EP0457659A1 - Method and apparatus for splitting quartered logs of wood to form barrel stares - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for splitting quartered logs of wood to form barrel stares Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0457659A1
EP0457659A1 EP91401226A EP91401226A EP0457659A1 EP 0457659 A1 EP0457659 A1 EP 0457659A1 EP 91401226 A EP91401226 A EP 91401226A EP 91401226 A EP91401226 A EP 91401226A EP 0457659 A1 EP0457659 A1 EP 0457659A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
splitting
quarter
wood
stave
thickness
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EP91401226A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0457659B1 (en
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Maurice Jeantelot
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Individual
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27HBENDING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COOPERAGE; MAKING WHEELS FROM WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27H3/00Manufacture of constructional elements of tubes, coops, or barrels
    • B27H3/02Manufacture of barrel staves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27LREMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00Arrangements for splitting wood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of splitting wooden quarters to obtain staves or planks split in the direction of the medullary rays of these quarters and used for the manufacture of staves or staves for the production of barrels, barrels or barrels . More particularly, it relates to such a splitting process which makes it possible to obtain, in a single pass of a splitting and spreading tool subjected to a continuous thrust by pressure and without striking or percussion, staves of the same thickness determined or chosen by respecting the grain of the wood used, that is to say, the direction of its fibers.
  • the present invention relates to a machine for splitting wood quarters, implementing this method, and designed to carry out the splitting operation to the desired thickness of stave while each quarter of wood to be cut is supported and maintained. by having its longitudinal upper face in a horizontal position.
  • each log is first split into four or six quarters, by means of a splitting tool acting in the manner of an ax, while it is held in an upright position.
  • Each quarter obtained is then taken up to be split by one of its ends, by means of a cleaver in the form of a wedge subjected to the sudden push of a jack developing a compressive force of twelve to fifteen tonnes, to achieve split boards with a thickness significantly greater than twice that chosen for each stave.
  • the wedge does not act as a spacer between the layers of wood fibers but that its action rather causes the splitting of the wood without taking into account its grain. Consequently, the boards obtained in irregular double thickness must be passed through a planer to equalize the latter and, then, the splitting is done with a band saw, so that the wood grain may be cut in places.
  • the aim of the splitting of quarters of wood according to the present invention is to eliminate the major part of the drawbacks presented by the technique currently known and, in particular to allow obtaining staves in a single splitting pass, these staves being cut from a quarter of wood according to the thickness chosen, respecting the grain of the wood and requiring no planing of extra thickness or duplication with a band saw so that all the staves obtained can be used without loss of wood and show an improvement in the quality required for the manufacture of staves or staves.
  • the method of splitting wooden quarters for obtaining staves of chosen equal and regular thicknesses, and according to which each stave is cut, in a single pass of the splitting tool, in the direction of medular rays of a quarter of wood and respecting the direction of the fibers thereof is remarkable in that it consists first of all in immobilizing in a horizontally lying position a quarter of wood between two jaws acting on the longitudinal ends of the latter and mounted so as to be able to oscillate transversely with respect to their axis of translation, this quarter of wood having its upper face brought into the same plane as that of the top of the jaws before the clamping thereof and, thereafter, to start the splitting operation by simultaneously attacking the two ends of the quarter of wood, each by means of a splitting tool mounted so as to be able to oscillate the freely and transversely to its axis of movement, each splitting tool being subjected to the thrust of a jack, acting continuously and smoothly, and being oriented initially before the start of the splitting in a plane
  • this splitting process uses two splitting tools moving towards each other during splitting, each of these tools being constituted by a wedge-shaped piece projecting in width from that of the longitudinal face of the quarter from which each stave will be cut, the front corner part of this part having, on each upper and lower face, a continuous slope from the front edge to a median part which is curved and, then , a flat and substantially horizontal rear part which constitutes the heel part of the tool, which is of narrowed width relative to the front part which acts as a cleaver of progressive penetration in the wood without cutting the trees thereof but by spreading the layers of these trees in the direction of the medial rays, while the rear part having its two parallel upper and lower faces will keep the spacing obtained by the part m ediane, the thickness of which is less than twice that of the stave, this curved middle part tending to cause the continuous separation, without bursting, of the wood from the stave cut from the quarter of wood, then the final separation of this stave.
  • this splitting tool is designed so
  • This splitting process is implemented by means of a machine which is remarkable in that it comprises: an easel or cradle for resting the quarter of wood to be split, located in the middle part of its support frame and adapted to lift this quarter and support it in the substantially horizontal lying position by centering it in the longitudinal axis of this support frame; two movable jaws along this longitudinal axis, disposed transversely to the latter to trap the quarter of wood by its longitudinal ends and mounted so as to be able to oscillate in the direction transverse to their axis of translation in the clamping position of the quarter of wood by its ends; a thickness guide for each of the staves to be cut by splitting, mounted in an adjustable and movable manner above each of the jaws and in front overhang relative to the front edge or respective jaws thereof, in order to constitute a stop for the upper longitudinal face of the quarter of wood and to calibrate the chosen thickness of the stave to be cut while forcing the jaw which carries this stop to be oriented by transverse oscillation in a plane parallel to that of the upper longitudinal
  • Each splitting tool is also adapted to serve as a guide cam at one end of each of two lateral levers connected, by their other end, to the corresponding thickness guide and in order to control the recoil of the latter when the tool is advanced to start the splitting operation and thus free the stopper from its contact with the longitudinal face of the quarter of wood below the corresponding end thereof, the arrangement being such that, when returning rear of the splitting tool after delivery of a stave, the stop is driven to its initial position to serve as support for the new face of the remaining part of the quarter of wood to be cut.
  • each thickness guide and in particular its stop transverse to the axis of movement of the jaws, is designed to be adjusted in height relative to the edge before the splitting tool in its initial position, located in a parallel plane above the corresponding jaw, in order to define the thickness of the stave to be obtained.
  • the easel for resting and lifting the quarter of wood to be cut into staves has two transverse legs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame of the machine and spaced apart from each other in an adjustable manner to support, by its ends, a quarter of wood, each leg being constituted by two pieces, in the form of "V" cradles, which are controlled to move in opposite directions and in one direction or the other respectively to form a "W" shape whose median branches by their crossing constitute a "X” in which the crossing point can vary on demand in height and vertically with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the frame to adjust the quarter of wood lying in the upper "V" shape to the desired splitting position of each leg.
  • each transverse leg of the easel has their arms provided mounted in an articulated manner so as to be able to vary their opening angle on demand as a function of the angular value of the quarter of wood to be cut in staves, either 90 ° for a quarter of an eighth, or 120 ° for a quarter of a twelfth.
  • the splitting consists of a frame (1) in the middle part of which is mounted an easel (2) for lifting and supporting a quarter of wood (not shown) in the longitudinal axis of the built.
  • an easel (2) for lifting and supporting a quarter of wood (not shown) in the longitudinal axis of the built.
  • the bridge will be described later in more detail in connection with Figure 2.
  • On either side of this bridge (2) are mounted, symmetrically, two movable jaws (3) adapted to clamp a quarter of wood to deliver by its ends and to be able to oscillate transversely on themselves in the longitudinal axis of the frame.
  • each jaw (3) is mounted in an oscillating manner on a support (4) movable longitudinally to the frame (1) by means of a control jack (5) which also therefore serves to bring the jaw corresponding in clamping or loosening position.
  • Each jaw (3) supports, in a mobile manner, a thickness guide (6) of stave to be cut, guide which will be described later in relation to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • Each jaw (3) is also surmounted by a tool to split (7), mounted in an oscillating manner on the end of the rod of a control cylinder (8) and guided flat, in the backward or rest position and until it begins the operation of splitting, by ribs (9) projecting from the top of the jaw (3).
  • the jack (5) is supported by an upright (5A) of the frame (1) in which slides, in the upper part, the rod (8A) of the jack (8), which has its rear end supported by another upright (8A) of the frame.
  • the rear part (3A) of the jaw (3) located in front of its support (4), is slidably mounted on this rod (8A) of the jack and its front part is supported in an oscillating manner by means a pivot (4b) located at the upper end of the front arm (4A) of the support 4.
  • each of the two legs of the easel (2) which are located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame (1), is constituted by two parts (10, 11) , in the form of "V" cradles, which are controlled to move in opposite directions to one another and in one direction or the other respectively, by means of a toothed pinion (P) engaged with two opposite racks (C1, C2) which surround it, each of these being integral with the respective base of each of the cradles (10, 11).
  • the quarter of wood (12) must be turned over on itself with its initially lower face having to be in upper position under the thickness guides (6), the pigon (P) will be rotated in the direction anticlockwise, so that the cradle (10) will be moved to the right and the cradle (11) to the left, the sapwood sector resting on the end (11D) and the underside on the end (10G).
  • the cradles (10 and 11) have their arms provided mounted in an articulated manner so as to be able to vary their respective opening angle as a function of the angular value of the quarter of wood.
  • the cradle (10) is open at 90 ° and the cradle (11) at 120 °, in order to facilitate the placing of the upper face of the quarter in a substantially horizontal position. of wood to be cut into staves which initially represents about an eighth or a twelfth of a log.
  • the splitting tool (7) shown very schematically, is constituted by a wedge-shaped part whose front part (7A) has an edge (13) splitting whose upper and lower faces are in a continuous slope from this edge to the middle part (7M) which is of slightly convex shape and whose thickness is less than twice that of the stave to be cut.
  • This middle part is followed by a rear extension part (7R), the upper and lower faces of which are substantially horizontal and which is of narrowed width relative to that of the edge (13) to constitute the heel part of the tool.
  • this rod (8B) also serves as an axis of oscillation for the corresponding jaw (3) and that the heel part of the tool serves as a guide for levers (14), lateral and symmetrical, for controlling the advancement or retreat of the thickness guide (6) as best seen in Figure 4.
  • the thickness guide (6) consists of a transverse bar (15) which is supported by two lateral rods (16) adjustable in height.
  • the lower end of each rod (16) is engaged in an end cap of a side rod (17) slidably mounted in side brackets (18, 19) of the corresponding jaw (3).
  • each of the levers (14) is pivotally mounted on a pivot (20) and comprises, at its end on the rod side (8B) of the jack (8), a control roller (21) adapted to roll on the end (22) of the tool heel and the corresponding lateral side (23) of this heel.
  • the other end (24) of each lever has an elongated slot (25) in which is engaged a stud (26) carried by a ring (27) fixed in an adjustable manner on the sliding rod (17) and constrained by a spring of compression (28) bearing on the console (18).
  • the jacks (8) simultaneously enter into action and push the splitting tools, the front edge (13) of which rests on the respective corresponding end of the quarter of wood in order to start the splitting operation by a single pass for obtaining a stave of thickness determined by the thickness guide whose underside of the bar (15) had been adjusted to a spacing, relative to the edge of the splitting tool, corresponding to this chosen thickness.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Wood Veneers (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Dovetailed Work, And Nailing Machines And Stapling Machines For Wood (AREA)

Abstract

Selon la présente invention, ce procédé de fendage pour l'obtention de merrains d'épaisseur déterminée consiste à attaquer simultanément les deux extrémités d'un quartier de bois couché horizontalement et maintenu par ses extrémités entre deux mâchoires (3) pouvant osciller transversalement, au moyen de deux outils à fendre (7), pouvant chacun également osciller transversalement afin de suivre le fil du bois, à l'extrémité libre de la tige (8A) d'un vérin de commande (8), tige sur laquelle chaque mâchoire (3) correspondante est supportée de manière coulissante, ainsi que le support (4) de cette mâchoire qui est commandé en déplacement par un vérin (5), et qui commande, de ce fait, la mise en position de serrage ou de déserrage de cette mâchoire.According to the present invention, this splitting process for obtaining staves of determined thickness consists in simultaneously attacking the two ends of a quarter of wood lying horizontally and held by its ends between two jaws (3) which can oscillate transversely, at the means of two splitting tools (7), each also able to oscillate transversely in order to follow the grain of the wood, at the free end of the rod (8A) of a control cylinder (8), rod on which each jaw ( 3) is supported in a sliding manner, as well as the support (4) of this jaw which is controlled in movement by a jack (5), and which therefore controls the setting in position of clamping or loosening of this jaw.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de fendage de quartiers de bois pour l'obtention de merrains ou planches fendues dans le sens des rayons médullaires de ces quartiers et servant à la fabrication de douves ou douelles pour la réalisation de tonneaux, fûts ou futailles. Plus particulièrement, elle concerne un tel procédé de fendage qui permet d'obtenir, en une seule passe d'outil à fendre et à écarter soumis à une poussée continue par pression et sans frappe ou percusion, des merrains de même épaisseur déterminée ou choisie en respectant le fil du bois utilisé, c'est-à-dire, la direction de ses fibres.The present invention relates to a method of splitting wooden quarters to obtain staves or planks split in the direction of the medullary rays of these quarters and used for the manufacture of staves or staves for the production of barrels, barrels or barrels . More particularly, it relates to such a splitting process which makes it possible to obtain, in a single pass of a splitting and spreading tool subjected to a continuous thrust by pressure and without striking or percussion, staves of the same thickness determined or chosen by respecting the grain of the wood used, that is to say, the direction of its fibers.

De plus, la présente invention concerne une machine de fendage de quartiers de bois, mettant en oeuvre ce procédé, et conçue pour réaliser l'opération de fendage à l'épaisseur de merrain voulue alors que chaque quartier de bois à débiter est supporté et maintenu en ayant sa face supérieure longitudinale en position horizontale.In addition, the present invention relates to a machine for splitting wood quarters, implementing this method, and designed to carry out the splitting operation to the desired thickness of stave while each quarter of wood to be cut is supported and maintained. by having its longitudinal upper face in a horizontal position.

Dans la technique actuelle utilisée pour l'obtention de merrains devant servir à la fabrication de douves ou douelles, chaque bille de bois est d'abord fendue en quatre ou six quartiers, au moyen d'un outil à fendre agissant à la manière d'une hache, alors qu'elle est maintenue en position verticale. Chaque quartier obtenu est ensuite repris pour être fendu par une de ses extrémités, au moyen d'un fendoir sous forme d'un coin soumis à la poussée brusque d'un vérin développant une force de compression de douze à quinze tonnes, pour réaliser des planches fendues ayant une épaisseur sensiblement plus forte que le double de celle choisies pour chaque merrain. A noter que, dans la plupart des cas, le coin n'agit pas comme un écarteur entre les couches de fibres du bois mais que son action provoque plutôt l'éclatement du bois sans tenir compte du fil de celui-ci. En conséquence, les planches obtenues en double épaisseur irrégulières doivent être passées dans une raboteuse pour égaliser cette dernière et, ensuite, le dédoublement se fait à la scie à ruban, si bien que le fil du bois risque de se trouver coupé par endroits.In the current technique used for obtaining staves to be used for the manufacture of staves or staves, each log is first split into four or six quarters, by means of a splitting tool acting in the manner of an ax, while it is held in an upright position. Each quarter obtained is then taken up to be split by one of its ends, by means of a cleaver in the form of a wedge subjected to the sudden push of a jack developing a compressive force of twelve to fifteen tonnes, to achieve split boards with a thickness significantly greater than twice that chosen for each stave. Note that, in most cases, the wedge does not act as a spacer between the layers of wood fibers but that its action rather causes the splitting of the wood without taking into account its grain. Consequently, the boards obtained in irregular double thickness must be passed through a planer to equalize the latter and, then, the splitting is done with a band saw, so that the wood grain may be cut in places.

En conséqence, le procédé de fendage de quartiers de bois selon la présente invention a pour but d'éliminer la majeure partie des inconvénients présentés par la technique connue actuellement et, en particulier de permettre l'obtention de merrains en une seule passe de fendage, ces merrains étant débités d'un quartier de bois suivant l'épaisseur choisie en respectant le fil du bois et ne nécessitant aucun rabotage de surépaisseur ni de dédoublement à la scie à ruban si bien que tous les merrains obtenus sont utilisables sans perte de bois et présentent une amélioration de la qualité requise pour la fabrication de douves ou douelles.Consequently, the aim of the splitting of quarters of wood according to the present invention is to eliminate the major part of the drawbacks presented by the technique currently known and, in particular to allow obtaining staves in a single splitting pass, these staves being cut from a quarter of wood according to the thickness chosen, respecting the grain of the wood and requiring no planing of extra thickness or duplication with a band saw so that all the staves obtained can be used without loss of wood and show an improvement in the quality required for the manufacture of staves or staves.

Conformément à la présente invention, le procédé de fendage de quartiers de bois pour l'obtention de merrains d'épaisseurs égales choisies et régulières, et suivant lequel chaque merrain est débité, en une seule passe d'outil à fendre, dans le sens des rayons médulaires d'un quartier de bois et en respectant la direction des fibres de celui-ci, est remarquable en ce qu'il consiste tout d'abord à immobiliser en position couchée horizontalement un quartier de bois entre deux mâchoires agissant sur les extrémités longitudinales de ce dernier et montées de manière à pouvoir osciller transversalement par rapport à leur axe de translation, ce quartier de bois ayant sa face supérieure amenée dans le même plan que celui du dessus des mâchoires avant le serrage de celles-ci et, ensuite, à débuter l'opération de fendage en attaquant simultanément les deux extrémités du quartier de bois, chacune au moyen d'un outil à fendre monté de manière à pouvoir osciller librement et transversalement par rapport à son axe de déplacement, chaque outil à fendre étant soumis à la poussée d'un vérin, agissant de manière continue et sans heurts, et étant orienté initialement avant le début du fendage dans un plan parallèle à celui de la face longitudinale supérieure du quartier et de manière que son arête avant soit située à un niveau inférieur à celui de cette face longitudinale supérieure, afin que la différence entre ces niveaux soit équivalente à l'épaisseur demandée pour le merrain au cours du fendage, l'oscillation libre et transversale de chaque outil à fendre permettant à l'arête avant de fente ou d'attaque de ces deux outils de suivre le fil du bois, c'est-à-dire la même direction que les fibres de celui-ci, sans les couper, en partant respectivement de chacune des extrémités du quartier vers sa partie médiane et de provoquer l'écartement progressif et sans éclatement du bois du premier merrain fendu par rapport à la partie restante du quartier de laquelle sera débité, dans sa face longitudinale inférieure, un second merrain de même épaisseur après retournement sens dessus-dessous de cette partie restante afin que, cette face inférieure devienne la face supérieure et ainsi de suite pour l'obtention successive de merrains jusqu'à épuisement du quartier de bois.In accordance with the present invention, the method of splitting wooden quarters for obtaining staves of chosen equal and regular thicknesses, and according to which each stave is cut, in a single pass of the splitting tool, in the direction of medular rays of a quarter of wood and respecting the direction of the fibers thereof, is remarkable in that it consists first of all in immobilizing in a horizontally lying position a quarter of wood between two jaws acting on the longitudinal ends of the latter and mounted so as to be able to oscillate transversely with respect to their axis of translation, this quarter of wood having its upper face brought into the same plane as that of the top of the jaws before the clamping thereof and, thereafter, to start the splitting operation by simultaneously attacking the two ends of the quarter of wood, each by means of a splitting tool mounted so as to be able to oscillate the freely and transversely to its axis of movement, each splitting tool being subjected to the thrust of a jack, acting continuously and smoothly, and being oriented initially before the start of the splitting in a plane parallel to that of the upper longitudinal face of the quarter and so that its front edge is situated at a level lower than that of this upper longitudinal face, so that the difference between these levels is equivalent to the thickness required for the stave during splitting, the free and transverse oscillation of each splitting tool allowing the front edge of the splitting or attack of these two tools to follow the grain of the wood, that is to say the same direction as the fibers thereof, without cutting them, starting respectively from each of the ends of the quarter towards its middle part and causing the progressive separation and without splitting of the wood of the first stave split with respect to the remaining part of the quarter from which will be cut, in its lower longitudinal face, a second stave of the same thickness after turning upside down of this remaining part so that this lower face becomes the upper face and so on for the successive obtaining of staves until the wood quarter is exhausted.

A noter que, selon la présente invention, ce procédé de fendage utilise deux outils à fendre se déplaçant l'un vers l'autre en cours de fendage, chacun de ces outils étant constitué par une pièce en forme de coin dépassant en largeur celle de la face longitudinale du quartier d'où sera débité chaque merrain, la partie avant en coin de cette pièce présentant, sur chaque face supérieure et inférieure, une pente continue de l'arête avant jusqu'à une partie médiane qui est bombée et, ensuite, une partie arrière plane et sensiblement horizontale qui constitue la partie de talon de l'outil, laquelle est de largeur rétrécie par rapport à la partie avant qui agit comme un fendoir de pénétration progressive dans le bois sans couper les arbres de celui-ci mais en écartant les couches de ces arbres dans le sens des rayons médulaires, alors que la partie arrière ayant ses deux faces supérieure et inférieure parallèles conservera l'écartement obtenu par la partie médiane dont l'épaisseur est inférieure au double de celle du merrain, cette partie médiane bombée tendant à provoquer la séparation en continu et sans éclatement du bois du merrain débité du quartier de bois, puis la séparation définitive de ce merrain. A noter que cet outil à fendre est conçu pour que cette séparation définitive se produise avant que l'arête de pénatration n'atteigne la partie médiane du quartier de bois.Note that, according to the present invention, this splitting process uses two splitting tools moving towards each other during splitting, each of these tools being constituted by a wedge-shaped piece projecting in width from that of the longitudinal face of the quarter from which each stave will be cut, the front corner part of this part having, on each upper and lower face, a continuous slope from the front edge to a median part which is curved and, then , a flat and substantially horizontal rear part which constitutes the heel part of the tool, which is of narrowed width relative to the front part which acts as a cleaver of progressive penetration in the wood without cutting the trees thereof but by spreading the layers of these trees in the direction of the medial rays, while the rear part having its two parallel upper and lower faces will keep the spacing obtained by the part m ediane, the thickness of which is less than twice that of the stave, this curved middle part tending to cause the continuous separation, without bursting, of the wood from the stave cut from the quarter of wood, then the final separation of this stave. Note that this splitting tool is designed so that this final separation occurs before the penetration edge reaches the middle part of the quarter of wood.

Ce procédé de fendage est mis en oeuvre au moyen d'une machine qui est remarquable par le fait qu'elle comprend: un chevalet ou berceau de repos du quartier de bois à fendre, situé dans la partie médiane de son bâti de support et adapté pour soulever ce quartier et le soutenir en position couchée sensiblement horizontale en le centrant dans l'axe longitudinale de ce bâti de support; deux mâchoires mobiles suivant cet axe longitudinal, diposées transversalement à ce dernier pour emprisonner le quartier de bois par ses extrémités longitudinales et montées de manière à pouvoir osciller dans le sens transversal à leur axe de translation en position de serrage du quartier de bois par ses extrémités; un guide d'épaisseur de chacun des merrains à débiter par fendage monté de manière réglable et mobile au-dessus de chacune des machoires et en porte-à-faux avant par rapport au bord avant ou mors respectif de celles-ci, afin de constituer une butée pour la face longitudinale supérieure du quartier de bois et de calibrer l'épaisseur choisie du merrain à débiter tout en forçant la mâchoire qui porte cette butée à s'orienter par oscillation transversale dans un plan parallèle à celui de la face longitudinale supérieure du quartier de bois, avant de commander le déplacement de serrage de ces machoires; un outil à fendre monté sur la tige d'un vérin de manière oscillante transversalement au dessus de chacune des mâchoires, guidé à plat sur le dessus de celles-ci pour sa mise en position de fendage et pendant le dégagement en recul du guide d'épaisseur correspondant, puis laissé libre d'osciller transversalement lorsque sa partie médiane a franchi le bord avant de la mâchoire. Chaque outil à fendre est adapté par ailleurs pour servir de came de guidage à l'une des extrémités de chacun de deux leviers latéraux reliés, par leur autre extrémité, au guide d'épaisseur correspondant et afin de commander le recul de celui-ci lorsque l'outil est avancé pour débuter l'opération de fendage et ainsi dégager la butée de son contact avec la face longitudinale du quartier de bois en deçà de l'extrémité correspondante de celui-ci, l'agencement étant tel que, lors du retour arrière de l'outil à fendre après débit d'un merrain, la butée est entraînée à sa position initiale pour servir d'appui à la nouvelle face de la partie restante du quartier de bois à débiter.This splitting process is implemented by means of a machine which is remarkable in that it comprises: an easel or cradle for resting the quarter of wood to be split, located in the middle part of its support frame and adapted to lift this quarter and support it in the substantially horizontal lying position by centering it in the longitudinal axis of this support frame; two movable jaws along this longitudinal axis, disposed transversely to the latter to trap the quarter of wood by its longitudinal ends and mounted so as to be able to oscillate in the direction transverse to their axis of translation in the clamping position of the quarter of wood by its ends; a thickness guide for each of the staves to be cut by splitting, mounted in an adjustable and movable manner above each of the jaws and in front overhang relative to the front edge or respective jaws thereof, in order to constitute a stop for the upper longitudinal face of the quarter of wood and to calibrate the chosen thickness of the stave to be cut while forcing the jaw which carries this stop to be oriented by transverse oscillation in a plane parallel to that of the upper longitudinal face of the quarter of wood, before ordering the clamping movement of these jaws; a splitting tool mounted on the rod of a jack oscillating transversely above each of the jaws, guided flat on top of these for its setting in the splitting position and during the retraction of the guide corresponding thickness, then left free to oscillate transversely when its middle part has crossed the front edge of the jaw. Each splitting tool is also adapted to serve as a guide cam at one end of each of two lateral levers connected, by their other end, to the corresponding thickness guide and in order to control the recoil of the latter when the tool is advanced to start the splitting operation and thus free the stopper from its contact with the longitudinal face of the quarter of wood below the corresponding end thereof, the arrangement being such that, when returning rear of the splitting tool after delivery of a stave, the stop is driven to its initial position to serve as support for the new face of the remaining part of the quarter of wood to be cut.

Il est sous-entendu en fait que, selon l'invention, chaque guide d'épaisseur, et en particulier sa butée transversale à l'axe de déplacement des mâchoires, est conçue pour être réglée en hauteur par rapport à l'arête avant de l'outil à fendre dans sa position initiale, située dans un plan parallèle au-dessus de la mâchoire correspondante, afin de définir l'épaisseur du merrain à obtenir.It is understood in fact that, according to the invention, each thickness guide, and in particular its stop transverse to the axis of movement of the jaws, is designed to be adjusted in height relative to the edge before the splitting tool in its initial position, located in a parallel plane above the corresponding jaw, in order to define the thickness of the stave to be obtained.

De manière plus spécifique, le chevalet de repos et de soulèvement du quartier de bois à débiter en merrains comporte deux jambages transversaux perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal du bâti de la machine et écartés l'un de l'autre de manière réglable pour supporter, par ses extrémités, un quartier de bois, chaque jambage étant constitué par deux pièces, sous forme de berceaux en "V", qui sont commandées pour se déplacer en sens contraire l'une de l'autre et dans un sens ou dans l'autre respectivement afin de constituer une forme en "W" dont les branches médianes par leur croisement constituent un "X" dans lequel le point de croisement peut varier à la demande en hauteur et en verticale par rapport à l'axe longitudinal central du bâti pour régler à la position voulue de fendage le quartier de bois couché dans la forme de "V" supérieure de chaque jambage. A noter que les déplacements en sens contraires l'un de l'autre des deux berceaux de chacun des jambages sont commandés par la rotation, dans un sens ou dans l'autre, d'un pignon denté monté en prise avec deux crémaillères opposées qui l'encadrent, chacune de celles-ci étant solidaire de la base respective de chacun des berceaux.More specifically, the easel for resting and lifting the quarter of wood to be cut into staves has two transverse legs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame of the machine and spaced apart from each other in an adjustable manner to support, by its ends, a quarter of wood, each leg being constituted by two pieces, in the form of "V" cradles, which are controlled to move in opposite directions and in one direction or the other respectively to form a "W" shape whose median branches by their crossing constitute a "X" in which the crossing point can vary on demand in height and vertically with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the frame to adjust the quarter of wood lying in the upper "V" shape to the desired splitting position of each leg. Note that the displacements in opposite directions of one another of the two cradles of each of the legs are controlled by the rotation, in one direction or the other, of a toothed pinion mounted in engagement with two opposite racks which frame it, each of these being integral with the respective base of each of the cradles.

En outre, ces deux pièces en forme de "V" constituant chaque jambage transversal du chevalet ont leurs bras prévus montés de manière articulée afin de pouvoir faire varier à la demande leur angle d'ouverture en fonction de la valeur angulaire du quartier de bois à débiter en merrains, soit 90° pour un quartier de un huitième, soit 120° pour un quartier de un douzième.In addition, these two V-shaped pieces constituting each transverse leg of the easel have their arms provided mounted in an articulated manner so as to be able to vary their opening angle on demand as a function of the angular value of the quarter of wood to be cut in staves, either 90 ° for a quarter of an eighth, or 120 ° for a quarter of a twelfth.

D'autres caractéristiques de la présente invention apparaîtront de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation d'une machine mettant en oeuvre le procédé de fendage en merrains de quartiers de bois, ce mode de réalisation étant représenté schématiquement dans les dessins ci-joints dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation de l'ensemble de la machine;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique transversale de l'un des jambages du chevalet de support d'un quartier de bois à fendre en merrains;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en élévation d'une des deux mâchoires de serrage d'un quartier de bois, supportant un des deux outils à fendre et un guide d'épaisseur escamotable par recul dès le début du fendage;
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique en plan de la mâchoire de serrage représentée dans la figure 3 et montrant les leviers de commande d'avancement et de recul du guide d'épaisseur.
Other characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of a machine implementing the method of splitting wooden quarters into staves, this embodiment being represented schematically in the attached drawings wherein:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view of the entire machine;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic transverse view of one of the legs of the support easel of a quarter of wood to be split into staves;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic elevational view of one of the two clamping jaws of a quarter of wood, supporting one of the two splitting tools and a thickness guide retractable by recoil from the start of the splitting;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of the clamping jaw shown in Figure 3 and showing the control levers for advancing and reversing the thickness guide.

Comme représenté schématiquement dans la figure 1, la machine de fendage, conforme à la présente invention, est constituée d'un bâti (1) dans la partie médiane duquel est monté un chevalet (2) de soulèvement et de soutien d'un quartier de bois (non représenté) dans l'axe longitudinal du bâti. A noter que le chevalet sera décrit ultérieurement plus en détails en relation avec la figure 2. De part et d'autre de ce chevalet (2), sont montées, symétriquement, deux mâchoires mobiles (3) adaptées pour serrer un quartier de bois à débiter par ses extrémités et pour pouvoir osciller transversalement sur elles-mêmes dans l'axe longitudinal du bâti. Pour ce faire, chaque mâchoire (3) est montée de manière oscillante sur un support (4) déplaçable longitudinalement au bâti (1) au moyen d'un vérin de commande (5) qui sert également, de ce fait, à amener la mâchoire correspondante en position de serrage ou de déserrage. Chaque mâchoire (3) supporte, de manière mobile, un guide d'épaisseur (6) de merrain à débiter, guide qui sera décrit ultérieurement en relation avec les figures 3 et 4. Chaque mâchoire (3) est également surmontée par un outil à fendre (7), monté de manière oscillante sur l'extrémité de la tige d'un vérin de commande (8) et guidé à plat, en position de recul ou de repos et jusqu'à ce qu'il débute l'opération de fendage, par des nervures (9) saillant du dessus de la mâchoire (3). A noter que le vérin (5) est supporté par un montant (5A) du bâti (1 ) dans lequel coulisse, en partie haute, la tige (8A) du vérin (8), lequel a son extrémité arrière supportée par un autre montant (8A) du bâti. De plus, la partie arrière (3A) de la mâchoire (3), située en avant de son support (4), est montée de manière coulissante sur cette tige (8A) du vérin et sa partie avant est supportée de manière oscillante au moyen d'un pivot (4b) situé à l'extrémité supérieure du bras avant (4A) du support 4.As shown schematically in Figure 1, the splitting, according to the present invention, consists of a frame (1) in the middle part of which is mounted an easel (2) for lifting and supporting a quarter of wood (not shown) in the longitudinal axis of the built. Note that the bridge will be described later in more detail in connection with Figure 2. On either side of this bridge (2), are mounted, symmetrically, two movable jaws (3) adapted to clamp a quarter of wood to deliver by its ends and to be able to oscillate transversely on themselves in the longitudinal axis of the frame. To do this, each jaw (3) is mounted in an oscillating manner on a support (4) movable longitudinally to the frame (1) by means of a control jack (5) which also therefore serves to bring the jaw corresponding in clamping or loosening position. Each jaw (3) supports, in a mobile manner, a thickness guide (6) of stave to be cut, guide which will be described later in relation to FIGS. 3 and 4. Each jaw (3) is also surmounted by a tool to split (7), mounted in an oscillating manner on the end of the rod of a control cylinder (8) and guided flat, in the backward or rest position and until it begins the operation of splitting, by ribs (9) projecting from the top of the jaw (3). Note that the jack (5) is supported by an upright (5A) of the frame (1) in which slides, in the upper part, the rod (8A) of the jack (8), which has its rear end supported by another upright (8A) of the frame. In addition, the rear part (3A) of the jaw (3), located in front of its support (4), is slidably mounted on this rod (8A) of the jack and its front part is supported in an oscillating manner by means a pivot (4b) located at the upper end of the front arm (4A) of the support 4.

Comme on le voit au mieux dans la figure 2, en vue transversale, chacun des deux jambages du chevalet (2), qui sont situés perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal du bâti (1), est constitué par deux pièces (10, 11), sous forme de berceaux en "V", qui sont commandées pour se déplacer en sens contraires l'une de l'autre et dans un sens ou dans l'autre respectivement, au moyen d'un pignon denté (P) en prise avec deux crémaillères opposées (C1, C2) qui l'encadrent, chacune de celles-ci étant solidaire de la base respective de chacun des berceaux (10, 11). On comprend facilement, si l'on regarde la figure 2, que suite à la rotation, dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre du pigon (P), le berceau (10) sera déplacé vers la gauche, le berceau (11 ) sera déplacé vers la droite et les extrémités respectives (10D et 11G) de leurs bras soutiendront le quartier de bois pour le mettre en position de fendage avec sa face inférieure en appui sur l'extrémité (10D) et son secteur d'aubier en appui contre l'extrémité (11G). Inversement, si le quartier de bois (12) doit être retourné sur lui-même avec sa face initialement inférieure devant se présenter en position supérieure sous les guides d'épaisseur (6), le pigon (P) sera mis en rotation dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre, si bien que le berceau (10) sera déplacé vers la droite et le berceau (11) vers la gauche, le secteur d'aubier étant en appui sur l'extrémité (11D) et la face inférieure sur l'extrémité (10G). On notera en outre, que les berceaux (10 et 11) ont leurs bras prévus montés de manière articulée afin de pouvoir faire varier leur angle d'ouverture respectif en fonction de la valeur angulaire du quartier de bois. En effet, comme représenté dans cette figure 2 à titre d'exemple, le berceau (10) est ouvert à 90° et le berceau (11) à 120°, afin de faciliter la mise en position sensiblement horizontale de la face supérieure du quartier de bois à débiter en merrains qui représente initialement environ un huitième ou un douzième de bille de bois.As best seen in Figure 2, in transverse view, each of the two legs of the easel (2), which are located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame (1), is constituted by two parts (10, 11) , in the form of "V" cradles, which are controlled to move in opposite directions to one another and in one direction or the other respectively, by means of a toothed pinion (P) engaged with two opposite racks (C1, C2) which surround it, each of these being integral with the respective base of each of the cradles (10, 11). It is easy to understand, if we look at Figure 2, that following the rotation, clockwise from the pigon (P), the cradle (10) will be moved to the left, the cradle (11) will be moved to the right and the respective ends (10D and 11G) of their arms will support the quarter of wood to put it in the splitting position with its underside bearing on the end (10D) and its sapwood sector bearing against the end (11G). Conversely, if the quarter of wood (12) must be turned over on itself with its initially lower face having to be in upper position under the thickness guides (6), the pigon (P) will be rotated in the direction anticlockwise, so that the cradle (10) will be moved to the right and the cradle (11) to the left, the sapwood sector resting on the end (11D) and the underside on the end (10G). It will also be noted that the cradles (10 and 11) have their arms provided mounted in an articulated manner so as to be able to vary their respective opening angle as a function of the angular value of the quarter of wood. Indeed, as shown in this figure 2 by way of example, the cradle (10) is open at 90 ° and the cradle (11) at 120 °, in order to facilitate the placing of the upper face of the quarter in a substantially horizontal position. of wood to be cut into staves which initially represents about an eighth or a twelfth of a log.

Comme on le voit au mieux dans les figures 3 et 4, l'outil à fendre (7), représenté de manière très schématique, est constitué par une pièce en forme de coin dont la partie avant (7A) présente une arête (13) de fendage dont les faces supérieure et inférieure sont en pente continue de cette arête à la partie médiane (7M) qui est de forme légèrement bombée et dont l'épaisseur est moindre que le double de celle du merrain à débiter. Cette partie médiane est suivie par une partie de prolongement arrière (7R) dont les faces supérieure et inférieure sont sensiblement horizontales et qui est de largeur rétrécie par rapport à celle de l'arête (13) pour constituer la partie de talon de l'outil engagée de manière pivotante sur l'extrémité libre de la tige (8B) du vérin de commande (8). A noter que cette tige (8B) sert également d'axe d'oscillation pour la mâchoire correspondante (3) et que la partie de talon de l'outil sert de guide pour des leviers (14), latéraux et symétriques, de commande d'avancement ou de recul du guide d'épaisseur (6) comme on le voit au mieux dans la figure 4.As best seen in Figures 3 and 4, the splitting tool (7), shown very schematically, is constituted by a wedge-shaped part whose front part (7A) has an edge (13) splitting whose upper and lower faces are in a continuous slope from this edge to the middle part (7M) which is of slightly convex shape and whose thickness is less than twice that of the stave to be cut. This middle part is followed by a rear extension part (7R), the upper and lower faces of which are substantially horizontal and which is of narrowed width relative to that of the edge (13) to constitute the heel part of the tool. pivotally engaged on the free end of the rod (8B) of the control cylinder (8). Note that this rod (8B) also serves as an axis of oscillation for the corresponding jaw (3) and that the heel part of the tool serves as a guide for levers (14), lateral and symmetrical, for controlling the advancement or retreat of the thickness guide (6) as best seen in Figure 4.

Comme représenté dans cette figure 4 et dans la figure 3, le guide d'épaisseur (6) est constitué par une barre transversale (15) qui est supportée par deux tiges latérales (16) réglables en hauteur. L'extrémité inférieure de chaque tige (16) est engagée dans une chape d'extrémité d'une tige latérale (17) montée de manière coulissante dans des consoles latérales (18, 19) de la mâchoire (3) correspondante. Par ailleurs, chacun des leviers (14) est monté de manière pivotante sur un pivot (20) et comporte, à son extrémité côté tige (8B) du vérin (8), un galet (21) de commande adapté pour rouler sur l'extrémité (22) de talon de l'outil et le côté latéral (23) correspondant de ce talon. L'autre extrémité (24) de chaque levier comporte une fente allongée (25) dans laquelle est engagé un téton (26) porté par une bague (27) fixée de manière réglable sur la tige coulissante (17) et contrainte par un ressort de compression (28) prenant appui sur la console (18).As shown in this FIG. 4 and in FIG. 3, the thickness guide (6) consists of a transverse bar (15) which is supported by two lateral rods (16) adjustable in height. The lower end of each rod (16) is engaged in an end cap of a side rod (17) slidably mounted in side brackets (18, 19) of the corresponding jaw (3). Furthermore, each of the levers (14) is pivotally mounted on a pivot (20) and comprises, at its end on the rod side (8B) of the jack (8), a control roller (21) adapted to roll on the end (22) of the tool heel and the corresponding lateral side (23) of this heel. The other end (24) of each lever has an elongated slot (25) in which is engaged a stud (26) carried by a ring (27) fixed in an adjustable manner on the sliding rod (17) and constrained by a spring of compression (28) bearing on the console (18).

On peut maintenant comprendre plus aisément le fonctionnement de cette machine mettant en oeuvre le procédé de fendage conforme à la présente invention. En effet, lorsque qu'un quartier de bois est soulevé par le chevalet (2), sa face supérieure vient buter sous la barre transversale (15), préalablement réglée à l'épaisseur d'un merrain, des guides d'épaisseur (6) qui font osciller respectivement chacune des mâchoires (3) et l'outil à fendre (7) correspondant par l'intermédiaire des nervures (9) supérieures à ces mâchoires. Les mâchoires (3) sont alors commandées par les vérins (5) pour enserrer les extrémités du quartier de bois (12). Sitôt après ce serrage, les vérins (8) entrent simultanément en action et poussent les outils à fendre dont l'arête avant (13) vient en appui sur l'extrémité respective correspondante du quartier de bois afin de commencer l'opération de fendage en une seule passe pour l'obtention d'un merrain d'épaisseur déterminée par le guide d'épaisseur dont le dessous de la barre (15) avait été réglé à un écartement, par rapport à l'arête de l'outil à fendre, correspondant à cette épaisseur choisie. En outre, dès le tout début de l'avancement simultané des outils à fendre, les galets (21) des leviers latéraux (14) ont roulé sur les côtés (23) de la partie de talon des outils, puis sur les extrémités arrières (22) de ceux-ci, en laissant ainsi basculer ces leviers sous la poussée des ressorts (28) qui ont repoussé les bagues fixes (27) des tiges latérales coulissantes (17) de support des guides d'épaisseur entraînant le recul de ceux-ci à une position en-deçà du bord avant des mâchoires (3) et, par suite, des extrémités du quartier de bois.We can now understand more easily the operation of this machine implementing the splitting process according to the present invention. Indeed, when a quarter of wood is raised by the easel (2), its upper face abuts under the transverse bar (15), previously adjusted to the thickness of a stave, thickness guides (6 ) which cause each of the jaws (3) and the corresponding splitting tool (7) to oscillate respectively by means of the ribs (9) above these jaws. The jaws (3) are then controlled by the jacks (5) to grip the ends of the quarter of wood (12). Immediately after this tightening, the jacks (8) simultaneously enter into action and push the splitting tools, the front edge (13) of which rests on the respective corresponding end of the quarter of wood in order to start the splitting operation by a single pass for obtaining a stave of thickness determined by the thickness guide whose underside of the bar (15) had been adjusted to a spacing, relative to the edge of the splitting tool, corresponding to this chosen thickness. In addition, from the very start of the simultaneous advancement of the splitting tools, the rollers (21) of the lateral levers (14) rolled on the sides (23) of the heel part of the tools, then on the rear ends ( 22) of these, thus letting these levers tilt under the thrust of the springs (28) which have pushed the fixed rings (27) of the sliding lateral rods (17) supporting the thickness guides causing the recoil of these here at a position below the front edge of the jaws (3) and, consequently, the ends of the quarter of wood.

Claims (9)

1.- Procédé de fendage de quartiers de bois pour l'obtention de merrains d'épaisseurs égales choisies et régulières suivant lequel chaque merrain est débité dans le sens des rayons médulaires d'un quartier de bois en respectant la direction des fibres de celui-ci en une seule passe d'outil à fendre (7) monté de manière à pouvoir osciller librement et transversalement par rapport à son axe de déplacement et soumis à la poussée d'un vérin (8) agissant de manière continue et sans heurts, procédé caractérisé par le fait qu'il consiste tout d'abord à immobiliser en position couchée horizontalement un quartier de bois entre deux mâchoires (3) agissant sur les extrémités longitudinales de ce dernier et montées de manière à pouvoir osciller transversalement par rapport à leur axe de translation, ce quartier de bois ayant sa face supérieure amenée dans le même plan que celui du dessus des mâchoires avant le serrage de celles-ci et, ensuite, à débuter l'opération de fendage en attaquant simultanément les deux extrémités du quartier de bois, chacune au moyen d'un outil à fendre orienté initialement avant le début du fendage dans un plan parallèle à celui de la face longitudinale supérieure du quartier et de manière que son arête avant soit située à un niveau inférieur à celui de cette face longitudinale supérieure, afin que la différence entre ces niveaux soit équivalente à l'épaisseur demandée pour le merrain au cours du fendage. 1.- Method of splitting wooden quarters to obtain staves of equal chosen and regular thicknesses according to which each stave is cut in the direction of the medular rays of a quarter of wood while respecting the direction of the fibers thereof ci in a single pass of the splitting tool (7) mounted so as to be able to oscillate freely and transversely with respect to its axis of movement and subjected to the thrust of a jack (8) acting continuously and smoothly, method characterized by the fact that it consists first of all in immobilizing in a horizontally lying position a quarter of wood between two jaws (3) acting on the longitudinal ends of the latter and mounted so as to be able to oscillate transversely with respect to their axis of translation, this quarter of wood having its upper face brought into the same plane as that of the top of the jaws before the clamping thereof and, then, to begin the ope splitting ration by simultaneously attacking the two ends of the quarter of wood, each by means of a splitting tool oriented initially before the start of the splitting in a plane parallel to that of the upper longitudinal face of the quarter and so that its front edge is located at a level lower than that of this upper longitudinal face, so that the difference between these levels is equivalent to the thickness required for the stave during splitting. 2.- Procédé de fendage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il utilise l'oscillation libre et transversale de chaque outil, seulement lorsque l'opération de fendage vient de débuter afin de permettre à l'arête avant de fente de chacun des deux outils de suivre le fil du bois, c'est-à-dire la même direction que les fibres de celui-ci, sans les couper, en partant respectivement de chacune des extrémités du quartier vers sa partie médiane et de provoquer l'écartement progressif et sans éclatement du bois du premier merrain fendu par rapport à la partie restante du quartier de laquelle sera débité, dans sa face longitudinale inférieure, un second merrain de même épaisseur après retournement sens dessus-dessous de cette partie restante afin que, cette face inférieure devienne la face supérieure et ainsi de suite pour l'obtention successive de merrains jusqu'à épuisement du quartier de bois. 2.- A method of splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses the free and transverse oscillation of each tool, only when the splitting operation has just started in order to allow the front edge of the slit to each of the two tools to follow the grain of the wood, that is to say the same direction as the fibers thereof, without cutting them, starting respectively from each of the ends of the quarter towards its median part and causing the progressive and uneven splitting of the wood from the first split stave with respect to the remaining part of the quarter from which will be cut, in its lower longitudinal face, a second stave of the same thickness after turning it upside down from this remaining part so that, this lower face becomes the upper face and so on for the successive obtaining of staves until the wood quarter is exhausted. 3.- Machine de fendage de quartiers de bois en merrains d'épaisseur déterminée mettant en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 ou 2 et utilisant des outils à fendre commandés chacun en poussée pour l'opération de fendage et en recul après la fin de celle-ci par un vérin (8) respectif, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comprend: un chevalet (2) ou berceau de repos du quartier de bois à fendre, situé dans la partie médiane de son bâti (1) de support et adapté pour soulever ce quartier et le soutenir en position couchée sensiblement horizontale en le centrant dans l'axe longitudinale de ce bâti de support (1 ); deux mâchoires mobiles (3) suivant cet axe longitudinal, diposées transversalement à ce dernier pour emprisonner le quartier de bois par ses extrémités longitudinales et montées chacune sur un support (4) déplaçable longitudinalement au bâti (1) et de manière à pouvoir osciller dans le sens transversal à leur axe de translation en position de serrage du quartier de bois par ses extrémités; un guide d'épaisseur (6) de chacun des merrains à débiter par fendage monté de manière réglable et mobile au-dessus de chacune des mâchoires (3) et en porte-à-faux avant par rapport au bord avant ou mors respéctif de celles-ci, afin de constituer une butée (15) pour la face longitudinale supérieure du quartier de bois et de calibrer l'épaisseur choisie du merrain à débiter tout en forçant la mâchoire (3) qui porte cette butée (15) à s'orienter par oscillation transversale dans un plan parallèle à celui de la face longitudinale supérieure du quartier de bois, avant de commander le déplacement de serrage de ces mâchoires; un outil à fendre (7) situé au dessus de chacune des mâchoires, guidé à plat sur le dessus de la mâchoire correspondante pour sa mise en position de fendage et pendant le dégagement en recul du guide d'épaisseur (6) correspondant, puis laissé libre d'osciller transversalement sur la tige de son vérin (8) de poussée lorsque sa partie médiane a franchi le bord avant de la mâchoire. 3.- Splitting machine of wooden quarters in staves of determined thickness implementing the method according to either of claims 1 or 2 and using splitting tools each driven in thrust for the splitting operation and receding after the end thereof by a respective jack (8), characterized in that it comprises: an easel (2) or rest cradle of the quarter of wood to be split, located in the middle part of its support frame (1) and adapted to lift this quarter and support it in a substantially horizontal lying position by centering it in the longitudinal axis of this support frame (1); two movable jaws (3) along this longitudinal axis, disposed transversely to the latter to trap the quarter of wood by its longitudinal ends and each mounted on a support (4) movable longitudinally to the frame (1) and so as to be able to oscillate in the direction transverse to their axis of translation in the clamping position of the quarter of wood by its ends; a thickness guide (6) of each of the staves to be cut by splitting, mounted in an adjustable and movable manner above each of the jaws (3) and in front overhang relative to the front edge or respective jaws of those -this, in order to constitute a stop (15) for the upper longitudinal face of the quarter of wood and to calibrate the chosen thickness of the stave to be cut while forcing the jaw (3) which carries this stop (15) to orient itself by transverse oscillation in a plane parallel to that of the upper longitudinal face of the quarter of wood, before controlling the clamping movement of these jaws; a splitting tool (7) located above each of the jaws, guided flat on top of the corresponding jaw for its splitting position and during the retraction of the corresponding thickness guide (6), then left free to oscillate transversely on the rod of its thrust jack (8) when its middle part has crossed the front edge of the jaw. 4.- Machine de fendage selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que chaque outil à fendre est constitué par une pièce en forme de coin dépassant en largeur celle de la face longitudinale du quartier d'où sera débité chaque merrain, la partie avant (7A) en coin de cette pièce présentant, sur chaque face supérieure et inférieure, une pente continue de l'arête avant (13) jusqu'à une partie médiane (7M) qui est bombée et, ensuite, une partie arrière (7R) plane et sensiblement horizontale qui constitue la partie de talon de l'outil, laquelle est de largeur rétrécie par rapport à la partie avant qui agit comme un fendoir de pénétration progressive dans le bois sans couper les fibres de celui-ci mais en écartant les couches de ces fibres dans le sens des rayons médulaires, alors que la partie arrière ayant ses deux faces supérieure et inférieure parallèles conservera l'écartement obtenu par la partie médiane dont l'épaisseur est inférieure au double de celle du merrain, cette partie médiane bombée tendant à provoquer la séparation en continu et sans éclatement du bois du merrain débité du quartier de bois, puis la séparation définitive de ce merrain. 4.- splitting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that each splitting tool is constituted by a wedge-shaped part projecting in width from that of the longitudinal face of the quarter from which each stave will be cut, the front part (7A) at the corner of this part having, on each upper and lower face, a continuous slope from the front edge (13) to a median part (7M) which is curved and, then, a rear part (7R) flat and substantially horizontal which constitutes the heel part of the tool, which is narrowed in width with respect to the front part which acts as a cleaver of progressive penetration into the wood without cutting the fibers of the latter but by spreading the layers of these fibers in the direction of the median rays, while the rear part having its two parallel upper and lower faces will keep the spacing obtained by the middle part whose thickness is less than twice that of the stave, this curved middle part tending to cause the separation continuously and without splitting of the wood from the stave cut from the quarter of wood, then the final separation of this stave. 5.- Machine de fendage selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisée par le fait que chaque outil à fendre est adapté pour servir de came de guidage à l'une des extrémités de chacun de deux leviers latéraux (14) reliés, par leur autre extrémité, au guide d'épaisseur correspondant et afin de commander le recul de celui-ci lorsque l'outil (7) est avancé pour débuter l'opération de fendage et ainsi dégager la butée (15) de son contact avec la face longitudinale du quartier de bois en deçà de l'extrémité correspondante de celui-ci, l'agencement étant tel que, lors du retour arrière de l'outil à fendre (7) après débit d'un merrain, la butée (15) est entraînée à sa position initiale pour servir d'appui à la nouvelle face de la partie restante du quartier de bois à débiter. 5.- Splitting machine according to either of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that each splitting tool is adapted to serve as a guide cam at one of the ends of each of two lateral levers ( 14) connected, by their other end, to the corresponding thickness guide and in order to control the recoil thereof when the tool (7) is advanced to start the splitting operation and thus disengage the stop (15) from its contact with the longitudinal face of the quarter of wood below the corresponding end thereof, the arrangement being such that, during the rearward return of the splitting tool (7) after the flow of a stave, the stop (15) is driven to its initial position to serve as support for the new face of the remaining part of the quarter of wood to be cut. 6.- Machine de fendage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisée par le fait que chaque guide d'épaisseur (6) comporte une butée (15) transversale à l'axe de déplacement des mâchoires (3) qui est adaptée pour être réglée en hauteur par rapport à l'arête avant de l'outil à fendre (7) dans sa position initiale, située dans un plan parallèle au-dessus de la mâchoire (3) correspondante, afin de définir l'épaisseur du merrain à obtenir. 6.- splitting machine according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that each thickness guide (6) has a stop (15) transverse to the axis of movement of the jaws (3) which is adapted to be adjusted in height relative to the front edge of the splitting tool (7) in its initial position, situated in a plane parallel to the above the corresponding jaw (3), in order to define the thickness of the stave to obtain. 7.- Machine de fendage selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que le chevalet (2) de repos et de soulèvement du quartier de bois à débiter en merrains comporte deux jambages transversaux perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal du bâti de la machine et écartés l'un de l'autre de manière réglable pour supporter, par ses extrémités, un quartier de bois, chaque jambage étant constitué par deux pièces (10, 11), sous forme de berceaux en "V", qui sont commandées pour se déplacer en sens contraire l'une de l'autre et dans un sens ou dans l'autre respectivement afin de constituer une forme en "W" dont les branches médianes (1OD, 11G) par leur croisement constituent un "X" dans lequel le point de croisement peut varier à la demande en hauteur et en verticale par rapport à l'axe longitudinal central du bâti (1) pour régler à la position voulue de fendage le quartier de bois couché dans la forme de "V" supérieure de chaque jambage. 7. A splitting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the easel (2) for resting and lifting the quarter of wood to be cut into staves has two transverse legs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame of the machine and spaced apart from each other in an adjustable manner to support, by its ends, a quarter of wood, each leg being constituted by two pieces (10, 11), in the form of cradles in "V", which are controlled to move in opposite directions from one another and in one direction or the other respectively in order to constitute a "W" shape whose median branches (1OD, 11G) by their crossing constitute an "X" in which the crossing point can vary on demand in height and vertically with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the frame (1) to adjust the quarter of wood lying in the beam to the desired splitting position superior "V" shape of each leg. 8.- Machine de fendage selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que les déplacements, en sens contraires l'un de l'autre, des deux berceaux de chacun des jambages sont commandés par la rotation, dans un sens ou dans l'autre, d'un pignon denté (P) monté en prise avec deux crémaillères opposées (C1, C2) qui l'encadrent, chacune de celles-ci étant solidaire de la base respective de chacun des berceaux (10, 11). 8.- splitting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the displacements, in opposite directions from one another, of the two cradles of each of the legs are controlled by rotation, in one direction or in the another, of a toothed pinion (P) mounted in engagement with two opposite racks (C1, C2) which surround it, each of these being integral with the respective base of each of the cradles (10, 11). 9.- Machine de fendage selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que les deux pièces en forme de "V" constituant chaque jambage transversal du chevalet (2) ont leurs bras prévus montés de manière articulée afin de pouvoir faire varier à la demande leur angle d'ouverture en fonction de la valeur angulaire du quartier de bois à débiter en merrains, soit 90° pour un quartier de un huitième, soit 120° pour un quartier de un douzième. 9.- splitting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the two parts in the shape of "V" constituting each transverse leg of the bridge (2) have their arms provided mounted in an articulated manner so as to be able to vary on demand their opening angle as a function of the angular value of the quarter of wood to be cut into staves, either 90 ° for a quarter of an eighth, or 120 ° for a quarter of a twelfth.
EP91401226A 1990-05-16 1991-05-13 Method and apparatus for splitting quartered logs of wood to form barrel stares Expired - Lifetime EP0457659B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9006101 1990-05-16
FR9006101A FR2662112B1 (en) 1990-05-16 1990-05-16 PROCESS FOR SPLITTING WOODEN QUARTERS FOR OBTAINING MERRAINS AND MACHINE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME.

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EP0457659A1 true EP0457659A1 (en) 1991-11-21
EP0457659B1 EP0457659B1 (en) 1993-10-06

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US (1) US5090463A (en)
EP (1) EP0457659B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0592402A (en)
AR (1) AR247995A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE95462T1 (en)
AU (1) AU639103B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69100462T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0457659T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2046026T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2662112B1 (en)
HU (1) HU210362B (en)
PT (1) PT97679A (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683760B1 (en) * 1991-11-18 1994-01-07 Maurice Jeantelot PROCESS OF SPLITTING A WOODEN BALL IN QUARTERS AND MACHINE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION.
US11478952B1 (en) 2021-12-07 2022-10-25 Charles R. Collier Log cutter

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2201815A (en) * 1938-04-04 1940-05-21 Totem Shake Corp Shake splitting machine
FR2098826A5 (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-03-10 Beaulieu Adrien

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1663905A (en) * 1926-12-10 1928-03-27 Edwin H Luke Split shingle and method of making same
US2760533A (en) * 1953-06-10 1956-08-28 Balsa Proc Company Inc Wood slicing machine
US4799519A (en) * 1988-05-19 1989-01-24 Forbes Curtis E Wood splitter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2201815A (en) * 1938-04-04 1940-05-21 Totem Shake Corp Shake splitting machine
FR2098826A5 (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-03-10 Beaulieu Adrien

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JPH0592402A (en) 1993-04-16
PT97679A (en) 1993-06-30
YU48111B (en) 1997-03-07
DE69100462D1 (en) 1993-11-11
HU911633D0 (en) 1991-11-28
DE69100462T2 (en) 1994-03-31
EP0457659B1 (en) 1993-10-06
ZA913590B (en) 1992-02-26
AU7708491A (en) 1991-11-21
AU639103B2 (en) 1993-07-15
HU210362B (en) 1995-04-28
ATE95462T1 (en) 1993-10-15
FR2662112A1 (en) 1991-11-22
US5090463A (en) 1992-02-25
FR2662112B1 (en) 1993-11-19
AR247995A1 (en) 1995-05-31
DK0457659T3 (en) 1994-03-07
ES2046026T3 (en) 1994-01-16
YU83791A (en) 1995-10-03
HUT57646A (en) 1991-12-30

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