EP0440946A2 - Hydraulic system for the laying of a gun, mounted in combat vehicle - Google Patents

Hydraulic system for the laying of a gun, mounted in combat vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0440946A2
EP0440946A2 EP90124416A EP90124416A EP0440946A2 EP 0440946 A2 EP0440946 A2 EP 0440946A2 EP 90124416 A EP90124416 A EP 90124416A EP 90124416 A EP90124416 A EP 90124416A EP 0440946 A2 EP0440946 A2 EP 0440946A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
pressure
straightening system
mass
hydraulic straightening
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90124416A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0440946A3 (en
EP0440946B1 (en
Inventor
Wolf Dipl.-Ing. Schneider
Klaus-Dieter Kahl
Siegfried Dipl.-Ing. Harder
Jean Schweitzer
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Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH
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Mak System GmbH
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Publication of EP0440946A3 publication Critical patent/EP0440946A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00—Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/26—Fluid-operated systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G5/00—Elevating or traversing control systems for guns
    • F41G5/04—Elevating or traversing control systems for guns using hydraulic means for remote control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic straightening system in which at least one straightenable mass, such as the turret or weapon of an armored vehicle, is directed in accordance with a command signal.
  • Such straightening systems have hitherto generally included hydroconstant motors for a side-straightening mass as a tower and large-volume hydraulic cylinders for a height-straightening mass as a weapon, the straightening process being controlled by fast servo valves, to which hydraulic energy from hydraulic pumps and storage tanks is available. These are kept in a certain pressure range by intermittently working filling pumps.
  • a straightening system in which the controllable mass is controlled with the aid of a servo valve.
  • the servo valve is equipped with an on-off valve and installed in a hydraulic supply line.
  • a force control circuit and a stabilization circuit are hydraulically coupled via the servo valve.
  • the servo valve is functionally assigned to the force control circuit or the stabilization circuit by means of electronic control. With the help of the servo valve becomes a hydraulic cylinder controlled, which performs the height control of the straightenable mass.
  • a hydraulic straightening system is known in which a hydraulic motor is supplied with hydraulic fluid from pumps.
  • a drive pump running at constant speed and constant delivery volume and a secondary pump are provided.
  • the aiming system can be controlled by guns.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a hydraulic straightening system of the type mentioned at the outset in order to avoid the use of large-volume pressure accumulators.
  • This object is achieved in that the mass to be straightened is driven by at least one hydraulic adjustment motor, at least two pressure sensors influencing the command signal being provided, which detect the pressure in front of and behind the hydraulic adjustment motor.
  • the dynamics of the straightening system is additionally improved in that at least two pressure sensors influencing the command signal are provided which detect the pressures prevailing in front of and behind the hydraulic adjustment motor. This avoids cavitation on the suction side and a drop in pressure on the pressure side below a still permissible minimum level. It is particularly advantageous to link the vertical and lateral directional circles so that the oil requirement and excess oil between the two circles have a compensating effect can. This is particularly easy if both adjustment motors are hydraulically connected in parallel. In this case, it is sufficient to use only two pressure sensors in total. The compensation between height and lateral directional circle comes about automatically.
  • the hydraulic consumers are supplied by a pressure control pump which is driven directly by a vehicle engine or an additional energy supply system.
  • the pump can be swiveled into a zero stroke and consumes practically no hydraulic energy as long as no directional movements have to be carried out. This is especially true if the pressure setpoint is set low at the same time.
  • a reversing pump is used as the hydraulic pump. This is able to partially convert the braking energy generated in the straightening system back into mechanical energy and feed it back to the engine.
  • a further embodiment of the invention consists in that the actuator for a mass that can only be directed within a limited angular range is designed as a threaded spindle with a spindle nut and the spindle nut or the threaded spindle is driven by a hydraulic adjusting motor.
  • This solution has the advantage that the streakiness of the leveling drive increases considerably compared to a hydraulic cylinder and thus disturbing natural vibrations of the height-adjustable mass significantly impair the directional behavior.
  • releasable releasable brakes are arranged parallel to the hydraulic adjustment motors in the event of pressure loss on the motors.
  • the brakes are used to automatically lock the straightening system if the hydraulic motors' oil pressure is too low.
  • they can absorb braking energy in addition to switching the hydraulic motors into pump mode.
  • the directional mass (1) is driven by a hydraulic adjustment motor (3) via a directional gear (2).
  • the height-adjustable mass (4) is also driven by a hydraulic adjustment motor (6) via a gear (5).
  • the gear (5) is, for example, a spindle drive according to FIG. 4.
  • the directionally adjustable mass (1) is in this Case designed as a tower and the height-adjustable mass (4) as a weapon of an armored vehicle.
  • the hydraulic adjustment motors (3, 6) are connected to a hydraulic system via a pressure line (7) and a tank line (8).
  • the hydraulic adjustment motors (3,6) can be controlled in both directions of rotation and can be continuously adjusted between the respective maximum speeds.
  • the adjustment signal is formed by a command signal (9, 10) in comparison to an actual signal (11, 12).
  • the command signal comes from fire control electronics, not shown.
  • the hydraulic adjustment motor (3) is operated so that the pressure in the tank line (8) also does not fall below a certain minimum pressure.
  • the formation of cavitation must be prevented, in which gas accumulations form in the area of the hydraulic fluid.
  • the pressure signal of the sensor (13) leads to a limitation of an acceleration phase
  • the pressure signal of the sensor (14) leads to a limitation of a deceleration phase.
  • FIG. 3 shows the entire straightening system of a device designed as an armored vehicle.
  • the supply of the straightening system by an engine (15) is shown which drives a hydraulic pump (16).
  • This can be a pump with a constant delivery volume or, as shown, a pump with a variable delivery volume.
  • the pump sucks hydraulic fluid from a tank (17), which is preferably designed to be closed and optionally provided with a slight pre-pressure.
  • a tank (17) which is preferably designed to be closed and optionally provided with a slight pre-pressure.
  • the hydraulic system of the straightening system does not contain any accumulators or cylinders which absorb or release larger quantities of oil. So that the volume of the tank (17) can be kept small.
  • the amount of oil in the circuit is constant at almost every moment.
  • the pressure control pump (16) is used to change the pressure in the pressure line (7) as required, for example in phases of pure target observation without a large directional movement, and thereby to bring about the positive consequences of the power saving and noise reduction .
  • the pressure control device is used to switch the pressure control pump (16) to unpressurized circulation when the armored vehicle is driven with the weapon system lashed.
  • the lashing can cause brakes (19, 20) on the gear trains between the hydraulic adjustment motors (3,6) and the straightenable masses (1,4).
  • These brakes (19, 20) are controlled by switching valves (21, 22) in such a way that they are closed when depressurized and are opened when the pressure in line (7) is applied.
  • the possibility is also created that Activate brakes (19, 20) even when there is pressure in line (7) and thus support deceleration processes with the straightenable masses (1, 4).
  • the pressure sensors (23, 24) are arranged in the lines (7, 8) so that they jointly monitor the pressure level for both hydraulic adjustment motors (3, 6).
  • the entire straightening system is controlled by a control device (25) which processes the height and side of the fire control signals (26) together with the system-internal signals such as the straightening signals (27,28) and the pressure sensor signals (29,30) and control signals (31,32 ) for the hydraulic adjustment motors (3,6) provides a control signal (33) for the pressure-regulating hydraulic pump (16) and control signals (34,35) for the switching valves (21,22) controlling the brakes.
  • a height adjustment drive with a weapon (36) for an armored vehicle is shown, on the weapon lock (37) of which a threaded spindle (38) is articulated via a joint (39).
  • a spindle nut (40) is mounted in a gear box (41), which in turn is mounted in the tower with a joint (42). If the spindle nut (40) is rotated, it causes a change in the distance between the joints (39, 42) and acts like a height adjustment cylinder.
  • the spindle nut (40) itself is driven by a hydraulic adjustment motor (44) via gearwheels (43) in the gearbox (41).
  • a brake (45) on the gearbox (41) which has the task of locking the weapon in a rest position or of supporting the braking action of the hydraulic adjustment motor in the event of decelerations from a directional movement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

In aiming systems of this type, at least one aimable mass in the form of a turret or weapons of an armoured vehicle is aimed according to a command signal. To avoid large-volume pressure accumulators, the mass to be aimed is driven by at least one hydraulic adjusting motor.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine hydraulische Richtanlage, bei der mindestens eine richtbare Masse, wie Turm bzw. Waffe eines Panzerfahrzeuges, entsprechend einem Führungssignal gerichtet wird.The invention relates to a hydraulic straightening system in which at least one straightenable mass, such as the turret or weapon of an armored vehicle, is directed in accordance with a command signal.

Derartige Richtanlagen enthalten bisher für eine seitenrichtbare Masse als Turm in der Regel Hydrokonstantmotoren und für eine höhrenrichtbare Masse als Waffe großvolumige Hydrozylinder, wobei der Richtvorgang durch schnelle Servoventile gesteuert wird, denen hydraulische Energie aus Hydropumpen und Speicherbehältern zur Verfügung steht. Diese werden durch intermittierend arbeitende Füllpumpen in einem bestimmten Druckbereich gehalten.Such straightening systems have hitherto generally included hydroconstant motors for a side-straightening mass as a tower and large-volume hydraulic cylinders for a height-straightening mass as a weapon, the straightening process being controlled by fast servo valves, to which hydraulic energy from hydraulic pumps and storage tanks is available. These are kept in a certain pressure range by intermittently working filling pumps.

Aus der DE-PS 35 36 858 ist eine Richtanlage bekannt, bei der die Ansteuerung der richtbaren Masse mit Hilfe eines Servoventils erfolgt. Das Servoventil ist mit einem Anschaltventil versehen und in eine hydraulische Versorgungsleitung eingebaut. Über das Servoventil werden ein Kraftrichtkreis und ein Stabilisierungskreis hydraulisch gekoppelt. Eine funktionelle Zuordnung des Servoventils zum Kraftrichtkreis bzw. zum Stabiliserungskreis erfolgt durch eine elektronische Regelung. Mit Hilfe des Servoventils wird ein Hydraulikzylinder angesteuert, der die Höhensteuerung der richtbaren Masse vornimmt.From DE-PS 35 36 858 a straightening system is known in which the controllable mass is controlled with the aid of a servo valve. The servo valve is equipped with an on-off valve and installed in a hydraulic supply line. A force control circuit and a stabilization circuit are hydraulically coupled via the servo valve. The servo valve is functionally assigned to the force control circuit or the stabilization circuit by means of electronic control. With the help of the servo valve becomes a hydraulic cylinder controlled, which performs the height control of the straightenable mass.

Aus der CH-PS 22 10 35 ist eine hydraulische Richtanlage bekannt, bei der ein Hydraulikmotor von Pumpen mit Hydraulikflüssigkeit versorgt wird. Es ist eine mit konstanter Drehzahl und konstantem Fördervolumen laufende Antriebspumpe sowie eine Nebenpumpe vorgesehen. Mit Hilfe des Hydraulikmotors kann die Richtanlage von Geschützen angesteuert werden.From CH-PS 22 10 35 a hydraulic straightening system is known in which a hydraulic motor is supplied with hydraulic fluid from pumps. A drive pump running at constant speed and constant delivery volume and a secondary pump are provided. With the help of the hydraulic motor, the aiming system can be controlled by guns.

Diese Richtanlagen stellen unter Umständen bei einem Einsatz in Panzerfahrzeugen eine Gefahr für die Insassen dar, insbesondere dann, wenn der Druckspeicher durch Beschuß beschädigt wird.Under certain circumstances, these straightening systems pose a danger to the occupants when used in armored vehicles, particularly if the pressure accumulator is damaged by bombardment.

Vor allem besitzen diese Richtanlagen aber einen sehr schlechten Wirkungsgrad, da der Volumenstrom mit Hilfe von Servoventilen gesteuert wird. Die an den Ventilen entstehende Druckdifferenz führt zu einer starken Ölerwärmung und macht damit zusätzliche Ölkühler erforderlich. Da die Querschnittsfläche der Zylinder aus Gründen der mechanischen Streifigkeit des Antriebs sehr groß gehalten werden muß, konnte bisher der Systemdruck nicht frei gewählt werden. Eine Steigerung des Systemdruckes hätte nämlich nur zu einem Anstieg der Verluste an den steuernden Servoventilen geführt.Above all, these straightening systems have a very poor efficiency because the volume flow is controlled with the help of servo valves. The pressure difference that arises at the valves leads to a strong heating of the oil and therefore requires additional oil coolers. Since the cross-sectional area of the cylinders has to be kept very large due to the mechanical streakiness of the drive, the system pressure could not previously be freely selected. An increase in the system pressure would only have led to an increase in the losses on the controlling servo valves.

Um diese Nachteile teilweise zu umgehen, ist es bekannt, vollständig elektrisch betriebene Richtantriebe einzusetzen. Diese haben jedoch nicht die Leistungsdichte wie hydraulische Aggregate, sind groß und schwer und können daher die Anforderungen an die Richtgeschwindigkeit und Richtbeschleunigung bei schweren richtbaren Massen nicht erfüllen.In order to partially overcome these disadvantages, it is known to use fully electrically operated directional drives. However, these do not have the power density like hydraulic aggregates, are large and heavy and therefore cannot meet the requirements for straightening speed and acceleration with heavy straightenable masses.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine hydraulische Richtanlage der eingangs genannten Art zu verbessern, um die Verwendung von großvolumigen Druckspeichern zu vermeiden.The object of the present invention is to improve a hydraulic straightening system of the type mentioned at the outset in order to avoid the use of large-volume pressure accumulators.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die zu richtende Masse von mindestens einem Hydroverstellmotor angetrieben ist, wobei mindestens zwei das Führungssignal beeinflussende Drucksensoren vorgesehen sind, die die vor und hinter dem Hydroverstellmotor herschenden Drucke erfassen.This object is achieved in that the mass to be straightened is driven by at least one hydraulic adjustment motor, at least two pressure sensors influencing the command signal being provided, which detect the pressure in front of and behind the hydraulic adjustment motor.

Durch die Verwendung des Hydroverstellmotors ist es ohne Einschränkung der Leistungsfähigkeit der Richtanlage möglich, auf großvolumige Hydrospeicher und auf Richtzylinder für eine höhenrichtbare Masse zu verzichten. Es entfällt dadurch das Problem der geringen Streifigkeit von Hydraulikzylindern. Die Regelstrecke beinhaltet keine mechanisch weichen Ölsäulen mehr. Zusätzlich wird es möglich, ohne Steigerung der Verluste den Systemdruck anzuheben, wodurch die Leistungsdichte erheblich verbessert werden kann. Die großen Servoventile im Hauptölstrom entfallen und die in ihrem Bereich ansonsten entstehende große Verlustwärme tritt nicht mehr auf.By using the hydraulic adjustment motor, it is possible to do without large-volume hydraulic accumulators and straightening cylinders for a height-adjustable mass without restricting the performance of the straightening system. This eliminates the problem of the low streakiness of hydraulic cylinders. The controlled system no longer contains mechanically soft oil columns. In addition, it becomes possible to raise the system pressure without increasing the losses, which can significantly improve the power density. The large servo valves in the main oil flow are eliminated and the large heat loss that otherwise arises in their area no longer occurs.

Die Dynamik der Richtanlage wird zusätzlich dadurch verbessert, daß mindestens zwei das Führungssignal beeinflussende Drucksensoren vorgesehen sind, die die vor und hinter dem Hydroverstellmotor herrschenden Drücke erfassen. Hierdurch wird die Kavitation auf der Saugseite und das Absinken des Druckes auf der Druckseite unter ein noch zulässiges Minimalniveau vermieden. Dabei ist eine Verknüpfung des Höhen- mit dem Seitenrichtkreis besonders vorteilhaft, so daß Ölbedarf und Ölüberschuß zwischen beiden Kreisen kompensierend wirken können. Das ist besonders dann leicht möglich, wenn beide Verstellmotoren hydraulisch parallel geschaltet sind. In diesem Fall ist es ausreichend, insgesamt nur zwei Drucksensoren zu verwenden. Die Kompensation zwischen Höhen- und Seitenrichtkreis kommt automatisch zustande.The dynamics of the straightening system is additionally improved in that at least two pressure sensors influencing the command signal are provided which detect the pressures prevailing in front of and behind the hydraulic adjustment motor. This avoids cavitation on the suction side and a drop in pressure on the pressure side below a still permissible minimum level. It is particularly advantageous to link the vertical and lateral directional circles so that the oil requirement and excess oil between the two circles have a compensating effect can. This is particularly easy if both adjustment motors are hydraulically connected in parallel. In this case, it is sufficient to use only two pressure sensors in total. The compensation between height and lateral directional circle comes about automatically.

Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, daß die hydraulischen Verbraucher von einer Druckregelpumpe versorgt werden, die direkt von einem Fahrzeugtriebwerk oder einer zusätzlichen Energieversorgungsanlage angetrieben ist. Dies bedeutet einerseits eine Verbesserung des Energiewirkungsgrades, da die Umwandlung in elektrische Energie und die Rückwandlung in hydraulische Energie, wie beispielsweise bei heutigen Panzerfahrzeugen üblich, vermieden wird. Andererseits läßt sich die Pumpe in einen Nullhub schwenken und verbraucht praktisch keine hydraulische Energie, solange keine Richtbewegungen auszuführen sind. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn gleichzeitig der Drucksollwert niedrig eingestellt wird.It is also proposed that the hydraulic consumers are supplied by a pressure control pump which is driven directly by a vehicle engine or an additional energy supply system. On the one hand, this means an improvement in the energy efficiency, since the conversion into electrical energy and the conversion back into hydraulic energy, as is common in today's armored vehicles, is avoided. On the other hand, the pump can be swiveled into a zero stroke and consumes practically no hydraulic energy as long as no directional movements have to be carried out. This is especially true if the pressure setpoint is set low at the same time.

Gemäß einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird als Hydraulikpumpe eine Reversierpumpe verwendet. Diese ist in der Lage, die in der Richtanlage anfallende Bremsenergie teilweise wieder in mechanische Energie zurückzuverwandeln und an das Triebwerk zurückzuspeisen.According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, a reversing pump is used as the hydraulic pump. This is able to partially convert the braking energy generated in the straightening system back into mechanical energy and feed it back to the engine.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der Stellantrieb für eine nur in einem begrenzten Winkelbereich richtbare Masse als eine Gewindespindel mit einer Spindelmutter ausgebildet ist und die Spindelmutter oder die Gewindespindel von einem Hydroverstellmotor angetrieben ist. Diese Lösung hat den Vorteil, daß die Streifigkeit des Höhenrichtantriebes gegenüber einem Hydrozylinder erheblich zunimmt und somit störende Eigenschwingungen der höhenrichtbaren Masse das Richtverhalten erheblich weniger beeinträchtigen.A further embodiment of the invention consists in that the actuator for a mass that can only be directed within a limited angular range is designed as a threaded spindle with a spindle nut and the spindle nut or the threaded spindle is driven by a hydraulic adjusting motor. This solution has the advantage that the streakiness of the leveling drive increases considerably compared to a hydraulic cylinder and thus disturbing natural vibrations of the height-adjustable mass significantly impair the directional behavior.

Weiterhin wird vorgeschlagen, daß parallel zu den Hydroverstellmotoren bei Druckausfall an den Motoren selbsttätig anziehende lösbare Bremsen angeordnet sind. Die Bremsen dienen einerseits dazu, bei einem zu kleinen Öldruck an den Hydromotoren die Richtanlage selbsttätig zu arretieren. Andererseits können sie in den Abbremsphasen der Richtanlage zusätzlich zur Umsteuerung der Hydromotoren in den Pumpbetrieb Bremsenergie aufnehmen.Furthermore, it is proposed that releasable releasable brakes are arranged parallel to the hydraulic adjustment motors in the event of pressure loss on the motors. On the one hand, the brakes are used to automatically lock the straightening system if the hydraulic motors' oil pressure is too low. On the other hand, in the braking phases of the straightening system, they can absorb braking energy in addition to switching the hydraulic motors into pump mode.

In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Schema einer Richtanlage;
Fig. 2
ein Schema einer Richtanlage mit Drucksensoren;
Fig. 3
ein weiteres Funktionsschema der Richtanlage und
Fig. 4
eine Darstellung eines Höhenrichtgetriebes.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic of a straightening system;
Fig. 2
a diagram of a straightening system with pressure sensors;
Fig. 3
another functional diagram of the straightening system and
Fig. 4
a representation of a leveling gear.

Das Funktionsschema gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt die wesentlichen Baugruppen einer Richtanlage. Die seitenrichtbare Masse (1) ist über ein Seitenrichtgetriebe (2) von einem Hydroverstellmotor (3) angetrieben. Die höhenrichtbare Masse (4) ist ebenfalls über ein Getriebe (5) von einem Hydroverstellmotor (6) angetrieben. Das Getriebe (5) ist beispielsweise ein Spindelantrieb entsprechend Fig. 4. Die seitenrichtbare Masse (1) ist in diesem Fall als Turm und die höhenrichtbare Masse (4) als Waffe eines Panzerfahrzeuges ausgebildet.1 shows the essential components of a straightening system. The directional mass (1) is driven by a hydraulic adjustment motor (3) via a directional gear (2). The height-adjustable mass (4) is also driven by a hydraulic adjustment motor (6) via a gear (5). The gear (5) is, for example, a spindle drive according to FIG. 4. The directionally adjustable mass (1) is in this Case designed as a tower and the height-adjustable mass (4) as a weapon of an armored vehicle.

Die Hydroverstellmotoren (3,6) sind mit einem Hydrauliksystem über eine Druckleitung (7) und eine Tankleitung (8) verbunden. Die Hydroverstellmotoren (3,6) lassen sich in beiden Drehrichtungen ansteuern und zwischen den jeweiligen Maximaldrehzahlen stufenlos verstellen. Das Verstellsignal wird durch ein Führungssignal (9,10) im Vergleich zu einem Ist-Signal (11,12) gebildet. Das Führungssignal kommt von einer nicht näher dargestellten Feuerleiteletronik.The hydraulic adjustment motors (3, 6) are connected to a hydraulic system via a pressure line (7) and a tank line (8). The hydraulic adjustment motors (3,6) can be controlled in both directions of rotation and can be continuously adjusted between the respective maximum speeds. The adjustment signal is formed by a command signal (9, 10) in comparison to an actual signal (11, 12). The command signal comes from fire control electronics, not shown.

Bei der Richtanlage entsprechend Fig. 2 mit der richtbaren Masse (1), dem mechanischen Getriebe (2) und dem Hydroverstellmotor (3), ist zusätzlich ein Drucksensor (13) an der Druckleitung (7) sowie ein Drucksensor (14) an der Tankleitung (8) angebracht. Deren Drucksignale werden in einer Elektronik in bekannter Weise gemeinsam mit dem Führungssignal verarbeitet und zwar in der Art und Weise, daß der Hydroverstellmotor auf der Druckseite nicht mehr Öl entnimmt als ihm von einer Versorgungseinheit angeboten wird. Hierdurch kann gewährleistet werden, daß der Druck in der Leitung (7) einen bestimmten Mindestwert nicht unterschreitet.In the straightening system according to FIG. 2 with the straightenable mass (1), the mechanical transmission (2) and the hydraulic adjustment motor (3), there is also a pressure sensor (13) on the pressure line (7) and a pressure sensor (14) on the tank line (8) attached. Their pressure signals are processed in electronics in a known manner together with the command signal in such a way that the hydraulic servomotor does not take more oil on the pressure side than is offered to it by a supply unit. This can ensure that the pressure in line (7) does not fall below a certain minimum value.

Entsprechend wird der Hydroverstellmotor (3) so betrieben, daß der Druck in der Tankleitung (8) ebenfalls einen bestimmten Mindestdruck nicht unterschreitet. Hier muß insbesondere die Kavitati onsbildung verhindert werden, bei der sich im Bereich der Hydraulikflüssigkeit Gasansammlungen ausbilden. Das Drucksignal des Sensors (13) führt zu einer Begrenzung einer Beschleunigungsphase, das Drucksignal des Sensors (14) führt zur Begrenzung einer Verzögerungsphase.Accordingly, the hydraulic adjustment motor (3) is operated so that the pressure in the tank line (8) also does not fall below a certain minimum pressure. Here, in particular, the formation of cavitation must be prevented, in which gas accumulations form in the area of the hydraulic fluid. The pressure signal of the sensor (13) leads to a limitation of an acceleration phase, the pressure signal of the sensor (14) leads to a limitation of a deceleration phase.

In Fig. 3 ist die gesamte Richtanlage einer als Panzerfahrzeug ausgebildeten Vorrichtung dargestellt. Hierbei ist die Versorgung der Richtanlage durch ein Triebwerk (15) gezeigt, das eine Hydropumpe (16) antreibt. Hierbei kann es sich um eine Pumpe mit konstantem Fördervolumen, aber auch wie dargestellt, um eine Pumpe mit variablem Fördervolumen handeln. Die Pumpe saugt Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus einem Tank (17), die vorzugsweise geschlossen ausgeführt und gegebenenfalls mit einem leichten Vordruck versehen wird. Hierdurch wird ersichtlich, daß das Hydrauliksystem der Richtanlage keinerlei Speicher oder Zylinder enthält, welche größere Ölmengen aufnehmen bzw. abgeben. Damit läßt sich auch das Volumen des Tanks (17) klein halten. Die im Kreislauf befindliche Ölmenge ist quasi in jedem Augenblick konstant.3 shows the entire straightening system of a device designed as an armored vehicle. Here, the supply of the straightening system by an engine (15) is shown which drives a hydraulic pump (16). This can be a pump with a constant delivery volume or, as shown, a pump with a variable delivery volume. The pump sucks hydraulic fluid from a tank (17), which is preferably designed to be closed and optionally provided with a slight pre-pressure. This shows that the hydraulic system of the straightening system does not contain any accumulators or cylinders which absorb or release larger quantities of oil. So that the volume of the tank (17) can be kept small. The amount of oil in the circuit is constant at almost every moment.

Ferner ist es über eine Regeleinrichtung (18) für die Druckregelpumpe (16) möglich, den Druck in der Druckleitung (7) je nach Anforderung zu verändern, beispielsweise in Phasen reiner Zielbeobachtung ohne große Richtbewegung abzusenken und hierdurch die positiven Konsequenzen der Leistungseinsparung und Geräuschminderung hervorzurufen. Außerdem dient die Druckregeleinrichtung dazu, die Druckregelpumpe (16) auf drucklosen Umlauf zu schalten, wenn das Panzerfahrzeug mit gezurrter Waffenanlage gefahren wird. Die Zurrung können dabei Bremsen (19,20) an den Getriebesträngen zwischen den Hydroverstellmotoren (3,6) und den richtbaren Massen (1,4) bewirken. Diese Bremsen (19,20) werden durch Schaltventile (21,22) angesteuert und zwar in der Weise, daß sie in drucklosem Zustand geschlossen sind und bei Beaufschlagung durch den Druck in der Leitung (7) geöffnet werden. Damit wird neben der bekannten Sicherheitsschaltung, bei der ein druckloser Zustand eine Bremsung hervorruft, zusätzlich die Möglichkeit geschaffen, die Bremsen (19,20) auch bei vorhandenem Druck in der Leitung (7) anzusteuern und damit Verzögerungsvorgänge bei den richtbaren Massen (1,4) zu unterstützen.Furthermore, it is possible via a control device (18) for the pressure control pump (16) to change the pressure in the pressure line (7) as required, for example in phases of pure target observation without a large directional movement, and thereby to bring about the positive consequences of the power saving and noise reduction . In addition, the pressure control device is used to switch the pressure control pump (16) to unpressurized circulation when the armored vehicle is driven with the weapon system lashed. The lashing can cause brakes (19, 20) on the gear trains between the hydraulic adjustment motors (3,6) and the straightenable masses (1,4). These brakes (19, 20) are controlled by switching valves (21, 22) in such a way that they are closed when depressurized and are opened when the pressure in line (7) is applied. In addition to the known safety circuit, in which a depressurized state causes braking, the possibility is also created that Activate brakes (19, 20) even when there is pressure in line (7) and thus support deceleration processes with the straightenable masses (1, 4).

Die Drucksensoren (23,24) sind in den Leitungen (7,8) so angeordnet, daß sie das Druckniveau für beide Hydroverstellmotoren (3,6) gemeinsam überwachen. Die gesamte Richtanlage wird durch eine Kontrolleinrichtung (25) gesteuert, welche die Feuerleitsignale (26) in Höhe und Seite gemeinsam mit den systeminternen Signalen wie den Richtsignalen (27,28) und den Drucksensorsignalen (29,30) verarbeiten und Steuersignale (31,32) für die Hydroverstellmotoren (3,6) ein Steuersignal (33) für die den Druck regelnde Hydropumpe (16) sowie Steuersignale (34,35) für die die Bremsen ansteuernden Schaltventile (21,22) bereitstellt.The pressure sensors (23, 24) are arranged in the lines (7, 8) so that they jointly monitor the pressure level for both hydraulic adjustment motors (3, 6). The entire straightening system is controlled by a control device (25) which processes the height and side of the fire control signals (26) together with the system-internal signals such as the straightening signals (27,28) and the pressure sensor signals (29,30) and control signals (31,32 ) for the hydraulic adjustment motors (3,6) provides a control signal (33) for the pressure-regulating hydraulic pump (16) and control signals (34,35) for the switching valves (21,22) controlling the brakes.

In Fig. 4 ist ein Höhenrichtantrieb mit einer Waffe (36) für ein Panzerfahrzeug dargestellt, an deren Waffenschloß (37) eine Gewindespindel (38) über ein Gelenk (39) angelenkt ist. Eine Spindelmutter (40) ist in einem Getriebekasten (41) gelagert, welcher seinerseits mit einem Gelenk (42) im Turm gelagert ist. Wird die Spindelmutter (40) gedreht, bewirkt sie eine Veränderung des Abstandes zwischen den Gelenken (39,42) und wirkt wie ein Höhenrichtzylinder. Die Spindelmutter (40) selbst wird über Zahnräder (43) im Getriebekasten (41) von einem Hydroverstellmotor (44) angetrieben. Außerdem befindet sich am Getriebekasten (41) eine Bremse (45), welche die Aufgabe hat, die Waffe in einer Ruheposition zu arretieren bzw. bei Verzögerungsvorgängen aus einer Richtbewegung heraus die Bremswirkung des Hydroverstellmotors zu unterstützen.In Fig. 4, a height adjustment drive with a weapon (36) for an armored vehicle is shown, on the weapon lock (37) of which a threaded spindle (38) is articulated via a joint (39). A spindle nut (40) is mounted in a gear box (41), which in turn is mounted in the tower with a joint (42). If the spindle nut (40) is rotated, it causes a change in the distance between the joints (39, 42) and acts like a height adjustment cylinder. The spindle nut (40) itself is driven by a hydraulic adjustment motor (44) via gearwheels (43) in the gearbox (41). In addition, there is a brake (45) on the gearbox (41), which has the task of locking the weapon in a rest position or of supporting the braking action of the hydraulic adjustment motor in the event of decelerations from a directional movement.

Claims (12)

Hydraulische Richtanlage für Waffen von Kampffahrzeugen, insbesondere Kampfpanzern, bei der mindestens eine richtbare Masse, wie Turm bzw. Waffe eines Panzerfahrzeuges, entsprechend einem Führungssignal gerichtet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu richtende Masse (1,4) von mindestens einem Hydroverstellmotor (3,6) angetrieben ist, wobei mindestens zwei das Führungssignal beeinflussende Drucksensoren (13,14) vorgesehen sind, die die vor und hinter dem Hydroverstellmotor (3,6) herrschenden Drücke erfassen.Hydraulic straightening system for weapons of combat vehicles, in particular battle tanks, in which at least one straightenable mass, such as the turret or weapon of an armored vehicle, is aimed in accordance with a command signal, characterized in that the mass (1,4) to be straightened is provided by at least one hydraulic adjustment motor (3 , 6) is driven, at least two pressure sensors (13, 14) influencing the command signal being provided, which detect the pressures prevailing in front of and behind the hydraulic adjustment motor (3, 6). Hydraulische Richtanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drucksensoren (13,14) mit einer die Druckverhältnisse auf die Einhaltung von vorgebbaren Schwellwerten überwachenden Steuerung (25) verbunden sind.Hydraulic straightening system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure sensors (13, 14) are connected to a control (25) which monitors the pressure conditions for compliance with predeterminable threshold values. Hydraulische Richtanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für beide Hydroverstellmotoren (3,6) gemeinsam ein Drucksensor (23) auf der Druckseite und ein zweiter Drucksensor (24) auf der Tankseite vorgesehen ist.Hydraulic straightening system according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a pressure sensor (23) is provided on the pressure side and a second pressure sensor (24) on the tank side for both hydraulic adjustment motors (3, 6). Hydraulische Richtanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Hauptölstrom in ihrer Drehzahl gesteuerte und zeitweise mit konstantem Schluckvolumen arbeitende Hydroverstellmotoren (3,6) sowie den Hauptölstrom drosselnde Ventile angeordnet sind.Hydraulic straightening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that hydraulic adjusting motors (3, 6) controlled in terms of their speed and temporarily working with a constant absorption volume as well as valves throttling the main oil flow are arranged in the main oil flow. Hydraulische Richtanlage nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dab die hydraulischen Verbraucher von einer Druckregelpumpe (16) versorgt werden, die direkt von einem Fahrzeugtriebwerk oder einer zusätzlichen Energieversorgungsanlage angetrieben ist.Hydraulic straightening system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic consumers are supplied by a pressure control pump (16) which is driven directly by a vehicle engine or an additional energy supply system. Hydraulische Richtanlage nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckregelpumpe (16) einem variablen Sollwert für den Druck nachgeführt ist.Hydraulic straightening system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure regulating pump (16) tracks a variable setpoint for the pressure. Hydraulische Richtanlage nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydraulischen Verbraucher einen als Reversierpumpe ausgebildeten und ohne Drehrichtungsumkehr das Druckmedium unter Energierückgewinnung (Motorbetrieb) in den Tank (17) zurückfördernden Antrieb aufweisen.Hydraulic straightening system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic consumers have a drive designed as a reversing pump and returning the pressure medium to the tank (17) with energy recovery (motor operation) without reversing the direction of rotation. Hydraulische Richtanlage nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stellantrieb für eine nur in einem begrenzten Winkelbereich richtbare Masse als eine Gewindespindel (38) mit einer Spindelmutter (40) ausgebildet ist und die Spindelmutter (40) oder die Gewindespindel (38) von einem Hydroverstellmotor (44) angetrieben ist.Hydraulic straightening system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator for a mass which can only be straightened in a limited angular range is designed as a threaded spindle (38) with a spindle nut (40) and the spindle nut (40) or the threaded spindle (38) is driven by a hydraulic adjustment motor (44). Hydraulische Richtanlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gewindespindel (38) im Bereich ihres einen Endes ein sie an die richtbare Masse anlenkendes Gelenk (39) aufweist und mindestens im Bereich eines diesem Ende abgewandt angeordneten weiteren Endes von einem mit der Spindelmutter (40) verbundenen Getriebekasten (41) aufgenommen ist, der im Bereich seiner dem Gelenk (39) abgewandten Ausdehnung ein ihn schwenkbar gegenüber einem Träger lagerndes Gelenk (42) aufweist.Hydraulic straightening system according to Claim 8, characterized in that the threaded spindle (38) has in the region of one end thereof a joint (39) which links it to the straightenable mass and at least in the region of a further end which is arranged away from this end, from one with the spindle nut (40 ) connected gearbox (41) is recorded, which in the region of its extension facing away from the joint (39) has a joint (42) which pivots it relative to a support. Hydraulische Richtanlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich des Getriebekastens (41) ein den Hydroverstellmotor (44) mit der Gewindespindel (38) verbindendes Getriebe angeordnet ist, das aus ineinander eingreifenden Zahnrädern (43) ausgebildet ist.Hydraulic straightening system according to claim 9, characterized in that in the area of the gear box (41) there is arranged a gear unit which connects the hydraulic adjustment motor (44) to the threaded spindle (38) and which is formed from intermeshing gear wheels (43). Hydraulische Richtanlage nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eines der Zahnräder (43) mit einer die richtbare Masse lösbare arretierenden Bremse (45) verbunden ist.Hydraulic straightening system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the gearwheels (43) is connected to a locking brake (45) which can be released from the straightenable mass. Hydraulische Richtanlage nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß parallel zu den Hydroverstellmotoren (3,6) bei Druckausfall an den Motoren selbsttätig anziehende lösbare Bremsen (19,20) angeordnet sind.Hydraulic straightening system according to at least one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that releasable brakes (19, 20) which are automatically applied in the event of pressure failure on the motors are arranged parallel to the hydraulic adjustment motors (3, 6).
EP90124416A 1990-02-03 1990-12-17 Hydraulic system for the laying of a gun, mounted in combat vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0440946B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4003256 1990-02-03
DE4003256A DE4003256A1 (en) 1990-02-03 1990-02-03 HYDRAULIC ALIGNMENT FOR WEAPON VEHICLE ARMS

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EP0440946A2 true EP0440946A2 (en) 1991-08-14
EP0440946A3 EP0440946A3 (en) 1992-07-15
EP0440946B1 EP0440946B1 (en) 1994-08-03

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DE (2) DE4003256A1 (en)

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US7895930B2 (en) * 2007-01-23 2011-03-01 Foster-Miller, Inc. Weapon mount
US8607686B2 (en) * 2011-01-21 2013-12-17 Control Solutions LLC Controlled vehicle turret apparatus and method

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CH221035A (en) * 1941-12-01 1942-05-15 W Baur Franz Infinitely variable, hydraulic transmission and reversing gear, especially for Flab. Gun straightening apparatus.
US2969688A (en) * 1949-05-12 1961-01-31 Hackelman Denver Eldin Hand control for a servo system
US2948193A (en) * 1953-09-08 1960-08-09 Ibm Alternating pulse servo system
DE2619277A1 (en) * 1975-05-23 1976-12-02 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Hydraulic drive for rotating firearm mounting - has hydraulic motor and pipes and valves for accurate positioning
CH592862A5 (en) * 1975-09-08 1977-11-15 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Aiming device for firearm on turret - has hydraulic motors with short pipeline for firearm movements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4003256C2 (en) 1992-05-21
DE59006699D1 (en) 1994-09-08
US5210371A (en) 1993-05-11
DE4003256A1 (en) 1991-08-08
EP0440946A3 (en) 1992-07-15
EP0440946B1 (en) 1994-08-03

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