EP0451747B1 - Continuously working mix kneader - Google Patents

Continuously working mix kneader Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451747B1
EP0451747B1 EP91105497A EP91105497A EP0451747B1 EP 0451747 B1 EP0451747 B1 EP 0451747B1 EP 91105497 A EP91105497 A EP 91105497A EP 91105497 A EP91105497 A EP 91105497A EP 0451747 B1 EP0451747 B1 EP 0451747B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
kneading
disk
elements
bars
rotation
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EP91105497A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0451747A1 (en
Inventor
Walther Dr. Ing. Schwenk
Jörg Dipl.-Ing. List
Winfried Dr. Ing. Dötsch
Pierre Ing. Htl Liechti
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List AG
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List AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B01F27/707—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms the paddles co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the receptacle wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuously operating mixer kneader for the thermal treatment of products in a liquid, pasty and / or powdery state in a housing, wherein in this housing axially and concentrically arranged a kneader shaft with disk elements and kneading bars and rotating about an axis of rotation is arranged, which causes the transport of the product in the direction of transport, and kneading counter-elements are provided fixedly on the housing between the disc elements, the disc elements also being arranged in disc planes perpendicular to the kneader shaft and forming free sectors between them, which form kneading spaces with the disc plane of adjacent disc elements.
  • a generally horizontal mixer kneader normally works with medium product fill levels between 50% and 80%. This makes it possible to supply or remove gases or vapors during the process.
  • the inventor has set himself the task of adapting the arrangement of kneading bars on the kneader shaft systematically to a desired axial transport, a desired degree of filling along the kneader and thus a desired residence time and residence time distribution and the intensity of the mixing and kneading action.
  • the kneading bars are arranged on a positive or negative offset line in the knee spaces between two disc elements are, with a "positive" offset line each kneading bar assigned to each two disc elements against the direction of rotation followed by a kneading bar assigned to the next two disc elements of the kneading space following in the transport direction, while the "negative" offset line runs in the direction of rotation or transport direction.
  • An essential finding of the present invention is that both the transport speed and thus the dwell time of the product in the mixing kneader as well as the intensity of the mixing and kneading effect are significantly influenced by the arrangement of the kneading bars to the disk elements and by the offset of the kneading bars on the kneader shaft. If the kneading bars are arranged on a negative offset line, a disk element pair with a kneading bar in the transport direction and a pair of disk elements without kneading bars follow in the opposite direction of rotation. In this area, both the transport of the product is inhibited and the kneading effect is reduced, since the kneading here is only carried out by the disc elements, possibly in interaction with the kneading counter elements.
  • This alternative arrangement of the kneading bars allows the different flow properties of the products to be taken into account; it is even possible to take into account the changing physical states of the product between an inlet and an outlet.
  • a stronger or weaker backmixing and consequently a broader or narrower residence time distribution can be used, for example, to influence chemical reaction processes or mixing and kneading processes in the desired manner. For example, short-term dosing fluctuations are compensated for.
  • Another possibility is to influence the degree of filling profile along the kneader and e.g. to achieve a lower degree of filling locally under a vapor discharge nozzle, for the purpose of better vapor removal.
  • the kneading bars are preferably not located in the middle between two disk elements, but are arranged in front of or behind the disk elements. While the product remains trapped between the disk elements despite the kneading effect of the kneading bar between two disk elements when the kneading bar is arranged, it can adapt to the direction given by the kneading bar when leading or trailing. This can accelerate the transport.
  • the number of disk elements which are arranged within a disk plane around the kneader shaft plays only a minor role in the present invention.
  • disk elements which have an angular offset of 120 °. However, fewer or more disk elements can also be provided.
  • larger free sectors are to be formed between the disk elements, by means of which the axial transport and the mixing are likewise improved in a targeted and desired manner.
  • only one disk element per disk level can be present on the kneader shaft.
  • the larger non-binding sectors lie on a positive or negative sector line.
  • These positive or negative sector lines are arranged analogously to the positive or negative offset lines of the kneading bars. This means that in the case of a negative sector line, the larger free sectors of neighboring knee spaces follow one another in the opposite direction of rotation, opposite to the direction of rotation. In contrast, the larger free sectors on the positive sector line follow each other in the opposite direction of rotation and in the direction of transport.
  • the product is transferred from one non-binding sector to another and that of course the transport is accelerated.
  • the fastest transport is ensured by combining the arrangement of the kneading bars on a positive offset line and the arrangement of the non-binding sectors on a positive sector line.
  • the product transport considerably reduces the arrangement of kneading bars on a negative offset line and the arrangement of sectors on a negative sector line.
  • a mix of positive offset line and negative sector line and positive sector and negative offset line is also possible.
  • the present invention allows the axial transport behavior and the backmixing (residence time distribution) of a product to be influenced in a desired manner in continuous operation and as a function of the flow behavior.
  • a mixing kneader has a mostly horizontally arranged housing 1 with end walls 10 and 15.
  • a kneader shaft 20 rotates in this housing 1 and is supported with the pins 21 and 22 in the bearings 12 and 17 on both sides of the housing 1.
  • a heating jacket for heating the housing is identified by 2.
  • the kneader shaft 20 is also preferably heated or cooled in a known manner, with an inlet 29 and an outlet 30 for a heating medium being provided on a corresponding sealing head.
  • the kneader shaft 20 is driven by a motor (not shown in more detail) by means of a V-belt placed over a V-belt pulley 23, a transmission 24 being engaged between the V-belt pulley 23 and the kneader shaft 20.
  • the mixer kneader shown in Figure 1 is intended for continuous operation.
  • the product is filled into the interior of the housing through an inlet nozzle 3 and removed via the outlet nozzle 4.
  • various nozzles 5 are provided on the top for removing vapors.
  • an overflow weir 32 is provided in a flange connection 31 in front of the outlet connection 4 in the exemplary embodiment of a mixing kneader.
  • Disc elements 25 are located on the rotating kneader shaft 20 at regular intervals, each having a disc bar 26 placed thereon. Between the individual sections of disk elements, the disk bars 26 are separated from one another by gaps 34, so that 20 kneading counter-elements 33 can be passed through during operation of the kneader shaft. For this purpose, the kneading counter-elements 33 are inserted into the housing 1 with a flange 35, but can also be welded directly.
  • each kneading counter element 33 consists of a fastening flange 35, a neck 36, a kneading arm 37 which extends approximately axially parallel to the housing wall, a disk scraper 38 arranged parallel to the disk elements and a shaft scraper 39 resting on the shaft.
  • this is Design of the kneading counter element 33 selected only as an example. Other arrangements are of course also conceivable, as shown for example in CH-A-661 450, EP-A-0 220 575 and DE-A-23 49 106.
  • Kneading bars 40 are located on the kneader shaft between the individual levels which are formed by the disk elements 25.
  • three disk elements 25a, 25b and 25c are arranged in each disk plane.
  • the respective disk bars 26 are set at a certain angle w to an axis-parallel line 41, which means that a transport in the direction x from the inlet nozzle to the outlet nozzle takes place.
  • the kneading bars 40 are located between two levels of disk elements 25, two of these levels being indicated by the reference number 42, for example in FIG.
  • the kneading bars 40 are located between two disk planes 42 and there in the area between successive disk elements 25, whereby these kneading bars 40 can assume a variable position. In the one position shown, the kneading bars 40 are slightly ahead of two disk elements 25, i.e. close to disk bars 26. These kneading bars are identified in the present exemplary embodiment by 40a.
  • the kneading bars 40b are trailing to the disk elements 25, so that they are relatively far away from the disk bars 26 of the following disk elements.
  • This possibility of positioning the kneading bars 40 in the region between two disk elements 25a and 25b is characterized in FIG. 2 by the angle ⁇ .
  • the displacement of the kneading bars 40 from one kneading space 28 to a next kneading space 28 between two disc planes 42 is important.
  • the offset takes place against the direction of rotation z, the offset being referred to here as positive.
  • the offset is also indicated by the dash-dotted lines 43. This arrangement accelerates the transport of products in the transport direction x.
  • the number of disk elements 25 is three per disk plane 42. With a regular arrangement, this results in an angular offset ⁇ of 120 ° between the disk elements 25.
  • the arrangement of disk elements 25 and kneading counter-elements 33 is the same as in FIG. 2.
  • the two exemplary embodiments differ with regard to the positioning of kneading bars 40 to disk elements 25 or gap 34.
  • the kneading bars 40a are here in the kneeling direction, for example successively staggered from the kneading chamber 28 to the kneading chamber 28 in the transport direction x between two disc planes 42. This results in a negative offset line 44, as is indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • the kneading bars 40 are arranged here as leading kneading bars 40a or as trailing kneading bars 40b, which are only shown in broken lines. It can be clearly seen in this embodiment that the transport effect is more negative than in the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • each kneading bar in the following kneading space 28 between two disk elements is followed by a kneading bar.
  • the product is transferred from kneading bars to kneading bars, which speeds up transport.
  • a kneading bar 40 in the transport direction x in the following kneading space 28 between two disc planes 42 is followed only by a gap 34 without kneading bars.
  • the product is therefore not transferred from kneading bars to kneading bars, which delays the transport.
  • FIG. 4 A further possibility of assigning kneading bars 40 to disk elements 25 and thus influencing the axial transport, the dwell time and the intensity of the mixing and kneading action is shown in FIG. 4.
  • a large number of kneading bars are provided, while one disk element has been left out per disk plane 42.
  • the gap which the disk element leaves in the disk plane 42 is referred to as sector 47 and, in this exemplary embodiment, follows one another successively in the direction of rotation z from the kneading chamber 28 to the kneading chamber 28, as represented by the broken line 45. This line is called the negative sector line.
  • the offset line 44 of the kneading bars is also negative, so that the transport of the product is considerably reduced in this embodiment.
  • two kneading bars 40 are provided in this sector 47.
  • a sector 47 is again provided between disk elements 25. However, this sector 47 is now arranged against the direction of rotation z in successive knee spaces 28, so that here there is a positive sector line 46 which has a positive influence on the product transport. The product is passed on from sector to sector, so to speak, when the shaft is rotated in the direction of rotation z.
  • the kneading bars are again only provided individually for each sector and are arranged on a negative offset line 44. This means that here the product is on the one hand exposed to positive transport in the sectors and on the other hand to negative transport through the arrangement of the kneading bars 40. It is understandable that this significantly improves and increases the axial mixing and kneading of the product.
  • both the sectors between two disk elements 25 and the kneading bars 40 are located on a positive offset or sector line 43/46. This enables very good evasive movements of the product in the transport direction x, so that the axial transport and at the same time the kneading of the products is influenced very positively.
  • the sectors are arranged on a negative sector line 45 in the direction of rotation, while the kneading bars 40 are located on a positive offset line 43.
  • the positive offset line 43 accelerates the transport of the product in the transport direction x, but in turn slows it down due to the negative arrangement of the sectors on the sector line 45. This also has a positive effect on a desired kneading or mixing effect.
  • a kneader shaft 20f in FIG. 8 two disk elements are omitted for each disk plane 42, specifically in the direction of rotation, i.e. with a negative sector line 45.
  • the kneading bars 40 are also arranged on negative offset lines 44.
  • the transport of the product in the transport direction x is inhibited twice, because there are always kneading bars or disc elements in the way of the product. Of course, this improves the kneading effect.
  • the free cross sections for the axial passage of vapors or gases are larger.
  • the sectors are arranged between the disk elements 25 on a positive sector line 46, while the kneading bars 40 are on a negative offset line 44.
  • the reduction in the number of kneading bars should also be mentioned here. While three kneading bars were arranged between two disk elements in the embodiment according to FIG. 8, there is only one kneading bar between two disk elements in the embodiment according to FIG. 9, whereby two kneading bars from three successive knee spaces are close to one disk element, while the third kneading bar is located is located in the third kneading chamber approximately exactly between the two remaining disc elements. Despite this reduction in the number of kneading elements, as in all examples, the requirement for extensive self-cleaning in interaction with the static kneading elements is met.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the kneader shaft 20h in FIG. 10 is the counterpart to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, both sectors and kneading bars being provided here on a positive offset line 43 or positive sector line 46. Again, there are three kneading bars between the individual disc elements.
  • a kneader shaft 20i is shown in FIG. 11, which represents the counterpart to the kneader shaft 20g in FIG.
  • the kneading bars 40 are located on a positive offset line 43 and the sectors between the disk elements 25 are located on a negative sector line 45.
  • the positive offset line 43 of the kneading bars improves the product transport, it is again due to the negative arrangement of the sectors on the negative sector line 45 inhibited.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Abstract

In the case of a continuously operating mixing kneader for the thermal or chemical treatment of products in liquid, pasty and/or pulverulent state in a housing, there is arranged in this housing, running axially, a kneader shaft (20), which is equipped with disk elements (25) and kneading bars (40) and rotates about an axis of rotation (z). Said kneader shaft effects the transporting of the product in the direction of transport (x). Between the disk elements (25) there are provided kneading counter-elements (33), fixed to the housing (1), the disk elements (25) being arranged furthermore in disk planes (42) perpendicularly to the kneader shaft and forming between them free sectors, which create kneading chambers with the disk plane (42) of adjacent disk elements (25). In this arrangement, the kneading bars (40) are intended to be arranged on a positive or negative offset line (43 or 44) in the kneading chambers between two disk planes (42). In the case of a positive offset line (43), each kneading bar (40 ) respectively assigned to two disk elements (25) is followed, counter to the direction of rotation (z), by a kneading bar assigned to the next two disk elements of the kneading chamber (28) following in the direction of transport (x), whereas the negative offset line (44) runs in the direction of rotation (z) and the direction of transport (x).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen kontinuierlich arbeitenden Mischkneter für die thermische Behandlung von Produkten in flüssigem, pastösem und/oder pulverförmigem Zustand in einem Gehäuse, wobei in diesem Gehäuse axial und konzentrisch verlaufend eine mit Scheibenelementen und Knetbarren besetzte und um eine Drehachse drehende Kneterwelle angeordnet ist, welche den Transport des Produktes in Transportrichtung bewirkt, und zwischen den Scheibenelementen Knetgegenelemente am Gehäuse festliegend vorgesehen sind, wobei ferner die Scheibenelemente in Scheibenebenen senkrecht zur Kneterwelle angeordnet sind und zwischen sich freie Sektoren ausbilden, welche mit der Scheibenebene von benachbarten Scheibenelementen Knetrräume ausformen.The invention relates to a continuously operating mixer kneader for the thermal treatment of products in a liquid, pasty and / or powdery state in a housing, wherein in this housing axially and concentrically arranged a kneader shaft with disk elements and kneading bars and rotating about an axis of rotation is arranged, which causes the transport of the product in the direction of transport, and kneading counter-elements are provided fixedly on the housing between the disc elements, the disc elements also being arranged in disc planes perpendicular to the kneader shaft and forming free sectors between them, which form kneading spaces with the disc plane of adjacent disc elements.

Ein in der Regel horizontaler Mischkneter arbeitet normalerweise bei mittleren Produktfüllgraden zwischen 50% und 80%. Dadurch ist es möglich, Gase oder Dämpfe während des Prozesses zu- oder abführen.A generally horizontal mixer kneader normally works with medium product fill levels between 50% and 80%. This makes it possible to supply or remove gases or vapors during the process.

Der grundlegende Gedanke eines derartigen Mischkneters ist in der DE-C-23 49 106 festgelegt. Dort wird ein Mischkneter der oben genannten Art aufgezeigt, bei welchem zur Verbesserung der Misch- und Knetwirkung sowie zur Abreinigung der einzelnen Elemente Scheibenelemente und Knetgegenelemente sehr günstig zusammenwirken. Durch die Schrägstellung einzelner Elemente wird auch die axiale Transportwirkung günstig beeinflusst. Allerdings hat sich herausgestellt, dass in den Räumen zwischen zwei Scheibenebenen trotz der Knetgegenelemente eine gewisse Torusbildung möglich ist, was so viel bedeutet, dass in dem Knetraum das Produkt stehen bleibt und nicht geknetet wird. Um dieser Torusbildung entgegenzuwirken, zeigt beispielsweise die DE-A-37 04 268 bereits Transportelemente, welche durch eine Schrägstellung eines Transportbarrens das Produkt besser transportieren.The basic idea of such a mixer kneader is specified in DE-C-23 49 106. There, a mixing kneader of the type mentioned above is shown, in which disk elements and kneading counter-elements cooperate very favorably to improve the mixing and kneading effect and to clean the individual elements. The axial transport effect is also favorably influenced by the inclination of individual elements. However, it has been found that, despite the kneading counter-elements, a certain amount of torus formation is possible in the spaces between two disc levels, which means that the product remains in the kneading space and is not kneaded. In order to counteract this torus formation, DE-A-37 04 268, for example, already shows transport elements which better transport the product by inclining a transport bar.

Das gleiche gilt auch für die Mischerarme nach der DE-A-35 38 070, welche lediglich eine zusätzliche Umschichtung und Durchmischung besorgen.The same also applies to the mixer arms according to DE-A-35 38 070, which only provide additional shifting and mixing.

Der Erfinder hat sich zur Aufgabe gestellt, die Anordnung von Knetbarren auf der Kneterwelle systematisch einem gewünschten Axialtransport, einem gewünschten Füllgradprofil längs des Kneters und damit einer gewünschten Verweilzeit und Verweilzeitverteilung sowie der Intensität der Misch- und Knetwirkung anzupassen.The inventor has set himself the task of adapting the arrangement of kneading bars on the kneader shaft systematically to a desired axial transport, a desired degree of filling along the kneader and thus a desired residence time and residence time distribution and the intensity of the mixing and kneading action.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe führt, dass die Knetbarren auf einer positiven oder negativen Versatzlinie in den Kneträumen zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen angeordnet sind, wobei bei einer "positiven" Versatzlinie jedem jeweils zwei Scheibenelementen zugeordneten Knetbarren gegen die Drehrichtung ein den nächsten zwei Scheibenelementen des in Transportrichtung folgenden Knetraumes zugeordneter Knetbarren nachfolgt, während die "negative" Versatzlinie in Drehrichtung bzw. Transportrichtung verläuft.To achieve this object, the kneading bars are arranged on a positive or negative offset line in the knee spaces between two disc elements are, with a "positive" offset line each kneading bar assigned to each two disc elements against the direction of rotation followed by a kneading bar assigned to the next two disc elements of the kneading space following in the transport direction, while the "negative" offset line runs in the direction of rotation or transport direction.

Wesentliche Erkenntnis der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, dass sowohl Transportgeschwindigkeit und damit die Verweilzeit des Produktes in dem Mischkneter als auch die Intensität der Misch- und Knetwirkung durch die Anordnung der Knetbarren zu den Scheibenelementen sowie durch den Versatz der Knetbarren auf der Kneterwelle erheblich beeinflusst wird. Werden die Knetbarren auf einer negativen Versatzlinie angeordnet, so folgt auf ein Scheibenelementpaar mit einem Knetbarren in Transportrichtung und entgegen der Drehrichtung ein Scheibenelementpaar ohne Knetbarren. In diesem Bereich wird sowohl der Transport des Produktes gehemmt, wie auch die Knetwirkung vermindert, da die Knetung hier nur durch die Scheibenelemente ggfs. im Zusammenspiel mit den Knetgegenelementen erfolgt.An essential finding of the present invention is that both the transport speed and thus the dwell time of the product in the mixing kneader as well as the intensity of the mixing and kneading effect are significantly influenced by the arrangement of the kneading bars to the disk elements and by the offset of the kneading bars on the kneader shaft. If the kneading bars are arranged on a negative offset line, a disk element pair with a kneading bar in the transport direction and a pair of disk elements without kneading bars follow in the opposite direction of rotation. In this area, both the transport of the product is inhibited and the kneading effect is reduced, since the kneading here is only carried out by the disc elements, possibly in interaction with the kneading counter elements.

Bei einer positiven Versatzlinie folgt in Transportrichtung und entgegen der Drehrichtung gesehen auf ein Scheibenelementpaar mit Knetbarren ein weiteres Scheibenelementpaar mit ebenfalls einem Knetbarren. Das Produkt wird quasi von dem einem Knetbarren auf den anderen Knetbarren weitergegeben, wodurch zum einen der Transport beschleunigt als auch die Knetwirkung erheblich verbessert wird.With a positive offset line, seen in the direction of transport and against the direction of rotation, a pair of disk elements with kneading bars is followed by another pair of disk elements with a kneading bar. The product is quasi passed from one kneading bar to the other kneading bar, which on the one hand accelerates the transport and considerably improves the kneading effect.

Durch diese alternative Anordnung der Knetbarren kann den unterschiedlichen Fließeigenschaften der Produkte Rechnung getragen werden, es ist sogar möglich, den wechselnden Aggregatzuständen des Produktes zwischen einem Einlass und einem Auslauf Rechnung zu tragen. Durch eine stärkere oder schwächere Rückvermischung und folglich durch eine breitere oder engere Verweilzeitverteilung lassen sich zum Beispiel chemische Reaktionsprozesse oder Misch- und Knetprozesse in gewünschter Weise beeinflussen. Beispielsweise werden kurzzeitige Dosierschwankungen ausgeglichen.This alternative arrangement of the kneading bars allows the different flow properties of the products to be taken into account; it is even possible to take into account the changing physical states of the product between an inlet and an outlet. A stronger or weaker backmixing and consequently a broader or narrower residence time distribution can be used, for example, to influence chemical reaction processes or mixing and kneading processes in the desired manner. For example, short-term dosing fluctuations are compensated for.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, das Füllgradprofil längs des Kneters zu beeinflussen und z.B. lokal unter einem Brüdenabzugsstutzen einen niedrigeren Füllgrad zu erzielen, zwecks besserer Dampfabfuhr.Another possibility is to influence the degree of filling profile along the kneader and e.g. to achieve a lower degree of filling locally under a vapor discharge nozzle, for the purpose of better vapor removal.

Bevorzugt befinden sich die Knetbarren nicht in der Mitte zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen, sondern sind den Scheibenelementen vorlaufend oder nachlaufend angeordnet. Während bei einer Anordnung des Knetbarren zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen das Produkt trotz der Knetwirkung des Knetbarren zwischen den Scheibenelementen gefangen bleibt, kann es bei einem Vorlaufen oder Nachlaufen sich der Richtungsweisung durch den Knetbarren anpassen. Hierdurch kann der Transport beschleunigt sein.The kneading bars are preferably not located in the middle between two disk elements, but are arranged in front of or behind the disk elements. While the product remains trapped between the disk elements despite the kneading effect of the kneading bar between two disk elements when the kneading bar is arranged, it can adapt to the direction given by the kneading bar when leading or trailing. This can accelerate the transport.

Die Anzahl der Scheibenelemente, welche innerhalb einer Scheibenebene um die Kneterwelle angeordnet sind, spielt in der vorliegenden Erfindung nur eine untergeordnete Rolle.The number of disk elements which are arranged within a disk plane around the kneader shaft plays only a minor role in the present invention.

Üblicherweise sind es drei Scheibenelemente, welche einen Winkelversatz von 120° aufweisen. Es können aber auch weniger oder mehr Scheibenelemente vorgesehen sein.Usually there are three disk elements which have an angular offset of 120 °. However, fewer or more disk elements can also be provided.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung sollen zwischen den Scheibenelementen grössere freie Sektoren gebildet sein, durch welche ebenfalls der Axialtransport und die Durchmischung gezielt und gewünscht verbessert werden. Im Extremfall kann auf der Kneterwelle auch nur ein Scheibenelement pro Scheibenebene vorhanden sein.In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, larger free sectors are to be formed between the disk elements, by means of which the axial transport and the mixing are likewise improved in a targeted and desired manner. In extreme cases, only one disk element per disk level can be present on the kneader shaft.

Wesentlich ist bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung, dass die grösseren freibleibenden Sektoren auf einer positiven oder negativen Sektorenlinie liegen. Diese positiven bzw. negativen Sektorenlinien sind analog angeordnet wie die positiven bzw. negativen Versatzlinien der Knetbarren. D.h., dass bei einer negativen Sektorenlinie die grösseren freien Sektoren benachbarter Kneträume gegen die Transportrichtung gesehen entgegen der Drehrichtung aufeinanderfolgen. Dagegen folgen die grösseren freien Sektoren auf der positiven Sektorenlinie entgegen der Drehrichtung und in Transportrichtung aufeinander. Auch hier ist deutlich erkennbar, dass das Produkt von einem freibleibenden Sektor zum anderen übergeben wird und dadurch selbstverständlich der Transport beschleunigt ist.It is essential in this embodiment of the invention that the larger non-binding sectors lie on a positive or negative sector line. These positive or negative sector lines are arranged analogously to the positive or negative offset lines of the kneading bars. This means that in the case of a negative sector line, the larger free sectors of neighboring knee spaces follow one another in the opposite direction of rotation, opposite to the direction of rotation. In contrast, the larger free sectors on the positive sector line follow each other in the opposite direction of rotation and in the direction of transport. Here, too, it can be clearly seen that the product is transferred from one non-binding sector to another and that of course the transport is accelerated.

Es ist nun möglich, die positiven und negativen Sektorenlinien mit jeweils den positiven bzw. negativen Versatzlinien der Knetbarren zu koppeln. Hierdurch ist jede denkbare Konstellation möglich.It is now possible to couple the positive and negative sector lines with the positive and negative offset lines of the kneading bars. This makes every conceivable constellation possible.

Der schnellste Transport wierd bei der Kombination von Anordnung der Knetbarren auf einer positiven Versatzlinie und Anordnung der freibleibenden Sektoren auf einer positiven Sektorenlinie gewährleistet.The fastest transport is ensured by combining the arrangement of the kneading bars on a positive offset line and the arrangement of the non-binding sectors on a positive sector line.

Den Produkttransport vermindert erheblich die Anordnung von Knetbarren auf einer negativen Versatzlinie und die Anordnung von Sektoren auf einer negativen Sektorenlinie. Eine Mischung von positiver Versatzlinie und negativer Sektorenlinie und positiver Sektoren- und negativer Versatzlinie ist ebenfalls möglich.The product transport considerably reduces the arrangement of kneading bars on a negative offset line and the arrangement of sectors on a negative sector line. A mix of positive offset line and negative sector line and positive sector and negative offset line is also possible.

Ein weiteres gezieltes Steuern des Produkttransportes und der Knetwirkung erfolgt durch die Auswahl der Menge der Knetbarren, wobei hier ebenfalls eine Vielzahl von Variationen denkbar ist. All diese Variationen sollen vom vorliegenden Erfindungsgedanken umfasst sein.A further targeted control of the product transport and the kneading effect takes place through the selection of the quantity of the kneading bars, a large number of variations also being conceivable here. All of these variations are intended to be encompassed by the present inventive concept.

Ferner besteht auch die Möglichkeit, innerhalb eines Mischkneters unterschiedliche Abschnitte auszubilden, in denen die Anordnung der Knetbarren und/oder die Verteilung der Sektoren je nach Wunsch ebenfalls unterschiedlich ausgebildet ist. Hierdurch kann eine zonenweise Beschleunigung bzw. Verzögerung des Produkttransports erreicht werden, um damit ein gewünschtes Füllgradprofil zu erzielen.Furthermore, there is also the possibility of forming different sections within a mixing kneader, in which the arrangement of the kneading bars and / or the distribution of the sectors is also designed differently, as desired. In this way, a zone-wise acceleration or deceleration of the product transport can be achieved in order to achieve a desired filling level profile.

Durch die vorliegenden Erfindung kann gezielt das axiale Transportverhalten und die Rückvermischung (Verweilzeitverteilung) eines Produktes im kontinuierlichen Betrieb und in Abhängigkeit vom Fliessverhalten in gewünschter Weise beinflusst werden.The present invention allows the axial transport behavior and the backmixing (residence time distribution) of a product to be influenced in a desired manner in continuous operation and as a function of the flow behavior.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung; diese zeigt in

Figur 1
eine Draufsicht auf einen teilweise aufgebrochenen Mischkneter;
Figur 2
einen Querschnitt durch den Mischkneter entlang Linie II-II in Figur 1 sowie einen Teil einer Wellenabwicklung;
Figuren 3-11
einen Querschnitt entsprechend Figur 2 durch verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Mischknetern sowie entsprechende Wellenabwicklungen.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in
Figure 1
a plan view of a partially broken mixer kneader;
Figure 2
a cross section through the mixer kneader along line II-II in Figure 1 and part of a shaft development;
Figures 3-11
a cross section corresponding to Figure 2 through various embodiments of mixer kneaders and corresponding shaft developments.

Ein erfindungsgemässer Mischkneter weist gemäss Figur 1 ein meist horizontal angeordnetes Gehäuse 1 mit Stirnwänden 10 und 15 auf. In diesem Gehäuse 1 rotiert eine Kneterwelle 20, die mit den Zapfen 21 und 22 in den Lagern 12 und 17 auf beiden Seiten des Gehäuses 1 abgestützt ist. In den Stirnwänden 10 und 15 befinden sich Stopfbuchsen oder Gleitringdichtungen 13 und 18, welche die rotierende Kneterwelle 20 nach aussen hin in bekannter Weise abdichten. Mit 2 ist ein Heizmantel zur Beheizung des Gehäuses gekennzeichnet.According to FIG. 1, a mixing kneader according to the invention has a mostly horizontally arranged housing 1 with end walls 10 and 15. A kneader shaft 20 rotates in this housing 1 and is supported with the pins 21 and 22 in the bearings 12 and 17 on both sides of the housing 1. In the end walls 10 and 15 there are glands or mechanical seals 13 and 18, which seal the rotating kneader shaft 20 to the outside in a known manner. A heating jacket for heating the housing is identified by 2.

Bevorzugt wird auch die Kneterwelle 20 in bekannter Weise beheizt oder gekühlt, wobei an einem entsprechenden Dichtkopf ein Zulauf 29 und ein Austritt 30 für ein Heizmittel vorgesehen ist.The kneader shaft 20 is also preferably heated or cooled in a known manner, with an inlet 29 and an outlet 30 for a heating medium being provided on a corresponding sealing head.

Die Kneterwelle 20 wird von einem nicht näher gezeigten Motor mittels einem über eine Keilriemenscheibe 23 gelegten Keilriemen angetrieben, wobei zwischen Keilriemenscheibe 23 und Kneterwelle 20 noch ein Getriebe 24 eingeschaltet ist.The kneader shaft 20 is driven by a motor (not shown in more detail) by means of a V-belt placed over a V-belt pulley 23, a transmission 24 being engaged between the V-belt pulley 23 and the kneader shaft 20.

Der in Figur 1 gezeigte Mischkneter ist für einen kontinuierlichen Betrieb gedacht. Dabei wird das Produkt durch einen Einlaufstutzen 3 in das Innere des Gehäuses gefüllt und über den Auslaufstutzen 4 entnommen. Ferner sind auf der Oberseite diverse Stutzen 5 zur Abführung von Brüden vorgesehen. Um die optimale Füllung der Maschine im Bereich von 50% bis 80% bei verschiedenen Drehzahlen möglichst gleich zu halten, ist vor dem Auslaufstutzen 4 im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel eines Mischkneters in einer Flanschverbindung 31 ein Überlaufwehr 32 vorgesehen.The mixer kneader shown in Figure 1 is intended for continuous operation. The product is filled into the interior of the housing through an inlet nozzle 3 and removed via the outlet nozzle 4. Furthermore, various nozzles 5 are provided on the top for removing vapors. In order to keep the optimal filling of the machine in the range of 50% to 80% at different speeds as constant as possible, an overflow weir 32 is provided in a flange connection 31 in front of the outlet connection 4 in the exemplary embodiment of a mixing kneader.

Auf der rotierenden Kneterwelle 20 befinden sich in regelmässigen Abständen Scheibenelemente 25, den jeweils ein Scheibenbarren 26 aufgesetzt ist. Zwischen den einzelnen Sektionen von Scheibenelementen sind die Scheibenbarren 26 durch Lücken 34 voneinander getrennt, so dass beim Betrieb der Kneterwelle 20 Knetgegenelemente 33 durchfahren werden können. Hierzu sind die Knetgegenelemente 33 mit einem Flansch 35 in das Gehäuse 1 eingesetzt, können jedoch auch direkt eingeschweisst werden.Disc elements 25 are located on the rotating kneader shaft 20 at regular intervals, each having a disc bar 26 placed thereon. Between the individual sections of disk elements, the disk bars 26 are separated from one another by gaps 34, so that 20 kneading counter-elements 33 can be passed through during operation of the kneader shaft. For this purpose, the kneading counter-elements 33 are inserted into the housing 1 with a flange 35, but can also be welded directly.

Jedes Knetgegenelement 33 besteht in diesem Fall aus einem Befestigungsflansch 35, einem Hals 36, einem sich zur Gehäusewand in etwa axial parallel erstreckenden Knetarm 37, einem parallel zu den Scheibenelementen angeordneten Scheibenschaber 38 und einem an der Welle anliegenden Wellenschaber 39. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist diese Ausgestaltung des Knetgegenelementes 33 nur beispielhaft gewählt. Es sind selbstverständlich auch andere Anordnung denkbar, wie beispielsweise in der CH-A-661 450, der EP-A-0 220 575 und der DE-A-23 49 106 aufgezeigt.In this case, each kneading counter element 33 consists of a fastening flange 35, a neck 36, a kneading arm 37 which extends approximately axially parallel to the housing wall, a disk scraper 38 arranged parallel to the disk elements and a shaft scraper 39 resting on the shaft. In the present exemplary embodiment, this is Design of the kneading counter element 33 selected only as an example. Other arrangements are of course also conceivable, as shown for example in CH-A-661 450, EP-A-0 220 575 and DE-A-23 49 106.

Zwischen den einzelnen Ebenen, welche durch die Scheibenelemente 25 gebildet werden, befinden sich auf der Kneterwelle Knetbarren 40.Kneading bars 40 are located on the kneader shaft between the individual levels which are formed by the disk elements 25.

In Figur 2 ist das Verhältnis von Scheibenelement 25 mit Scheibenbarren 26 zu den Knetgegenelementen 33 näher gezeigt und insbesondere auch die Anordnung der Knetbarren 40 verdeutlicht. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung kommt es wesentlich auf die Anordnung der Knetbarren 40 zu den Scheibenelementen 25 an. Insbesondere ist wichtig, in welchem Verhältnis die Knetbarren 40 zu den Scheibenelementen auf der Kneterwelle 20 vorgesehen sind, wobei hier die jeweilige Abwicklung der Kneterwelle 20 im zweiten Teil der nachfolgenden Figuren den besten Eindruck vermittelt. Die Drehrichtung z der Kneterwelle ist angedeutet und ebenfalls auch die axiale Transportrichtung x von dem Einlaufstutzen 3 zu dem nicht näher gezeigten Auslaufstutzen 4.In Figure 2, the relationship of disc element 25 with disc bars 26 to the kneading counter-elements 33 is shown in more detail and in particular the arrangement of the kneading bars 40 is illustrated. In the context of the present invention, the arrangement of the kneading bars 40 to the disk elements 25 is essential. In particular, it is important in what ratio the kneading bars 40 are provided to the disk elements on the kneader shaft 20, the respective development of the kneader shaft 20 in the second part of the following figures giving the best impression. The direction of rotation z of the kneader shaft is indicated and also the axial transport direction x from the inlet connection 3 to the outlet connection 4, not shown in any more detail.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 2 sind in jeder Scheibenebene drei Scheibenelemente 25a, 25b und 25c angeordnet. Die jeweiligen Scheibenbarren 26 sind in einem bestimmten Winkel w zu einer achsparallelen Linie 41 angestellt, wodurch bereits ein Transport in Richtung x vom Einlaufstutzen zum Auslaufstutzen erfolgt.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, three disk elements 25a, 25b and 25c are arranged in each disk plane. The respective disk bars 26 are set at a certain angle w to an axis-parallel line 41, which means that a transport in the direction x from the inlet nozzle to the outlet nozzle takes place.

Die Knetbarren 40 befinden sich zwischen jeweils zwei Ebenen von Scheibenelementen 25, wobei zwei dieser Ebenen beispielhaft in Figur 2 strichpunktiert angedeutet mit der Bezugszahl 42 gekennzeichnet sind.The kneading bars 40 are located between two levels of disk elements 25, two of these levels being indicated by the reference number 42, for example in FIG.

Die Knetbarren 40 befinden sich, wie oben gesagt, zwischen zwei Scheibenebenen 42 und dort jeweils im Bereich zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Scheibenelementen 25, wobei diese Knetbarren 40 eine variable Stellung einnehmen können. In der einen gezeigten Stellung befinden sich die Knetbarren 40 etwas vorlaufend vor zwei Scheibenelementen 25, d.h. nahe an Scheibenbarren 26. Diese Knetbarren sind im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel mit 40a gekennzeichnet.As mentioned above, the kneading bars 40 are located between two disk planes 42 and there in the area between successive disk elements 25, whereby these kneading bars 40 can assume a variable position. In the one position shown, the kneading bars 40 are slightly ahead of two disk elements 25, i.e. close to disk bars 26. These kneading bars are identified in the present exemplary embodiment by 40a.

In einer anderen, gestrichelt angedeuteten Position befinden sich die Knetbarren 40b nachlaufend zu den Scheibenelementen 25, so dass sie relativ weit von den Scheibenbarren 26 der nachfolgenden Scheibenelemente entfernt sind. Diese Möglichkeit der Positionierung der Knetbarren 40 im Bereich zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen 25a und 25b ist in Figur 2 durch den Winkel α gekennzeichnet.In another position, indicated by dashed lines, the kneading bars 40b are trailing to the disk elements 25, so that they are relatively far away from the disk bars 26 of the following disk elements. This possibility of positioning the kneading bars 40 in the region between two disk elements 25a and 25b is characterized in FIG. 2 by the angle α.

Des weiteren ist der Versatz der Knetbarren 40 von einem Knetraum 28 zu einem nächsten Knetraum 28 jeweils zwischen zwei Scheibenebenen 42 wichtig. Gemäss Figur 2 erfolgt der Versatz gegen die Drehrichtung z, wobei hier der Versatz als positiv bezeichnet wird. Der Versatz ist auch durch die jeweils strichpunktierten Linien 43 angedeutet. Diese Anordnung beschleunigt den Transport von Produkten in Transportrichtung x.Furthermore, the displacement of the kneading bars 40 from one kneading space 28 to a next kneading space 28 between two disc planes 42 is important. According to FIG. 2, the offset takes place against the direction of rotation z, the offset being referred to here as positive. The offset is also indicated by the dash-dotted lines 43. This arrangement accelerates the transport of products in the transport direction x.

Die Anzahl der Scheibenelemente 25 beträgt im Beispiel drei pro Scheibenebene 42. Damit ergibt sich bei einer regelmässigen Anordnung ein Winkelversatz γ von 120° zwischen den Scheibenelementen 25.In the example, the number of disk elements 25 is three per disk plane 42. With a regular arrangement, this results in an angular offset γ of 120 ° between the disk elements 25.

Bei der Kneterwelle 20a gemäss Figur 3 ist die Anordnung von Scheibenelementen 25 und Knetgegenelementen 33 die gleiche wie bei Figur 2. Beide Ausführungsbeispiele unterscheiden sich jedoch hinsichtlich der Positionierung von Knetbarren 40 zu Scheibenelementen 25 bzw. Lücke 34. Die Knetbarren 40a sind hier in Knetrichtung z aufeinanderfolgend versetzt angeordnet und zwar von Knetraum 28 zu Knetraum 28 in Transportrichtung x zwischen zwei Scheibenebenen 42. Somit ergibt dies eine negative Versatzlinie 44, wie dies strichpunktiert angedeutet ist. Die Anordnung der Knetbarren 40 erfolgt hier als vorlaufende Knetbarren 40a oder als nachlaufende Knetbarren 40b, welche nur gestrichelt dargestellt sind. Deutlich erkennbar ist bei dieser Ausführung, dass die Transportwirkung negativer ist, als bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 2. Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 2 folgt in Drehrichtung auf jeden Knetbarren im folgenden Knetraum 28 zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen ebenfalls ein Knetbarren.In the kneader shaft 20a according to FIG. 3, the arrangement of disk elements 25 and kneading counter-elements 33 is the same as in FIG. 2. However, the two exemplary embodiments differ with regard to the positioning of kneading bars 40 to disk elements 25 or gap 34. The kneading bars 40a are here in the kneeling direction, for example successively staggered from the kneading chamber 28 to the kneading chamber 28 in the transport direction x between two disc planes 42. This results in a negative offset line 44, as is indicated by dash-dotted lines. The kneading bars 40 are arranged here as leading kneading bars 40a or as trailing kneading bars 40b, which are only shown in broken lines. It can be clearly seen in this embodiment that the transport effect is more negative than in the embodiment according to FIG. 2. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, each kneading bar in the following kneading space 28 between two disk elements is followed by a kneading bar.

Das Produkt wird quasi von Knetbarren zu Knetbarren übergeben, wodurch der Transport beschleunigt wird.The product is transferred from kneading bars to kneading bars, which speeds up transport.

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 3 dagegen folgt auf einen Knetbarren 40 in Transportrichtung x im folgenden Knetraum 28 zwischen zwei Scheibenebenen 42 nur eine Lücke 34 ohne Knetbarren. Hier wird somit das Produkt nicht von Knetbarren zu Knetbarren übergeben, wodurch der Transport verzögert ist.In the present exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, on the other hand, a kneading bar 40 in the transport direction x in the following kneading space 28 between two disc planes 42 is followed only by a gap 34 without kneading bars. The product is therefore not transferred from kneading bars to kneading bars, which delays the transport.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Zuordnung von Knetbarren 40 zu Scheibenelementen 25 und damit der Beeinflussung des Axialtransportes, der Verweilzeit sowie der Intensität der Misch- und Knetwirkung ist in Figur 4 gezeigt. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind eine Vielzahl von Knetbarren vorgesehen, während pro Scheibenebene 42 ein Scheibenelement ausgelassen wurde. Die Lücke, welche das Scheibenelement jeweils in der Scheibenebene 42 hinterlässt, wird als Sektor 47 bezeichnet und folgt bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel in Drehrichtung z von Knetraum 28 zu Knetraum 28 aufeinanderfolgend, wie dies durch die gestrichelte Linie 45 dargestellt ist. Diese Linie wird als negative Sektorenlinie bezeichnet. Auch die Versatzlinie 44 der Knetbarren ist negativ, so dass bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel der Transport des Produktes erheblich vermindert ist. Im übrigen befinden sich hier in jedem Knetraum 28 drei vorlaufende Knetbarren 40a, die Möglichkeit der Anordnung von nachlaufenden Knetbarren ist hier nicht angedeutet. Dort, wo durch den Wegfall eines Scheibenelementes eine Lücke bzw. Sektor 47 zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen 25 entsteht, sind in diesem Sektor 47 jeweils zwei Knetbarren 40 vorgesehen.A further possibility of assigning kneading bars 40 to disk elements 25 and thus influencing the axial transport, the dwell time and the intensity of the mixing and kneading action is shown in FIG. 4. In this exemplary embodiment, a large number of kneading bars are provided, while one disk element has been left out per disk plane 42. The gap which the disk element leaves in the disk plane 42 is referred to as sector 47 and, in this exemplary embodiment, follows one another successively in the direction of rotation z from the kneading chamber 28 to the kneading chamber 28, as represented by the broken line 45. This line is called the negative sector line. The offset line 44 of the kneading bars is also negative, so that the transport of the product is considerably reduced in this embodiment. For the rest, there are three leading kneading bars 40a in each kneading space 28, the possibility of arranging following kneading bars is not indicated here. Where there is a gap or sector 47 between two disc elements 25 due to the omission of a disk element, two kneading bars 40 are provided in this sector 47.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel einer Belegung einer Kneterwelle 20c gemäss Figur 5 ist wiederum ein Sektor 47 zwischen Scheibenelementen 25 vorgesehen. Allerdings ist dieser Sektor 47 nunmehr gegen die Drehrichtung z in aufeinanderfolgenden Kneträumen 28 angeordnet, so dass hier eine positive Sektorenlinie 46 gegeben ist, welche den Produkttransport positiv beeinflusst. Das Produkt wird quasi, wenn die Welle in Drehrichtung z gedreht wird, von Sektor zu Sektor weitergereicht.In the embodiment of an assignment of a kneader shaft 20c according to FIG. 5, a sector 47 is again provided between disk elements 25. However, this sector 47 is now arranged against the direction of rotation z in successive knee spaces 28, so that here there is a positive sector line 46 which has a positive influence on the product transport. The product is passed on from sector to sector, so to speak, when the shaft is rotated in the direction of rotation z.

Die Knetbarren sind bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wiederum nur vereinzelt pro Sektor vorgesehen und auf einer negativen Versatzlinie 44 angeordnet. Dies bedeutet, dass hier das Produkt einerseits einem positiven Transport in den Sektoren und andererseits einem negativen Transport durch die Anordnung der Knetbarren 40 ausgesetzt ist. Es ist verständlich, dass hierdurch die axiale Mischung und Knetung des Produktes wesentlich verbessert und erhöht wird.In this exemplary embodiment, the kneading bars are again only provided individually for each sector and are arranged on a negative offset line 44. This means that here the product is on the one hand exposed to positive transport in the sectors and on the other hand to negative transport through the arrangement of the kneading bars 40. It is understandable that this significantly improves and increases the axial mixing and kneading of the product.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kneterwelle 20d gemäss Figur 6 befinden sich sowohl die Sektoren zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen 25 wie auch die Knetbarren 40 auf einer positiven Versatz- bzw. Sektorenlinie 43/46. Hierdurch sind sehr gute Ausweichbewegungen des Produkts in Transportrichtung x möglich, so dass der axiale Transport und gleichzeitig die Knetung der Produkte sehr positiv beeinflusst ist.In the exemplary embodiment of a kneader shaft 20d according to FIG. 6, both the sectors between two disk elements 25 and the kneading bars 40 are located on a positive offset or sector line 43/46. This enables very good evasive movements of the product in the transport direction x, so that the axial transport and at the same time the kneading of the products is influenced very positively.

Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kneterwelle 20e gemäss Figur 7 ist die umgedrehte Anordnung zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 5 gegeben.In the case of an embodiment of a kneader shaft 20e according to FIG. 7, the reverse arrangement is given to the embodiment of FIG. 5.

Gemäss Figur 7 sind die Sektoren in Drehrichtung auf einer negativen Sektorenlinie 45 angeordnet, während sich die Knetbarren 40 auf einer positiven Versatzlinie 43 befinden. Durch die positive Versatzlinie 43 wird zwar der Transport des Produktes in Transportrichtung x beschleunigt, jedoch wiederum durch die negative Anordnung der Sektoren auf der Sektorenlinie 45 abgebremst. Auch dies wirkt sich positiv auf eine gewünschte Knet- bzw. Mischwirkung aus.According to FIG. 7, the sectors are arranged on a negative sector line 45 in the direction of rotation, while the kneading bars 40 are located on a positive offset line 43. The positive offset line 43 accelerates the transport of the product in the transport direction x, but in turn slows it down due to the negative arrangement of the sectors on the sector line 45. This also has a positive effect on a desired kneading or mixing effect.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kneterwelle 20f in Figur 8 sind pro Scheibenebene 42 jeweils zwei Scheibenelemente weggelassen und zwar in Drehrichtung, d.h. mit einer negativen Sektorenlinie 45. Auch die Knetbarren 40 sind auf negativen Versatzlinien 44 angeordnet. Somit wird der Transport des Produktes in Transportrichtung x doppelt gehemmt, da immer wieder Knetbarren bzw. Scheibenelemente dem Produkt im Wege stehen. Selbstverständlich wird hierdurch die Knetwirkung wiederum verbessert. Die freien Querschnitte für den axialen Durchtritt von Brüden oder Gasen sind grösser.In the exemplary embodiment of a kneader shaft 20f in FIG. 8, two disk elements are omitted for each disk plane 42, specifically in the direction of rotation, i.e. with a negative sector line 45. The kneading bars 40 are also arranged on negative offset lines 44. Thus, the transport of the product in the transport direction x is inhibited twice, because there are always kneading bars or disc elements in the way of the product. Of course, this improves the kneading effect. The free cross sections for the axial passage of vapors or gases are larger.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Kneterwelle 20g gemäss Figur 9 sind die Sektoren zwischen den Scheibenelementen 25 auf einer positiven Sektorenlinie 46 angeordnet, während sich die Knetbarren 40 auf einer negativen Versatzlinie 44 befinden. Dies bedeutet teilweise eine Verbesserung des Transports des Produktes, andererseits aber wiederum eine Hemmung, wodurch die Knetwirkung im Bereich der Hemmung verbessert ist.In the exemplary embodiment of the kneader shaft 20g according to FIG. 9, the sectors are arranged between the disk elements 25 on a positive sector line 46, while the kneading bars 40 are on a negative offset line 44. This means in part an improvement in the transport of the product, but on the other hand an inhibition, which improves the kneading effect in the area of the inhibition.

Im Gegensatz zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 8 ist hier auch die Verringerung der Anzahl der Knetbarren zu erwähnen. Während bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 8 zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen jeweils drei Knetbarren angeordnet waren, befindet sich bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 9 nur noch ein Knetbarren zwischen zwei Scheibenelementen, wobei jeweils zwei Knetbarren von drei aufeinanderfolgenden Kneträume nahe einem Scheibenelement stehen, während sich der dritte Knetbarren in dem dritten Knetraum etwa genau zwischen den beiden verbleibenden Scheibenelementen befindet. Trotz dieser Verringerung der Anzahl der Knetelemente wird wie bei allen Beispielen die Forderung nach einer weitgehenden Selbstreinigung im Zusammenspiel mit den statischen Knetelementen erfüllt.In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, the reduction in the number of kneading bars should also be mentioned here. While three kneading bars were arranged between two disk elements in the embodiment according to FIG. 8, there is only one kneading bar between two disk elements in the embodiment according to FIG. 9, whereby two kneading bars from three successive knee spaces are close to one disk element, while the third kneading bar is located is located in the third kneading chamber approximately exactly between the two remaining disc elements. Despite this reduction in the number of kneading elements, as in all examples, the requirement for extensive self-cleaning in interaction with the static kneading elements is met.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Kneterwelle 20h in Figur 10 ist das Gegenstück zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Figur 8, wobei hier sowohl Sektoren wie auch Knetbarren auf einer positiven Versatzlinie 43 bzw. positiven Sektorenlinie 46 vorgesehen sind. Wiederum befinden sich zwischen den einzelnen Scheibenelementen jeweils drei Knetbarren.The exemplary embodiment of the kneader shaft 20h in FIG. 10 is the counterpart to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, both sectors and kneading bars being provided here on a positive offset line 43 or positive sector line 46. Again, there are three kneading bars between the individual disc elements.

Als letztes Ausführungsbeispiel ist in Figur 11 eine Kneterwelle 20i gezeigt, welche das Gegenstück zu der Kneterwelle 20g in Figur 9 darstellt. Bei dieser Kneterwelle 20i befinden sich die Knetbarren 40 auf einer positiven Versatzlinie 43 und die Sektoren zwischen den Scheibenelementen 25 auf einer negativen Sektorenlinie 45. Durch die positive Versatzlinie 43 der Knetbarren wird zwar der Produkttransport verbessert, jedoch wiederum durch die negative Anordnung der Sektoren auf der negativen Sektorenlinie 45 gehemmt.As a last exemplary embodiment, a kneader shaft 20i is shown in FIG. 11, which represents the counterpart to the kneader shaft 20g in FIG. In this kneader shaft 20i, the kneading bars 40 are located on a positive offset line 43 and the sectors between the disk elements 25 are located on a negative sector line 45. Although the positive offset line 43 of the kneading bars improves the product transport, it is again due to the negative arrangement of the sectors on the negative sector line 45 inhibited.

Claims (11)

  1. Continuously operating mixing kneader for the thermal or chemical treatment of products in the liquid, pasty and/or powdered state in a housing (1), wherein a kneader shaft (20) equipped with disk elements (25) and kneading bars (40) and rotating round an axis of rotation (z) is arranged so as to extend axially and concentrically in this housing (1), the kneader shaft (20) transporting the product in the transporting direction, and wherein kneading counter-elements (33) are provided stationarily on the housing (1) between the disk elements, wherein, moreover, the disk elements (25) are arranged in disk planes (42) perpendicularly to the kneader shaft and form between themselves free sectors (47) which form kneading chambers (28) with the disk plane (42) of adjacent disk elements (25), characterised in that the kneading bars (40) are arranged on a positive or negative offset line (43 or 44) in the kneading chambers between two disk planes (42), wherein, with a "positive" offset line (43), each kneading bar (40) allocated two respective disk elements (25) is followed counter to the direction of rotation (z) by a kneading bar allocated to the next two disk elements of the kneading chamber following in the transporting direction (x) while the "negative" offset line (44) extends in the direction of rotation (z) and transporting direction (x).
  2. Mixing kneader according to claim 1, characterised in that the kneading bars (40a) are arranged in the kneading chambers in such a way that they precede the respective disk elements (25).
  3. Mixing kneader according to claim 1, characterised in that the kneading bars (40b) are arranged in the kneading chambers in such a way that they follow the respective disk elements (25).
  4. Mixing kneader according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that three disk elements (25) are provided in one disk plane (42).
  5. Mixing kneader according to claim 4, characterised in that the disk elements (25) are arranged within a disk plane (42) with an angular offset of 120°.
  6. Mixing kneader according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that at least one disk element (25) is arranged in a disk plane (42) in such a way that major sectors (47) remain free.
  7. Mixing kneader according to claim 6, characterised in that the major free sectors (47) lie on a positive or negative sector line (45 or 46), wherein, with the positive sector line (46), kneading chambers adjacent to the major sectors (47) follow one another counter to the direction of rotation (z) and in the transporting direction (x) while the negative sector line (45) extends in the direction of rotation (z) and in the transporting direction (x).
  8. Mixing kneader according to claim 7, characterised in that each disk element (25) is allocated a kneading bar (40) in each kneading chamber.
  9. Mixing kneader according to claim 8, characterised in that, within the major sectors (47), two respective kneading bars (40) are adjacent and adjoined axially by a respective disk element.
  10. Mixing kneader according to claim 7, characterised in that only one kneading bar (40) is provided in each kneading chamber (28), one kneading bar (40) being arranged between two adjacent disk elements (25) whereas the kneading bar following it in or counter to the transporting direction (x) in the direction of rotation (z), as viewed radially is located closer to the disk element (25) following in or counter to the transporting direction (x) in the direction of rotation (z) and the kneading bar (40) following it in the direction of rotation (z) in or counter to the transporting direction (x), as viewed radially, is arranged close to a further disk element.
  11. Mixing kneader according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the arrangement of the kneading bars (40) and/or of the sectors (47) along the kneader shaft (20) is configured and/or combined differently in zones comprising one or more respective sections.
EP91105497A 1990-04-11 1991-04-08 Continuously working mix kneader Expired - Lifetime EP0451747B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1244/90 1990-04-11
CH124490A CH686406A5 (en) 1990-04-11 1990-04-11 Continuously operating mixing kneader.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0451747A1 EP0451747A1 (en) 1991-10-16
EP0451747B1 true EP0451747B1 (en) 1995-08-16

Family

ID=4205849

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91105497A Expired - Lifetime EP0451747B1 (en) 1990-04-11 1991-04-08 Continuously working mix kneader

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US5147135A (en)
EP (1) EP0451747B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3225406B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE126452T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2040153C (en)
CH (1) CH686406A5 (en)
DE (1) DE59106245D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2077704T3 (en)

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IL113562A (en) * 1995-05-01 1999-08-17 Bromine Compounds Ltd Process for the production of finely granulated solid chemical compounds
NL1000276C2 (en) * 1995-05-02 1996-11-05 Akzo Nobel Nv Process for the production of fibers from poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide).
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US5873945A (en) * 1996-05-16 1999-02-23 Nortru, Inc. Method for recovering a volatile organic material consisting essentially of carbonyl compounds from solvent-in-water emulsions derived from paint overspray treatment and capture systems
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US9394626B2 (en) 2009-08-11 2016-07-19 List Holding Ag Method for treating a monomer, pre-polymer, polymer or a corresponding mixture
US9079984B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2015-07-14 List Holding Ag Process for thermal separation of a solution consisting of thermoplastic polymer and solvent
US9480933B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2016-11-01 List Holding Ag Process for thermal separation of a solution

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3225406B2 (en) 2001-11-05
US5147135A (en) 1992-09-15
ES2077704T3 (en) 1995-12-01
CA2040153A1 (en) 1991-10-12
DE59106245D1 (en) 1995-09-21
ATE126452T1 (en) 1995-09-15
JPH06262049A (en) 1994-09-20
CA2040153C (en) 2001-01-02
EP0451747A1 (en) 1991-10-16
CH686406A5 (en) 1996-03-29

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