EP0438998B1 - Transportation vehicle, in particular low floor vehicle, as well as method of loading and unloading the same - Google Patents

Transportation vehicle, in particular low floor vehicle, as well as method of loading and unloading the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0438998B1
EP0438998B1 EP19900890331 EP90890331A EP0438998B1 EP 0438998 B1 EP0438998 B1 EP 0438998B1 EP 19900890331 EP19900890331 EP 19900890331 EP 90890331 A EP90890331 A EP 90890331A EP 0438998 B1 EP0438998 B1 EP 0438998B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hook
displaceable
component part
combination
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19900890331
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0438998A2 (en
EP0438998A3 (en
Inventor
Peter Ing. Mathé
Bruno Dipl.-Ing. Krainz
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Siemens AG Oesterreich
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SGP Verkehrstechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP0438998A3 publication Critical patent/EP0438998A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B66C23/50—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes mounted on railway vehicles, e.g. breakdown cranes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combination of transport wagons, in particular low-floor wagons, each with rails and at least one crane device for loading containers at one end of the wagon according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a crane device of the type mentioned at the outset has become known from US Pat. No. 3,719,296.
  • the known construction shows a complicated mechanism which provides for gripping and lifting the container by means of six grippers at the top and by means of lateral devices at the bottom.
  • GB-A 2 218 398 describes a railway wagon on which a crane device is located. This is gradually pushed apart and in the longitudinal direction of parts of the support structure of the crane device on the wagon itself or from this to an adjacent Movable wagon. However, this requires a large number of coordinated movements of a large number of components to be carried out in a specific sequence, so that the crane device is moved slowly and, moreover, is complex and complicated.
  • the object of the present invention was to design a crane device which allows the container to be loaded without having to use additional auxiliary or coupling devices between the crane and container or workers and also avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • a transport container 1 is shown, which is located on a transport wagon 2. Any container, vessel, etc. can be used as the transport container 1, as long as these do not exceed the prescribed dimensions and can be handled by lifting devices.
  • the standardized iso-containers commonly used in transport are preferably used. These have articulation points 11 at all corners, which are used for coupling to the lifting devices, for placing and fixing on holding members or for coupling several containers together.
  • mounting pins 21 In the case of transporting the containers on trucks or railway wagons, they are equipped with mounting pins 21. These can also be easily retrofitted. However, other holding elements, such as strips, hooks or the like, are also possible.
  • Crossing rails 22 are present on the transport wagon 2, some of which can be retrofitted to any wagon with a flat loading surface and advantageously also holding members for the containers.
  • a wagon is preferably used which is already equipped with the crossing rails 22, as is the case with transport wagons for rail vehicles. These are usually designed as low-floor wagons, so that there is the additional advantage of greater distance from the overhead line 5 (see FIGS. 2b, 3b) or the possibility of transporting higher containers 1.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b An example of a crane device shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b will now be described below.
  • each crane device 3 there is at least one crane device 3 on each transport wagon according to the invention.
  • the attachment of the crane devices can be firmly connected to the wagon 2, or even be a component group of it.
  • the existing crossing rails 22 for placing the Crane devices 3 used This can be accomplished, on the one hand, by simply fixing it to the rails 22, for example by means of a pliers mechanism that includes the rails.
  • 3 rollers can be provided on the underside of the cranes, so that they can be moved on the rails 22. The movement can be done by hand or by any drive means, such as electric motors.
  • the crane devices 3 are then fixed to the wagon 2 again.
  • a pincer mechanism which interacts with the rails can also be provided.
  • the cranes 3 can also be supported by means of hydraulically or electrically extendable pressure rams or similar support devices, as well as reaching behind the lower edge of the loading area by means of hook-like extension arms of the crane devices, which can also be actuated hydraulically or electrically drive them up, for example, via a ramp.
  • they can also be placed on the wagon by means of any lifting devices, where the movability is then exploited in the manner described below.
  • the crossing rails 22 namely allow the crane devices 3 to be moved from wagon to wagon, at least between those which adjoin one another.
  • a crane 3 can be used for loading containers on at least two wagons 2, which reduces the number of crane devices 3 that are necessarily to be provided.
  • the movements of the cranes 3 required for container loading are made possible by any drive devices 23, 24. These are, for example, hydraulic cylinders, as indicated in the drawings, compressed air cylinders or, especially for movement in the horizontal plane, electric drives via gears, racks or the like.
  • the extendable telescopic arm 25 is preferably in all Design variants provided with at least one hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 23 for the pivoting movements are arranged on both sides of the telescopic arm 25, but a one-sided arrangement using a double-acting cylinder is also conceivable.
  • the hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic cylinders 23 can be arranged differently in position, for example normal to the longitudinal axis of the wagon.
  • the drive devices 23, 24 and the telescopic arm 25 are mounted on a platform 26 which is equipped with rollers or wheels 27 for moving on the rails 22.
  • the wheels 27 are advantageously driven by a motor, for example an electric motor, although the platforms can also be moved manually.
  • At least one device for supporting the crane devices 3 on the platform 26 is also provided.
  • an extendable or foldable support unit 28, 28 ' such as preferably a hydraulic cylinder with a pressure stamp, is attached to the platform 26 on each side of the wagon 2.
  • These support devices 28, 28 ' can also be attached to the wagons 2 directly, if necessary also in a fixed manner or only when they are folded out.
  • FIGS. 4a to 4c An important feature of the invention is the gripping and clamping device 30, which at the tip of the telescopic arm 25 or the extendable part 25 ', attached and designed to couple the crane device 3 with the articulation points 11 on the container 1.
  • the variant shown in FIGS. 4a to 4c is an embodiment which is advantageously used in the aforementioned standard containers.
  • the articulation points 11 of the usual iso-containers are sheet steel brackets with integrated holes, so that at least one hook-shaped part 31 is provided per articulation point 11 for coupling the crane 3.
  • each gripping and clamping device 30 Since there are two articulation points 11 at each end of the container, at least two parts 31 are also provided on each gripping and clamping device 30.
  • the hook-shaped parts are preferably articulated at the corner points of a rigid frame 32, which is designed in the form of an isosceles triangle with the tip pointing upward, about an axis of rotation which is essentially horizontal and preferably parallel to the wagon axis.
  • the upper corner point 33 of the frame is connected to the extendable part 25 'of the telescopic arm 25.
  • the hook-shaped parts 31 are attached to the frame 32 by means of triangular components 34, which are articulated at a corner point on the frame 32, the corner point downward, ie towards the container, with a roller 35, a sliding plate or the like.
  • the hook-shaped part 31 is provided and at its third, to the side, corner point said hook-shaped part 31 is rigidly attached.
  • the side 34 'lying between this attachment point and the roller 35 forms, together with the hook-shaped part 31, a U-shaped structure which tapers somewhat towards the opening.
  • the angle at which the hook-shaped part 31 tilts towards the component 34 is to be selected depending on the dimensions of the components such that when the container is lifted before the container 1 loses contact with the support surface on the wagon 2 or the truck , Parking space etc., the inward-pointing tip of the hook-shaped Component is slightly higher than its section, which is exactly below the articulation point 11 or the point of application of the lifting force (Fig.4b). This measure ensures a secure coupling during the period that the container is not in contact with the ground.
  • the described configuration forms a further advantage.
  • the frame 32 is lowered further from the position for the transfer process and pressed against the container, so that the roller 35 comes into contact with the container surface and, caused by the arrangement of the Contact point of the roller obliquely below and outside the articulation point of the component 34 on the frame 32, with further lowering it slides outward and pivots the component 34 such that the hook-shaped component 31 emerges from the holes in the articulation points 11 is pushed out (Fig.4c).
  • This can also be done with the help of spreaders such as the double-acting hydraulic cylinders mentioned.
  • the entire gripping and clamping device 30 is withdrawn from the container in a spread position by a movement of the telescopic arm 25, or its extendable part 25 ′ or also by a movement of the entire crane device 3, in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the container.
  • Fig.3a solid lines
  • Fig. 3a dashed lines
  • the support devices of the two crane devices 3 can be extended to different extents (see Fig. 3a, dashed position).
  • the container 1 is raised a little, just enough that it comes free from the mounting pins 21 on the wagon 2 (Fig. 2b). This is done by the drive device 24. Since the mounting pins 21 are only of a small height, a sufficient safety distance from the overhead line 5 is maintained when they are first lifted. Then the swivel devices, e.g. the hydraulic cylinders 23, actuated and the container laterally, but parallel to the wagon axis, pivoted outwards next to the wagon 2 (Fig.3a). Since the highest point of the crane device 3, namely the connection point 33 between the gripping and clamping device 30 and the telescopic arm part 25 ', is now laterally outside the area of the overhead line 5, any possible lifting height can be achieved without risk. For this purpose, part of the hydraulic cylinder 24 is actuated and / or the extendable part 25 'of the telescopic arm is extended. In this way, loading onto trucks or parking spaces with a high floor level is possible without risk.
  • the swivel devices e.
  • the two cooperating crane devices 3 are addressed by those addressed before the loading process Lines synchronized. If another wagon, for example the adjacent wagon, is then to be unloaded, the crane device 3 closest to it is moved onto this wagon via the crossing rails 22 and the loading process is repeated. The wagons are loaded in reverse order.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kombination von Transportwaggons, insbesondere Niederflurwagen, jeder mit Schienen und zumindest einer Kranvorrichtung zum Verladen von Containern an einem Waggonende nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a combination of transport wagons, in particular low-floor wagons, each with rails and at least one crane device for loading containers at one end of the wagon according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Der Gütertransport mit sogenannten "Containern", d.h. mit Transportbehältern mit genormten Außenabmessungen, erlangt heute immer mehr Bedeutung. In Anbetracht der Wirtschaftlichkeit und auch der Entlastung der Umwelt werden diese Container auch vermehrt im Schiene-Straße-Verbund transportiert. Das bedeutet, daß große Distanzen zwischen Verkehrsknotenpunkten mit der Eisenbahn überbrückt werden, während die Nahzustellung bzw- -abholung mittels LKW direkt zum bzw. beim Empfänger oder Absender erfolgt.The transport of goods with so-called "containers", i.e. with transport containers with standardized external dimensions, is becoming increasingly important today. In view of the economic efficiency and the relief of the environment, these containers are increasingly being transported in the rail-road network. This means that large distances between transport hubs are bridged by rail, while local delivery or pick-up by truck takes place directly to or at the recipient or sender.

Diese Art der Güterbeförderung wirft allerdings durch die Notwendigkeit des mehrmaligen Umladens einige Probleme auf. So erfordert die direkte Umladung von Waggon zu LKW oder umgekehrt zusätzliche Verladeeinrichtungen, wie stationäre oder mobile Kräne.This type of freight transport, however, poses some problems due to the need to reload several times. For example, the direct transfer from wagon to truck or vice versa requires additional loading devices such as stationary or mobile cranes.

Ähnliche Probleme gibt es aber auch bein bloßen Absetzen oder Aufnehmen eines Containers, der neben dem Fahrzeug auf einem Lagerplatz abgestellt ist.However, there are similar problems when simply putting down or picking up a container that is parked next to the vehicle in a storage area.

Durch die US-PS A 3 719 296 ist eine Kranvorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art bekanntgeworden. Die bekannte Konstruktion zeigt einen komplizierten Mechanismus, welcher vorsieht, den Container mittels sechs Greifern oben und mittels seitlicher Vorrichtungen unten zu fassen und zu heben.A crane device of the type mentioned at the outset has become known from US Pat. No. 3,719,296. The known construction shows a complicated mechanism which provides for gripping and lifting the container by means of six grippers at the top and by means of lateral devices at the bottom.

Die GB-A 2 218 398 beschreibt einen Eisenbahnwaggon, auf welchem sich eine Kranvorrichtung befindet. Diese ist durch Auseinander- und Ineinanderschieben in Längsrichtung von Teilen der Tragestruktur der Kranvorrichtung schrittweise auf den Waggon selbst oder auch von diesem auf einen angrenzenden Waggon bewegbar. Dies erfordert aber eine Vielzahl von aufeinander abgestimmten und in einer bestimmten Reihenfolge durchzuführenden Bewegung vieler Bauteile, sodaß die Versetzung der Kranvorrichtung langsam erfolgt und überdies aufwendig und kompliziert ist.GB-A 2 218 398 describes a railway wagon on which a crane device is located. This is gradually pushed apart and in the longitudinal direction of parts of the support structure of the crane device on the wagon itself or from this to an adjacent Movable wagon. However, this requires a large number of coordinated movements of a large number of components to be carried out in a specific sequence, so that the crane device is moved slowly and, moreover, is complex and complicated.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war, eine Kranvorrichtung zu entwerfen, die ein Verladen des Containers gestattet, ohne zusätzliche Hilfs- bzw. Kopplungseinrichtungen zwischen Kran und Container oder Arbeitskräfte zu Hilfe nehmen zu müssen und auch die zuvor angeführten Nachteile vermeidet.The object of the present invention was to design a crane device which allows the container to be loaded without having to use additional auxiliary or coupling devices between the crane and container or workers and also avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.

Diese Aufgaben werden durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teiles des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.These objects are achieved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Konstruktion wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Ansprüche 2 bis 4 erzielt. Dadurch wird das Ankoppeln beim Absenken und das Entkoppeln der Verbindung von Container und Kranvorrichtung nach dem Verladevorgang wesenlich erleichtert.Another advantage of the construction according to the invention is achieved by the characterizing features of claims 2 to 4. Coupling when lowering and decoupling the connection between the container and the crane device after the loading process is thereby made substantially easier.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform zur Verwendung auf Schienenfahrzeugen oder Straßenfahrzeugen ergibt sich durch die Merkmale nach den Patentansprüchen 5 bis 8.A particularly advantageous embodiment for use on rail vehicles or road vehicles results from the features according to patent claims 5 to 8.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben. Es zeigen die

  • Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch einen Niederflurwagen mit Überfahrtsschienen und einem aufgeladenen Transportbehälter,
  • Fig. 2a eine Draufsicht und
  • Fig. 2b eine Seitenansicht eines Transportwaggons mit aufgeladenem Transportbehälter und einer Kranvorrichtung,
  • Fig. 3a und Fig. 3b eine Drauf- bzw. Seitenansicht eines Transportwaggons mit seitlich abgesetztem Behälter, und
  • Fig. 4a,4b und 4c die bevorzugte Ausführung für die Greif- und Klemmeinrichtungen zum Eingriff mit den Anlenkpunkten an Iso-Containern beim Ankoppeln des Containers, beim Verlagern (Heben,Schwenken,Absenken) und beim Abkoppeln der Kranvorrichtung.
The invention is described below with reference to the drawings based on a preferred one Described embodiment. They show
  • 1 shows a cross section through a low-floor car with crossing rails and a loaded transport container,
  • Fig. 2a is a plan view and
  • 2b is a side view of a transport wagon with a loaded transport container and a crane device,
  • Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b are a top and side view of a transport wagon with a laterally offset container, and
  • 4a, 4b and 4c the preferred embodiment for the gripping and clamping devices for engaging with the articulation points on ISO containers when coupling the container, when moving (lifting, swiveling, lowering) and when uncoupling the crane device.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Transportbehälter 1 dargestellt, der sich auf einem Transportwaggon 2 befindet. Als Transportbehälter 1 können beliebige Behälter, Gefäßte, etc. Verwendung finden, solange diese die vorgeschriebenen Dimensionen nicht überschreiten und durch Hebevorrichtungen handhabbar sind. Vorzugsweise werden die im Transportwesen üblichen genormten Iso-Container verwendet. Diese haben an allen Ecken Anlenkpunkte 11, die zum Ankoppeln an die Hebeeinrichtungen, zum Aufsetzen und Fixieren an Halteorganen oder auch zum Zusammenkoppeln mehrerer Container dienen. Im Falle des Transportes der Container auf LKWs oder Eisenbahnwaggons sind diese mit Aufsetzzapfen 21 ausgestattet. Diese sind auch leicht nachträglich einbaubar. Allerdings sind auch andere Halteorgane, wie Leisten, Haken od.ähnliches möglich. Am Transportwaggon 2 sind Überfahrtsschienen 22 vorhanden, welche einesteils nachträglich auf beliebigen Wagen mit ebener Ladefläche und vorteilhafterweise auch Halteorganen für die Container angebracht werden können. Wie aus der Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, wird jedoch vorzugsweise ein Waggon verwendet, der schon mit den Überfahrtsschienen 22 ausgerüstet ist, wie dies bei Transportwaggons für Schienenfahrzeuge der Fall ist. Diese sind meist als Niederflurwagen ausgebildet, sodaß sich dabei zusätzlich der Vorteil größeren Abstands zur Oberleitung 5 (siehe dazu Fig. 2b,3b) bzw. die Möglichkeit des Transports höherer Behälter 1 ergibt.In Fig. 1, a transport container 1 is shown, which is located on a transport wagon 2. Any container, vessel, etc. can be used as the transport container 1, as long as these do not exceed the prescribed dimensions and can be handled by lifting devices. The standardized iso-containers commonly used in transport are preferably used. These have articulation points 11 at all corners, which are used for coupling to the lifting devices, for placing and fixing on holding members or for coupling several containers together. In the case of transporting the containers on trucks or railway wagons, they are equipped with mounting pins 21. These can also be easily retrofitted. However, other holding elements, such as strips, hooks or the like, are also possible. Crossing rails 22 are present on the transport wagon 2, some of which can be retrofitted to any wagon with a flat loading surface and advantageously also holding members for the containers. As can be seen from FIG. 1, however, a wagon is preferably used which is already equipped with the crossing rails 22, as is the case with transport wagons for rail vehicles. These are usually designed as low-floor wagons, so that there is the additional advantage of greater distance from the overhead line 5 (see FIGS. 2b, 3b) or the possibility of transporting higher containers 1.

Nachfolgend soll nun ein Beispiel für eine Kranvorrichtung, dargestellt in den Fig. 2a,2b,3a und 3b, beschrieben werden.An example of a crane device shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b will now be described below.

Wie weiter oben erwähnt, ist zumindest eine Kranvorrichtung 3 auf jedem Transportwaggon gemäß der Erfindung vorhanden. Bezüglich der Anbringung der Kranvorrichtungen gibt es mehrere Varianten. Sie können fest mit dem Waggon 2 verbunden sein, bzw. sogar eine Bauteilgruppe von diesem sein. Vorteilhafterweise werden aber die vorhandenen Überfahrtsschienen 22 zum Aufsetzen der Kranvorrichtungen 3 genutzt. Das kann einerseits durch bloßes Fixieren an den Schienen 22, beispielsweise durch einen Zangenmechanismus, der die Schienen umfaßt, bewerkstelligt werden. Anderseits können an der Unterseite der Kräne 3 Rollen vorgesehen sein, sodaß sie auf den Schienen 22 verfahrbar sind. Die Bewegung kann von Hand oder durch beliebige Antriebsmittel, wie etwa Elektromotore, erfolgen. Während des Verladevorganges werden die Kranvorrichtungen 3 dann wieder am Waggon 2 fixiert. Hiezu kann ebenfalls ein Zangenmechanismus, der mit den Schienen zusammenwirkt, vorgesehen sein. Aber auch die Abstützung der Kräne 3 über hydraulisch oder elektrisch ausfahrbare Druckstempel oder ähnliche Stützeinrichtungen ist möglich, ebenso wie ein Hintergreifen der Unterkante der Ladefläche durch ebenfalls hydraulisch oder elektrisch betätigbare hakenartige Auslegearme der Kranvorrichtungen 3. Verfahrbare Kranvorrichtungen können leicht auf die Transportwagen aufgebracht werden, indem sie z.B. über eine Rampe auffahren. Sie können aber auch mittels beliebigen Hebeeinrichtungen auf den Waggon aufgesetzt werden, wo dann die Verfahrbarkeit auf die nachfolgend beschreibene Weise ausgenutzt wird.As mentioned above, there is at least one crane device 3 on each transport wagon according to the invention. There are several variants regarding the attachment of the crane devices. They can be firmly connected to the wagon 2, or even be a component group of it. Advantageously, however, the existing crossing rails 22 for placing the Crane devices 3 used. This can be accomplished, on the one hand, by simply fixing it to the rails 22, for example by means of a pliers mechanism that includes the rails. On the other hand, 3 rollers can be provided on the underside of the cranes, so that they can be moved on the rails 22. The movement can be done by hand or by any drive means, such as electric motors. During the loading process, the crane devices 3 are then fixed to the wagon 2 again. For this purpose, a pincer mechanism which interacts with the rails can also be provided. But the cranes 3 can also be supported by means of hydraulically or electrically extendable pressure rams or similar support devices, as well as reaching behind the lower edge of the loading area by means of hook-like extension arms of the crane devices, which can also be actuated hydraulically or electrically drive them up, for example, via a ramp. However, they can also be placed on the wagon by means of any lifting devices, where the movability is then exploited in the manner described below.

Die Überfahrtsschienen 22 erlauben nämlich das Verfahren der Kranvorrichtungen 3 von Waggon zu Waggon, zumindest zwischen solchen, die aneinander angrenzen. Ein Kran 3 kann zum Verladen von Containern auf zumindest zwei Waggons 2 verwendet werden, was die Anzahl der notwendigerweise vorzusehenden Kranvorrichtungen 3 verringert. Die zur Containerverladung erforderlichen Bewegungen der Kräne 3 werden durch beliebige Antriebseinrichtungen 23, 24 ermöglicht. Diese sind beispielsweise Hydraulikzylinder, wie in den Zeichnungen angedeutet, Druckluftzylinder oder auch, besonders zur Bewegung in der horizontalen Ebene, elektrische Antriebe über Zahnräder, Zahnstangen od. dgl. Zum Heben und Senken des ausfahrbaren Teleskoparmes 25 ist vorzugsweise in allen Ausführungsvarianten die Ausstattung mit zumindest einem Hydraulikzylinder vorgesehen. Die Hydraulikzylinder 23 für die Schwenkbewegungen sind in der dargestellten Variante zu beiden Seiten des Teleskoparmes 25 angeordnet, doch ist auch eine einseitige Anordnung unter Verwendung eines doppelwirkenden Zylinders denkbar. Ebenso kann der Hydraulikzylinder, bzw. können die Hydraulikzylinder 23 lagemäßig anders angeordnet sein, z.B. normal auf die Wagenlängsachse. Montiert sind die Antriebseinrichtungen 23,24 sowie der Teleskoparm 25 auf einer Plattform 26, die mit Rollen oder Rädern 27 zum Verfahren auf den Schienen 22 ausgestattet ist. Die Räder 27 sind vorteilhafterweise von einem Motor, beispielsweise einem Elektromotor, angetrieben, obgleich die Plattformen auch manuell verfahrbar sein können.The crossing rails 22 namely allow the crane devices 3 to be moved from wagon to wagon, at least between those which adjoin one another. A crane 3 can be used for loading containers on at least two wagons 2, which reduces the number of crane devices 3 that are necessarily to be provided. The movements of the cranes 3 required for container loading are made possible by any drive devices 23, 24. These are, for example, hydraulic cylinders, as indicated in the drawings, compressed air cylinders or, especially for movement in the horizontal plane, electric drives via gears, racks or the like. For lifting and lowering the extendable telescopic arm 25 is preferably in all Design variants provided with at least one hydraulic cylinder. In the variant shown, the hydraulic cylinders 23 for the pivoting movements are arranged on both sides of the telescopic arm 25, but a one-sided arrangement using a double-acting cylinder is also conceivable. Likewise, the hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic cylinders 23 can be arranged differently in position, for example normal to the longitudinal axis of the wagon. The drive devices 23, 24 and the telescopic arm 25 are mounted on a platform 26 which is equipped with rollers or wheels 27 for moving on the rails 22. The wheels 27 are advantageously driven by a motor, for example an electric motor, although the platforms can also be moved manually.

Schließlich ist auch noch zumindest eine Vorrichtung zum Abstützen der Kraneinrichtungen 3 auf der Plattform 26 vorgesehen. Bei großen Containerlasten könnte es nämlich durch die Schwerpunktsverlagerung zu einem Kippen des Transportwaggons 2 bzw. zu einem Abkippen der Kranvorrichtungen 3 vom Waggon kommen, selbst wenn der Kran 3 durch die bereits zuvor angeführten Zangenmechanismen od.dgl. (nicht dargestellt) an den Schienen 22 fixiert wird. Daher ist auf jeder Seite des Waggons 2 an der Plattform 26 eine ausfahrbare od. ausklappbare Abstützeinheit 28,28', wie vorzugsweise je ein Hydraulikzylinder mit Druckstempel angebracht. Diese Abstützvorrichtungen 28,28' können auch an den Waggons 2 direkt, allenfalls auch fix oder nur ausklappbar, befestigt sein. Da sie jedoch nur beim Verladevorgang mittels der verfahrbaren Kräne 3 benötigt werden, ist es aus Gewichts- und Kostengründen vorteilhafter, sie mit den Plattformen 26 zu verbinden und gemeinsam zu verfahren.Finally, at least one device for supporting the crane devices 3 on the platform 26 is also provided. In the case of large container loads, the shifting of the center of gravity could cause the transport wagon 2 to tip or the crane devices 3 to tip over from the wagon, even if the crane 3 or the like has already been mentioned due to the tongs mechanisms. (not shown) is fixed to the rails 22. Therefore, an extendable or foldable support unit 28, 28 ', such as preferably a hydraulic cylinder with a pressure stamp, is attached to the platform 26 on each side of the wagon 2. These support devices 28, 28 'can also be attached to the wagons 2 directly, if necessary also in a fixed manner or only when they are folded out. However, since they are only required during the loading process by means of the movable cranes 3, for reasons of weight and cost it is more advantageous to connect them to the platforms 26 and to move them together.

Ein wichtiges Merkmal der Erfindung ist die Greif- und Klemmvorrichtung 30, die an der Spitze des Teleskoparmes 25, bzw. dessen ausfahrbaren Teil 25', angebracht und zum Koppeln der Kranvorrichtung 3 mit den Anlenkpunkten 11 am Container 1 ausgelegt ist. Die in den Fig. 4a bis 4c dargestellte Variante ist eine bei den genannten Norm-Containern vorteilhaft zum Einsatz gelangende Ausführung. Für Behälter mit anders gestalteten oder angeordneten Anlenkpunkten kann sie den jeweiligen Verhältnissen entsprechend angepaßt oder durch die herkömmlichen Hebehilfsmittel wie Ketten, Haken etc. ersetzt werden. Die Anlenkpunkte 11 der üblichen Iso-Container sind Stahlblechlaschen mit eingearbeiteten Löchern, sodaß zur Ankopplung des Kranes 3 zumindest ein hakenförmiger Teil 31 pro Anlenkpunkt 11 vorgesehen ist. Da pro Ende des Containers zwei Anlenkpunkte 11 vorhanden sind, sind auch zumindest zwei Teile 31 an jeder Greif- und Klemmeinrichtung 30 vorgesehen. Vorzugsweise sind die hakenförmigen Teile an den Eckpunkten eines starren Rahmens 32, der in Form eines gleichschenkeligen, mit der Spitze nach oben zeigenden Dreieckes ausgeführt ist, um eine im wesentlichen horizontal und vorzugsweise parallel zur Waggonachse liegende Drehachse schwenkbar angelenkt. Der obere Eckpunkt 33 des Rahmens ist mit dem ausfahrbaren Teil 25' des Teleskoparmes 25 verbunden. Die hakenförmigen Teile 31 sind am Rahmen 32 vermittels dreieckiger Bauteile 34 angebracht, die an einem Eckpunkt am Rahmen 32 angelenkt sind, deren nach unten, d.h. zum Behälter, weisender Eckpunkt mit einer Rolle 35, einem Gleitblech od.dgl. versehen ist und an dessen drittem, zur Seite weisenden, Eckpunkt der besagte hakenförmige Teil 31 starr angebracht ist. Die zwischen diesem Anbringungspunkt und der Rolle 35 liegende Seite 34' bildet zusammen mit dem hakenförmigen Teil 31 eine sich zur Öffnung hin etwas verjüngende U-förmige Struktur. Der Winkel, mit dem sich der hakenförmige Teil 31 zum Bauteil 34 hin neigt, ist in Abhängigkeit von den Dimensionen der Bauteile derart zu wählen, daß beim Anheben des Containers vor Verlust des Kontaktes des Containers 1 mit der Auflagefläche am Waggon 2, oder dem LKW, Abstellplatz etc., die nach innen weisende Spitze des hakenförmigen Bauteiles etwas höher liegt als dessen Teilstück, das genau unter dem Anlenkpunkt 11 bzw. dem Angriffspunkt der Hubkraft liegt (Fig.4b). Durch diese Maßnahme ist eine sichere Kopplung während des Zeitraumes, den der Behälter ohne Bodenkontakt ist, gewährleistet.An important feature of the invention is the gripping and clamping device 30, which at the tip of the telescopic arm 25 or the extendable part 25 ', attached and designed to couple the crane device 3 with the articulation points 11 on the container 1. The variant shown in FIGS. 4a to 4c is an embodiment which is advantageously used in the aforementioned standard containers. For containers with differently designed or arranged articulation points, it can be adapted to the prevailing conditions or replaced by conventional lifting aids such as chains, hooks, etc. The articulation points 11 of the usual iso-containers are sheet steel brackets with integrated holes, so that at least one hook-shaped part 31 is provided per articulation point 11 for coupling the crane 3. Since there are two articulation points 11 at each end of the container, at least two parts 31 are also provided on each gripping and clamping device 30. The hook-shaped parts are preferably articulated at the corner points of a rigid frame 32, which is designed in the form of an isosceles triangle with the tip pointing upward, about an axis of rotation which is essentially horizontal and preferably parallel to the wagon axis. The upper corner point 33 of the frame is connected to the extendable part 25 'of the telescopic arm 25. The hook-shaped parts 31 are attached to the frame 32 by means of triangular components 34, which are articulated at a corner point on the frame 32, the corner point downward, ie towards the container, with a roller 35, a sliding plate or the like. is provided and at its third, to the side, corner point said hook-shaped part 31 is rigidly attached. The side 34 'lying between this attachment point and the roller 35 forms, together with the hook-shaped part 31, a U-shaped structure which tapers somewhat towards the opening. The angle at which the hook-shaped part 31 tilts towards the component 34 is to be selected depending on the dimensions of the components such that when the container is lifted before the container 1 loses contact with the support surface on the wagon 2 or the truck , Parking space etc., the inward-pointing tip of the hook-shaped Component is slightly higher than its section, which is exactly below the articulation point 11 or the point of application of the lifting force (Fig.4b). This measure ensures a secure coupling during the period that the container is not in contact with the ground.

Gleichzeitig bildet die beschriebene Ausgestaltung aber einen weiteren Vorteil. Zur Herstellung der Kopplung ist es nicht erforderlich, die Bauteile 31 und 34 manuell anzuheben, bzw. nach außen zu spreizen, obwohl dies nach einer weiteren Variante etwa mittels doppelwirkender Hydraulikzylinder vorgenommen werden kann. Wenn die hakenförmigen Bauteile 31 in der in Fig. 4a gezeigten Stellung mit dem Container in Kontakt kommen, d.h., wenn der Bauteil 31 in Richtung zur Containermitte schräg nach oben weist, wird der Bauteil 31 und auch der dreieckige Bauteil 34 durch die weitere Absenkbewegung des Rahmens 32 nach außen gedrückt und rastet bei weiterer Fortsetzung der Bewegung in die Löcher der Anlenkpunkte 11 ein. Dazu ist es notwendig, zusätzlich an der zuvor beschriebenen Konstruktion der Bauteile 31 und 34 auch Einrichtungen zur Begrenzung der Bewegungen der dreieckigen Bauteile 34 vorzusehen, etwa in Form von Anschlagzapfen, die ein Abwärtsschwenken der Bauteile 34 nur bis zu einer Lage zulassen, in der der Bauteil 31 in Richtung der Containermitte schräg nach oben weist. Zum Lösen der Verbindung zwischen Greif- und Klemmeinrichtung 30 und dem Container 1 wird der Rahmen 32 aus der Stellung für den Umsetzvorgang weiter abgesenkt und gegen den Container gedrückt, sodaß vorerst die Rolle 35 in Kontakt mit der Behälteroberfläche kommt und, verursacht durch die Anordnung des Kontaktpunktes der Rolle schräg unter und außerhalb des Anlenkpunktes des Bauteiles 34 am Rahmen 32, bei weiterem Absenken nach außen gleitet und den Bauteil 34 derart schwenkt, daß der hakenförmige Bauteil 31 aus den Löchern der Anlenkpunkte 11 herausgedrückt wird (Fig.4c). Das kann bei Ausstattung mit Spreizeinrichtungen wie den angesprochenen doppelwirkenden Hydraulikzylindern auch mit deren Hilfe geschehen. Schließlich wird die gesamte Greif- und Klemmeinrichtung 30 durch eine Bewegung des Teleskoparmes 25, oder dessen ausfahrbarem Teil 25' oder auch durch eine Bewegung der gesamten Kranvorrichtung 3, in Richtung der Behälterlängsachse in gespreizter Stellung vom Behälter abgezogen.At the same time, the described configuration forms a further advantage. To produce the coupling, it is not necessary to manually lift the components 31 and 34 or to spread them outward, although in a further variant this can be done, for example, by means of double-acting hydraulic cylinders. If the hook-shaped components 31 come into contact with the container in the position shown in FIG. 4a, ie if the component 31 points obliquely upwards in the direction of the center of the container, the component 31 and also the triangular component 34 are caused by the further lowering movement of the Frame 32 pressed outwards and engages in the holes of the articulation points 11 as the movement continues. For this purpose, it is necessary, in addition to the above-described construction of the components 31 and 34, to also provide devices for limiting the movements of the triangular components 34, for example in the form of stop pins, which allow the components 34 to be swiveled downward only up to a position in which Component 31 points obliquely upwards in the direction of the center of the container. To release the connection between the gripping and clamping device 30 and the container 1, the frame 32 is lowered further from the position for the transfer process and pressed against the container, so that the roller 35 comes into contact with the container surface and, caused by the arrangement of the Contact point of the roller obliquely below and outside the articulation point of the component 34 on the frame 32, with further lowering it slides outward and pivots the component 34 such that the hook-shaped component 31 emerges from the holes in the articulation points 11 is pushed out (Fig.4c). This can also be done with the help of spreaders such as the double-acting hydraulic cylinders mentioned. Finally, the entire gripping and clamping device 30 is withdrawn from the container in a spread position by a movement of the telescopic arm 25, or its extendable part 25 ′ or also by a movement of the entire crane device 3, in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the container.

In den Zeichnungen nicht dargestellt ist weiters ein vorteilhaftes Merkmal, welches zur Vereinfachung der Bedienung der Kranvorrichtungen 3 führt. Es handelt sich um zumindest eine lösbare Leitung zwischen den zusammenwirkenden Kranvorrichtungen 3, die am Waggon 2 befestigt, allenfalls abnehmbar, bzw. baulich integriert ist, durch die die besagten Kräne 3 auf diesem Waggon synchronisiert steuerbar sind. Dabei kann es sich einerseits um elektrische Kabel zur Übertragung von Steuersignalen handeln, aber auch um Hydraulikschläuche zur gleichzeitigen Betätigung der Hydraulikzylinder 23.Furthermore, an advantageous feature, which leads to the simplification of the operation of the crane devices 3, is not shown in the drawings. There is at least one detachable line between the interacting crane devices 3, which is attached to the wagon 2, at most removable or structurally integrated, by means of which the said cranes 3 can be controlled in a synchronized manner on this wagon. On the one hand, these can be electrical cables for the transmission of control signals, but also hydraulic hoses for the simultaneous actuation of the hydraulic cylinders 23.

Abschließend soll nun,wieder unter besonderer Bezugnahme auf die Fig. 2a,2b,3a und 3b,das Verfahren zum Be- und Entladen mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Kranvorrichtungen 3 beschrieben werden. Ausgegangen wird von der Annahme, daß sowohl ein Container 1 als auch eine Kranvorrichtung 3 sich bereits auf dem Transportwaggon 2 befinden, und der Container auf einen Stellplatz neben dem Waggon abgeladen werden soll. Über die Überfahrtsschienen 22 wird, vorzugsweise von einem angrenzenden Waggon, eine zweite Kranvorrichtung 3 auf den Waggon 2 bis an den Behälter 1 herangefahren (Fig.2a) und fixiert. Die Greif- und Klemmvorrichtung 30 jeder der beiden Kräne 3 wird abgesenkt und an den Container 1 angekoppelt. Spätestens jetzt werden auch die Abstützeinrichtungen eingesetzt. Der Hydraulikzylinder 28' auf der Seite, auf die der Behälter geschwenkt werden soll, wird ausgefahren. Vorzugsweise, wenn die Platz- und Bodenverhältnisse es erlauben, wird er in die weitestmöglich ausgefahrene Stellung (Fig.3a, durchgezogene Linien) gebracht, jedoch ist bei ungünstigen Verhältnissen oder leichten Containerfrachten auch jede beliebige Zwischenstellung bis knapp neben dem Waggon 2 möglich (Fig.3a, strichlierte Linien). Je nach Bedarf können die Abstützeinrichtungen der beiden Kranvorrichtungen 3 verschieden weit ausgefahren werden (siehe Fig.3a, strichlierte Position).Finally, again with particular reference to FIGS. 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, the method for loading and unloading by means of the crane devices 3 according to the invention will be described. It is assumed that both a container 1 and a crane device 3 are already on the transport wagon 2 and the container is to be unloaded onto a parking space next to the wagon. A second crane device 3 is moved over the crossing rails 22, preferably from an adjacent wagon, onto the wagon 2 as far as the container 1 (FIG. 2a) and fixed. The gripping and clamping device 30 of each of the two cranes 3 is lowered and coupled to the container 1. The support devices are now also being used at the latest. The hydraulic cylinder 28 'on the side to which the Container to be pivoted is extended. Preferably, if the space and soil conditions allow it, it is brought into the most extended position possible (Fig.3a, solid lines), however, in unfavorable conditions or light container loads, any intermediate position up to just next to the wagon 2 is possible (Fig. 3a, dashed lines). Depending on requirements, the support devices of the two crane devices 3 can be extended to different extents (see Fig. 3a, dashed position).

Danach wird der Container 1 etwas angehoben, gerade soweit, daß er von den Aufsetzzapfen 21 am Waggon 2 freikommt (Fig.2b). Dies geschieht durch die Antriebseinrichtung 24. Da die Aufsetzzapfen 21 nur geringe Höhe aufweisen, bleibt beim ersten Anheben ein ausreichender Sicherheitsabstand zur Oberleitung 5 gewahrt. Anschließend werden die Schwenkeinrichtungen, z.B. die Hydraulikzylinder 23, betätigt und der Container seitlich, doch parallel zur Waggonachse,nach außen neben den Waggon 2 geschwenkt (Fig.3a). Da der höchste Punkt der Kranvorrichtung 3, nämlich der Verbindungspunkt 33 zwischen der Greifund Klemmeinrichtung 30 und dem Teleskoparmteil 25', nun seitlich außerhalb des Bereiches der Oberleitung 5 ist, kann gefahrlos jede mögliche Hubhöhe erzielt werden. Dazu wird einesteils der Hydraulikzylinder 24 betätigt und/oder der ausfahrbare Teil 25' des Teleskoparmes ausgefahren. Hiedurch ist auch die Verladung auf LKWs oder Abstellplätze mit hohem Bodenniveau gefahrlos möglich.Then the container 1 is raised a little, just enough that it comes free from the mounting pins 21 on the wagon 2 (Fig. 2b). This is done by the drive device 24. Since the mounting pins 21 are only of a small height, a sufficient safety distance from the overhead line 5 is maintained when they are first lifted. Then the swivel devices, e.g. the hydraulic cylinders 23, actuated and the container laterally, but parallel to the wagon axis, pivoted outwards next to the wagon 2 (Fig.3a). Since the highest point of the crane device 3, namely the connection point 33 between the gripping and clamping device 30 and the telescopic arm part 25 ', is now laterally outside the area of the overhead line 5, any possible lifting height can be achieved without risk. For this purpose, part of the hydraulic cylinder 24 is actuated and / or the extendable part 25 'of the telescopic arm is extended. In this way, loading onto trucks or parking spaces with a high floor level is possible without risk.

Schließlich wird der Container 1 abgesenkt (Fig.3b), worauf die Kopplung mit dem Kran 3 gelöst wird, vorzugsweise wie oben anhand Fig.4c beschrieben.Finally, the container 1 is lowered (FIG. 3b), whereupon the coupling with the crane 3 is released, preferably as described above with reference to FIG. 4c.

Vorteilhafterweise werden die beiden zusammenwirkenden Kranvorrichtungen 3 vor dem Verladevorgang durch die angesprochenen Leitungen synchronisiert. Soll anschließend ein anderer Waggon, z.B. der angrenzende Wagen, entladen werden, wird die, diesem nächstliegende Kranvorrichtung 3 über die Überfahrtsschienen 22 auf diesen Waggon verfahren und der Verladevorgang wiederholt. Die Beladung des Waggons erfolgt sinngemäß in umgekehrter Reihenfolge.Advantageously, the two cooperating crane devices 3 are addressed by those addressed before the loading process Lines synchronized. If another wagon, for example the adjacent wagon, is then to be unloaded, the crane device 3 closest to it is moved onto this wagon via the crossing rails 22 and the loading process is repeated. The wagons are loaded in reverse order.

Claims (8)

  1. Combination of transportation vehicles, more especially vehicles having a low floor, each having rails (22) and at least one crane arrangement (3) for loading containers on one end of the vehicle, possibly one crane arrangement at each of the two ends of the vehicle, at least one crane arrangement (3) being displaceable into each vehicle on travel rails (22), which only connect the adjacent ends of two abutting vehicles, onto the adjacent end of an abutting vehicle and being securable on each of the two vehicles by retaining means, and the crane arrangement (3) being provided with at least two gripping or clamping means (30), which are provided with at least one hook-shaped component part (31) per pivot point (11) for engagement with the pivot points (11) of containers (1), at least two hook-shaped component parts (31) being pivotally connected to each of the corner points of a rigid frame (32), which is in the form of an isosceles triangle with the apex pointing upwardly, so as to be pivotable about a substantially horizontal rotary axis (40), characterised in that the hook-shaped component parts (31) are mounted on the frame (32) by means of triangular component parts (34), which are pivotally connected to the frame by a corner point, the inner corner point of said triangular component parts, which points downwardly, i.e. towards the container, being provided with a component part (35), which is displaceable on the upper wall of the container (1) as a result of the frame (32) being raised or lowered, and said hook-shaped component part (31) is rigidly connected to the third corner point (42) of said triangular component parts pointing towards the side and forms a structure, which narrows towards the opening, with the side (34') of the triangular component part (34), which side lies between its attachment point and the point carrying the component part (35), means being provided to define the movements of the hook-shaped component parts (31), which means permit a downward pivotal movement, only to a position where the hook-shaped component part (31) points inclinedly upwardly towards the centre of the frame, for engagement with the pivot points on containers during the coupling thereof.
  2. Combination of transportation vehicles according to claim 1, characterised in that the displaceable component part is configured as roller (35).
  3. Combination of transportation vehicles according to claim 1, characterised in that the displaceable component part is configured as a slide plate.
  4. Combination of transportation vehicles according to claim 1, characterised in that the point of contact between the displaceable component part and the surface of the container (1) is inclined beneath and externally of the point where the triangular component part (34) is pivotally connected to the frame (32), at least when the gripping or clamping means (30) is in its coupled position.
  5. Combination of transportation vehicles according to one of claims 1 or 4, characterised in that the hook-shaped component parts (31) are displaceable between the two associated component parts by drive means.
  6. Combination of transportation vehicles according to claim 5, characterised in that the hook-shaped component parts (31) are displaceable by double-acting hydraulic cylinders.
  7. Combination of transportation vehicles according to claim 1, characterised in that the gripping or clamping means (30) are provided with an extendable telescopic arm (25, 25'), which is pivotally connected in a rotationally and inclinedly variable manner substantially on the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and is displaceable by drive means (23, 24), the telescopic arm (25, 25') and the drive means (23, 24) being mounted on a common platform (26).
  8. Combination of transportation vehicles according to claim 7, characterised in that the drive means (23, 24) are configured as hydraulic cylinders.
EP19900890331 1990-01-22 1990-12-17 Transportation vehicle, in particular low floor vehicle, as well as method of loading and unloading the same Expired - Lifetime EP0438998B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT131/90 1990-01-22
AT13190A AT401911B (en) 1990-01-22 1990-01-22 TRANSPORT WAGON, ESPECIALLY LOW-FLOOR WAGON

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EP0438998A2 EP0438998A2 (en) 1991-07-31
EP0438998A3 EP0438998A3 (en) 1992-05-27
EP0438998B1 true EP0438998B1 (en) 1995-07-12

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AT (1) AT401911B (en)
CS (1) CS13291A2 (en)
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AT351584B (en) * 1976-05-31 1979-08-10 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz ZUGSVERBAND FOR ACCEPTING, DISPOSING AND TRANSPORTING BULK CARGO
US4099635A (en) * 1976-11-05 1978-07-11 Lucky Manufacturing Company Gondola car loader
AT373833B (en) * 1982-01-15 1984-02-27 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz TRACKABLE PLANT FOR THE TRANSPORT OF SCHUETTGUT
FR2543937B1 (en) * 1983-04-11 1985-08-02 Sotramef LIFT AND TRANSPORT DEVICE ON RAILWAYS
DE3633862A1 (en) * 1986-10-04 1988-09-15 Klaus E Heckl Container vehicle
GB8811204D0 (en) * 1988-05-11 1988-06-15 Danzoe Eng Ltd Improvements in/relating to support & manipulating apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014000045A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-03 Cascarl Pty Ltd Crane arrangement
AU2013284354B2 (en) * 2012-06-29 2017-08-03 Rapid Pole Replacement Pty Ltd Crane arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT401911B (en) 1996-12-27
CS13291A2 (en) 1991-09-15
EP0438998A2 (en) 1991-07-31
ATA13190A (en) 1996-05-15
DE59009402D1 (en) 1995-08-17
EP0438998A3 (en) 1992-05-27

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