EP0420750B1 - Composed insulating panel using mineral wool and method of obtaining the same - Google Patents
Composed insulating panel using mineral wool and method of obtaining the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP0420750B1 EP0420750B1 EP90402655A EP90402655A EP0420750B1 EP 0420750 B1 EP0420750 B1 EP 0420750B1 EP 90402655 A EP90402655 A EP 90402655A EP 90402655 A EP90402655 A EP 90402655A EP 0420750 B1 EP0420750 B1 EP 0420750B1
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- panel according
- composite
- cells
- flakes
- brushes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a composite insulating panel based on mineral wool, in particular glass wool, intended more particularly for insulating the sub-roofs of buildings for residential use. It also relates to a process for obtaining such composite panels, from an insulating felt of mineral wool.
- Insulating panels known as sub-roofs are known, constituted by rigid prefabricated elements whose length corresponds if possible to the height of roofs which supposes spans of for example more than 5 meters for inclined roofs. These panels are formed of one or two plates, for example of laminated wood or agglomerated particles, separated by a rigid panel of synthetic foam of the polyurethane or expanded polystyrene type.
- These insulating panels however, only provide thermal insulation and little or no acoustic insulation and, above all, do not have the most satisfactory fire behavior, in particular with the risk of release of toxic gases during a fire.
- US Pat. No. 4,153,084 describes a method of obtaining a composite panel filled with cellulosic fibers, comprising a step of shredding a compact mass of these fibers, using articulated rotary flails, and the US patent.
- -4,271,876 describes a method of obtaining a composite panel using the same type of fibers involving a step of scanning the panels after filling using brushes mounted on an axis perpendicular to the axis of scrolling of the panel, brushes associated with scrapers to complete the filling of the cells with the fibrous material.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a composite panel possibly insulating over long lengths, fire resistant and of relatively low production cost.
- the composite panel according to the invention must be able to be used in particular as a sub-roofing panel for the insulation of inclined roofs of buildings for residential use.
- a composite panel whose internal structure is a honeycomb type honeycomb structure filled with mineral wool flakes, for example obtained by grinding a felt -or waste from the production of a felt - mineral wool.
- the ratio between the size of the cells and the average diameter of the flakes is close to 10 to 1.
- the depth of the cells is greater than 100 mm, the density of the insulator being advantageously between 30 and 40 kg / m3.
- the honeycomb structure is advantageously made from a material that is both economical and fire-resistant, such as kraft paper cardboard impregnated with a salt and / or a phenolic resin.
- the filled honeycomb structure is sandwiched between two wooden plates, laminate or agglomerated wood particles, the agglomerated plates being preferred because of their lower cost.
- These plates are preferably coated with a continuous layer of adhesive, for example polyurethane, which serves both as a bonding agent for the honeycomb structure and as a barrier layer impermeable to water vapor and liquid water, this in order to '' prevent the vapor which is present in the relatively warmer atmosphere of the attic from condensing at the rear of the composite panel, roof side and damaging it.
- the invention also relates to a process for obtaining a composite panel according to the invention which essentially comprises a phase of grinding a mineral wool felt and a phase of filling the honeycomb structure during which the panel scrolls under the device for supplying the filling material, the grinding being obtained by means of rotary flails and being continued according to the invention until the flakes thus formed fall through a grid whose passage meshes have a dimension between 1/20 and 1 times the size of the cells and preferably of the order of 1/10; the filling phase comprising a sweep by means of sets of brushes mounted slightly inclined around an axis perpendicular to the direction of travel of the panel.
- the flakes are obtained by grinding a mineral wool felt. It can be a continuous felt produced for this purpose or possibly non-continuous production waste.
- a mineral wool felt previously compressed between two rollers, in front of articulated flails carried by a rotating shaft, the flakes produced escaping from the threshing chamber through an opening closed by a grid whose passage meshes have a dimension between 0.05 and 1 times the size of the cells of the honeycomb structure and preferably of the order of 0.1.
- the flakes are preferably used directly to fill the honeycomb structure which is preferably conveyed at a speed for example between 0.20 and 20 meters per minute.
- This first removal is completed by at least one of the following measures: suction, sweeping, vibration.
- the honeycomb structure For a suction, the honeycomb structure must be arranged on a porous bottom preferably constituted by a fiberglass veil left in place during the bonding of the surface plates.
- the alveo5 laire structure is directly glued to a surface plate conveyed by a vibrator and / or scrolling under one or more sets brushes rotating around one or more axes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the panels and slightly inclined relative to the transverse axis of the panels so that the brushes "scan" the panels transversely and thus favor the filling of the cells by flakes.
- the bristles of the downstream sets penetrate deeper into the cells than those of the first sets to come into contact with the flakes; the penetration height can advantageously be between 1 and 10 mm.
- all the parts in contact with the flakes, in particular the walls of the threshing chamber, the grid and the bristles of the brush are preferably made of plastic material, for example Plexiglass R for rigid parts, this in order to '' prevent the glass wool crushed by the plagues from sticking to these elements by the effect of attracting electrostatic charges.
- a composite panel according to the invention and such as that shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 should preferably be able to have a length L corresponding to the dimensions of the inclined sections of a sloping roof, and not require too many fixing points during its implementation. Such qualities therefore assume a range of 5 to 6 meters or more which cannot be obtained with a simple panel of compressed mineral wool bound by a formo-phenolic resin for example. It is also not desirable to reinforce the panels with spacers of the chevron type because, in addition to the inherent cost thereof, their installation may require, for example, an economically impractical grooving operation.
- the solution according to the invention consists in the use of a spacer structure of the honeycomb type which we know to be allows a particularly high mechanical resistance.
- a relatively inexpensive prefabricated structure can be used, for example made of a cardboard having undergone chemical treatment to improve its fire resistance by impregnation with a phenolic resin and / or an appropriate saline solution.
- This spacer structure 3 is glued between two wooden plates, plywood, chipboard, at least one of these two plates can be replaced possibly by a plasterboard, fiber cement or equivalent.
- the height of this structure is preferably greater than 100 mm and more preferably 130 mm, this in order to provide a sufficient filling volume for quality insulation.
- the size of the cells is preferably between 20 and 50 mm and is advantageously of the order of 40 mm.
- the insulating material for filling the cells is preferably constituted by flakes whose average diameter is close to 1/10 times the size of the cells.
- flakes between glass wool a ratio of 1 to 10 is a good compromise which makes it possible to satisfy both the requirements in terms of insulation - which supposes "light” flakes trapping a good amount of air and the filling requirements so that the flakes penetrate well into the cells.
- these flakes are obtained by grinding a glass wool felt possibly containing a resin. It is possible, for example, to use the production scrap from installations for producing insulation felts whose density is between 90 and 100 kg / m3 or even felts specially prepared for the invention.
- the milling technique used is related to the technique more commonly used for the production of blown wool, but by interposing a grid between the milling chamber and the outlet so as to allow only flakes smaller than a given size to pass through. .
- the grid meshes preferably have a length of between 1/20 and 1 times the size of the cells and advantageously the meshes of the grid have a length of between 1/10 to 1/3 of the size of the cells.
- the installation shown here schematically comprises from the bottom up a loading assembly 4, a grinding assembly 5 and a filling assembly 6.
- the loading assembly 4 is essentially constituted by a felt conveyor belt 7, a guide roller 8 and two compression rollers 9 and 10 which compress the felt and force it to penetrate into the grinding assembly 5, the walls of which for example made of glass or material plastic are not shown here.
- the grinding means are constituted by articulated flails 11 rotatably mounted around a shaft 12. The flakes then formed must pass through a grid 13 whose mesh is 10 mm in the case of example then arrive at the lower level or level filling 6.
- This filling level 6 comprises a conveyor 14 on which pass panels 15 consisting of a plate 16 for example made of chipboard and a honeycomb structure 17 whose cells are for example 130 mm high and 40 mm large.
- pass panels 15 consisting of a plate 16 for example made of chipboard and a honeycomb structure 17 whose cells are for example 130 mm high and 40 mm large.
- the structure, made of fireproof cardboard, is glued to the plate 16 which is therefore made impermeable to water vapor.
- each set here comprises brushes with axes perpendicular to the direction of advance of the conveyor 14, but whose plane is inclined so that their bristles sweep a certain width.
- These bristles are preferably flexible bristles of plastic material of the nylon type.
- the brushes of the set 19, positioned further downstream of the line, are such that their bristles penetrate into the honeycomb structure a little deeper than those of the brushes of the set 18.
- the respective penetration depths can be for example 1 and 10 mm.
- one or two additional sets can be used. Under these conditions, the cells can be completely filled with a density of insulating material of, for example, between 30 and 40 kg / m3.
- the fire resistance of composite panels according to the invention has been verified as follows: a model is made having the dimensions 4300 mm x 1600 mm by abutting two composite panels according to the invention of 4300 mm x 800 mm, the central joint being constituted by a flexible self-adhesive plastic material. The model is exposed to a fire and its fire resistance is measured using the loss of flame resistance and the loss of fire resistance as a criterion. We finally obtain a fire resistance of 45 minutes, a more than satisfactory duration. Furthermore, the composite panels according to the invention provide sound and sound insulation of quality.
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
L'invention a pour objet un panneau composite isolant à base de laine minérale, notamment de laine de verre, destiné plus particulièrement à l'isolation des sous-toitures des bâtiments à usage d'habitation. Elle a également pour objet un procédé d'obtention de tels panneaux composites, à partir d'un feutre isolant en laine minérale. Il est connu des panneaux isolants dits de sous-toitures, constitués par des éléments préfabriqués rigides dont la longueur correspond si possible à la hauteur de toitures ce qui suppose des portées de par exemple plus de 5 mètres pour des toitures inclinées. Ces panneaux sont formés d'une ou deux plaques, par exemple en bois stratifié ou en particules agglomérées, séparées par un panneau rigide en mousse synthétique du type polyuréthane ou polystyrène expansé. Ces panneaux isolants ne procurent toutefois qu'une isolation thermique et pas ou peu d'isolation acoustique et surtout n'ont pas un comportement au feu des plus satisfaisants avec notamment le risque d'un dégagement de gaz toxiques lors d'un incendie.The subject of the invention is a composite insulating panel based on mineral wool, in particular glass wool, intended more particularly for insulating the sub-roofs of buildings for residential use. It also relates to a process for obtaining such composite panels, from an insulating felt of mineral wool. Insulating panels known as sub-roofs are known, constituted by rigid prefabricated elements whose length corresponds if possible to the height of roofs which supposes spans of for example more than 5 meters for inclined roofs. These panels are formed of one or two plates, for example of laminated wood or agglomerated particles, separated by a rigid panel of synthetic foam of the polyurethane or expanded polystyrene type. These insulating panels, however, only provide thermal insulation and little or no acoustic insulation and, above all, do not have the most satisfactory fire behavior, in particular with the risk of release of toxic gases during a fire.
Il est aussi connu de FR.A.2608964 la réalisation de caissons en forme d'auge, constitués de panneaux en bois agglomérés par des chevrons servant également d'intercalaires définissant des compartiments dont l'intérieur est ultérieurement rempli de flocons de laine de verre produits par une opération de cardage à partir d'une nappe comprimée de laine de verre. La laine de verre permet d'assurer une isolation thermique et acoustique et est de plus incombustible. Toutefois de tels panneaux sont pénalisés par un coût de réalisation élevé dû à l'augmentation du nombre de chevrons intercalaires de renfort dès que leur longueur augmente.It is also known from FR.A.2608964 the production of trough-shaped boxes, made up of wooden panels agglomerated by rafters also serving as dividers defining compartments whose interior is subsequently filled with glass wool flakes produced by a carding operation from a compressed sheet of glass wool. Glass wool provides thermal and acoustic insulation and is also non-combustible. However, such panels are penalized by a high production cost due to the increase in the number of reinforcing interlayer rafters as soon as their length increases.
Dans un autre domaine, celui de la réalisation de cloisons modulaires, il est connu de US-A-3 998 023 un panneau double-peau comportant une structure intérieure du type nid d'abeilles dont les alvéoles sont comblés par un matériau isolant du type perlite ou autre. Toutefois, la profondeur des alvéoles est très faible (inférieure à 3 pouces, 75 mm), de même que leur taille ; ceci implique un matériau de remplissage extrêmement fin. De plus de tels panneaux ont une structure complexe destinée à permettre un assemblage par tenons et mortaises eux-mêmes isolés pour éviter la constitution de ponts thermiques. Par ailleurs aucune indication n'est fournie quant au mode de remplissage, or celui-ci pose de nombreux problèmes dès lors que le matériau utilise n'a pas un coefficient de frottement faible et que les alvéoles sont profonds.In another area, that of the realization of modular partitions, it is known from US-A-3 998 023 a double-skin panel having an internal structure of the honeycomb type, the cells of which are filled with an insulating material of the perlite type or the like. However, the depth of the cells is very small (less than 3 inches, 75 mm), as is their size; this implies an extremely fine filling material. In addition, such panels have a complex structure intended to allow assembly by tenons and mortises themselves insulated to avoid the formation of thermal bridges. Furthermore, no indication is given as to the filling method, but this poses many problems as soon as the material used does not have a low coefficient of friction and the cells are deep.
Il est aussi connu de la demande de brevet FR-A-2 066 112 un procédé de remplissage d'une structure alvéolaire consistant à mettre en suspension des fibres minérales dans un courant de fluide que l'on dirige dans des colonnes de collimation parallèles placées dans l'alignement des alvéoles, afin de conférer aux fibres une orientation parallèle auxdites colonnes, on évite ainsi que les fibres viennent draper la partie supérieure des parois des alvéoles.It is also known from patent application FR-A-2 066 112 a method of filling a honeycomb structure consisting in suspending mineral fibers in a stream of fluid which is directed in parallel collimation columns placed in the alignment of the cells, in order to give the fibers an orientation parallel to said columns, this prevents the fibers from draping the upper part of the walls of the cells.
Il est connu de la demande de brevet FR-A-2 550 313 une structure alvéolaire remplie d'une matière d'isolation finement divisée, notamment une matière micro-poreuse, un gel, une poudre, matière tassée dans les alvéoles par vibration. La structure peut être réalisée dans un carton imperméabilisé à l'aide d'une couche continue de colle que l'on fait polymériser.It is known from patent application FR-A-2 550 313 a honeycomb structure filled with a finely divided insulation material, in particular a micro-porous material, a gel, a powder, material packed in the cells by vibration. The structure can be produced in a waterproof cardboard using a continuous layer of glue which is polymerized.
Le brevet US-4 153 084 décrit un mode d'obtention d'un panneau composite rempli de fibres cellulosiques, comprenant une étape de déchiquetage d'une masse compacte de ces fibres, à l'aide de fléaux rotatifs articulés, et le brevet US-4 271 876 décrit un mode d'obtention d'un panneau composite à l'aide du même type de fibres faisant intervenir une étape de balayage des panneaux après remplissage à l'aide de brosses montées sur un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de défilement du panneau, brosses associées à des racloirs afin d'achever le remplissage des alvéoles par le matériau fibreux.US Pat. No. 4,153,084 describes a method of obtaining a composite panel filled with cellulosic fibers, comprising a step of shredding a compact mass of these fibers, using articulated rotary flails, and the US patent. -4,271,876 describes a method of obtaining a composite panel using the same type of fibers involving a step of scanning the panels after filling using brushes mounted on an axis perpendicular to the axis of scrolling of the panel, brushes associated with scrapers to complete the filling of the cells with the fibrous material.
La présente invention a pour but un panneau composite isolant éventuellement de grandes longueurs, résistant au feu et d'un coût de réalisation relativement peu élevé. En outre le panneau composite selon l'invention doit pouvoir être utilisé notamment comme panneau de sous-toitures pour l'isolation des toitures inclinées de bâtiments à usage d'habitation.The object of the present invention is to provide a composite panel possibly insulating over long lengths, fire resistant and of relatively low production cost. In addition, the composite panel according to the invention must be able to be used in particular as a sub-roofing panel for the insulation of inclined roofs of buildings for residential use.
Ce but est atteint selon l'invention par un panneau composite dont la structure intérieure est une structure alvéolaire du type nid d'abeilles garnie de flocons de laine minérale par exemple obtenus par broyage d'un feutre -ou de déchets de production d'un feutre - en laine minérale. Le rapport entre la taille des alvéoles et le diamètre moyen des flocons est voisin de 10 pour 1. De préférence la profondeur des alvéoles est supérieure à 100 mm, la masse volumique d' isolant étant dans ces conditions avantageusement comprise entre 30 et 40 kg/m³. La structure nid d'abeilles est avantageusement réalisée dans un matériau à la fois économique et résistant au feu tel qu'un carton en papier kraft imprégné d'un sel et/ou d'une résine phénolique.This object is achieved according to the invention by a composite panel whose internal structure is a honeycomb type honeycomb structure filled with mineral wool flakes, for example obtained by grinding a felt -or waste from the production of a felt - mineral wool. The ratio between the size of the cells and the average diameter of the flakes is close to 10 to 1. Preferably the depth of the cells is greater than 100 mm, the density of the insulator being advantageously between 30 and 40 kg / m³. The honeycomb structure is advantageously made from a material that is both economical and fire-resistant, such as kraft paper cardboard impregnated with a salt and / or a phenolic resin.
La structure alvéolaire garnie est prise en sandwich entre deux plaques en bois, stratifié ou particules de bois agglomérées, les plaques en aggloméré étant préférées en raison de leur moindre coût. Ces plaques sont de préférence enduites d'une couche continue de colle, par exemple en polyuréthane, qui sert à la fois d'agent d'adhérence pour la structure alvéolaire et de couche barrière imperméable à la vapeur d'eau et à l'eau liquide, ceci afin d'éviter que la vapeur qui se trouve présente dans l'atmosphère relativement plus chaude des combles ne vienne condenser à l'arrière du panneau composite, côté toiture et endommager celle-ci.The filled honeycomb structure is sandwiched between two wooden plates, laminate or agglomerated wood particles, the agglomerated plates being preferred because of their lower cost. These plates are preferably coated with a continuous layer of adhesive, for example polyurethane, which serves both as a bonding agent for the honeycomb structure and as a barrier layer impermeable to water vapor and liquid water, this in order to '' prevent the vapor which is present in the relatively warmer atmosphere of the attic from condensing at the rear of the composite panel, roof side and damaging it.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé d'obtention d'un panneau composite selon l'invention qui comporte essentiellement une phase de broyage d'un feutre en laine minérale et une phase de remplissage de la structure alvéolaire pendant laquelle le panneau défile sous le dispositif d'amenée du matériau de remplissage, le broyage étant obtenu au moyen de fléaux rotatifs et étant poursuivi selon l'invention jusqu'à ce que les flocons ainsi formés tombent au travers d'une grille dont les mailles de passage ont une dimension comprise entre 1/20 et 1 fois la taille des alvéoles et de préférence de l'ordre de 1/10 ; la phase de remplissage comportant un balayage au moyen de jeux de brosses montées légèrement inclinées autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à la direction de défilement du panneau.The invention also relates to a process for obtaining a composite panel according to the invention which essentially comprises a phase of grinding a mineral wool felt and a phase of filling the honeycomb structure during which the panel scrolls under the device for supplying the filling material, the grinding being obtained by means of rotary flails and being continued according to the invention until the flakes thus formed fall through a grid whose passage meshes have a dimension between 1/20 and 1 times the size of the cells and preferably of the order of 1/10; the filling phase comprising a sweep by means of sets of brushes mounted slightly inclined around an axis perpendicular to the direction of travel of the panel.
Comme indiqué plus haut les flocons sont obtenus par broyage d'un feutre en laine minérale. Il peut s'agir d'un feutre continu produit à cet effet ou éventuellement de déchets de production, non continus. Pour celà on fait par exemple passer un feutre en laine minérale, préalablement comprimé entre deux rouleaux, devant des fléaux articulés portés par un arbre en rotation, les flocons produits s'échappant de la chambre de battage par une ouverture fermée par une grille dont les mailles de passage ont une dimension comprise entre 0,05 et 1 fois la taille des alvéoles de la structure nid d'abeilles et de preférence de l'ordre de 0,1. Après cette grille, les flocons sont de préférence utilisés directement pour garnir la structure nid d'abeilles qui est de préférence convoyée à une vitesse par exemple comprise entre 0,20 et 20 mètres par minute. Cette première dépose est complétée par au moins une des mesures suivantes : aspiration, balayage, vibration. Pour une aspiration, la structure alvéolaire doit être disposée sur un fond poreux de préférence constitué par une voile en fibre de verre laissé en place lors du collage des plaques de surface. De préférence toutefois, la structure alvéo5 laire est directement collée sur une plaque de surface convoyée par un vibreur et/ou défilant sous un ou des jeux de brosses en rotation autour d'un ou plusieurs axes perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal des panneaux et légèrement inclinés par rapport à l'axe transversal des panneaux de sorte que les brosses "balayent" transversalement les panneaux et favorisent ainsi le remplissage des alvéoles par les flocons. Si plusieurs jeux de brosses sont utilisés, on fait de préférence en sorte que les poils des jeux en aval pénètrent plus profondément dans les alvéoles que ceux des premiers jeux à venir en contact avec les flocons ; la hauteur de pénétration peut avantageusement être comprise entre 1 et 10 mm. Par ailleurs toutes les pièces en contact avec les flocons, notamment les parois de la chambre de battage, la grille et les poils de la brosse, sont de préférence réalisés en matière plastique, par exemple en plexiglas R pour les pièces rigides, ceci afin d'éviter que la laine de verre broyée par les fléaux ne colle à ces éléments par effet d'attirance des charges électrostatiques.As indicated above, the flakes are obtained by grinding a mineral wool felt. It can be a continuous felt produced for this purpose or possibly non-continuous production waste. For this, we pass for example a mineral wool felt, previously compressed between two rollers, in front of articulated flails carried by a rotating shaft, the flakes produced escaping from the threshing chamber through an opening closed by a grid whose passage meshes have a dimension between 0.05 and 1 times the size of the cells of the honeycomb structure and preferably of the order of 0.1. After this grid, the flakes are preferably used directly to fill the honeycomb structure which is preferably conveyed at a speed for example between 0.20 and 20 meters per minute. This first removal is completed by at least one of the following measures: suction, sweeping, vibration. For a suction, the honeycomb structure must be arranged on a porous bottom preferably constituted by a fiberglass veil left in place during the bonding of the surface plates. Preferably, however, the alveo5 laire structure is directly glued to a surface plate conveyed by a vibrator and / or scrolling under one or more sets brushes rotating around one or more axes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the panels and slightly inclined relative to the transverse axis of the panels so that the brushes "scan" the panels transversely and thus favor the filling of the cells by flakes. If several sets of brushes are used, it is preferably made so that the bristles of the downstream sets penetrate deeper into the cells than those of the first sets to come into contact with the flakes; the penetration height can advantageously be between 1 and 10 mm. Furthermore, all the parts in contact with the flakes, in particular the walls of the threshing chamber, the grid and the bristles of the brush, are preferably made of plastic material, for example Plexiglass R for rigid parts, this in order to '' prevent the glass wool crushed by the plagues from sticking to these elements by the effect of attracting electrostatic charges.
D'autres détails et caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention sont décrits ci-après en référence aux dessins annexés qui représentent :
- figure 1 : un panneau composite selon l'invention
- figure 2 : une vue schématique d'une ligne de production d'un panneau composite selon la revendication 1.
- Figure 1 : a composite panel according to the invention
- Figure 2 : a schematic view of a production line of a composite panel according to claim 1.
Un panneau composite selon l'invention et tel que celui schématisé à la figure 1 doit de préférence pouvoir présenter une longueur L correspondant aux dimensions des pans inclinés d'une toiture en pente, et ne pas nécessiter de trop nombreux points de fixation lors de sa mise en place. De telles qualités supposent donc une portée de 5 à 6 mètres ou plus qui ne peut être obtenue avec un simple panneau en laine minérale comprimée liée par une résine formo-phénolique par exemple. Il n'est pas non plus souhaitable de renforcer les panneaux par des intercalaires du type chevron car outre le coût propre de ceux-ci, leur mise en place peut nécessiter par exemple une opération de rainurage économiquement peu réalisable. La solution selon l'invention consiste dans l'utilisation d'une structure entretoise du type nid d'abeilles dont on sait qu'elle permet une résistance mécanique particulièrement élevée. Avantageusement il peut être utilisé une structure préfabriquée relativement bon marché par exemple réalisée dans un carton ayant subi un traitement chimique pour améliorer sa résistance au feu par une imprégnation par une résine phénolique et/ou une solution saline appropriée. Cette structure entretoise 3 est collée entre deux plaques de bois, contreplaqués, panneaux de particules agglomérés, l'une au moins de ces deux plaques pouvant être remplcée éventuellement par une plaque de plâtre, fibro-ciment ou équivalent. La hauteur de cette structure est de préférence supérieure à 100 mm et de préférence encore à 130 mm ceci afin d'offrir un volume de remplissage suffisant pour une isolation de qualité. La taille des alvéoles est de préférence comprise entre 20 et 50 mm et est avantageusement de l'ordre de 40 mm.A composite panel according to the invention and such as that shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 should preferably be able to have a length L corresponding to the dimensions of the inclined sections of a sloping roof, and not require too many fixing points during its implementation. Such qualities therefore assume a range of 5 to 6 meters or more which cannot be obtained with a simple panel of compressed mineral wool bound by a formo-phenolic resin for example. It is also not desirable to reinforce the panels with spacers of the chevron type because, in addition to the inherent cost thereof, their installation may require, for example, an economically impractical grooving operation. The solution according to the invention consists in the use of a spacer structure of the honeycomb type which we know to be allows a particularly high mechanical resistance. Advantageously, a relatively inexpensive prefabricated structure can be used, for example made of a cardboard having undergone chemical treatment to improve its fire resistance by impregnation with a phenolic resin and / or an appropriate saline solution. This
Le matériau isolant de remplissage des alvéoles est de préférence constitué par des flocons dont le diamètre moyen est voisin de 1/10 fois la taille des alvéoles. Pour des flocons entre laine de verre un rapport de 1 pour 10 est un bon compromis qui permet de satisfaire à la fois les exigences au niveau de l'isolation - ce qui suppose des flocons "légers" emprisonnant une bonne quantité d'air et les exigences relatives au remplissage de façon à bien faire pénétrer les flocons dans les alvéoles.The insulating material for filling the cells is preferably constituted by flakes whose average diameter is close to 1/10 times the size of the cells. For flakes between glass wool a ratio of 1 to 10 is a good compromise which makes it possible to satisfy both the requirements in terms of insulation - which supposes "light" flakes trapping a good amount of air and the filling requirements so that the flakes penetrate well into the cells.
Avantageusement ces flocons sont obtenus par broyage d'un feutre en laine de verre contenant éventuellement une résine. On peut utiliser par exemple les rebuts de fabrication des installations de production de feutres d'isolation dont le densité est comprise entre 90 et 100 kg/m³ ou encore des feutres préparés spécialement en vue de l'invention. La technique de broyage utilisée est apparentée à la technique plus couramment exploitée pour la production de laine dite soufflée, mais en interposant une grille entre la chambre de broyage et la sortie de manière à ne laisser passer que des flocons plus petits qu'une taille donnée.Advantageously, these flakes are obtained by grinding a glass wool felt possibly containing a resin. It is possible, for example, to use the production scrap from installations for producing insulation felts whose density is between 90 and 100 kg / m³ or even felts specially prepared for the invention. The milling technique used is related to the technique more commonly used for the production of blown wool, but by interposing a grid between the milling chamber and the outlet so as to allow only flakes smaller than a given size to pass through. .
Les mailles de la grilles ont de préférence une longueur comprise entre 1/20 et 1 fois la taille des alvéoles et avantageusement les mailles de la grille ont une longueur comprise entre 1/10 à 1/3 de la taille des alvéoles.The grid meshes preferably have a length of between 1/20 and 1 times the size of the cells and advantageously the meshes of the grid have a length of between 1/10 to 1/3 of the size of the cells.
Un exemple de réalisation va être maintenant décrit en référence à la figure 2. L'installation ici schématisée comporte de bas en haut un ensemble de chargement 4, un ensemble de broyage 5 et un ensemble de remplissage 6. L'ensemble de chargement 4 est essentiellement constitué par un tapis d'amenée 7 de feutre, un rouleau de guidage 8 et deux rouleaux de compression 9 et 10 qui compriment le feutre et le forcent à pénétrer dans l'ensemble de broyage 5 dont les parois par exemple en verre ou matière plastique ne sont pas ici figurées. Les moyens de broyage sont constitués par des fléaux articulés 11 montés en rotation autour d'un arbre 12. Les flocons alors formés doivent traverser une grille 13 dont la maille est de 10 mm dans le cas d'exemple puis arrivent au niveau inférieur ou niveau de remplissage 6. Ce niveau de remplissage 6 comporte un convoyeur 14 sur lequel cheminent des panneaux 15 constitués par une plaque 16 par exemple en aggloméré et une structure nid d'abeilles 17 dont les alvéoles ont par exemple 130 mm de hauteur et 40 mm de large. La structure, en carton ignifugé, est collée sur la plaque 16 qui est de ce fait rendue imperméable à la vapeur d'eau.An exemplary embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 2. The installation shown here schematically comprises from the bottom up a
En tombant, les flocons forment une couche plus ou moins régulière au-dessus de la structure nid d'abeilles mais seuls quelques uns tombent de suite au fond des alvéoles. Cette opération de remplissage proprement dite est réalisée au moyen de jeux de brosses 18, 19 en forme de disques. Chaque jeu comporte ici des brosses d'axes perpendiculaires à la direction d'avancement du convoyeur 14, mais dont le plan est incliné de sorte que leurs poils balayent une certaine largeur. Ces poils sont de préférence des poils souples en matière plastique du type nylon.When falling, the flakes form a more or less regular layer above the honeycomb structure, but only a few fall immediately to the bottom of the cells. This actual filling operation is carried out by means of sets of
De préférence les brosses du jeu 19, positionné plus en aval de la ligne, sont telles que leurs poils pénètrent dans la structure alvéolaire un peu plus profondément que ceux des brosses du jeu 18. Les profondeurs respectives de pénétration peuvent être par exemple de 1 et 10 mm. Eventuellement un ou deux jeux supplémentaires peuvent être utilisés. Dans ces conditions, les alvéoles peuvent être entièrement remplis avec une densité de matériau isolant comprise par exemple entre 30 et 40 kg/m³.Preferably the brushes of the
Après cette opération remplissage, une autre plaque est collée au dessus de la structure nid d'abeilles pour emprisonner définitivement les flocons en laine minérale.After this filling operation, another plate is glued to the top of the honeycomb structure to permanently trap the mineral wool flakes.
La résistance au feu de panneaux composite selon l'invention a été vérifiée de la manière suivante : on réalise une maquette ayant pour dimensions 4300 mm x 1600 mm en aboutant deux panneaux composites selon l'invention de 4300 mm x 800 mm, le joint central étant constitué par une matière plastique souple auto adhésive. La maquette est exposée à un feu et l'on mesure sa résistance au feu en utilisant comme critère la perte de l'étanchéité aux flammes et la perte du degré coupe feu. On obtient finalement une résistance au feu de 45 minutes, soit une durée plus que satisfaisante. Par ailleurs les panneaux composites selon l'invention assurent une isolation phonique et acoustique de qualité.The fire resistance of composite panels according to the invention has been verified as follows: a model is made having the dimensions 4300 mm x 1600 mm by abutting two composite panels according to the invention of 4300 mm x 800 mm, the central joint being constituted by a flexible self-adhesive plastic material. The model is exposed to a fire and its fire resistance is measured using the loss of flame resistance and the loss of fire resistance as a criterion. We finally obtain a fire resistance of 45 minutes, a more than satisfactory duration. Furthermore, the composite panels according to the invention provide sound and sound insulation of quality.
Claims (11)
- Composite roof insulating panel for dwellings, consisting of two sheets (1, 2) and a interior cellular structure of the honeycomb type (3, 17), characterised in that the cells are filled with mineral wool flakes, the ratio between the size of the cells and the average diameter of the flakes being approximately 10/1.
- Composite insulating panel according to Claim 1, characterised in that the depth of the cells is greater than 100 mm.
- Composite insulating panel according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lateral dimension of the cells is between 20 and 50 mm, and is preferably of the order of 40 mm.
- Composite insulating panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the density of the insulating filler material is less than 40 kg/m³ and preferably less than 30 kg/m³.
- Composite insulating panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the honeycomb structure (3, 17) is made of a fire-resistant cardboard.
- Composite insulating panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the plates (1, 2) are covered with a continuous layer of adhesive, forming, after polymerisation, a layer that is impervious to water vapour and to water in the liquid state.
- Method of producing a composite panel according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, comprising a stage of grinding a mineral wool felt and a stage of filling the cellular structure (3, 17) during which stage the panel (15) passes under the device supplying the filler material, characterised in that grinding is performed by means of articulated rotating flail devices (11), and is continued until the flakes thus formed fall through a grille (13), the meshes of which have a size of between 1/20 and 1 times the size of the cells of the honeycomb structure (3), and preferably of the order of 1/10; and in that the filling stage comprises a sweeping process by means of sets of brushes (18, 19) mounted so as to be slightly inclined about an axis perpendicular to the direction of travel of the panel.
- Method of producing a composite panel according to Claim 7, characterised in that the depth to which the bristles of the brushes (18, 19) penetrate the cellular structure (3, 17) is between 1 and 10 mm.
- Method of producing a composite panel according to Claim 7 or Claim 8, characterised in that a plurality of sets of brushes (18, 19) are used, the bristles of the downstream sets of brushes penetrating more deeply into the cellular structure (3, 17) than those of the first set in order to come into contact with the mineral wool flakes.
- Method of producing a composite panel according to any one of Claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the filling stage comprises a suction of the flakes.
- Method of producing a composite panel according to any one of Claim 7 to 10, characterised in that the filling stage comprises a passage over a vibrating belt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90402655T ATE97975T1 (en) | 1989-09-27 | 1990-09-27 | COMPOSITE INSULATION PANEL BASED ON MINERAL WOOL AND PROCESS OF PRODUCTION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8912631 | 1989-09-27 | ||
| FR8912631A FR2652369B1 (en) | 1989-09-27 | 1989-09-27 | COMPOSITE INSULATION PANEL BASED ON MINERAL WOOL AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING THE SAME. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0420750A1 EP0420750A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
| EP0420750B1 true EP0420750B1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
Family
ID=9385856
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90402655A Expired - Lifetime EP0420750B1 (en) | 1989-09-27 | 1990-09-27 | Composed insulating panel using mineral wool and method of obtaining the same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0420750B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE97975T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69004916T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0420750T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2652369B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1336713A2 (en) | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-20 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Fire protection means |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105015047B (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2017-01-25 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Preparation method for resin honeycomb sandwich structure and composite material structure thereof |
| EP3037248B1 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2018-05-09 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik AG & Co KG | Method for producing a sandwich component |
| CN107825788A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-23 | 江苏标榜装饰新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of sound-absorbing honeycomb plate |
| CN110005121A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 嘉兴市三一阳光家居科技有限公司 | A kind of innovative panellised wall with fireproof alarming function |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1331266A (en) * | 1969-10-17 | 1973-09-26 | Hexcel Corp | Cells of structural honeycomb with fibrous material |
| DE2659551A1 (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1978-07-06 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Shock-absorber and noise-insulator laminated with plastics foam - which assumes honeycomb structure by regular incisions being pulled apart |
| US4153084A (en) * | 1977-07-21 | 1979-05-08 | Payne Joe J | Machine for use in fabricating panels filled with pulverized insulation material |
| US4271876A (en) * | 1979-04-05 | 1981-06-09 | Nash Henry R | Method and apparatus for filling honeycomb panels with fiber insulation |
| DE3273616D1 (en) * | 1981-06-26 | 1986-11-13 | Quinton & Kaines Holdings | Composite boards and panels |
| SE8403888L (en) * | 1983-08-04 | 1985-02-05 | Micropore International Ltd | PRE-INSULATING BODY AND SET TO MAKE THIS |
| FR2592670A1 (en) * | 1986-01-08 | 1987-07-10 | Nord France Entreprise | Composite unit for acoustic and thermal insulation |
| DE3776230D1 (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1992-03-05 | Ciba Geigy Ag | SILICATE-TREATED HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE. |
| DE3720371A1 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-01-05 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Lightweight composite panel and process for the production thereof |
-
1989
- 1989-09-27 FR FR8912631A patent/FR2652369B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-09-27 DK DK90402655.6T patent/DK0420750T3/en active
- 1990-09-27 DE DE69004916T patent/DE69004916T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-27 EP EP90402655A patent/EP0420750B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-27 AT AT90402655T patent/ATE97975T1/en active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1336713A2 (en) | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-20 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Fire protection means |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2652369B1 (en) | 1995-04-14 |
| DE69004916T2 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| ATE97975T1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| DE69004916D1 (en) | 1994-01-13 |
| FR2652369A1 (en) | 1991-03-29 |
| DK0420750T3 (en) | 1994-03-28 |
| EP0420750A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
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