EP0457657B1 - Durchdringendes Geschoss - Google Patents
Durchdringendes Geschoss Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0457657B1 EP0457657B1 EP91401208A EP91401208A EP0457657B1 EP 0457657 B1 EP0457657 B1 EP 0457657B1 EP 91401208 A EP91401208 A EP 91401208A EP 91401208 A EP91401208 A EP 91401208A EP 0457657 B1 EP0457657 B1 EP 0457657B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- speed
- tube
- charge
- projectiles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
- F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
- F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
- F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
Definitions
- the present invention relates to projectiles, such as arrows, intended to penetrate more or less deeply into a target. It also relates to ammunition containing a plurality of these projectiles, intended, for example, to be carried in vectors such as missiles, rockets, etc.
- EP-A-0,298,494 in the name of Diehl GMBH & Co discloses an ammunition of this type, intended more specifically for the neutralization of traffic lanes or concrete tracks. It includes a set of arrows contained in a box provided with a parachute and a propellant. After dropping from a transport vector, there is first opening of the parachute, then once the verticality of the box is correct, starting the thruster. Then, once all of the propellant charge has been consumed, a second charge is ignited to expel the arrows from the housing, to provide them with additional speed relative to the latter.
- the principle implemented in this previous invention is therefore, as in the other currently known penetrating projectile systems, to print a high speed at the arrows in the direction of the target to obtain good penetration, possibly limited by radial projections in the back of the arrows.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new type of penetrating projectiles to overcome these drawbacks, in order to extend their field of use, while increasing their effectiveness.
- the subject of the invention is a penetrating projectile comprising a front element forming the active part intended for penetration, integral with a tube, which tube is closed at the rear of the front element and contains a charge of propulsion thereof, and an igniter for igniting the charge, responding to the percussion of the front element against a target, said projectile further comprising a parachute attached to the rear end of the tube, intended to decrease the speed of said projectile and to bring its longitudinal axis closer to the vertical, characterized in that the igniter comprises a delay means such as the setting propellant charge fire occurs when the speed of the projectile becomes substantially zero.
- the projectiles according to the invention comprise a front element 1 forming the active part, partially engaged in a rear part or tube 2. At least one intermediate part 10 of the element 1 is cylindrical and of the same caliber as the mouth of the tube 2, which has behind this cylindrical part 10 a retaining shoulder 20. At the front of the part 10, the element 1 has a section which decreases so as to present a front part 11 in the shape of a point clearly protruding from the outlet of the tube 2 .
- the igniter 31 is provided to ensure the ignition of the charge 30 in response to the meeting of the front element 1 with a target, with a delay.
- it is preferably an inertial percussion igniter, provided with a delay means for very slightly differing (by a few milliseconds for example) the firing of the charge 30 with respect to the instant of the impact.
- This delay is provided to allow the speed of the projectile to cancel, or substantially cancel, before the firing of the charge 30; it thus frees the projectile from the penetration constraints due to the non-zero tangential component of its speed relative to the target.
- This obliquity phenomenon characterized by the angle of the velocity vector of the projectile and the axis of the shock, in this case the vertical, is one of the major reasons for the non-penetration of the projectile into the target.
- Element 1 has certain peculiarities of form which vary according to the application for which the projectile is intended.
- the element 1 is an arrow for the neutralization of tracks or communication paths: it must only sink partially so as to allow a pointed or sharp part to protrude from the ground. 12.
- the size of part 10 of element 1 is significantly greater than that of front part 11. This results in braking by part 10 and, when stationary, partial depression from it, from which follows another advantage, namely that in part 10, the arrow 1 is more difficult to cut.
- a notch 110 of the front part 11, of the type of that of mountaineer's pitons there is advantageously provided.
- the terminal tip portion 12 and the notch 110 in the front portion are then superfluous.
- the difference in sizes between parts 10 and 11 although reduced, it will generally be maintained so that the depth of penetration is not too great.
- Fig. 2 illustrates the general principle of operation of the projectiles according to the invention, although the particular embodiment of FIG. 1.
- the projectile P arrives close to the target with a certain obliquity, and suitably oriented by means such as tailplane or, as here, parachute. Its speed is not very high, but due to a good mass / section ratio to promote penetration, when the element 1 touches the target, its tip 11 penetrates however a shallow depth, practically reaching the stop at l 'instant T2.
- the charge 30 is ignited, generating a thrust which propels the element 1 more deeply with, in reaction, the expulsion of the tube 2 away from the element 1.
- An additional advantage of the system is the incendiary power of projectiles when they enter tanks of flammable material (planes in the parking lot, fuel tanks, missiles, ammunition, etc.): when the rear tube 2 is ejected, hot and pressurized gases escape at high speed, accompanying the projectile in its progression. This effect can be enhanced by suitable incendiary additives in the propellant charge 30.
- the projectile P according to the invention of FIG. 1 is intended to be ejected individually or in bundles from a transport vector. Upon ejection, it therefore has an autonomous behavior, and it is therefore provided with a means to ensure its correct orientation relative to the target.
- This means consists of a parachute 4 housed in a retractable box 5 fixed to the rear of the tube 2.
- the projectile P ′ of FIG. 3 is designed to form with other identical projectiles the active part of the munition M shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. It differs from the version of FIG. 2 in that, instead of a parachute, it includes a deploying tail unit formed by several fins 6 at the rear.
- Ammunition M essentially comprises a container 7 in which are held side by side several projectiles P ′ pointed towards the exit, a parachute 8 connected by a swivel 9 to the bottom of the container 7 opposite the exit, and a chronometric sequencer to trigger the release projectiles after a predetermined time after dropping, calculated sufficient for the munition M to reach an attitude close to the vertical and a certain speed (of the order of 40 m / s).
- the projectiles exit the container 7 by gravity, therefore without significant relative speed, by opening the container 7 or clearing a mechanical restraint. From the exit, the tail of the projectiles P ′ is deployed, for example by a spring means 60 kept loaded inside the container 7.
- the container 7 includes means, not shown, for rotating on itself, for example aerodynamic means such as deploying fins. If the rotational speed is 10 revolutions / second at the time of the opening of the container 7, the tangential speed of the projectiles is close to 1.5 m / s assuming their center of gravity about 24 mm from the axis.
- ammunition such as the ammunition M of Figs. 4 and 5 are perfectly suited to equip large cargo ships provided with sophisticated ejection devices allowing controlled dispersion adapted to the target, while the individual projectile version illustrated in FIG. 1 is more suitable for small freighters handling smaller areas.
- a carrier projectile of rocket type, contains sub-projectiles in the form of arrows arranged with a single orientation (the head forward and the tail back of the rocket).
- Propulsion means ensure the ejection of the sub-projectiles along the trajectory of the rocket, after its warhead has itself been expelled.
- An important drawback of these munitions is that their practical range is limited by the terminal kinetic energy necessary for the correct penetration of the sub-projectiles.
- the impact velocities are of the order of 700 m / s, while above 4,000 m, they drop below 300 m / s.
- the kinetic energies vary in a ratio of the order of 5, and much more if one seeks an even higher range.
- the use of tailed sub-projectiles according to the invention to equip these rockets is a solution to increase the range or even increase penetration.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Claims (9)
- Eindringendes Projektil mit einem den aktiven, eindringenden Teil bildenden vorderen Element (1), das mit einem Rohr (2) fest verbunden ist, welches hinter dem vorderen Element (1) verschlossen ist und eine Treibladung (30) für dieses Rohr enthalt, und mit einem Zünder (31) zum Zünden der Ladung (30) aufgrund des Auftreffens des vorderen Elements (1) auf einem Ziel, wobei das Projektil außerdem einen am hinteren Ende des Rohrs (2) befestigten Bremsschirm besitzt, der die Geschwindigkeit des Projektils verringern und seine Langsachse der Vertikalen annähern soll, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zünder (31) ein Verzögerungsmittel enthält, derart, daß die Treibladung (30) gezündet wird, wenn die Geschwindigkeit des Projektils im wesentlichen Null wird.
- Projektil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vordere Element (1) einen vorderen Bereich (11) in Form einer Spitze und einen nicht verformbaren Bereich (10) größeren Querschnitts besitzt, um die Eindringtiefe zu begrenzen und die Zerstörung des vorderen Elements (1) zu verhindern.
- Projektil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ladung (30) entflammbare Zusätze enthält.
- Projektil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vordere Element (1) eine Mine ist.
- Projektil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vordere Element (1) ein Pfeil ist.
- Projektil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hintere Bereich des vorderen Elements (1) angespitzt oder scharfkantig ist.
- Projektil nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vordere Bereich (11) des Elements (1) eine sich dem Herausziehen widersetzende Zackung besitzt.
- Projektil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohr (2) ein Leitwerk (6) besitzt, so daß es als Unterwaffensystem verwendbar ist.
- Waffensystem, das von einem Transportflugzeug abgeworfen werden soll, und Projektile (P') gemaß Anspruch 8 als Unterwaffensystem enthält, die Seite an Seite in einem mit einem Bremsschirm (8) versehenen Gehäuse (7) untergebracht sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zur Freigabe der Projektile (P') mittels Schwerkraft, d.h. ohne Anfangsgeschwindigkeit vorgesehen sind, wenn vorbestimmte Bedingungen hinsichtlich der vertikalen Lage und der Geschwindigkeit des Gehäuses (7) vorliegen, und daß das Gehäuse (7) weiter Mittel aufweist, um es um seine Achse in Drehung zu versetzen und um die Unterwaffensysteme (P') zu streuen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9006246 | 1990-05-18 | ||
FR9006246A FR2662240A1 (fr) | 1990-05-18 | 1990-05-18 | Projectiles penetrants. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0457657A1 EP0457657A1 (de) | 1991-11-21 |
EP0457657B1 true EP0457657B1 (de) | 1994-09-14 |
Family
ID=9396755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91401208A Expired - Lifetime EP0457657B1 (de) | 1990-05-18 | 1991-05-07 | Durchdringendes Geschoss |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5109774A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0457657B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69103957T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2059077T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2662240A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2049649B1 (es) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-12-16 | Edb Sa | Submunicion antipista |
DE4327214C1 (de) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-01-12 | Deutsche Aerospace | Verlegevorrichtung für Penetratoren mit eingebauten Sensoren |
US5596166A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1997-01-21 | Logicon Rda | Penetrating vehicle with rocket motor |
AU755039B2 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-11-28 | Rafael-Armament Development Authority Ltd. | An armor piercing projectile |
US6276277B1 (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2001-08-21 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Rocket-boosted guided hard target penetrator |
US6494140B1 (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2002-12-17 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Modular rocket boosted penetrating warhead |
NO995142A (no) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-10-16 | Nammo Raufoss As | Fremdriftsanordning for et prosjektil i et missil |
US6782829B1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2004-08-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Non-lethal cargo projectile |
US7795567B2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2010-09-14 | Raytheon Company | Guided kinetic penetrator |
ES2385040T3 (es) * | 2005-07-01 | 2012-07-17 | Saab Ab | Pieza de munición con precursor cinético |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB191516210A (en) * | 1915-11-17 | 1919-06-05 | Henri Antoine Pacton | Improvements in Projectiles. |
FR618654A (fr) * | 1925-11-16 | 1927-03-15 | Procédé et dispositif pour le lancement des bombes à partir des aéronefs | |
US3774540A (en) * | 1971-12-01 | 1973-11-27 | Us Navy | Terradynamic brake |
GB1364160A (en) * | 1972-12-15 | 1974-08-21 | Diehl | High explosive projectile |
DE2654827A1 (de) * | 1976-12-03 | 1978-06-08 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Mittels eines traegergeschosses verschiessbare hohlladungstochtergeschosse |
DE2655674C3 (de) * | 1976-12-08 | 1981-11-05 | Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke GmbH & Co, 7341 Bad Überkingen | Brandkörper mit Verankerungsspitze |
US4090446A (en) * | 1977-02-02 | 1978-05-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Controlled depth of burial penetrator |
DE3049623A1 (de) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-07-29 | Knaus, Hans A.J., 7800 Freiburg | Panzerbrechendes geschoss |
FR2601763B1 (fr) * | 1983-09-08 | 1992-06-05 | France Etat Armement | Projectile sous-calibre de type fleche pour blindages actifs |
DE3806731A1 (de) * | 1987-07-10 | 1989-01-26 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Submunitions-wirkteil, sowie flechettes-gefechtskopf und flechettes dafuer |
-
1990
- 1990-05-18 FR FR9006246A patent/FR2662240A1/fr active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-05-07 ES ES91401208T patent/ES2059077T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-07 EP EP91401208A patent/EP0457657B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-07 DE DE69103957T patent/DE69103957T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-14 US US07/699,601 patent/US5109774A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2059077T3 (es) | 1994-11-01 |
EP0457657A1 (de) | 1991-11-21 |
DE69103957D1 (de) | 1994-10-20 |
FR2662240A1 (fr) | 1991-11-22 |
FR2662240B1 (de) | 1994-07-13 |
US5109774A (en) | 1992-05-05 |
DE69103957T2 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
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