EP0437672B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonkörpern, Schalung für die Herstellung dieser Betonkörper und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonkörpern, Schalung für die Herstellung dieser Betonkörper und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0437672B1
EP0437672B1 EP90114902A EP90114902A EP0437672B1 EP 0437672 B1 EP0437672 B1 EP 0437672B1 EP 90114902 A EP90114902 A EP 90114902A EP 90114902 A EP90114902 A EP 90114902A EP 0437672 B1 EP0437672 B1 EP 0437672B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
formwork
nozzles
cast
bar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90114902A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0437672A1 (de
Inventor
Jadran Korla
Edvard Mali
Janez Gjura
Miroslav Spasic
Ivan Bajc
Andrej Zajc
Mitja Bernik
Janez Pozun
Janez Durini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zavod Za Raziskavo Materiala In Konstrukcij Nsolo Tozd Institut Za Materiale Nsubo
Original Assignee
Zavod Za Raziskavo Materiala In Konstrukcij Nsolo Tozd Institut Za Materiale Nsubo
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Publication of EP0437672A1 publication Critical patent/EP0437672A1/de
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Publication of EP0437672B1 publication Critical patent/EP0437672B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/24—Unitary mould structures with a plurality of moulding spaces, e.g. moulds divided into multiple moulding spaces by integratable partitions, mould part structures providing a number of moulding spaces in mutual co-operation
    • B28B7/241—Detachable assemblies of mould parts providing only in mutual co-operation a number of complete moulding spaces
    • B28B7/243—Detachable assemblies of mould parts providing only in mutual co-operation a number of complete moulding spaces for making plates, panels or similar sheet- or disc-shaped objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/021—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles by fluid pressure acting directly on the material, e.g. using vacuum, air pressure

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a method of manufacturing intermediate concrete products according to the precharacterizing part of claim 1.
  • the concrete tiles are manufactured according to a known method in such a manner that concrete of dry to damp consistency, having as a rule no additional dyes, is fed onto a horizontal formwork and consolidated into the corresponding form by means of vibrating and compressing. Further, raw tile formed in such a manner proceeds into a heating chamber in which there prevail specified climatic conditions (humidity of 95% and temperature of up to 65 °C) and reposes until it has won approximately 50% of its ultimate strength. Only then the tile can be lifted out of the horizontal formwork and proceeded to further treatment, e.g. sorting, colouring, storage.
  • climatic conditions humidity of 95% and temperature of up to 65 °C
  • a disadvantage of the concrete of said consistency is also a relatively high sensitivity to changes of volume in loose and consolidated state, which results in a change of quality of the product even at the slightest changes of input material, e.g. humidity.
  • a further disadvantage of the known method lies in a high sound pressure level occurring at consolidating the concrete by means of vibrations, due to intensive vibrating of the concrete there also appear powerful vibrations in the surrounding of the tile producing machine.
  • deformations of the horizontal metal formworks take place, which results in the necessity of frequently replacing the formworks to avoid deformed products.
  • Another disadvantage of the known method lies in the circumstance that the side of the concrete product-tile facing away from the formwork is free, i.e. unprotected, wherefore damages can occur on the tile. During the time in which the tile lies in the chamber, even the entire surface of the tile which at use is exposed to weather can be damaged due to possible change of humidity or temperature.
  • a further disadvantage lies in that a great amount of space is needed for the aforementioned method of manufacturing tiles as the daily production of e.g. 100.000 tiles requires approximately 12.000 m3 of room which, in addition, should be heated to a temperature of approximately 65 °C , which results in a relatively high power consumption.
  • the GB-A-1 579 544 generally a box connected to a plurality of tubes is known for feeding concrete into a plurality of casts; and the DD-A-259 576 shows generally a distributor system for liquids, especially chemical agents and pharmaceutical agents.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing concrete products, preferably tiles, according to the precharacterizing part of claim 1, in which the aforementioned disadvantages will be avoided.
  • the feature of the present method according to the invention lies in the use of concrete of a cast consistency, which ensures uniformity of the composition and unsegregability of concrete, the possibility of forwarding under pressure to the charging head and filling up a row of formworks during one production cycle with exact material dosing.
  • Cast concrete possesses the features of good and quick homogeneity even in the case when very small quantities of chemical or mineral additives are added.
  • durability of the material e.g. resistance to freezing and chemical influence resistance and high quality of pigmentizing of concrete mass.
  • Components of the cast concrete ensuring the necessary features of fresh concrete admixture are as follows:
  • Fig. 1 showing a schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying out said method.
  • Concrete of the aforementioned composition and consistency is prepared in a common counterflow concrete plant. Concrete prepared in such a manner is delivered into a storage bin 1 of a screw pump 2, by means of which it is conveyed through a pipe line 3 to a charging head 4 of an apparatus according to the invention.
  • the charging head 4 is arranged for filling up a row of formworks 5 whereby concrete is contractionally discharged into each formwork 5 by means of discharging nozzles 6.
  • Pressure required for operation of the system is maintained by means of automatic synchronised working of the pump 2 and of the unit for opening and closing the stops and unit for lowering and lifting the head 4, whereby it is particularly important that in all nozzles 6 for filling up the formworks 5 the same pressure is ensured.
  • Its value at the outlet of each nozzle 6 equals from 0,1 bar to 0,5 bar, preferably 0,2 bar. Due to technological features of concrete, said formworks must be water-impermeable and made of thermally insulating material, e.g. polyurethane resin.
  • Each nozzle 6 of the charging head 4 is thrust to the area of the bottom of each formwork 5 and then concrete is conveyed therein.
  • the charging head 4 and the nozzles 6 are lifted up with constant velocity till the formworks 5 are completely filled up.
  • the nozzles 6 may not be lifted over the level of the concrete being cast in any case.
  • the lifting velocity of the charging head 4 and thereby of the nozzles 6 is adjusted to the largest cross-section of the product being cast, and in the particular case equals from 0,05 ms ⁇ 1 to 0,2 ms ⁇ 1, preferably 0,1 ms ⁇ 1.
  • the formworks 5 When the formworks 5 are filled up they are transferred to a setting place.
  • said formworks are made of thermally insulating material an intrinsic energy-hydration heat of the cement is exploited released during setting time for the concrete.
  • the concrete is aging practically in adiabatic conditions, and after approximately 24 hours reaches a temperature of approximately 55 °C above ambient temperature, which in the particular case equals 20 °C without additional heating wherefore any further thermal treatment is superfluous.
  • Figs. 8, 9, 10 show, just for further elucidation of the method according to the invention, a formwork 5 for casting concrete tiles.
  • Said formwork comprises a pair of frames 7, 8 clamping together a plurality of elements 9 made of waterimpermeable and thermally insulating material, e.g. polyurethane resin, the form of which corresponds to a product desired, and in the particular case corresponding to a tile.
  • Each element 9 is along both vertical sides provided with a pair of thickenings 10, 11 whereby facing sides of each thickening 10, 11 of two adjacent elements 9 are parallel abutting slitlessly to each other.
  • the element 9 is at its first, in the particular case its lower, end provided with a web 12 being essentially perpendicular to said element and running between the thickenings 10, 11.
  • a web 12 being essentially perpendicular to said element and running between the thickenings 10, 11.
  • the elements 9 are formed in such a manner that their first flat side 14 corresponds to the first side of the tile, their second flat side 15 corresponding to the second side thereof.
  • the elements 9 are arranged vertically, i.e. concrete is cast from the upper side. Two elements 9 are needed to produce one tile and n+1 of said elements are needed to produce n tiles.
  • the apparatus comprises a storage bin 1 arranged on a screw pump 2. The latter is driven through a gearbox 2' by means of a drive 2''.
  • a pipe line 3 fixed on a stand 3' is connected to the discharge end of the pump 2.
  • the other end of the pipe line 3 is connected to an essentially trapezoidal charging head 4 to which a row of discharging nozzles 6 is interconnected.
  • Said nozzles are removably fixed to a bottom 7 of the head 4 which is in the area of penetration of each nozzle 6 therethrough provided with a wear resisting plate 8.
  • a blocking unit 8' is slidingly and movably arranged on the plates 8 of each row of the nozzles 6.
  • Said unit comprises closures 9 being mutually rigidly connected by means of a linkage 10 which is interconnected with the pneumatic or hydraulic working cylinder 11. The latter enables simultaneous moving of all closures 9 over the plates 8 and closing and opening the nozzles 6 respectively.
  • each closure 9 there are throttle knives 12 arranged slidingly and movably in the same plane as said closure and extending over the entire length of each row of nozzles 6.
  • the throttle knives 12 are regarding the closure 9 staggered in their plane in the direction away from the working cylinder 11, the closures 9 being provided with a lug 9' cooperating with the knives 12.
  • the side of the knives 12 facing away from the working cylinder 11 is shaped as a half-wave of a sinusoidal curve 13 the curvature of which is conditioned by mutual distance of the two utmost nozzles 6, by material cast and by the pressure for pressing material into the nozzles 6.
  • the throttle knives 12 are reinforced by means of a brace fillet 14 and mutually connected by means of a linkage 15.
  • a back stop 16 meshing with the linkage 15. The latter penetrates the wall 4' of the head 4 on the side facing away from the working cylinder 11 whereby the linkage 15 is between the said wall and a limit stop 17 provided with a tension-compression spring 18 which enables moving of the throttle knives 12.
  • a nut 18' is screwed thereon, the stroke of the throttle knives 12 being regulated therewith.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonkörpern, wobei konsistenter, nicht absonderbarer Gussbeton durch wenigstens eine Düse in wenigstens eine entsprechende Schalung nach dem Contractor-Verfahren gepresst ist, wobei die Düse im Bodenbereich der Schalung angeordnet ist und, falls letztere im wesentlichen bis zu einem Drittel in die Höhe ausgefüllt ist, die Düse mit gleichförmiger Geschwindigkeit aus der Schalung herausgezogen wird, u.z. in solcher Weise, dass sie keinesfalls über die Oberfläche des giessenden Betons gehoben wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Schalung aus einem wasserundurchlässigen und wärmeisolierenden Stoff ausgebildet ist, dass Beton tatsächlich in adiabatischem Zustand abbindet und der Dosierdruck von Beton an einer Ausströmöffnung einer jeweiligen Düse (6) von 0,1 bar bis 0,5 bar, vorzugsweise 0,2 bar, beträgt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anhebegeschwindigkeit der Düsen von 0,05 ms⁻¹ bis 0,2 ms⁻¹, vorzugsweise 0,1 ms⁻¹ beträgt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die während der Abbindezeit entbundene Hydrationswärme von Zement ausgebeutet ist.
EP90114902A 1990-01-16 1990-08-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonkörpern, Schalung für die Herstellung dieser Betonkörper und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0437672B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
YU7290A YU7290A (sh) 1990-01-16 1990-01-16 Postopek izdelave betonskih polizdelkov, priprava za izdelavo betonskih polizdelkov in naprava za izvedbo postopka
YU72/90 1990-01-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0437672A1 EP0437672A1 (de) 1991-07-24
EP0437672B1 true EP0437672B1 (de) 1994-06-08

Family

ID=25548209

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90114902A Expired - Lifetime EP0437672B1 (de) 1990-01-16 1990-08-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonkörpern, Schalung für die Herstellung dieser Betonkörper und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0437672B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE106792T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2025840A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69009724T2 (de)
FI (1) FI903951A (de)
SI (1) SI9010072A (de)
YU (1) YU7290A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110183023A1 (en) * 2005-04-28 2011-07-28 Monier Technical Centre Limited Method and plant for the manufacture of building products
CN106703412A (zh) * 2015-07-13 2017-05-24 马义和 一种内含振动棒的建筑构件3d打印喷头

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MY120547A (en) * 1997-08-29 2005-11-30 Boral Resources Nsw Pty Ltd Building panel and method and apparatus of forming same
NL1013857C2 (nl) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-25 Hollandsche Betongroep Nv Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vormen van een betonelement.
CH711101A2 (de) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-30 Airlight Energy Ip Sa Verfahren zum Herstellen eines masshaltigen Betonwerkstücks und masshaltige Betonwerkstücke.
CN115319884B (zh) * 2022-07-11 2024-05-03 齐齐哈尔大学 一种大掺量秸秆混凝土复合墙板制作工艺

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2341714A1 (fr) * 1976-02-23 1977-09-16 Centre Etd Rech Ind Beton Bloc de construction prefabrique et procede et installation pour sa fabrication
DD259576A1 (de) * 1987-04-10 1988-08-31 Saechsisches Serumwerk Verteilerorgan zur verteilung kleiner definierter fluessigkeitsmengen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110183023A1 (en) * 2005-04-28 2011-07-28 Monier Technical Centre Limited Method and plant for the manufacture of building products
CN106703412A (zh) * 2015-07-13 2017-05-24 马义和 一种内含振动棒的建筑构件3d打印喷头
CN106703412B (zh) * 2015-07-13 2019-04-26 马义和 一种内含振动棒的建筑构件3d打印喷头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI9010072A (en) 1997-10-31
DE69009724D1 (de) 1994-07-14
ATE106792T1 (de) 1994-06-15
FI903951A0 (fi) 1990-08-09
YU7290A (sh) 1992-09-07
CA2025840A1 (en) 1991-07-17
EP0437672A1 (de) 1991-07-24
DE69009724T2 (de) 1994-12-15
FI903951A (fi) 1991-07-17

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