product of tubular type or with lips (reinforced if necessary) introduced by their heel, before laying the next element, in slides incorporated at the two vertical angles of the same end of each element.
  • the dry assembly process thus described constitutes a tight construction system, with free expansion, in a way pre-cracked and as such liable to undergo relatively large deformations without damage. It can also help design earthquake-resistant construction processes. Its implementation is simple and fast: it does not require any particular know-how, it can take place in very severe climatic conditions, practically without tools and it leads to perfectly clean sites. Finally, it is a removable process, all of whose elements are recoverable.
  • FIG 1 shows, in perspective, the general principle of the process.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 show, in cross-section, three types of two-component edge seals.
  • Figure 5 shows, in longitudinal section, the abutment in whistle and dry edge joints.
  • FIG. 6 represents, in perspective, a tubular-type heel seal engaged in its slide.
  • Figure 7 shows, in schematic section, the principle of the assembly of two elements with heel joints.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show two types of dowels, by axial sections on their housings.
  • Figure 10 shows, in section and perspective, the starting element of a vertical wall (wall with integrated exterior facing), as well as the device for its implementation on a foundation.
  • Figure 11 shows, in perspective, the particular case of the meeting of an element whose height interests several rows of common elements requiring the use of a special sealing tongue.
  • Figure 12 shows, in cross section, a building element of a wall with integrated exterior facing.
  • Figure 13 is a view, from above, of the assembly by tubular heel joints of two elements of a wall with an integrated external facing.
  • FIG. 1 showing the assembly of two common elements (2) on a starting element (1) shows that the method is perfectly applicable to concrete block type elements for the construction of vertical walls of buildings.
  • the spacing between the holes blind (3) and (4) which receive the pins (5) is regular and constitutes the step (p) of the process, the construction thus becoming modular.
  • These pins (5) are full or hollow, with or without a collar (16).
  • Their ends can be conical or pyramidal, but their lower ends, which are placed manually or mechanically in the holes (3) can also be cylindrical.
  • They are made of plastic, metal, wood or any other material, even a composite, and their housings (3) and (4) can be sheathed by sleeves (17) integral with the elements to be assembled.
  • Their number per linear meter and their characteristics are a function of the efforts they will have to undergo by their position in the structure.
  • the edge seals (6) and (7) are preferably two-component (13) and (14) and an adhesive (12), placed during manufacture on their underside, can facilitate installation on the site. They are in principle of great length so as to avoid the connections but these, when they are necessary, are made by abutment in whistle and dry as represented on figure 5; the crushing of the elastic components (13) one on the other providing the desired seal.
  • a clip (26) shown in Figure 11 is optionally added.
  • the plumb of the construction is controlled row by row; any defect in verticality tending to deviate from the tolerances allowed being corrected by choosing for one of the two banks of the zone considered - always the same bank for the purpose of simplification - the thickness of the joint (6) or (7) or the thickness of its core (14) which is suitable.
  • the control can be done very simply by a carpenter's level (cant level) or a leveling or direct reading device whose numbers or colors of the graduation correspond to the same numbers or colors of the joints to be used. In view of the precision currently obtained by manufacturers of building materials, the correction must be limited and require only a limited number of special thicknesses.
  • Alignment keys (9) housed in the notches (8), shown in FIG. 1 and already described, can give the wall an additional solidity, particularly advantageous in the case of half-elements contiguous to an element of great height (case of Figure 11) and having only one pin.
  • the vertical joints are sealed according to the process and its variant, either with flat or lip seals (11) introduced into slides (10), or with tubular or lip heel seals (15), the principle of implementation of which is recalled in FIG. 7.
  • the edge joints (6) and (7) abut on the slides (10) of the element vertical (24) shown in Figure 11 without warranty of tightness; also to remedy it should be placed in the slides (10) a tongue (25) of the same kind as the edge joints (6) or (7), the end of which is cut according to the internal profile of the slides and which join these joints as a whistle, dry and with a clip (26) if necessary.
  • the vertical joints (11) thus stack on each other with the interposition of a tongue (25) at each row of common elements (2) and the assembly is compressed during the installation of the element which covers the vertical element (24).
  • this starting element consists of prefabricated pieces of small thickness (19) and of a length suitable for the subjections of manufacture, handling and expansion. These pieces (19), made of plastic or metal for example, are assembled by pins or clips to pieces of the same profile (20) serving as their covers. These covers (20) are in turn fixed in a removable manner or not to a frame (21) and (22) corresponding to the length of the foundation (18) and perfectly positioning the pieces (19) for their sealing on this foundation.
  • FIG. 10 represents it in the form of a plate adapted to a three-dimensional structure, but this representation is only schematic and this platinum can very well be replaced by the full or perforated sole of a composite beam, for example.
  • Figures 12 and 13 provide an example of the application of the method to the design of a hollow wall element with integrated exterior facing.
  • the edge seal (6) of constant thickness is placed on the side of the external facing (27) so that the intervals between the elements (2) constitute a rigorously regular so-called "sharp joint" device.
  • a suitable covering (28) for use as a drip edge in the lower part, mechanically protects the edge seal (6) and the corresponding vertical seal (15), here of tubular type with heel, from the action of the sun.
  • a rejingot (29) associated with the drip edge in a very conventional manner further guarantees the seal (6).
  • the interior facing of the elements can be provided with the prefabrication of fasteners for fixing the thermal insulation and the lining wall.

Abstract

The invention relates to a free-expansion dry construction method, which is perfectly sealed and particularly well suited for building walls which are load bearing or not. The elements (1) and (2), of substantially parallelepipedal shape, are assembled by means of blind holes (3) and (4) which receive dowels (5) of conical appearance. The elements (1) and (2) rest on each other by means of horizontal flexible pads (6) and (7), one of which has a constant thickness and the other a thickness precalculated as a function of the perpendicularity. Recesses (8) receive an assembly key (9). The sealing of the vertical seals is provided by guide ways (10) into which seals (11) are inserted. The spacing between the holes (3) and (4), when it is regular, forms the repeat distance (pitch) (p) of the method which is then modular. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'assemblage à sec d'éléments de construction. Elle vise la conception des éléments à assembler, des organes de liaison ainsi que le dispositif de mise en oeuvre des éléments de départ dans le cas d'une application du procédé à la construction de parois verticales.The present invention relates to a method of dry assembly of building elements. It relates to the design of the elements to be assembled, of the connecting members as well as the device for implementing the starting elements in the case of an application of the method to the construction of vertical walls.

L'invention se rapporte au domaine technique du bâtiment et accessoirement des travaux publics.The invention relates to the technical field of building and incidentally public works.

L'assemblage des matériaux de construction se fait généralement avec du béton ou du mortier, du plâtre, des colles, de la soudure, des vis, clous, agrafes etc..., qui cherchent à unir solidement les éléments entre eux. A leur achèvement la plupart des ouvrages sont ainsi globalement rigidifiés et parviennent difficilement à supporter ensuite des contraintes inévitables résultant, par exemple, de la dilatation, des vibrations et tassements différentiels. Ils se fissurent fréquemment, alors qu'un assemblage à sec d'éléments de dimensions raisonnables permettrait d'éviter cet inconvénient.The assembly of building materials is generally done with concrete or mortar, plaster, glues, welding, screws, nails, staples etc ..., which seek to solidly join the elements together. On completion, most of the structures are thus generally stiffened and find it difficult to withstand inevitable stresses resulting from, for example, expansion, vibrations and differential settlement. They frequently crack, whereas a dry assembly of elements of reasonable dimensions would avoid this drawback.

Quelques systèmes de préfabrication lourde à liaisons quasi-sèches existent. Nécessitant de gros investissements, ils ne s'appliquent qu'à des commandes importantes et conduisent à une architecture répétitive à expression limitée; aussi ont-ils tendance à disparaître. La conception des bâtiments légers, démontables ou non, fournit bien des exemples d'assemblage à sec, mais ceux-ci intéressent des panneaux minces et ne peuvent être extrapolée à la construction classique. Enfin de nombreux procédés dits "à sec" plus ou moins élaborés, brevetés ou non, mettent en oeuvre des éléments industrialisés assimilables à des parpaings. Mais très souvent, si les éléments sont effectivement disposés ou montés à sec sur le chantier, leur liaison exige ensuite le remplissage de certaines cavités avec un mortier qui, après durcissement, confère à la construction la rigidité qu'il convient d'éviter. Les procédés totalement " à sec " sont rares et ne connaissent aucun succès parce qu'ils ne parviennent pas à résoudre globalement et économiquement les problèmes de stabilité, d'aplomb, d'étanchéité à l'air et à la pluie et de libre expression architecturale.Some heavy prefabrication systems with quasi-dry connections exist. Requiring large investments, they only apply to large orders and lead to a repetitive architecture with limited expression; therefore they tend to disappear. The design of light buildings, demountable or not, provides many examples of dry assembly, but these relate to thin panels and cannot be extrapolated to conventional construction. Finally, many so-called "dry" processes, more or less developed, patented or not, use industrialized elements comparable to concrete blocks. But very often, if the elements are actually disposed or mounted dry on the site, their connection then requires the filling of certain cavities with a mortar which, after hardening, gives the construction the rigidity which should be avoided. Totally "dry" processes are rare and have no success because they fail to solve globally and economically the problems of stability, balance, air and rain tightness and free expression. architectural.

Le procédé selon l'invention apporte une solution d'ensemble à ces problèmes. Son principe consiste à unir les éléments de construction à assembler, de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, par des chevilles s'engageant à frottement dans des trous borgnes d'allure conique pratiqués sur les faces supérieures et inférieures de ces éléments; alors que ceux-ci reposent sur deux joints de rive souples spéciaux. Ces joints de rive sont destinés à recevoir les descentes de charges de la construction, à absorber les défauts de planéité de leurs zones de contact, à assurer l'étanchéité du lit de pose et à permettre éventuellement, par le choix de l'épaisseur de l'un d'eux, de corriger l'aplomb. A cet effet ils peuvent être réalisés à partir d'un matériau unique légèrement compressible (élastomère par exemple), notamment si les descentes de charges sont faibles, mais plus généralement à partir de deux matériaux : l'un élastique (élastomère par exemple) placé à la périphérie du joint pour les défauts de planéité et l'étanchéité et l'autre, très peu compressible (plastique ou métal par exemple), défini en fonction des contraintes de compression de la construction et constituant l'âme du joint.The method according to the invention provides an overall solution to these problems. Its principle consists in uniting the construction elements to be assembled, of substantially parallelepiped shape, by pins engaging in friction in blind holes of conical shape made on the upper and lower faces of these elements; while these rest on two special flexible edge seals. These edge seals are intended for receive the load drops from the construction, absorb the flatness defects of their contact zones, ensure the sealing of the laying bed and possibly allow, by choosing the thickness of one of them, to correct the balance. To this end, they can be made from a single slightly compressible material (elastomer for example), in particular if the load drops are low, but more generally from two materials: one elastic (elastomer for example) placed at the periphery of the joint for flatness and sealing defects and the other, very slightly compressible (plastic or metal for example), defined according to the compression constraints of the construction and constituting the core of the joint.

L'étanchéité du procédé est complétée par des joints plats ou à lèvres s'insérant dans des glissières incorporées aux quatre angles verticaux de chaque élément, la longueur et la rigidité de ces joints (armés au besoin) étant telles que ceux-ci se trouvent comprimés sur les joints de rive lorsque l'élément supérieur est posé. Enfin, de manière à parfaire la solidité de la construction, les éléments peuvent posséder une encoche de section trapézoïdale à chaque extrémité de leur partie supérieure afin d'y recevoir une clé d'alignement en forme de coin, dont le risque de déboîtement peut être évité en le munissant, sur le dessus, d'une cale élastique venant au contact de la sous-face de l'élément supérieur.The tightness of the process is completed by flat or lip seals fitting into slides incorporated at the four vertical angles of each element, the length and rigidity of these seals (reinforced if necessary) being such that they are found. tablets on the edge joints when the upper element is installed. Finally, in order to perfect the solidity of the construction, the elements may have a trapezoidal section notch at each end of their upper part in order to receive there a wedge-shaped alignment key, the risk of which can be dislodged. avoided by providing it, on top, with an elastic wedge coming into contact with the underside of the upper element.

Selon une variante, l'étanchéité aux angles verticaux peut être obtenue par des joints à talon en élastomère ou produit similaire, de type tubulaire ou à lèvres (armés au besoin) introduits par leur talon, avant pose de l'élément suivant, dans des glissières incorporées aux deux angles verticaux de la même extrémité de chaque élément. Lors de la pose de l'élément suivant la face latérale de celui-ci, non munie de glissières, entre en contact avec la partie tubulaire ou les lèvres des deux joints, les presse sur leur glissière au fur et à mesure que l'élément s'encastre dans les chevilles et ceci de plus en plus fort du fait de leur conicité. Simultanément les joints, en raison des forces de frottement, sont entraînés vers le bas dans leur glissière et s'appliquent fermement sur les joints de rive inférieurs. Comme dans la version de base la longueur et la rigidité des joints à talon sont déterminées de manière à obtenir un bon contact sur les joints de rive supérieurs. Avec cette variante - qui introduit dans le procédé un sens obligatoire de pose mais qui n'exige que deux glissières par élément - il est toutefois nécessaire, à certains points particuliers d'un ouvrage, d'utiliser des éléments à quatre glissières du procédé de base, par exemple pour réunir les deux extrémités d'un rang horizontal ou à la rencontre d'un élément dont la hauteur intéresse plusieurs rangs d'éléments courants.According to a variant, the seal at the vertical angles can be obtained by seals with an elastomer or similar product, of tubular type or with lips (reinforced if necessary) introduced by their heel, before laying the next element, in slides incorporated at the two vertical angles of the same end of each element. When installing the element along the side face of it, not provided with slides, comes into contact with the tubular part or the lips of the two seals, press them on their slide as the element embedded in the ankles and this stronger and stronger because of their taper. At the same time the seals, due to the friction forces, are drawn down into their slide and are applied firmly to the lower edge seals. As in the basic version, the length and stiffness of the heel joints are determined so as to obtain good contact on the upper edge joints. With this variant - which introduces into the process an obligatory direction of installation but which requires only two slides per element - it is however necessary, at certain particular points of a work, to use elements with four slides of the basic method, for example to join the two ends of a horizontal row or to meet an element whose height interests several rows of common elements.

Le procédé d'assemblage à sec ainsi décrit constitue un système constructif étanche, à libre dilatation, en quelque sorte préfissuré et à ce titre susceptible de subir sans dommage des déformations relativement importantes. Il peut aussi concourir à la conception de procédés de construction parasismiques. Sa mise en oeuvre est simple et rapide : elle ne requiert aucun savoir-faire particulier, elle peut avoir lieu dans des conditions climatiques très sévères, pratiquement sans outillage et elle conduit à des chantiers parfaitement propres. Il s'agit enfin d'un procédé démontable, dont tous les éléments sont récupérables.The dry assembly process thus described constitutes a tight construction system, with free expansion, in a way pre-cracked and as such liable to undergo relatively large deformations without damage. It can also help design earthquake-resistant construction processes. Its implementation is simple and fast: it does not require any particular know-how, it can take place in very severe climatic conditions, practically without tools and it leads to perfectly clean sites. Finally, it is a removable process, all of whose elements are recoverable.

La figure 1 représente, en perspective, le principe général du procédé.Figure 1 shows, in perspective, the general principle of the process.

Les figures 2, 3 et 4 représentent, en coupes transversales, trois types de joints de rive à deux composants.Figures 2, 3 and 4 show, in cross-section, three types of two-component edge seals.

La figure 5 représente, en coupe longitudinale, l'aboutement en sifflet et à sec des joints de rive.Figure 5 shows, in longitudinal section, the abutment in whistle and dry edge joints.

La figure 6 représente, en perspective, un joint d'étanchéité à talon de type tubulaire engagé dans sa glissière.FIG. 6 represents, in perspective, a tubular-type heel seal engaged in its slide.

La figure 7 représente, en coupe schématique, le principe de l'assemblage de deux éléments avec des joints à talon.Figure 7 shows, in schematic section, the principle of the assembly of two elements with heel joints.

Les figures 8 et 9 représentent deux types de chevilles, par des coupes axiales sur leurs logements.Figures 8 and 9 show two types of dowels, by axial sections on their housings.

La figure 10 représente, en coupe et perspective, l'élément de départ d'une paroi verticale (mur à parement extérieur intégré), ainsi que le dispositif de sa mise en oeuvre sur une fondation.Figure 10 shows, in section and perspective, the starting element of a vertical wall (wall with integrated exterior facing), as well as the device for its implementation on a foundation.

La figure 11 représente, en perspective, le cas particulier de la rencontre d'un élément dont la hauteur intéresse plusieurs rangs d'éléments courants nécessitant l'emploi d'une languette spéciale d'étanchéité.Figure 11 shows, in perspective, the particular case of the meeting of an element whose height interests several rows of common elements requiring the use of a special sealing tongue.

La figure 12 représente, en coupe transversale, un élément de construction d'un mur à parement extérieur intégré.Figure 12 shows, in cross section, a building element of a wall with integrated exterior facing.

La figure 13 est une vue, par le dessus, de l'assemblage par joints tubulaires à talon de deux éléments d'un mur à parement extérieur intégré.Figure 13 is a view, from above, of the assembly by tubular heel joints of two elements of a wall with an integrated external facing.

L'examen de la figure 1 montrant l'assemblage de deux éléments courants (2) sur un élément de départ (1) permet de constater que le procédé s'applique parfaitement à des éléments de type parpaings pour l'édification de parois verticales de bâtiments. Dans ce cas l'espacement entre les trous borgnes (3) et (4) qui reçoivent les chevilles (5) est régulier et constitue le pas (p) du procédé, la construction devenant ainsi modulaire. Ces chevilles (5) sont pleines ou creuses, avec ou sans collerette (16). Leurs extrémités peuvent être d'allure conique ou pyramidale, mais leurs extrémités inférieures, qui se placent manuellement ou mécaniquement dans les trous (3) peuvent aussi être d'allure cylindrique. Elles sont en matière plastique, en métal, en bois ou tout autre matériau, même composite et leurs logements (3) et (4) peuvent être gainés par des fourreaux (17) solidaires des éléments à assembler. Leur nombre au mètre linéaire et leurs caractéristiques sont fonction des efforts qu'elles auront à subir de par leur position dans l'ouvrage.Examination of FIG. 1 showing the assembly of two common elements (2) on a starting element (1) shows that the method is perfectly applicable to concrete block type elements for the construction of vertical walls of buildings. In this case the spacing between the holes blind (3) and (4) which receive the pins (5) is regular and constitutes the step (p) of the process, the construction thus becoming modular. These pins (5) are full or hollow, with or without a collar (16). Their ends can be conical or pyramidal, but their lower ends, which are placed manually or mechanically in the holes (3) can also be cylindrical. They are made of plastic, metal, wood or any other material, even a composite, and their housings (3) and (4) can be sheathed by sleeves (17) integral with the elements to be assembled. Their number per linear meter and their characteristics are a function of the efforts they will have to undergo by their position in the structure.

Les joints de rive (6) et (7) sont de préférence à deux composants (13) et (14) et un adhésif (12), placé à la fabrication sur leur face inférieure, peut faciliter la pose sur le chantier. Ils sont en principe de grande longueur de manière à éviter les raccords mais ceux-ci, lorsqu'ils sont nécessaires, se font par aboutement en sifflet et à sec comme représenté sur la figure 5; l'écrasement des composants élastiques (13) l'un sur l'autre fournissant l'étanchéité recherchée. Une agrafe (26) représentée sur la figure 11 est ajoutée éventuellement.The edge seals (6) and (7) are preferably two-component (13) and (14) and an adhesive (12), placed during manufacture on their underside, can facilitate installation on the site. They are in principle of great length so as to avoid the connections but these, when they are necessary, are made by abutment in whistle and dry as represented on figure 5; the crushing of the elastic components (13) one on the other providing the desired seal. A clip (26) shown in Figure 11 is optionally added.

En cours de montage l'aplomb de la construction est contrôlé rang par rang; tout défaut de verticalité tendant à s'écarter des tolérances admises étant corrigé en choisissant pour l'une des deux rives de la zone considérée - toujours la même rive dans un but de simplification - l'épaisseur du joint (6) ou (7) ou l'épaisseur de son âme (14) qui convient. Le contrôle peut se faire très simplement par un niveau de charpentier (niveau de dévers) ou un appareil à nivelle ou à lecture directe dont les chiffres ou les couleurs de la graduation correspondent aux mêmes chiffres ou couleurs des joints à employer. Compte tenu de la précision obtenue actuellement par les fabricants de matériaux de construction, la correction doit être limitée et n'exiger qu'un nombre restreint d'épaisseurs spéciales.During assembly the plumb of the construction is controlled row by row; any defect in verticality tending to deviate from the tolerances allowed being corrected by choosing for one of the two banks of the zone considered - always the same bank for the purpose of simplification - the thickness of the joint (6) or (7) or the thickness of its core (14) which is suitable. The control can be done very simply by a carpenter's level (cant level) or a leveling or direct reading device whose numbers or colors of the graduation correspond to the same numbers or colors of the joints to be used. In view of the precision currently obtained by manufacturers of building materials, the correction must be limited and require only a limited number of special thicknesses.

Des clés d'alignement (9) logées dans les encoches (8), représentées sur la figure 1 et déjà décrites, peuvent conférer à la paroi une solidité supplémentaire, particulièrement intéressante dans le cas de demi-éléments contigus à un élément de grande hauteur (cas de la figure 11) et ne comportant qu'une seule cheville.Alignment keys (9) housed in the notches (8), shown in FIG. 1 and already described, can give the wall an additional solidity, particularly advantageous in the case of half-elements contiguous to an element of great height (case of Figure 11) and having only one pin.

L'étanchéité des joints verticaux se fait, selon le procédé et sa variante, soit avec des joints plats ou à lèvres (11) introduits dans des glissières (10), soit avec des joints à talon (15) tubulaires ou à lèvres, dont le principe de mise en oeuvre est rappelé par la figure 7. Lorsque la paroi à édifier comporte des éléments verticaux intéressant plusieurs rangs d'éléments courants (cas d'un encadrement de baie, par exemple), les joints de rive (6) et (7) butent sur les glissières (10) de l'élément vertical (24) représenté sur la figure 11 sans garantie d'étanchéité; aussi pour y remédier convient-il de placer dans les glissières (10) une languette (25) de même nature que les joints de rive (6) ou (7), dont l'extrémité est découpée selon le profil intérieur des glissières et qui s'aboute à ces joints en sifflet, à sec et avec une agrafe (26) au besoin. Les joints verticaux (11) s'empilent ainsi les uns sur les autres avec l'interposition d'une languette (25) à chaque rangée d'éléments courants (2) et l'ensemble se trouve comprimé lors de la pose de l'élément qui coiffe l'élément vertical (24).The vertical joints are sealed according to the process and its variant, either with flat or lip seals (11) introduced into slides (10), or with tubular or lip heel seals (15), the principle of implementation of which is recalled in FIG. 7. When the wall to be built has vertical elements of interest to several rows of common elements (in the case of a bay frame, for example), the edge joints (6) and (7) abut on the slides (10) of the element vertical (24) shown in Figure 11 without warranty of tightness; also to remedy it should be placed in the slides (10) a tongue (25) of the same kind as the edge joints (6) or (7), the end of which is cut according to the internal profile of the slides and which join these joints as a whistle, dry and with a clip (26) if necessary. The vertical joints (11) thus stack on each other with the interposition of a tongue (25) at each row of common elements (2) and the assembly is compressed during the installation of the element which covers the vertical element (24).

Enfin, pour la construction d'une paroi verticale, il est indispensable, comme indiqué d'une manière simplifiée sur la figure 1, de disposer d'un élément de départ (1) solidaire de la fondation et matérialisant avec précision le pas (p) choisi. Selon la figure 10 cet élément de départ est constitué de morceaux préfabriqués de faible épaisseur (19) et d'une longueur appropriée aux sujétions de fabrication, manutention et dilatation. Ces morceaux (19), en matière plastique ou métal par exemple, sont assemblés par tétons ou clips à des pièces de même profil (20) leur servant de couvercles. Ces couvercles (20) sont à leur tour fixés d'une manière démontable ou non à un bâti (21) et (22) correspondant à la longueur de la fondation (18) et positionnant parfaitement les morceaux (19) pour leur scellement sur cette fondation. Le produit de scellement (23) est placé avant ou après calage du bâti et lorsque sa prise est suffisante le simple relevage du bâti laisse en place les éléments (19) avec ou sans leurs couvercles (20), selon le cas choisi; les couvercles permettant de protéger la zone de départ en attendant la poursuite de la construction. Il est à noter que la pièce (21) sur laquelle sont fixés les couvercles peut faire partie du bâti : la figure 10 la représente sous la forme d'une platine adaptée à une structure tridimensionnelle, mais cette représentation n'est que schématique et cette platine peut fort bien être remplacée par la semelle pleine ou ajourée d'une poutre composée, par exemple.Finally, for the construction of a vertical wall, it is essential, as indicated in a simplified manner in FIG. 1, to have a starting element (1) integral with the foundation and precisely materializing the pitch (p ) chosen. According to FIG. 10, this starting element consists of prefabricated pieces of small thickness (19) and of a length suitable for the subjections of manufacture, handling and expansion. These pieces (19), made of plastic or metal for example, are assembled by pins or clips to pieces of the same profile (20) serving as their covers. These covers (20) are in turn fixed in a removable manner or not to a frame (21) and (22) corresponding to the length of the foundation (18) and perfectly positioning the pieces (19) for their sealing on this foundation. The sealant (23) is placed before or after wedging the frame and when its grip is sufficient, the simple lifting of the frame leaves the elements (19) in place with or without their covers (20), as the case may be; covers to protect the starting area while waiting for construction to continue. It should be noted that the part (21) on which the covers are fixed may be part of the frame: FIG. 10 represents it in the form of a plate adapted to a three-dimensional structure, but this representation is only schematic and this platinum can very well be replaced by the full or perforated sole of a composite beam, for example.

A partir de cet élément de base ainsi intégré à la fondation, la pose des éléments se fait très simplement, de préférence avec une grue légère à montage rapide. L'ajustage des chevilles dans leurs logements est tel que le poids de chaque élément suffit à un bon emboîtement, sans effort supplémentaire. Toutes les autres opérations se font manuellement, sans difficulté.From this basic element thus integrated into the foundation, the installation of elements are done very simply, preferably with a light crane with quick assembly. The adjustment of the pins in their housings is such that the weight of each element is sufficient for a good fit, without additional effort. All other operations are done manually, without difficulty.

Les applications industrielles de l'invention sont nombreuses. Aux parois verticales il convient de rattacher tous les types de murs de bâtiment ou de génie civil, porteurs ou non, à isolation intégrée ou non, à parement intégré ou non, les murs de clôture, de quais, les parois de silos etc... Mais les parois horizontales peuvent également être intéressées, car le procédé s'applique, par exemple à l'assemblage de hourdis porteurs sur poutrelles pour constituer des planchers à sec, de même qu'à l'assemblage des solives, poutres, pannes etc... entre elles ou au niveau de leurs appuis. Cette énumération ne saurait être limitative.The industrial applications of the invention are numerous. All types of building or civil engineering walls, load bearing or not, with integrated insulation or not, with integrated facing or not, enclosure walls, quays, silo walls, etc. should be attached to the vertical walls. But the horizontal walls can also be interested, because the process applies, for example to the assembly of load-bearing slabs on beams to constitute dry floors, as well as to the assembly of joists, beams, purlins etc. ... between them or at the level of their supports. This list cannot be limiting.

Les figures 12 et 13 fournissent un exemple de l'application du procédé à la conception d'un élément de mur creux à parement extérieur intégré. Dans ce cas, le joint de rive (6) à épaisseur constante est placé du côté du parement extérieur (27) de manière à ce que les intervalles entre les éléments (2) constituent un appareil dit " à joints vifs " rigoureusement régulier. Un recouvrement approprié (28), à usage de larmier en partie basse, protège mécaniquement et de l'action du soleil le joint de rive (6) ainsi que le joint vertical correspondant (15), ici de type tubulaire à talon. Un rejingot (29) associé au larmier d'une manière très classique garantit encore davantage le joint (6). Enfin le parement intérieur des éléments peut être muni à la préfabrication des attaches de fixation de l'isolant thermique et de la paroi de doublage.Figures 12 and 13 provide an example of the application of the method to the design of a hollow wall element with integrated exterior facing. In this case, the edge seal (6) of constant thickness is placed on the side of the external facing (27) so that the intervals between the elements (2) constitute a rigorously regular so-called "sharp joint" device. A suitable covering (28), for use as a drip edge in the lower part, mechanically protects the edge seal (6) and the corresponding vertical seal (15), here of tubular type with heel, from the action of the sun. A rejingot (29) associated with the drip edge in a very conventional manner further guarantees the seal (6). Finally, the interior facing of the elements can be provided with the prefabrication of fasteners for fixing the thermal insulation and the lining wall.

Claims (9)

1) Procédé d'assemblage à sec d'éléments de construction de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, caractérisé en ce que les éléments sont reliés entre eux par des chevilles (5) s'engageant à frottement dans des trous borgnes d'allure conique (3) et (4) pratiqués sur les faces supérieures des éléments de départ (1) et sur les faces supérieures et inférieures des éléments courants (2), et en ce que les éléments (2) reposent sur deux joints de rive souples, légèrement compressibles (6) et (7), comportant éventuellement un adhésif (12) pour en faciliter la pose et s'aboutant en sifflet, à sec et avec une agrafe (26) au besoin. 1) A method of dry assembly of building elements of substantially parallelepiped shape, characterized in that the elements are interconnected by dowels (5) engaging in friction in blind holes of conical appearance (3) and (4) formed on the upper faces of the starting elements (1) and on the upper and lower faces of the current elements (2), and in that the elements (2) rest on two flexible, slightly compressible edge seals ( 6) and (7), optionally comprising an adhesive (12) to facilitate installation and blowing into a whistle, dry and with a staple (26) if necessary. 2) Procédé d'assemblage à sec selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les joints souples de rive (6) et (7) sont à deux composants, l'un élastique (13), en contact direct avec les éléments à assembler et l'autre très peu compressible constituant l'âme du joint (14). 2) dry assembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible edge joints (6) and (7) are two components, one elastic (13), in direct contact with the elements to be assembled and the other very little compressible constituting the core of the seal (14). 3) Procédé d'assemblage à sec selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de l'un des deux joints (6) ou (7), ou de l'épaisseur de l'âme (14) de l'un des deux joints (6) ou (7) est choisie, lors de la pose de ce joint, en fonction de l'aplomb des éléments de départ (1) ou de l'aplomb du rang d'éléments courants (2) déjà en place. 3) dry assembly method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the thickness of one of the two seals (6) or (7), or the thickness of the core (14) of one of the two seals (6) or (7) is chosen, during the installation of this seal, as a function of the plumb of the starting elements (1) or the plumb of the row of current elements (2 ) already in place. 4) Procédé d'assemblage à sec selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments courants (2) possèdent une encoche (8) à chaque extrémité de leur partie supérieure afin d'y recevoir une clé d'alignement en forme de coin (9), éventuellement munie d'une cale élastique sur le dessus. 4) dry assembly method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current elements (2) have a notch (8) at each end of their upper part in order to receive an alignment key wedge-shaped (9), possibly provided with an elastic wedge on the top. 5) Procédé d'assemblage à sec selon l'une quelconque des revendidations précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments courants (2) sont pourvus d'une glissière (10) à chacun de leurs quatre angles verticaux dans laquelle, après leur pose, est introduit un joint d'étanchéité plat (11) ou à lèvres, armé ou non et d'une longueur légèrement supérieure à celle de la glissière (10). 5) A method of dry assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current elements (2) are provided with a slide (10) at each of their four vertical angles in which, after their installation, is introduced a flat seal (11) or lip seal, reinforced or not and of a length slightly greater than that of the slide (10). 6) Procédé d'assemblage à sec selon l'une quelconque des ravendications 1 à 4, constituant une variante de la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les éléments courants (2) sont pourvus d'une glissière (10), aux deux angles verticaux de l'une de leurs extrémités, dans laquelle est introduit, avant la pose de l'élément suivant, un joint d'étanchéité à talon (15) en élastomère ou produit similaire, armé ou non, de type tubulaire ou à lèvres et d'une longueur légèrement supérieure à celle de la glissière (10). 6) dry assembly method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, constituting a variant of the preceding claim, characterized in that the current elements (2) are provided with a slide (10), at the two vertical angles of one of their ends, into which is introduced, before the installation of the next element, a seal with heel (15) of elastomer or similar product, reinforced or not, of tubular or lip type and of a length slightly greater than that of the slide (10). 7) Procédé d'asssmblage à sec, selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les chevilles (5) peuvent être pleines ou creuses, avec ou sans collerette (16), que leurs extrémités peuvent être d'allure conique ou pyramidale, que leurs extrémités inférieures peuvent être cylindriques, qu'elles peuvent être en matière plastique, en métal, en bois ou tout autre matériau, même composite, que leurs logements (3) et (4) peuvent être gainés par des fourreaux (17) solidaires des éléments à assembler. 7) dry assembly method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pins (5) can be solid or hollow, with or without flange (16), that their ends can be of conical appearance or pyramidal, that their lower ends can be cylindrical, that they can be made of plastic, metal, wood or any other material, even composite, that their housings (3) and (4) can be sheathed by sleeves ( 17) integral with the elements to be assembled. 8) Elément de départ avec son dispositif de mise en oeuvre dans le cadre d'une application du procédé à la construction de parois verticales, selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que cet élément (1) à fixer sur la fondation (18) est constitué de morceaux préfabriqués de faible épaisseur (19) assemblés par tétons ou clips sur une pièce de même profil (20), formant couvercle de ces morceaux (19), elle-même fixée d'une manière démontable ou non à un bâti (21) et (22) permettant le calage parfait de l'élément avant ou pendant son scellement sur la fondation. 8) Starting element with its implementing device within the framework of an application of the method to the construction of vertical walls, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this element (1) to be fixed on the foundation (18) consists of prefabricated pieces of small thickness (19) assembled by nipples or clips on a piece of the same profile (20), forming a cover for these pieces (19), itself fixed in a removable manner or not to a frame (21) and (22) allowing the perfect wedging of the element before or during its sealing on the foundation. 9) Dispositif, selon les revendications 5 ou 6, pour assurer l'étanchéité dans le cas où le joint de rive vient à butée sur une glissière, caractérisé par une languette (25) de même nature que les joints de rive (6) ou (7), dont l'extrémité est découpée selon le profil intérieur de la glissière (10) et qui s'aboute au joint (6) ou (7) en sifflet, à sec et avec une agrafe (26) au besoin. 9) Device according to claims 5 or 6, for sealing in the case where the edge seal abuts on a slide, characterized by a tongue (25) of the same nature as the edge seals (6) or (7), the end of which is cut according to the internal profile of the slide (10) and which is joined to the joint (6) or (7) as a whistle, dry and with a staple (26) if necessary.
EP91470014A 1990-06-12 1991-06-06 Method for dry assembly of building-blocks Pending EP0462042A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9007468A FR2663064B1 (en) 1990-06-12 1990-06-12 METHOD OF DRY ASSEMBLY OF CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS.
FR9007468 1990-06-12

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Cited By (7)

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US5225692A (en) * 1991-03-27 1993-07-06 Fujitsu Limited Non-linear quantum semiconductor optical device having a signal-to-noise ratio
WO1997013933A1 (en) * 1995-10-10 1997-04-17 Rune Johansson Securing device
EP0775784A1 (en) * 1995-11-25 1997-05-28 Fingerling, Karl-Heinz Heat insulating wall, method of construction of such wall and heat insulating block
GB2350129A (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-11-22 Graham George Pearcy Wooden building block with pegs/dowels for connection
GB2363807A (en) * 2000-07-24 2002-01-09 Norman Fawcett Dowel and block wall construction
EP1361311A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-11-12 Vitor Manuel Da Silva Povoas Construction system with anti-seismic behaviour
US9376648B2 (en) 2008-04-07 2016-06-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Foam manipulation compositions containing fine particles

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DE19616622B4 (en) * 1996-04-25 2006-04-13 Sf-Kooperation Gmbh Beton-Konzepte Kit for creating retaining walls

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US2687034A (en) * 1950-08-08 1954-08-24 Blanc Samuel Interlocking building unit and hollow wall construction
US3791090A (en) * 1971-12-30 1974-02-12 A Kniefel Building block
FR2456176A1 (en) * 1979-05-11 1980-12-05 Gtm Gatiment Travaux Publics Building block made from cellular plaster or clay - has rectangular tongue and groove jointing, exterior weather-proof rendering and holes to reduce weight
FR2459333A1 (en) * 1979-06-15 1981-01-09 Fortune Gerard Prefabricated concrete construction brick for walls - has cast natural stone facing and recess to retain guide beam
EP0052082A1 (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-19 KEYBRICK SYSTEM S.r.l. Building construction system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2687034A (en) * 1950-08-08 1954-08-24 Blanc Samuel Interlocking building unit and hollow wall construction
US3791090A (en) * 1971-12-30 1974-02-12 A Kniefel Building block
FR2456176A1 (en) * 1979-05-11 1980-12-05 Gtm Gatiment Travaux Publics Building block made from cellular plaster or clay - has rectangular tongue and groove jointing, exterior weather-proof rendering and holes to reduce weight
FR2459333A1 (en) * 1979-06-15 1981-01-09 Fortune Gerard Prefabricated concrete construction brick for walls - has cast natural stone facing and recess to retain guide beam
EP0052082A1 (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-19 KEYBRICK SYSTEM S.r.l. Building construction system

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5225692A (en) * 1991-03-27 1993-07-06 Fujitsu Limited Non-linear quantum semiconductor optical device having a signal-to-noise ratio
WO1997013933A1 (en) * 1995-10-10 1997-04-17 Rune Johansson Securing device
EP0775784A1 (en) * 1995-11-25 1997-05-28 Fingerling, Karl-Heinz Heat insulating wall, method of construction of such wall and heat insulating block
GB2350129A (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-11-22 Graham George Pearcy Wooden building block with pegs/dowels for connection
GB2363807A (en) * 2000-07-24 2002-01-09 Norman Fawcett Dowel and block wall construction
GB2363807B (en) * 2000-07-24 2004-05-26 Norman Fawcett Block construction
EP1361311A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-11-12 Vitor Manuel Da Silva Povoas Construction system with anti-seismic behaviour
US9376648B2 (en) 2008-04-07 2016-06-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Foam manipulation compositions containing fine particles

Also Published As

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FR2663064A1 (en) 1991-12-13
FR2663064B1 (en) 1992-10-02

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