EP0461866B1 - Ultrafeines sphärisches Nickelpulver sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents
Ultrafeines sphärisches Nickelpulver sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0461866B1 EP0461866B1 EP91305280A EP91305280A EP0461866B1 EP 0461866 B1 EP0461866 B1 EP 0461866B1 EP 91305280 A EP91305280 A EP 91305280A EP 91305280 A EP91305280 A EP 91305280A EP 0461866 B1 EP0461866 B1 EP 0461866B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- powder
- particles
- particle size
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/28—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from gaseous metal compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to a high-purity ultrafine spherical powder of nickel suitable for making a conductive paste filler for use in electronic parts or the like.
- the invention also relates to a novel method of making the new nickel powder.
- Ultrafine metallic powders according to this invention consist of spherical particles having limited dispersion of particle size, i.e. having an average particle size in the range of 0.1 to several microns.
- particle size is intended to mean the average diameter determined by the specific surface area of the particles.
- Ultrafine metallic powders according to this invention have improved paste properties and, when used to form conductors in an electronic circuit, enable formation of fine conductor patterns and also enable reduction in the thicknesses of conductor layers. Such powders are therefore in much demand.
- Laminated ceramic capacitors used as electronic circuit components are generally manufactured in such a manner that layers of ceramic dielectric are alternately layered with internal electrodes and the resulting layered structure is pressed and fired so as to be integrally combined.
- a precious metal such as Pt or Pd which does not melt at the temperature at which the dielectric ceramic is sintered, and which is not oxidized by firing in an atmosphere having a high oxygen partial pressure which does not decompose or reduce the dielectric ceramic.
- Pt or Pd a precious metal which does not melt at the temperature at which the dielectric ceramic is sintered, and which is not oxidized by firing in an atmosphere having a high oxygen partial pressure which does not decompose or reduce the dielectric ceramic.
- a ceramic which enables use of a base metal as the internal electrodes.
- the ceramic is not changed into a semi-conductor by firing in an atmosphere of low oxygen partial pressure or in a reducing atmosphere, in order to maintain the metallic state of the base metal and the ceramic has excellent dielectric characteristics and a specific resistance which is sufficient for use as a dielectric for capacitors.
- the thickness of the internal electrode is limited by the particle size of the filler used in the paste. This thickness cannot be smaller than the particle size itself. Accordingly, a filler powder having a smaller particle size may be used to afford reduction of thickness. However, there is a practical limit to the available extent of reduction of particle size, because the filling properties of the filler deteriorate if the particles are too small.
- a method of manufacturing an ultrafine nickel powder is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No.59-7765.
- Nuclei of the metal generated in interface unstable regions are grown to form ultrafine particles by controlling differences between the flow rates of a metal halide gas and a reducing gas and by utilizing the difference between the specific gravities of the gases to form an ultrafine nickel powder.
- particles having a crystal habit such as a cubic shape are formed into a nickel powder.
- Such particles while less expensive than precious metal powders, cause a problem of filling when the powder is used as a paste filler.
- a similar method of obtaining an ultrafine nickel powder utilizes a vapor phase hydrogen reduction reaction of nickel chloride.
- Such method is disclosed in the thesis "Manufacture of ultrafine particles of nickel, cobalt or iron by vapor phase hydrogen reduction of chloride” (Nihon Kagaku Kaishi, 1984, (6), pp 869 to 878) authored by Kenichi Ohtsuka et al.
- reaction is effected at a temperature of 750 to 950°C and a chloride vapor density of 0.02 or lower to obtain an ultrafine powder having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or smaller.
- This method also entails a serious problem because of formation of particles having undesirable crystal habits.
- Japanese Patent Publication No.2-49364 discloses a method in which a reducing agent such as sodium boron hydride is added to an aqueous solution containing nickel ions to reduce and precipitate nickel.
- This method entails problems including a need for various reducing agents, complicated manufacturing conditions, and a need to use an expensive high-purity reducing agent for obtaining a high-purity product.
- This reducing precipitation method uses a batch type process which is difficult to practise as a continuous process.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos.62-63604 and 62-188709 disclose methods for manufacturing powders of copper and silver. According to these methods a metal halide is vaporized, the vapor of the metal halide is supplied to a reaction section by its vapor pressure or by an inert gas carrier, and the metal halide vapor and a reducing gas (such as hydrogen gas) are brought into contact and mixed with each other in the reaction section. Particles of the metal are thereby immediately reduced and separated out in the gas and are discharged through an outlet together with the gas. It is thus possible to continuously supply the raw-material metal halide and to continuously collect the formed powder.
- a metal halide is vaporized, the vapor of the metal halide is supplied to a reaction section by its vapor pressure or by an inert gas carrier, and the metal halide vapor and a reducing gas (such as hydrogen gas) are brought into contact and mixed with each other in the reaction section. Particles of the metal are thereby immediately reduced and separated out in
- nickel powders formed by conventional methods include particles having cubic, octahedral and other crystal habits, which crystal habits create a major problem in terms of filling when the powder is used as a paste filler.
- an object of the present invention is to provide, at a low cost, an ultrafine high-purity nickel powder consisting of spherical particles having a particle size of 0.05 to 3 ⁇ m, having a high filler density, and useful as a filler.
- Another object is to provide a novel ultrafine high-purity nickel powder overcoming the problems of the prior art and highly useful as a filler for electronic parts.
- an ultra-fine nickel powder characterised in that the powder comprises substantially spherical particles having a particle size in the range of from 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m and comprising not less than about 99.5% of nickel.
- a laminated ceramic capacitor including as a filling material a fired paste, wherein the paste is formed from powder comprising substantially spherical particles having a particle size in the range of from 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m and a purity of not less than 99.5%.
- nickel chloride vapor which may be diluted with inert gas, such as argon, is brought into contact with and mixed with hydrogen and is reacted.
- ultrafine nickel powder thereby formed passes through a cooling section together with the resulting gas and is thereafter collected.
- a remarkable phenomenon is believed to take place in nickel particles in this process. It is believed that when the nickel chloride and the reducing gas are brought into reactive contact with each other, atoms of the resulting nickel or clusters of a monomer are generated, and that ultrafine nickel particles are formed by collision and coalescence of the monomer. The nickel particles are believed to grow by further collision and coalescence.
- ultrafine powders of copper or silver are not to be compared to nickel because they normally consist of spherical particles.
- nickel powders generally consist of polyhedral particles. With respect to the comparatively large particle sizes, the proportion of surface energy to internal energy is reduced so that the powder tends to develop and possess undesirable crystal habits.
- particles having distinct cubic or octahedral crystal habits strongly tend to be formed if the particle size is greater than 0.1 ⁇ m. Therefore, it is surprising that the method of this invention is capable of producing a finely divided nickel powder having substantially completely spherical particles even when the particle size is substantially greater than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- a substantially completely spherical powder can be obtained by reacting the nickel chloride with hydrogen if the nickel chloride vapor density (partial pressure in the supplied gas except for hydrogen) is in the range of 0.05 to 0.3, and if the reaction/powder generation temperature is within a range from 0.74 times as high as the melting point of nickel (1,726K) in terms of absolute temperature to the nickel melting point, i.e., a range of 1,004°C (1,277K) to 1,453°C (1,726K).
- the present invention has been achieved based on this finding.
- the nickel chloride vapor density in the supplied gas is 0.06 to 0.15.
- reaction temperature is lower than 1,004°C, crystal habit particles are mixed and the reaction rate is reduced.
- the upper limit of the reaction temperature is, preferably, equal to or lower than about the melting point of nickel, i.e., 1,453°C (1,726K). If the reaction temperature is substantially higher than the melting point, generated particles exist in a liquid state, so that the probability of particles growing to a very large size is high, the particle size distribution is extended, and the amount of nickel attached to the reactor wall is increased.
- reaction temperature is 1,010°C to about 1,100°C.
- this temperature dependency of the particle shape relates to the influence of the temperature upon the reaction rate, i.e., the rate of generation of atoms or monomer clusters, that is, the particle growth speed influences the particle shape. It is explained that if the reaction temperature is higher, the anisotropy of the particle growth is reduced so that the particles tend to grow into spherical bodies. It is considered that the density dependency of the particle shape relates to the influence of the density upon the homogeneous nuclei formation speed. In this case, it is also believed that the particle shape depends upon the particle growth speed as in the case of the temperature dependency.
- the nickel content in the nickel powder is controlled to 99.5% or more by weight, the lower limit of the particle size thereof is 0.05 ⁇ m, the upper limit of the same is smaller than 3 ⁇ m, and the shape of the particles is substantially limited to a spherical shape.
- the nickel content is less than 99.5% by weight, the desired resistance of electrodes or the desired reliability of electronic parts cannot be achieved owing to undesirable influence upon dielectric characteristics.
- the nickel content is therefore 99.5% to about 100% by weight.
- Particles having a particle size smaller than 0.05 ⁇ m tend to agglomerate easily. If such particles are used as a paste to be printed as internal electrodes of a laminated ceramic capacitor or the like, the filling performance of the filler is very poor so that the electrode layers after being fired are porous, have a high electrical resistance and are reduced in strength of bonding to the dielectric layer, resulting in delamination. In the case of particles having a particle size greater than 3 ⁇ m, it is impossible as a practical matter to reduce the thickness of the electrode layers for physical reasons.
- the resulting structure achieves a degree of filling close to optimum density filling when printing internal electrodes, and high-quality electrodes can be obtained by firing which are uniform, in which the amount of voids is small and which electrodes have low resistance. It is also possible to limit the shrinkage of the electrode layers at the time of firing and, hence, to prevent occurrence of cracks in the dielectric layer and delamination.
- a reactor 1 such as that shown in Fig. 1 was used and 10 g of raw-material nickel chloride was placed in a quartz boat 3 in a vaporization section 2 and was vaporized in argon gas 4 supplied at 2 liter/min so that the density (partial pressure) of the vaporized nickel chloride was 5.0 x 10 -2 .
- the raw-material gas thereby formed was introduced into a reaction section 5 controlled at 1,050°C (0.766 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature), and was brought into contact and mixed with hydrogen supplied at a rate of 1 liter/min. through a central reaction nozzle 6.
- the temperature measured by a thermocouple 8 protected with a quartz tube was increased up to 1,090°C (0.790 times as high as the melting point of nickel).
- the nickel powder produced was collected by a cylindrical filter paper after passing through a cooling section 9 together with the gas.
- the specific surface area of the produced powder was 3.5 m 2 /g which was a spherical powder having a particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m as observed with an electron microscope.
- Fig. 2 shows an electron microscope photograph of the nickel powder obtained in accordance with this example. As can be seen in this photograph, the shape of nickel powder particles obtained is nearly perfectly spherical.
- a nickel powder was manufactured under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was 960°C (0.714 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature). The temperature measured by thermocouple 8 was increased up to 1,004°C (0.740 times as high as the melting point of nickel). The specific surface area of the produced powder was 3.7 m 2 /g and the product was a spherical powder having a particle size of 0.18 ⁇ m as observed with an electron microscope.
- Fig. 3 shows an electron microscope photograph of the nickel powder obtained in accordance with this example.
- a nickel powder was manufactured under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was 960°C (0.714 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature), and that the density (partial pressure) was set to 8.0 x 10 -2 .
- the temperature measured by thermocouple 8 was increased up to 1,006°C (0.741 times as high as the melting point of nickel).
- the specific surface area of the produced powder was 3.0 m 2 /g and the product was a spherical powder having a particle size of 0.22 ⁇ m as observed with an electron microscope.
- a nickel powder was manufactured under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was controlled at 1,000°C (0.738 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature), and that the density (partial pressure) was controlled at 8.5 x 10 -2 .
- the temperature measured by thermocouple 8 was increased up to 1,053°C (0.768 times as high as the melting point of nickel).
- the specific surface area of the produced powder was 2.9 m 2 /g and the product was a spherical powder having a particle size of 0.23 ⁇ m as observed with an electron microscope.
- a nickel powder was manufactured under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was controlled at 1,050°C (0.767 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature), and that the density (partial pressure) was set to 3.0 x 10 -1 .
- the temperature measured by thermocouple 8 was increased up to 1,120°C (0.807 times as high as the melting point of nickel).
- the specific surface area of the produced powder was 0.9 m 2 /g and the product was a spherical powder having a particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m as observed with an electron microscope.
- a nickel powder was manufactured under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was set at 950°C (0.709 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature), and that the density (partial pressure) was 4.5 x 10 -2 .
- the temperature measured by thermocouple 8 was increased up to 993°C (0.733 times as high as the melting point of nickel).
- the specific surface area of the produced powder was 3.6 m 2 /g and the powder was observed with an electron microscope as having a particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m and having cubic, octahedral and other crystal habits as shown in Fig. 4.
- a nickel powder was manufactured under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was 950°C (0.709 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature), and that the density (partial pressure) was 8.0 x 10 -2 .
- the temperature measured by thermocouple 8 was increased up to 998°C (0.736 times as high as the melting point of nickel).
- the specific surface area of the produced powder was 3.4 m 2 /g and the product was observed with an electron microscope as a powder having a particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m and having cubic, octahedral and other crystal habits.
- a nickel powder was manufactured under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was 1,000°C (0.738 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature), and that the density (partial pressure) was 4.5 x 10 -2 .
- the temperature measured by thermocouple 8 was increased up to 1,042°C (0.762 times as high as the melting point of nickel).
- the specific surface area of the produced powder was 3.4 m 2 /g and the product was observed with an electron microscope as a powder having a particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m and having cubic, octahedral and other crystal habits.
- a nickel powder was manufactured under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was 1,100°C (0.795 times as high as the melting point of nickel in terms of absolute temperature), and that the density (partial pressure) was 3.6 x 10 -1 .
- the temperature measured by thermocouple 8 was increased up to 1,160°C (0.830 times as high as the melting point of nickel).
- the specific surface area of the produced powder was 1.0 m 2 /g and the product was observed with an electron microscope as a powder having a particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m and having cubic, octahedral and other crystal habits.
- Fig. 5 collectively shows the relationships between various nickel chloride vapor densities and reaction temperatures with respect to each of Examples and Comparative Examples described above.
- the present invention makes it possible to continuously produce, at a low manufacturing cost, an ultrafine nickel powder which consists of spherical particles having a particle size of 0.05 to 3 ⁇ m highly superior for use as a conductive paste filler, and which contains 99.5% or more by weight of nickel.
Claims (2)
- Ultra-feines Nickelpulver, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Pulver im wesentlichen kugelförmige Partikel mit einer Partikelgröße im Bereich von 0,1 µm bis 3 µm aufweist und nicht weniger als 99,5% Nickel beinhaltet.
- Laminierter keramischer Kondensator mit einer gebrannten Paste als Füllmaterial, wobei die Paste aus einem Pulver besteht, das im wesentlichen kugelförmige Partikel mit einer Partikelgröße im Bereich von 0,1 µm bis 3 µm aufweist und eine Reinheit von nicht weniger als 99,5% hat.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP151645/90 | 1990-06-12 | ||
JP2151645A JPH0445207A (ja) | 1990-06-12 | 1990-06-12 | 球状ニッケル微粒の製造方法 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0461866A2 EP0461866A2 (de) | 1991-12-18 |
EP0461866A3 EP0461866A3 (en) | 1992-09-23 |
EP0461866B1 true EP0461866B1 (de) | 1997-05-21 |
Family
ID=15523092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91305280A Expired - Lifetime EP0461866B1 (de) | 1990-06-12 | 1991-06-12 | Ultrafeines sphärisches Nickelpulver sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0461866B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH0445207A (de) |
KR (1) | KR940009339B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2044454C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69126170T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3640511B2 (ja) | 1997-09-05 | 2005-04-20 | Jfeミネラル株式会社 | ニッケル超微粉 |
JPH11189802A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-13 | Kawatetsu Mining Co Ltd | ニッケル超微粉 |
JPH11189801A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-13 | Kawatetsu Mining Co Ltd | ニッケル超微粉 |
EP1025937A4 (de) * | 1998-07-15 | 2004-11-03 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Metallpulver |
US6391084B1 (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2002-05-21 | Toho Titanium Co., Ltd. | Metal nickel powder |
JP3807873B2 (ja) | 1999-06-08 | 2006-08-09 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | Ni超微粉の製造方法 |
KR100453554B1 (ko) * | 2002-03-27 | 2004-10-20 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 기상 환원반응에 의한 코발트 초미분체 제조방법 |
JP3492672B1 (ja) * | 2002-05-29 | 2004-02-03 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | 金属粉末の製造方法及び製造装置 |
CN100513022C (zh) * | 2003-11-05 | 2009-07-15 | 石原药品株式会社 | 纯金属/合金超微粉末的制备方法 |
KR102572729B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-08-31 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 무기분말의 제조장치 및 제조방법 |
KR102564634B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-08-08 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 무기분말의 제조장치 및 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB552120A (en) * | 1941-08-14 | 1943-03-24 | Telephone Mfg Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the production of metal or alloy powders |
JPS597765B2 (ja) * | 1980-09-13 | 1984-02-21 | 昭宣 吉澤 | 微粉末金属の製造方法 |
JPH0623405B2 (ja) * | 1985-09-17 | 1994-03-30 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | 球状銅微粉の製造方法 |
JPS62192507A (ja) * | 1986-02-20 | 1987-08-24 | Akinobu Yoshizawa | 金属微粉の製造法 |
-
1990
- 1990-06-12 JP JP2151645A patent/JPH0445207A/ja active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-06-12 EP EP91305280A patent/EP0461866B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-12 CA CA002044454A patent/CA2044454C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-12 DE DE69126170T patent/DE69126170T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-12 KR KR1019910009836A patent/KR940009339B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR940009339B1 (ko) | 1994-10-07 |
JPH0445207A (ja) | 1992-02-14 |
DE69126170D1 (de) | 1997-06-26 |
EP0461866A2 (de) | 1991-12-18 |
CA2044454A1 (en) | 1991-12-13 |
EP0461866A3 (en) | 1992-09-23 |
DE69126170T2 (de) | 1998-01-08 |
CA2044454C (en) | 1997-05-06 |
KR920000417A (ko) | 1992-01-29 |
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