EP0457657B1 - Penetrating projectile - Google Patents
Penetrating projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0457657B1 EP0457657B1 EP91401208A EP91401208A EP0457657B1 EP 0457657 B1 EP0457657 B1 EP 0457657B1 EP 91401208 A EP91401208 A EP 91401208A EP 91401208 A EP91401208 A EP 91401208A EP 0457657 B1 EP0457657 B1 EP 0457657B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- speed
- tube
- charge
- projectiles
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
- F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
- F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
- F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
Definitions
- the present invention relates to projectiles, such as arrows, intended to penetrate more or less deeply into a target. It also relates to ammunition containing a plurality of these projectiles, intended, for example, to be carried in vectors such as missiles, rockets, etc.
- EP-A-0,298,494 in the name of Diehl GMBH & Co discloses an ammunition of this type, intended more specifically for the neutralization of traffic lanes or concrete tracks. It includes a set of arrows contained in a box provided with a parachute and a propellant. After dropping from a transport vector, there is first opening of the parachute, then once the verticality of the box is correct, starting the thruster. Then, once all of the propellant charge has been consumed, a second charge is ignited to expel the arrows from the housing, to provide them with additional speed relative to the latter.
- the principle implemented in this previous invention is therefore, as in the other currently known penetrating projectile systems, to print a high speed at the arrows in the direction of the target to obtain good penetration, possibly limited by radial projections in the back of the arrows.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new type of penetrating projectiles to overcome these drawbacks, in order to extend their field of use, while increasing their effectiveness.
- the subject of the invention is a penetrating projectile comprising a front element forming the active part intended for penetration, integral with a tube, which tube is closed at the rear of the front element and contains a charge of propulsion thereof, and an igniter for igniting the charge, responding to the percussion of the front element against a target, said projectile further comprising a parachute attached to the rear end of the tube, intended to decrease the speed of said projectile and to bring its longitudinal axis closer to the vertical, characterized in that the igniter comprises a delay means such as the setting propellant charge fire occurs when the speed of the projectile becomes substantially zero.
- the projectiles according to the invention comprise a front element 1 forming the active part, partially engaged in a rear part or tube 2. At least one intermediate part 10 of the element 1 is cylindrical and of the same caliber as the mouth of the tube 2, which has behind this cylindrical part 10 a retaining shoulder 20. At the front of the part 10, the element 1 has a section which decreases so as to present a front part 11 in the shape of a point clearly protruding from the outlet of the tube 2 .
- the igniter 31 is provided to ensure the ignition of the charge 30 in response to the meeting of the front element 1 with a target, with a delay.
- it is preferably an inertial percussion igniter, provided with a delay means for very slightly differing (by a few milliseconds for example) the firing of the charge 30 with respect to the instant of the impact.
- This delay is provided to allow the speed of the projectile to cancel, or substantially cancel, before the firing of the charge 30; it thus frees the projectile from the penetration constraints due to the non-zero tangential component of its speed relative to the target.
- This obliquity phenomenon characterized by the angle of the velocity vector of the projectile and the axis of the shock, in this case the vertical, is one of the major reasons for the non-penetration of the projectile into the target.
- Element 1 has certain peculiarities of form which vary according to the application for which the projectile is intended.
- the element 1 is an arrow for the neutralization of tracks or communication paths: it must only sink partially so as to allow a pointed or sharp part to protrude from the ground. 12.
- the size of part 10 of element 1 is significantly greater than that of front part 11. This results in braking by part 10 and, when stationary, partial depression from it, from which follows another advantage, namely that in part 10, the arrow 1 is more difficult to cut.
- a notch 110 of the front part 11, of the type of that of mountaineer's pitons there is advantageously provided.
- the terminal tip portion 12 and the notch 110 in the front portion are then superfluous.
- the difference in sizes between parts 10 and 11 although reduced, it will generally be maintained so that the depth of penetration is not too great.
- Fig. 2 illustrates the general principle of operation of the projectiles according to the invention, although the particular embodiment of FIG. 1.
- the projectile P arrives close to the target with a certain obliquity, and suitably oriented by means such as tailplane or, as here, parachute. Its speed is not very high, but due to a good mass / section ratio to promote penetration, when the element 1 touches the target, its tip 11 penetrates however a shallow depth, practically reaching the stop at l 'instant T2.
- the charge 30 is ignited, generating a thrust which propels the element 1 more deeply with, in reaction, the expulsion of the tube 2 away from the element 1.
- An additional advantage of the system is the incendiary power of projectiles when they enter tanks of flammable material (planes in the parking lot, fuel tanks, missiles, ammunition, etc.): when the rear tube 2 is ejected, hot and pressurized gases escape at high speed, accompanying the projectile in its progression. This effect can be enhanced by suitable incendiary additives in the propellant charge 30.
- the projectile P according to the invention of FIG. 1 is intended to be ejected individually or in bundles from a transport vector. Upon ejection, it therefore has an autonomous behavior, and it is therefore provided with a means to ensure its correct orientation relative to the target.
- This means consists of a parachute 4 housed in a retractable box 5 fixed to the rear of the tube 2.
- the projectile P ′ of FIG. 3 is designed to form with other identical projectiles the active part of the munition M shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. It differs from the version of FIG. 2 in that, instead of a parachute, it includes a deploying tail unit formed by several fins 6 at the rear.
- Ammunition M essentially comprises a container 7 in which are held side by side several projectiles P ′ pointed towards the exit, a parachute 8 connected by a swivel 9 to the bottom of the container 7 opposite the exit, and a chronometric sequencer to trigger the release projectiles after a predetermined time after dropping, calculated sufficient for the munition M to reach an attitude close to the vertical and a certain speed (of the order of 40 m / s).
- the projectiles exit the container 7 by gravity, therefore without significant relative speed, by opening the container 7 or clearing a mechanical restraint. From the exit, the tail of the projectiles P ′ is deployed, for example by a spring means 60 kept loaded inside the container 7.
- the container 7 includes means, not shown, for rotating on itself, for example aerodynamic means such as deploying fins. If the rotational speed is 10 revolutions / second at the time of the opening of the container 7, the tangential speed of the projectiles is close to 1.5 m / s assuming their center of gravity about 24 mm from the axis.
- ammunition such as the ammunition M of Figs. 4 and 5 are perfectly suited to equip large cargo ships provided with sophisticated ejection devices allowing controlled dispersion adapted to the target, while the individual projectile version illustrated in FIG. 1 is more suitable for small freighters handling smaller areas.
- a carrier projectile of rocket type, contains sub-projectiles in the form of arrows arranged with a single orientation (the head forward and the tail back of the rocket).
- Propulsion means ensure the ejection of the sub-projectiles along the trajectory of the rocket, after its warhead has itself been expelled.
- An important drawback of these munitions is that their practical range is limited by the terminal kinetic energy necessary for the correct penetration of the sub-projectiles.
- the impact velocities are of the order of 700 m / s, while above 4,000 m, they drop below 300 m / s.
- the kinetic energies vary in a ratio of the order of 5, and much more if one seeks an even higher range.
- the use of tailed sub-projectiles according to the invention to equip these rockets is a solution to increase the range or even increase penetration.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne des projectiles, tels que flèches, destinés à pénétrer plus ou moins profondément dans une cible. Elle concerne également des munitions contenant une pluralité de ces projectiles, prévues par exemple pour être embarquées dans des vecteurs tels que missiles, roquettes, etc.The present invention relates to projectiles, such as arrows, intended to penetrate more or less deeply into a target. It also relates to ammunition containing a plurality of these projectiles, intended, for example, to be carried in vectors such as missiles, rockets, etc.
La demande de brevet européen EP-A-0,298,494 au nom de Diehl GMBH & Co divulgue une munition de ce type, destinée plus spécialement à la neutralisation de voies de circulation ou pistes bétonnées. Elle comporte un ensemble de flèches contenues dans un boîtier doté d'un parachute et d'un propulseur. Après largage à partir d'un vecteur de transport, il y a d'abord ouverture du parachute, puis une fois que la verticalité du boîtier est correcte, démarrage du propulseur. Ensuite, une fois que toute la charge de propulsion a été consumée, une seconde charge est allumée pour expulser les flèches à partir du boîtier, en vue de leur procurer un supplément de vitesse par rapport à ce dernier.European patent application EP-A-0,298,494 in the name of Diehl GMBH & Co discloses an ammunition of this type, intended more specifically for the neutralization of traffic lanes or concrete tracks. It includes a set of arrows contained in a box provided with a parachute and a propellant. After dropping from a transport vector, there is first opening of the parachute, then once the verticality of the box is correct, starting the thruster. Then, once all of the propellant charge has been consumed, a second charge is ignited to expel the arrows from the housing, to provide them with additional speed relative to the latter.
Le principe mis en oeuvre dans cette précédente invention est donc, comme dans les autres systèmes actuellement connus de projectiles pénétrants, d'imprimer une grande vitesse aux flèches dans la direction de la cible pour obtenir une bonne pénétration, éventuellement limitée par des saillies radiales dans la partie arrière des flèches.The principle implemented in this previous invention is therefore, as in the other currently known penetrating projectile systems, to print a high speed at the arrows in the direction of the target to obtain good penetration, possibly limited by radial projections in the back of the arrows.
Toutefois, l'expulsion par effet canon d'un fagot de projectiles à forte vitesse relative entraîne généralement de fortes obliquités non amorties à courte portée, très préjudiciables à la pénétration. De plus, comme l'obliquité est très variable du fait qu'elle dépend aussi beaucoup du vent, il n'est quasiment pas possible de prévoir une profondeur de pénétration précise, ni d'obtenir qu'elle soit uniforme, à cause notamment du mouvement de nutation des projectiles, dont la direction est évidemment aléatoire au moment de l'impact. Dans la neutralisation par flèches de cibles relativement tendres telles que taxi-ways ou routes, on risque alors de voir une grande partie des flèches s'enfoncer trop profondément, sans laisser de partie saillante.However, the expulsion by cannon effect of a bundle of projectiles at high relative speed generally leads to large unshocked obliquities at short range, very detrimental to penetration. In addition, as the obliquity is very variable because it also depends very much on the wind, it is almost not possible to predict a precise penetration depth, or to obtain that it is uniform, in particular because of the nutation movement of the projectiles, the direction of which is obviously random at the time of impact. In the neutralization by arrows of relatively tender targets such as taxi-ways or roads, we risk seeing a large part of the arrows sink too deeply, without leaving a protruding part.
D'autre part, le principe d'expulser une pluralité de projectiles à partir d'une même munition à grande vitesse présente un autre inconvénient provenant du fait que ces munitions sont généralement larguées à faible altitude. Ceci conduit à une concentration des impacts des flèches d'une même munition (quelques décimètres), donc à une répartition en "bouquets" de densité non uniforme. Cette caractéristique entraîne une perte d'efficacité sensible, en particulier lorsque l'on vise d'autres cibles que les pistes d'aviation ou voies de communication.On the other hand, the principle of expelling a plurality of projectiles from the same ammunition at high speed has another drawback stemming from the fact that these munitions are generally dropped at low altitude. This leads to a concentration of the impacts of the arrows of the same ammunition (a few decimeters), therefore to a distribution in "bouquets" of non-uniform density. This characteristic leads to a significant loss of efficiency, in particular when targeting targets other than runways or communication routes.
Le but de la présente invention est donc de prévoir un nouveau type de projectiles pénétrants pour pallier ces inconvénients, afin d'étendre leur domaine d'utilisation, tout en augmentant leur efficacité.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new type of penetrating projectiles to overcome these drawbacks, in order to extend their field of use, while increasing their effectiveness.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un projectile pénétrant comprenant un élément avant formant la partie active à vocation de pénétration, solidaire d'un tube, lequel tube est fermé à l'arrière de l'élément avant et contient une charge de propulsion de celui-ci, et un allumeur pour la mise à feu de la charge, répondant à la percussion de l'élément avant contre une cible, ledit projectile comprenant par ailleurs un parachute attaché à l'extrémité arrière du tube, destiné à diminuer la vitesse dudit projectile et à rapprocher son axe longitudinal de la verticale, caractérisé en ce que l'allumeur comprend un moyen de retard tel que la mise à feu de la charge de propulsion s'effectue lorsque la vitesse du projectile devient sensiblement nulle.To this end, the subject of the invention is a penetrating projectile comprising a front element forming the active part intended for penetration, integral with a tube, which tube is closed at the rear of the front element and contains a charge of propulsion thereof, and an igniter for igniting the charge, responding to the percussion of the front element against a target, said projectile further comprising a parachute attached to the rear end of the tube, intended to decrease the speed of said projectile and to bring its longitudinal axis closer to the vertical, characterized in that the igniter comprises a delay means such as the setting propellant charge fire occurs when the speed of the projectile becomes substantially zero.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide des explications qui vont suivre et des dessins joints, dans lesquels :
- la Fig. 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un projectile selon l'invention,
- la Fig. 2 est une vue illustrant schématiquement le fonctionnement du projectile de la Fig. 1, par sa représentation à plusieurs instants successifs,
- la Fig. 3 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un autre projectile selon l'invention, prévu pour être contenu en nombre dans une munition,
- la Fig. 4 est une vue en coupe axiale de cette munition, et
- la Fig. 5 est une vue en coupe transversale, selon la ligne V-V de la Fig. 4.
- Fig. 1 is an axial section view of a projectile according to the invention,
- Fig. 2 is a view schematically illustrating the operation of the projectile of FIG. 1, by its representation at several successive instants,
- Fig. 3 is an axial section view of another projectile according to the invention, intended to be contained in number in a munition,
- Fig. 4 is an axial section view of this munition, and
- Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view, along the line VV of FIG. 4.
Dans ces figures, les mêmes références ont été utilisées pour désigner partout les mêmes éléments.In these figures, the same references have been used to designate the same elements everywhere.
Les projectiles selon l'invention comportent un élément avant 1 formant la partie active, engagé partiellement dans une partie arrière ou tube 2. Au moins une partie intermédiaire 10 de l'élément 1 est cylindrique et de même calibre que la bouche du tube 2, lequel présente derrière cette partie cylindrique 10 un épaulement de retenue 20. A l'avant de la partie 10, l'élément 1 a une section qui diminue de manière à présenter une partie avant 11 en forme de pointe dépassant nettement la sortie du tube 2.The projectiles according to the invention comprise a front element 1 forming the active part, partially engaged in a rear part or
A l'intérieur du tube 2, entre l'épaulement 20 et son extrémité arrière fermée, se trouvent successivement une chambre 21 contenant une charge de propulsion 30 et, communiquant avec la chambre 21, un logement 22 pour un allumeur 31 de la charge 30. L'allumeur 31 est prévu pour assurer la mise à feu de la charge 30 en réponse à la rencontre de l'élément avant 1 avec une cible, avec un retard. En pratique, il s'agit de préférence d'un allumeur à percussion inertielle, pourvu d'un moyen de retard pour différer très légèrement (de quelques millisecondes par exemple) la mise à feu de la charge 30 par rapport à l'instant de l'impact. Ce retard est prévu pour permettre à la vitesse du projectile de s'annuler, ou sensiblement s'annuler, avant la mise à feu de la charge 30; il affranchit ainsi le projectile des contraintes de pénétration dues à la composante tangentielle non nulle de sa vitesse par rapport à la cible. Ce phénomène d'obliquité, caractérisé par l'angle du vecteur vitesse du projectile et de l'axe du choc, dans le cas présent la verticale, est une des raisons majeures de la non pénétration du projectile dans la cible.Inside the
L'élément 1 présente certaines particularités de forme qui varient selon l'application à laquelle est destiné le projectile. Dans les formes de réalisation montrées dans les dessins, l'élément 1 est une flèche pour la neutralisation de pistes ou de voies de communication : elle ne doit s'enfoncer que partiellement de manière à laisser saillir par rapport au sol une partie pointue ou acérée 12. Pour limiter la profondeur de pénétration, le calibre de la partie 10 de l'élément 1 est sensiblement supérieur à celui de la partie avant 11. On obtient ainsi un freinage par la partie 10 et, à l'arrêt, un enfoncement partiel de celle-ci, dont découle un autre avantage, à savoir que dans la partie 10, la flèche 1 est plus difficile à sectionner. Par ailleurs, en vue d'interdire ou, tout au moins, de rendre plus difficile l'extraction de la flèche par arrachement, il est avantageusement prévu un crantage 110 de la partie avant 11, du type de celui des pitons d'alpiniste.Element 1 has certain peculiarities of form which vary according to the application for which the projectile is intended. In the embodiments shown in the drawings, the element 1 is an arrow for the neutralization of tracks or communication paths: it must only sink partially so as to allow a pointed or sharp part to protrude from the ground. 12. To limit the depth of penetration, the size of
Si l'élément 1 doit s'enfoncer totalement dans une cible, au cas où il s'agit d'une mine, par exemple, la partie terminale en pointe 12 et le crantage 110 dans la partie avant sont alors superflus. Quant à la différence de calibres entre les parties 10 et 11, bien que réduite, elle sera généralement maintenue pour que la profondeur de pénétration ne soit pas trop importante.If the element 1 must sink completely into a target, in the case where it is a mine, for example, the
La Fig. 2 illustre le principe général de fonctionnement des projectiles selon l'invention, bien qu'y soit représentée la forme de réalisation particulière de la Fig. 1. A l'instant T1, le projectile P arrive à proximité de la cible avec une certaine obliquité, et convenablement orienté par des moyens tels qu'empennage ou, comme ici, parachute. Sa vitesse est peu élevée, mais en raison d'un bon rapport masse/section pour favoriser l'enfoncement, lorsque l'élément 1 touche la cible, sa pointe 11 pénètre toutefois sur une faible profondeur, en atteignant pratiquement l'arrêt à l'instant T2. A l'instant T3 suivant de quelques millisecondes l'instant T2 (retard de l'allumeur à percussion 31), la charge 30 est mise à feu, engendrant une poussée qui propulse l'élément 1 plus profondément avec, en réaction, l'expulsion du tube 2 loin de l'élément 1. Cette procédure permet de s'affranchir de l'obliquité à l'impact et, par conséquent, de beaucoup mieux maîtriser la pénétration de l'élément 1. A noter également que pour des projectiles destinés à s'enfoncer complètement dans la cible, tels que des mines à détonateur sismique, la discrétion nécessaire à ce type de munition n'est pas remise en cause en utilisant le principe de l'invention, puisque le tube 2, bien que restant apparent, est notablement éloigné du projectile proprement dit lors de l'enfoncement.Fig. 2 illustrates the general principle of operation of the projectiles according to the invention, although the particular embodiment of FIG. 1. At time T1, the projectile P arrives close to the target with a certain obliquity, and suitably oriented by means such as tailplane or, as here, parachute. Its speed is not very high, but due to a good mass / section ratio to promote penetration, when the element 1 touches the target, its
Un avantage supplémentaire du système réside dans le pouvoir incendiaire qu'ont les projectiles quand ils pénètrent dans des réservoirs de matière inflammable (avions au parking, cuves de carburant, missiles, munitions, etc.) : lorsque le tube arrière 2 est éjecté, des gaz chauds et sous pression s'en échappent à grande vitesse, accompagnant le projectile dans sa progression. Cet effet peut être renforcé par des additifs incendiaires appropriés dans la charge de propulsion 30.An additional advantage of the system is the incendiary power of projectiles when they enter tanks of flammable material (planes in the parking lot, fuel tanks, missiles, ammunition, etc.): when the
Le projectile P conforme à l'invention de la Fig. 1 est prévu pour être éjecté individuellement ou en fagots à partir d'un vecteur de transport. Dès l'éjection, il a donc un comportement autonome, et il est par conséquent doté d'un moyen pour assurer sa bonne orientation par rapport à la cible. Ce moyen consiste en un parachute 4 logé dans un boîtier escamotable 5 fixé à l'arrière du tube 2.The projectile P according to the invention of FIG. 1 is intended to be ejected individually or in bundles from a transport vector. Upon ejection, it therefore has an autonomous behavior, and it is therefore provided with a means to ensure its correct orientation relative to the target. This means consists of a
Le projectile P′ de la Fig. 3 est conçu pour former avec d'autres projectiles identiques la partie active de la munition M représentée aux Fig. 4 et 5. Il diffère de la version de la Fig. 2 en ce qu'à la place d'un parachute, il comporte à l'arrière un empennage déployant formé de plusieurs ailettes 6.The projectile P ′ of FIG. 3 is designed to form with other identical projectiles the active part of the munition M shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. It differs from the version of FIG. 2 in that, instead of a parachute, it includes a deploying tail unit formed by
La munition M comprend essentiellement un conteneur 7 dans lequel sont retenus côte à côte plusieurs projectiles P′ pointés vers la sortie, un parachute 8 relié par un émerillon 9 au fond du conteneur 7 opposé à la sortie, et un séquenceur chronométrique pour déclencher la libération des projectiles au bout d'un temps prédéterminé après le largage, calculé suffisant pour que la munition M atteigne une attitude proche de la verticale et une certaine vitesse (de l'ordre de 40 m/s). Les projectiles sortent du conteneur 7 par gravité, donc sans vitesse relative importante, par ouverture du conteneur 7 ou effacement d'une retenue mécanique. Dès la sortie, l'empennage des projectiles P′ est déployé, par exemple par un moyen à ressort 60 maintenu chargé à l'intérieur du conteneur 7.Ammunition M essentially comprises a container 7 in which are held side by side several projectiles P ′ pointed towards the exit, a
En vue d'une répartition des projectiles, le conteneur 7 comporte des moyens, non montrés, de mise en rotation sur lui-même, par exemple des moyens aérodynamiques tels qu'ailerons déployants. Si la vitesse en rotation est de 10 tours/seconde au moment de l'ouverture du conteneur 7, la vitesse tangentielle des projectiles est voisine de 1,5 m/s en supposant leur centre de gravité à environ 24 mm de l'axe. Pour une altitude de 40 m, et une vitesse axiale qui, on le rappelle, se situe aux alentours de 40 m/s, on peut espérer une répartition au sol à l'intérieur d'un cercle de diamètre :
Avec les munitions actuelles où la vitesse d'expulsion est beaucoup plus élevée, soit au moins 200 m/s, la même vitesse en rotation de 10 tours/seconde et la même altitude de 40 m conduisent à un diamètre de dispersion qui n'est que de 0,6 m. Or, l'on sait qu'avec ces munitions connues, l'obliquité pose déjà un problème et qu'il ne serait pas judicieux de la rendre encore plus importante en augmentant la vitesse en rotation. Par conséquent, par rapport aux systèmes connus, la munition de l'invention procure une répartition des projectiles P′ considérablement améliorée.For the purpose of distributing the projectiles, the container 7 includes means, not shown, for rotating on itself, for example aerodynamic means such as deploying fins. If the rotational speed is 10 revolutions / second at the time of the opening of the container 7, the tangential speed of the projectiles is close to 1.5 m / s assuming their center of gravity about 24 mm from the axis. For an altitude of 40 m, and an axial speed which, as we recall, is around 40 m / s, we can hope for a distribution on the ground within a circle of diameter:
With current munitions where the expulsion speed is much higher, at least 200 m / s, the same rotational speed of 10 revolutions / second and the same altitude of 40 m lead to a dispersion diameter which is not than 0.6 m. However, we know that with these known munitions, the obliquity already poses a problem and that it would not be wise to make it even more important by increasing the rotational speed. Consequently, compared with known systems, the munition of the invention provides a considerably improved distribution of the projectiles P ′.
En pratique, des munitions telles que la munition M des Figs. 4 et 5 sont parfaitement adaptées pour équiper de gros cargos pourvus de dispositifs d'éjection sophistiqués permettant une dispersion contrôlée adaptée à la cible, alors que la version projectile individuel illustrée à la Fig. 1 convient plutôt à des petits cargos traitant des surfaces plus faibles.In practice, ammunition such as the ammunition M of Figs. 4 and 5 are perfectly suited to equip large cargo ships provided with sophisticated ejection devices allowing controlled dispersion adapted to the target, while the individual projectile version illustrated in FIG. 1 is more suitable for small freighters handling smaller areas.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits précédemment, et elle peut être adaptée, par exemple, pour perfectionner des systèmes d'armes existants. Dans un de ces systèmes, un projectile porteur, de type roquette, contient des sous-projectiles sous forme de flèches rangés avec une orientation unique (la tête vers l'avant et l'empennage vers l'arrière de la roquette). Des moyens de propulsion assurent l'éjection des sous-projectiles selon la trajectoire de la roquette, après que son ogive ait été elle-même expulsée. Un inconvénient important de ces munitions est que leur portée pratique est limitée par l'énergie cinétique terminale nécessaire à la pénétration correcte des sous-projectiles. Ainsi, à des distances d'environ 2 000 m, les vitesses d'impact sont de l'ordre de 700 m/s, alors qu'au-delà de 4 000 m, elles descendent en dessous de 300 m/s. Les énergies cinétiques varient dans un rapport de l'ordre de 5, et beaucoup plus si l'on cherche une portée encore plus élevée. Le recours à des sous-projectiles empennés conformes à l'invention pour équiper ces roquettes est une solution pour augmenter la portée ou bien accroître la pénétration.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples described above, and it can be adapted, for example, to improve existing weapon systems. In one of these systems, a carrier projectile, of rocket type, contains sub-projectiles in the form of arrows arranged with a single orientation (the head forward and the tail back of the rocket). Propulsion means ensure the ejection of the sub-projectiles along the trajectory of the rocket, after its warhead has itself been expelled. An important drawback of these munitions is that their practical range is limited by the terminal kinetic energy necessary for the correct penetration of the sub-projectiles. Thus, at distances of around 2,000 m, the impact velocities are of the order of 700 m / s, while above 4,000 m, they drop below 300 m / s. The kinetic energies vary in a ratio of the order of 5, and much more if one seeks an even higher range. The use of tailed sub-projectiles according to the invention to equip these rockets is a solution to increase the range or even increase penetration.
Claims (9)
- Penetrating projectile comprising a forward element (1) forming the active part for the purpose of penetration, secured to a tube (2), which tube (2) is closed to the rear of the forward element (1) and contains a charge (30) for propelling the latter, and an igniter (31) for firing the charge (30), responding to the percussion of the forward element (1) against a target, the said projectile moreover comprising a parachute attached to the rear end of the tube (2) intended to lower the speed of the said projectile and to bring its longitudinal axis closer to the vertical, characterized in that the igniter (31) comprises a delay means, such that the firing of the propulsion charge (30) takes place when the speed of the projectile becomes substantially zero.
- Projectile according to Claim 1, characterized in that the forward element (1) comprises a forward part (11) in the shape of a point, equipped with a non-deformable part (10) of larger cross-section in order to limit the penetration and prevent the destruction of the forward element (1).
- Projectile according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the charge (30) comprises incendiary additives.
- Projectile according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the forward element (1) is a mine.
- Projectile according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the forward element (1) is a dart.
- Projectile according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rear part (12) of the element (1) is pointed or sharpened.
- Projectile according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the forward part (11) of the element (1) includes an anti-extraction notch.
- Projectile according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tube (2) includes an empennage (6), with a view to use as a submunition.
- Munition intended to be released from a transport carrier, comprising, as submunitions, projectiles (P') according to Claim 8, retained side by side in a housing (7) provided with a parachute (8), characterized in that it comprises means for freeing the projectiles (P') by gravity, thus without initial speed, when predetermined conditions of slope with respect to the vertical and of speed of the housing (7) coincide, the latter further including means for rotating about itself in order to distribute the submunitions (P').
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9006246A FR2662240A1 (en) | 1990-05-18 | 1990-05-18 | PENETRANT PROJECTILES. |
FR9006246 | 1990-05-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0457657A1 EP0457657A1 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
EP0457657B1 true EP0457657B1 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
Family
ID=9396755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91401208A Expired - Lifetime EP0457657B1 (en) | 1990-05-18 | 1991-05-07 | Penetrating projectile |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5109774A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0457657B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69103957T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2059077T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2662240A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2049649B1 (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-12-16 | Edb Sa | ANTI-TRACK SUBMUNITION |
DE4327214C1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-01-12 | Deutsche Aerospace | Laying device for penetrators having built-in sensors |
US5596166A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1997-01-21 | Logicon Rda | Penetrating vehicle with rocket motor |
EP1080338A4 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2006-04-05 | Rafael Armament Dev Authority | An armor piercing projectile |
US6276277B1 (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2001-08-21 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Rocket-boosted guided hard target penetrator |
US6494140B1 (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2002-12-17 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Modular rocket boosted penetrating warhead |
NO995142A (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-10-16 | Nammo Raufoss As | Propulsion device for a projectile in a missile |
US6782829B1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2004-08-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Non-lethal cargo projectile |
US7795567B2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2010-09-14 | Raytheon Company | Guided kinetic penetrator |
EP1739385B1 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2012-06-13 | Saab Ab | Ammunition unit with kinetic precursor |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB191516210A (en) * | 1915-11-17 | 1919-06-05 | Henri Antoine Pacton | Improvements in Projectiles. |
FR618654A (en) * | 1925-11-16 | 1927-03-15 | Method and device for launching bombs from aircraft | |
US3774540A (en) * | 1971-12-01 | 1973-11-27 | Us Navy | Terradynamic brake |
GB1364160A (en) * | 1972-12-15 | 1974-08-21 | Diehl | High explosive projectile |
DE2654827A1 (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1978-06-08 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | HOLLOW LOADING SUB-FLOOR SHOULD BE SHOCKED WITH A CARRIER BULLET |
DE2655674C3 (en) * | 1976-12-08 | 1981-11-05 | Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke GmbH & Co, 7341 Bad Überkingen | Fire body with anchoring point |
US4090446A (en) * | 1977-02-02 | 1978-05-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Controlled depth of burial penetrator |
DE3049623A1 (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-07-29 | Knaus, Hans A.J., 7800 Freiburg | Armour piercing shell with solid nose - has charge with igniter enclosed between sleeve and rear end of tip |
FR2601763B1 (en) * | 1983-09-08 | 1992-06-05 | France Etat Armement | ARROW-TYPE SUB-CALIBER PROJECTILE FOR ACTIVE SHIELDING |
DE3806731A1 (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1989-01-26 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | SUBMUNITION ACTIVE UNIT, FLECHETTES HEAD OF HEAD AND FLECHETTES DAFUER |
-
1990
- 1990-05-18 FR FR9006246A patent/FR2662240A1/en active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-05-07 DE DE69103957T patent/DE69103957T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-07 EP EP91401208A patent/EP0457657B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-07 ES ES91401208T patent/ES2059077T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-14 US US07/699,601 patent/US5109774A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2662240A1 (en) | 1991-11-22 |
ES2059077T3 (en) | 1994-11-01 |
US5109774A (en) | 1992-05-05 |
DE69103957D1 (en) | 1994-10-20 |
DE69103957T2 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
EP0457657A1 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
FR2662240B1 (en) | 1994-07-13 |
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