EP0419810B1 - Power unit - Google Patents

Power unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0419810B1
EP0419810B1 EP90114822A EP90114822A EP0419810B1 EP 0419810 B1 EP0419810 B1 EP 0419810B1 EP 90114822 A EP90114822 A EP 90114822A EP 90114822 A EP90114822 A EP 90114822A EP 0419810 B1 EP0419810 B1 EP 0419810B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
volume
cylinder
piston
hydraulic
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EP90114822A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0419810A1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Lindner
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Lukas Hydraulik GmbH
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FAG Kugelfischer Georg Schaefer KGaA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/18—Combined units comprising both motor and pump

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic unit for driving a tool according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the unit cannot be operated in any position, but only as long as the hydraulic fluid covers the suction opening of the pump, i.e.: especially with the often rough use of the emergency services, it cannot be ruled out that valuable Time is lost due to the fact that a suitable installation location of the unit must be found to ensure that the pump does not draw in air.
  • DE-A-36 03 109 discloses a hydraulic hand pump for actuating cable shoe presses and other hydraulic tools.
  • the working cylinder and the hydraulic pump are arranged coaxially in a common housing.
  • the working cylinder has a high-pressure chamber and the hand pump consists of a low-pressure cylinder in which a low-pressure piston is slidably arranged.
  • a high-pressure piston is arranged in a concentric bore of the low-pressure piston and forms the boundary of a high-pressure cylinder located in the low-pressure piston.
  • a pressure medium reservoir is arranged on the housing, which is delimited by a flexible membrane and is connected to the low-pressure chamber of the hand pump via valves. This reservoir contains the complete volume of hydraulic fluid required to operate the hydraulic tool.
  • the membrane arranged in the storage container ensures that the suction connection of the pump is surrounded by hydraulic fluid in every position of the unit, so that the suction of air is excluded. Since the entire working volume must be accommodated in the storage tank, the space requirement is also high for this pump. If, as is necessary with rescue equipment, high forces are used and large strokes of the cylinder are necessary, the unit known from DE-A-36 03 109 builds too long, so that its handling is tedious for the operator.
  • a hydraulic work unit which with a double-acting hydraulic cylinder designed as a differential cylinder; a container with a diaphragm delimiting a compensation space; a pump and a switching valve is provided.
  • the differential cylinder and the compensation chamber are on two Arranged on different axes, so that relatively large dimensions result, and separate pipeline arrangements are also necessary, as a result of which a large number of sealing and connecting points are created, which naturally have the disadvantages of industrial manufacturing tolerances.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a hydraulic unit for driving a tool which has a compact design, with which high forces can be generated and in which a safe suction of the pump is ensured in any position.
  • the differential cylinder 1 and the pump 2 are accommodated in a common cylinder housing 15.
  • the piston 10 In the interior of the differential cylinder 1, the piston 10 is slidably mounted with the piston rod 11 attached to it and guided out of the cylinder housing 15.
  • the piston 10 has a circumferential groove 19, in which a sealing ring 24 is inserted, so that two different, variable pressure spaces 1a, 1b are set on both sides of the piston 10, depending on its current position in the cylinder housing 15.
  • the pressurizable pressure chamber 1a is delimited by the piston foot 10a and the cylinder base, the pressure chamber 1b, which can also be pressurized, is formed by the piston head 10b and the partition 16 effective in the differential cylinder 1.
  • the partition 16 is arranged at a distance from the cylinder cover 9 and forms with it a closed space within the differential cylinder 1. Between the partition 16 and the cylinder cover 9, a membrane 18 is arranged such that through the membrane 18 and the partition 16 a variable compensation space 1c is created.
  • Each of the pressure chambers 1a, 1b is operatively connected to the pump 2 via a hydraulic line 6 or 7.
  • a line 8 provided in the cylinder housing 15 opens into the compensation chamber 1c.
  • the commercially available membrane 18 is arranged in the differential cylinder 1 so that it is relaxed in its Position ( Figure 1) to close to the partition 16 and the mouth of the line 8 separates from an existing in the cylinder cover 9 designated 17 atmospheric connection.
  • the membrane 18 must be arranged so that the volume of the compensation space 1c formed between it and the partition 16 in the loaded state of the membrane 18 increases at least the volume of the piston rod 11 completely retracted into the differential cylinder 1 by the compression volume of the hydraulic fluid (at maximum force) and the stroke volume (the delivery rate) of pump 2.
  • the partition 16 or the compensation chamber 1c can be formed in the differential cylinder 1 in a very simple and effective manner by a plug which can be screwed into the cylinder bore.
  • the plug is provided at its end facing the piston crown 10b with a radial sealing ring 13, which ensures that no hydraulic fluid can escape into the compensation chamber 1c from the pressure chamber 1b.
  • the pump 2 is a conventional piston pump with a smaller stroke volume than that of the differential cylinder 1.
  • the pump piston 22 is slidably mounted via a sealing ring 29 in a known manner.
  • the pump piston rod 23 attached to the pump piston 22 has at its end facing away from the pump piston 22 an articulated pump lever 30, which slides on a bolt 32 fixed to the housing via an elongated hole 31 arranged approximately in the middle of its longitudinal extent is.
  • the choice of the size of the pump 2 depends on the maximum number of pump strokes with which the differential cylinder 1 should be able to be moved from the retracted to the extended position.
  • the hydraulic line 6 and the hydraulic line 7 lead from the differential cylinder 1 to the changeover valve 3 designed as a 4/2-way valve and from the changeover valve 3 the pressure line 6 'and suction line 7' via the check valves 4 and 5 integrated therein to the pump 2.
  • the check valves 4, 5 are arranged such that the fluid flow to the pump 2 can only flow via the suction line 7 'and away from the pump 2 only via the pressure line 6'. Between the check valve 4 and the changeover valve 3, the further line 8 branches off from the suction line 7 ′ and, as already mentioned, opens into the equalization chamber 1c.
  • FIG. 1 shows the differential cylinder 1 in the basic position, the piston 10 not yet having traveled any distance in this illustration, that is to say it is still in the rest position.
  • the changeover valve 3 is switched so that hydraulic fluid can get from the pump 2 via the check valve 5 or the pressure line 6 'into the hydraulic line 6 and from there into the pressure chamber 1a of the differential cylinder 1.
  • the hydraulic fluid located in the cylinder chamber 21 of the pump 2 is conducted into the pressure chamber 1a of the differential cylinder 1 with each compression stroke (direction k), so that the piston 10 moves to the right in the drawing emotional.
  • the volume displaced by the piston 10 flows from the pressure chamber 1b via the hydraulic line 7, suction line 7 'and, since the check valve 4 is blocked by the pressure build-up in the pressure chamber 21 of the pump 2, via the line 8 into the compensation chamber 1c.
  • the diaphragm 18 assumes the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 1, the volume then enclosed by the diaphragm 18 and the partition wall 16 being the pump volume of the pump 2 plus the displacement volume of the part of the piston rod 11 which is in the Pressure chamber 1a is immersed, minus the compression volume of the hydraulic fluid.
  • the compression volume of the hydraulic fluid since it is also required in the pressure chamber 1a to build up pressure, can only be obtained again from the compensation chamber 1c. Since the diaphragm 18, on the other hand, is operatively connected to the atmosphere via the connection 17, only the pressure force exerted on the hydraulic fluid by the tensioning force of the diaphragm acts in the hydraulic line 7, suction line 7 '.
  • a compression spring 14 which is supported on the cylinder cover 9 on the one hand and on the side of the diaphragm 18 facing away from the compensation space 1c on the other hand, can additionally be provided (FIG. 4).
  • the check valve 4 opens, so that the volume in the compensation chamber 1c flows back via the lines 8, suction line 7 'into the pressure chamber 21 of the pump 2.
  • the spring-loaded check valve 5 blocks the pressure line 6 ', so that the piston 10 maintains its position. This process is repeated until the piston 10 reaches its end position shown in FIG. 2 has taken.
  • the spreading arms 27 and 28 are then fully open.
  • the membrane 18 also ensures that the mouth of the line 8, which is decisive for the reliable suction, in the compensation chamber 1c is surrounded by hydraulic fluid in every position of the differential cylinder 1, and thus the pump 2 can always prime.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Hand Tools For Fitting Together And Separating, Or Other Hand Tools (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Shearing Machines (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hydraulikaggregat zum Antreiben eines Werkzeugs nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a hydraulic unit for driving a tool according to the preamble of claim 1.

Im Zusammenwirken mit Werkzeugen, wie sie in der Rettungstechnik verwendet werden, ist es notwendig auf kleinstem Bauraum ein funktionsfähiges Gesamtaggregat bestehend aus Hydraulikzylinder, Pumpe, Ventilen, Schneid/Spreiz-Werkzeug zur Verfügung zu stellen und mit diesem Aggregat eine maximale Kraft zu erzielen. Für den mobilen Einsatz werden die Zylinder über eine Handpumpe betrieben. Da das Hubvolumen der Pumpe wesentlich kleiner ist als das Wirkvolumen des Zylinders, muß zum Betreiben aus einem zwischengeschalteten Tank Hydraulikflüssigkeit gefördert werden. Solche Aggregate werden von der Anmelderin unter der Bezeichnung Lukas LKS 35 vertrieben.In cooperation with tools, such as those used in rescue technology, it is necessary to provide a functional overall unit consisting of hydraulic cylinder, pump, valves, cutting / spreading tool in the smallest space and to achieve maximum force with this unit. For mobile use, the cylinders are operated via a hand pump. Since the stroke volume of the pump is significantly smaller than the effective volume of the cylinder, hydraulic fluid must be pumped from an intermediate tank for operation. Such units are sold by the applicant under the name Lukas LKS 35.

Neben dem hohen Raumbedarf getrennt betriebener Geräte ist es nachteilig, daß das Aggregat nicht in jeder beliebigen Lage betreibbar ist, sondern nur solange wie die Hydraulikflüssigkeit die Ansaugöffnung der Pumpe überdeckt, d. h.: gerade bei dem oft rauhen Einsatz der Rettungsdienste ist nicht auszuschließen, daß wertvolle Zeit dadurch verloren geht, daß ein für den Betrieb geeigneter Aufstellungsort des Aggregats gefunden werden muß, um sicherzustellen, daß die Pumpe keine Luft ansaugt.In addition to the high space requirement of separately operated devices, it is disadvantageous that the unit cannot be operated in any position, but only as long as the hydraulic fluid covers the suction opening of the pump, i.e.: especially with the often rough use of the emergency services, it cannot be ruled out that valuable Time is lost due to the fact that a suitable installation location of the unit must be found to ensure that the pump does not draw in air.

Die DE-A-36 03 109 offenbart eine hydraulische Handpumpe zum Betätigen von Kabelschuhpressen und anderen hydraulischen Werkzeugen. Hierbei sind der Arbeitszylinder und die Hydraulikpumpe koaxial in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet. Der Arbeitszylinder weist einen Hochdruckraum auf und die Handpumpe besteht aus einem Niederdruckzylinder, in dem ein Niederdruckkolben verschiebbar angeordnet ist. In einer konzentrischen Bohrung des Niederdruckkolbens ist ein Hochdruckkolben angeordnet, der die Begrenzung eines im Niederdruckkolben befindlichen Hochdruckzylinders bildet. Vor der Pumpe ist am Gehäuse ein Druckmittelvorratsbehälter angeordnet, der von einer flexiblen Membran begrenzt wird und über Ventile mit dem Niederdruckraum der Handpumpe in Verbindung steht. Dieser Vorratsbehälter enthält das vollständige zum Betreiben des hydraulikwerkzeugs .benötigte Volumen an Hydraulikflüssigkeit. Die im Vorratsbehälter angeordnete Membran sorgt dafür, daß der Sauganschluß der Pumpe in jeder Lage des Aggregats von Hydraulikflüssigkeit umgeben ist, so daß das Ansaugen von Luft ausgeschlossen wird. Da das vollständige Arbeitsvolumen in dem Vorratstank untergebracht sein muß, ist auch bei dieser Pumpe der Raumbedarf hoch. Wenn, wie bei Rettungsgeräten notwendig, hohe Kräfte zum Einsatz kommen und große Hübe des Zylinders notwendig sind, baut das aus der DE-A-36 03 109 bekannte Aggregat zu lang, so daß sein Handhabung für den Bediener mühsam ist.DE-A-36 03 109 discloses a hydraulic hand pump for actuating cable shoe presses and other hydraulic tools. Here, the working cylinder and the hydraulic pump are arranged coaxially in a common housing. The working cylinder has a high-pressure chamber and the hand pump consists of a low-pressure cylinder in which a low-pressure piston is slidably arranged. A high-pressure piston is arranged in a concentric bore of the low-pressure piston and forms the boundary of a high-pressure cylinder located in the low-pressure piston. In front of the pump, a pressure medium reservoir is arranged on the housing, which is delimited by a flexible membrane and is connected to the low-pressure chamber of the hand pump via valves. This reservoir contains the complete volume of hydraulic fluid required to operate the hydraulic tool. The membrane arranged in the storage container ensures that the suction connection of the pump is surrounded by hydraulic fluid in every position of the unit, so that the suction of air is excluded. Since the entire working volume must be accommodated in the storage tank, the space requirement is also high for this pump. If, as is necessary with rescue equipment, high forces are used and large strokes of the cylinder are necessary, the unit known from DE-A-36 03 109 builds too long, so that its handling is tedious for the operator.

Aus der DE-A-23 30 249 ist eine hydraulische Arbeitseinheit entnehmbar, die mit einem doppeltwirkenden, als Differentialzylinder ausgebildeten Hydraulikzylinder; einem Behälter mit einer einen Ausgleichsraum begrenzenden Membran; einer Pumpe und einem Umschaltventil versehen ist. Bei dieser Arbeitseinheit sind der Differentialzylinder und der Ausgleichsraum auf zwei verschiedenen Achsen angeordnet, so daß sich relative große Abmessungen ergeben, ebenso sind getrennte Rohrleitungsanordnungen notwendig, wodurch eine große Zahl Dicht- und Verbindungsstellen entstehen, die naturgemäß mit den Nachteilen industrieller Fertigungstoleranzen behaftet sind.From DE-A-23 30 249 a hydraulic work unit can be seen, which with a double-acting hydraulic cylinder designed as a differential cylinder; a container with a diaphragm delimiting a compensation space; a pump and a switching valve is provided. In this unit of work, the differential cylinder and the compensation chamber are on two Arranged on different axes, so that relatively large dimensions result, and separate pipeline arrangements are also necessary, as a result of which a large number of sealing and connecting points are created, which naturally have the disadvantages of industrial manufacturing tolerances.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Hydraulikaggregat zum Antreiben eines Werkzeugs zu schaffen, das eine kompakte Bauform besitzt, mit dem hohe Kräfte erzeugt werden können und bei dem ein sicheres Ansaugen der Pumpe in jeder Lage gewährleistet ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a hydraulic unit for driving a tool which has a compact design, with which high forces can be generated and in which a safe suction of the pump is ensured in any position.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Ansprüche 2 bis 4.The problem is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements result from claims 2 to 4.

Mit Hilfe einer Zeichnung soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail with the aid of a drawing.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1
die schematische Darstellung eines Hydraulikaggregates in Grundstellung des Differentialzylinders
Figur 2
die Darstellung nach Figur 1 mit vollständig belasteten Differentialzylinder
Figur 3
die Darstellung nach Figur 1 zu Beginn der Entlastungsphase
Figur 4
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des Differentialzylinders in Teildarstellung.
It shows:
Figure 1
the schematic representation of a hydraulic unit in the basic position of the differential cylinder
Figure 2
the representation of Figure 1 with a fully loaded differential cylinder
Figure 3
the representation of Figure 1 at the beginning of the relief phase
Figure 4
another embodiment of the differential cylinder in partial representation.

Der Differentialzylinder 1 und die Pumpe 2 sind in einem gemeinsamen Zylindergehäuse 15 untergebracht.The differential cylinder 1 and the pump 2 are accommodated in a common cylinder housing 15.

Zur Funktionsfähigkeit des Gesamt-Hydraulikaggregats ist beim Befüllen Voraussetzung, daß beide Kolben 10, 22 die ausgefahrene Stellung einnehmen und in den Ausgleichsraum 1c eine zusätzliche, dem Kompressionsvolumen der Hydraulikflüssigkeit entsprechende Menge Hydraulikflüssigkeit eingefüllt wird.For the full hydraulic unit to function, it is a prerequisite when filling that both pistons 10, 22 assume the extended position and an additional amount of hydraulic fluid corresponding to the compression volume of the hydraulic fluid is filled into the compensation space 1c.

Im Inneren des Differentialzylinders 1 ist der Kolben 10 mit daran befestigter aus dem Zylindergehäuse 15 herausgeführter Kolbenstange 11 gleitend gelagert. Der Kolben 10 weist eine umlaufende Nut 19 auf, in die ein Dichtring 24 eingelegt ist, so daß sich beidseitig des Kolbens 10 je nach dessen momentaner Lage im Zylindergehäuse 15 zwei unterschiedliche, variable Druckräume 1a, 1b einstellen.In the interior of the differential cylinder 1, the piston 10 is slidably mounted with the piston rod 11 attached to it and guided out of the cylinder housing 15. The piston 10 has a circumferential groove 19, in which a sealing ring 24 is inserted, so that two different, variable pressure spaces 1a, 1b are set on both sides of the piston 10, depending on its current position in the cylinder housing 15.

Der mit Druck beaufschlagbare Druckraum 1a wird begrenzt durch den Kolbenfuß 10a und den Zylinderboden, der ebenfalls mit Druck beaufschlagbare Druckraum 1b wird durch den Kolbenboden 10b und die im Differentialzylinder 1 wirksame Trennwand 16 gebildet. Die Trennwand 16 ist in Abstand zum Zylinderdeckel 9 angeordnet und bildet mit diesem einen abgeschlossenen Raum innerhalb des Differentialzylinders 1. Zwischen der Trennwand 16 und dem Zylinderdeckel 9 ist eine Membran 18 angeordnet, derart, daß durch die Membran 18 und die Trennwand 16 ein variabler Ausgleichsraum 1c geschaffen wird. Jeder der Druckräume 1a, 1b steht über einen Hydraulikstrang 6 bzw. 7 mit der Pumpe 2 in Wirkverbindung. In den Ausgleichsraum 1c mündet eine im Zylindergehäuse 15 vorgesehene Leitung 8.The pressurizable pressure chamber 1a is delimited by the piston foot 10a and the cylinder base, the pressure chamber 1b, which can also be pressurized, is formed by the piston head 10b and the partition 16 effective in the differential cylinder 1. The partition 16 is arranged at a distance from the cylinder cover 9 and forms with it a closed space within the differential cylinder 1. Between the partition 16 and the cylinder cover 9, a membrane 18 is arranged such that through the membrane 18 and the partition 16 a variable compensation space 1c is created. Each of the pressure chambers 1a, 1b is operatively connected to the pump 2 via a hydraulic line 6 or 7. A line 8 provided in the cylinder housing 15 opens into the compensation chamber 1c.

Die handelsübliche Membran 18 ist so im Differentialzylinder 1 angeordnet, daß sie in ihrer entspannten Lage (Figur 1) bis dicht an die Trennwand 16 heranreicht und die Mündung der Leitung 8 von einer im Zylinderdeckel 9 vorhandenen mit 17 bezeichneten atmosphärischen Verbindung abtrennt. Dabei muß die Membran 18 so angeordnet sein, daß das Volumen, des sich zwischen ihr und der Trennwand 16 ausbildenden Ausgleichsraumes 1c im belasteten Zustand der Membran 18 mindestens dem Volumen der vollständig in den Differentialzylinder 1 eingefahrenen Kolbenstange 11 erhöht um das Kompressionsvolumen der Hydraulikflüssigkeit (bei maximaler Krafteinleitung) und dem Hubvolumen (der Fördermenge) der Pumpe 2 ist.The commercially available membrane 18 is arranged in the differential cylinder 1 so that it is relaxed in its Position (Figure 1) to close to the partition 16 and the mouth of the line 8 separates from an existing in the cylinder cover 9 designated 17 atmospheric connection. The membrane 18 must be arranged so that the volume of the compensation space 1c formed between it and the partition 16 in the loaded state of the membrane 18 increases at least the volume of the piston rod 11 completely retracted into the differential cylinder 1 by the compression volume of the hydraulic fluid (at maximum force) and the stroke volume (the delivery rate) of pump 2.

Die Trennwand 16 bzw. der Ausgleichsraum 1c können im Differentialzylinder 1 auf recht einfache und wirkungsvolle Weise durch einen, in die Zylinderbohrung einschraubbaren Stopfen gebildet werden. Der Stopfen ist an seinem dem Kolbenboden 10b zugewandten Ende mit einem Radialdichtring 13 versehen, wodurch gewährleistet ist, daß aus dem Druckraum 1b keine Hydraulikflüssigkeit in den Ausgleichsraum 1c entweichen kann.The partition 16 or the compensation chamber 1c can be formed in the differential cylinder 1 in a very simple and effective manner by a plug which can be screwed into the cylinder bore. The plug is provided at its end facing the piston crown 10b with a radial sealing ring 13, which ensures that no hydraulic fluid can escape into the compensation chamber 1c from the pressure chamber 1b.

An dem Ende der Kolbenstange 11, die dem Kolben 10 abgewandt ist, ist der nur teilweise dargestellte Spreizer über zwei Lenker 25, 26 so befestigt, daß die Spreizarme 27 und 28 beim Einfahren der Kolbenstange 11 in den Differentialzylinder 1 geöffnet werden. Bei der Pumpe 2 handelt es sich um eine übliche Kolbenpumpe, mit einem geringeren Hubvolumen als dem des Differentialzylinders 1. Im Zylinderraum 21 der Pumpe 2 ist bekannter Weise der Pumpkolben 22 über einen Dichtring 29 gleitend gelagert. Die am Pumpkolben 22 befestigte Pumpkolbenstange 23 weist an ihrem dem Pumpkolben 22 abgewandten Ende einen gelenkig angeordneten Pumphebel 30 auf, der über ein etwa auf der Mitte seiner Längserstreckung angeordnetes Langloch 31 auf einem gehäusefesten Bolzen 32 gleitend geführt ist. Die Wahl der Größe der Pumpe 2 ist abhängig davon, mit wieviel Pumphüben maximal der Differentialzylinder 1 von der eingefahrenen in die ausgefahrene Stellung verbringbar sein soll.At the end of the piston rod 11, which faces away from the piston 10, the spreader, which is only partially shown, is fastened via two links 25, 26 in such a way that the spreading arms 27 and 28 are opened when the piston rod 11 is moved into the differential cylinder 1. The pump 2 is a conventional piston pump with a smaller stroke volume than that of the differential cylinder 1. In the cylinder chamber 21 of the pump 2, the pump piston 22 is slidably mounted via a sealing ring 29 in a known manner. The pump piston rod 23 attached to the pump piston 22 has at its end facing away from the pump piston 22 an articulated pump lever 30, which slides on a bolt 32 fixed to the housing via an elongated hole 31 arranged approximately in the middle of its longitudinal extent is. The choice of the size of the pump 2 depends on the maximum number of pump strokes with which the differential cylinder 1 should be able to be moved from the retracted to the extended position.

Vom Differentialzylinder 1 führen der Hydraulikstrang 6 und der Hydraulikstrang 7 an das als 4/2-Wegeventil ausgebildete Umschaltventil 3 und vom Umschaltventil 3 die Druckleitung 6' und Saugleitung 7' über die hierin integrierten Rückschlagventile 4 und 5 an die Pumpe 2.The hydraulic line 6 and the hydraulic line 7 lead from the differential cylinder 1 to the changeover valve 3 designed as a 4/2-way valve and from the changeover valve 3 the pressure line 6 'and suction line 7' via the check valves 4 and 5 integrated therein to the pump 2.

Die Rückschlagventile 4, 5 sind dabei so angeordnet, daß der Fluidstrom zur Pumpe 2 hin nur über die Saugleitung 7' und von der Pumpe 2 weg nur über die Druckleitung 6' fließen kann. Zwischen dem Rückschlagventil 4 und dem Umschaltventil 3 zweigt von der Saugleitung 7' die weitere Leitung 8 ab, die wie bereits erwähnt in den Ausgleichsraum 1c mündet.The check valves 4, 5 are arranged such that the fluid flow to the pump 2 can only flow via the suction line 7 'and away from the pump 2 only via the pressure line 6'. Between the check valve 4 and the changeover valve 3, the further line 8 branches off from the suction line 7 ′ and, as already mentioned, opens into the equalization chamber 1c.

Nachfolgend soll die Funktionsweise der zuvor beschriebenen Anordnung erklärt werden:The mode of operation of the arrangement described above is explained below:

Figur 1 zeigt den Differentialzylinder 1 in der Grundstellung, wobei in dieser Darstellung der Kolben 10 noch keinen Weg zurückgelegt hat, sich also noch in Ruhestellung befindet.FIG. 1 shows the differential cylinder 1 in the basic position, the piston 10 not yet having traveled any distance in this illustration, that is to say it is still in the rest position.

Das Umschaltventil 3 ist so geschaltet, daß von der Pumpe 2 über das Rückschlagventil 5 bzw. die Druckleitung 6' Hydraulikflüssigkeit in den Hydraulikstrang 6 und von dort in den Druckraum 1a des Differentialzylinders 1 gelangen kann.The changeover valve 3 is switched so that hydraulic fluid can get from the pump 2 via the check valve 5 or the pressure line 6 'into the hydraulic line 6 and from there into the pressure chamber 1a of the differential cylinder 1.

Durch weiteres Pumpen an der Pumpe 2 wird mit jedem Kompressionshub (Richtung k) das jeweils im Zylinderraum 21 der Pumpe 2 befindliche Hydraulikfluid in den Druckraum 1a des Differentialzylinders 1 geleitet, so daß sich der Kolben 10 auf der Zeichnung nach rechts bewegt. Gleichzeitig fließt das durch den Kolben 10 verdrängte Volumen aus dem Druckraum 1b über den Hydraulikstrang 7, Saugleitung 7' und, da das Rückschlagventil 4 durch den Druckaufbau im Druckraum 21 der Pumpe 2 gesperrt wird, über die Leitung 8 in den Ausgleichsraum 1c.By further pumping on the pump 2, the hydraulic fluid located in the cylinder chamber 21 of the pump 2 is conducted into the pressure chamber 1a of the differential cylinder 1 with each compression stroke (direction k), so that the piston 10 moves to the right in the drawing emotional. At the same time, the volume displaced by the piston 10 flows from the pressure chamber 1b via the hydraulic line 7, suction line 7 'and, since the check valve 4 is blocked by the pressure build-up in the pressure chamber 21 of the pump 2, via the line 8 into the compensation chamber 1c.

Am Ende des Kompressionshubes nimmt die Membran 18, die in der Figur 1 gestrichelt gezeichnete Stellung ein, wobei das dann von der Membran 18 und der Trennwand 16 eingeschlossene Volumen dem erfolgten Pumpvolumen der Pumpe 2 zuzüglich dem Verdrängungsvolumen des Teils der Kolbenstange 11, der in den Druckraum 1a eingetaucht ist, abzüglich dem Kompressionsvolumen der Hydraulikflüssigkeit entspricht. Das Kompressionsvolumen der Hydraulikflüssigkeit kann, da es ja zusätzlich im Druckraum 1a zum Druckaufbau benötigt wird, nur wieder aus dem Ausgleichsraum 1c bezogen werden. Da die Membran 18 andererseits über den Anschluß 17 mit der Atmosphäre in Wirkverbindung steht, wirkt in dem Hydraulikstrang 7, Saugleitung 7' Leitung 8 nur die durch die Spannkraft der Membran auf das Hydraulikfluid aufgebrachte Druckkraft. Wenn die Eigenspannkraft der Membrane 18 nicht ausreichend sein sollte, kann zusätzlich eine sich am Zylinderdeckel 9 einerseits und der dem Ausgleichsraum 1c abgewandten Seite der Membran 18 andererseits abstützende Druckfeder 14 vorgesehen werden (Figur 4). Beim anschließenden Saughub (Richtung S) der Pumpe 2 öffnet das Rückschlagventil 4, so daß das im Ausgleichsraum 1c befindliche Volumen über die Leitungen 8, Saugleitung 7' in den Druckraum 21 der Pumpe 2 zurückströmt. Gleichzeitig sperrt das federbelastete Rückschlagventil 5 die Druckleitung 6', so daß der Kolben 10 seine Lage beibehält. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich solange, bis der Kolben 10 seine in Figur 2 gezeigte Endstellung eingenommen hat. Die Spreizarme 27 und 28 sind dann vollständig geöffnet.At the end of the compression stroke, the diaphragm 18 assumes the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 1, the volume then enclosed by the diaphragm 18 and the partition wall 16 being the pump volume of the pump 2 plus the displacement volume of the part of the piston rod 11 which is in the Pressure chamber 1a is immersed, minus the compression volume of the hydraulic fluid. The compression volume of the hydraulic fluid, since it is also required in the pressure chamber 1a to build up pressure, can only be obtained again from the compensation chamber 1c. Since the diaphragm 18, on the other hand, is operatively connected to the atmosphere via the connection 17, only the pressure force exerted on the hydraulic fluid by the tensioning force of the diaphragm acts in the hydraulic line 7, suction line 7 '. If the internal clamping force of the diaphragm 18 should not be sufficient, a compression spring 14, which is supported on the cylinder cover 9 on the one hand and on the side of the diaphragm 18 facing away from the compensation space 1c on the other hand, can additionally be provided (FIG. 4). During the subsequent suction stroke (direction S) of the pump 2, the check valve 4 opens, so that the volume in the compensation chamber 1c flows back via the lines 8, suction line 7 'into the pressure chamber 21 of the pump 2. At the same time, the spring-loaded check valve 5 blocks the pressure line 6 ', so that the piston 10 maintains its position. This process is repeated until the piston 10 reaches its end position shown in FIG. 2 has taken. The spreading arms 27 and 28 are then fully open.

Sofern abschließend ein Saughub durchgeführt wird, befindet sich im Ausgleichsraum 1c genausoviel Hydraulikflüssigkeit wie dem Volumen der vollständig im Druckraum 1a eingetauchten Kolbenstange 11 abzüglich dem Kompressionsvolumen entspricht. Diese im Ausgleichsraum 1c befindliche Menge Hydraulikflüssigkeit wird benötigt, um den Kolben 10 wieder vollständig in seine andere Endlage bewegen zu können, weil nämlich das maximal faßbare Volumen an Hydraulikflüssigkeit (rechte Kolbenendlage) des Druckraumes 1a um das Volumen der Kolbenstange 11 zuzüglich des Kompressionsvolumens der Hydraulikflüssigkeit kleiner ist als das maximale Volumen des Druckraumes 1b (linke Kolbenendlage).If a suction stroke is finally carried out, there is as much hydraulic fluid in the compensation chamber 1c as the volume of the piston rod 11 completely immersed in the pressure chamber 1a, minus the compression volume. This quantity of hydraulic fluid located in the compensation chamber 1c is required in order to be able to move the piston 10 completely back into its other end position, because namely the maximum tangible volume of hydraulic fluid (right piston end position) of the pressure chamber 1a by the volume of the piston rod 11 plus the compression volume of the hydraulic fluid is smaller than the maximum volume of the pressure chamber 1b (left piston end position).

Hierbei gilt die Gleichung: V 1a = V 1b - V Kst + V Komp.

Figure imgb0001

wobei:

V1a
-maximal faßbares Volumen an Hydraulikflüssigkeit des Druckraumes 1a bei vollständig eingefahrenem und belastetem Kolben 10
V1b
-Volumen des Druckraumes 1b bei vollständig ausgefahrener Kolbenstange 11 (Grundstellung)
Vkst
-Volumen der vollständig eingefahrenen Kolbenstange 11
Vkomp.
-Kompressionsvolumen der Hydraulikflüssigkeit
The equation applies here: V 1a = V 1b - V Kst + V Comp.
Figure imgb0001
in which:
V 1a
Maximum volume of hydraulic fluid in the pressure chamber 1 a with the piston 10 fully retracted and loaded
V 1b
- Volume of the pressure chamber 1b with the piston rod 11 fully extended (basic position)
V kst
- Volume of the fully retracted piston rod 11
V comp.
- Hydraulic fluid compression volume

Durch Umschalten des Umschaltventils 3 wird die bisherige Strömungsrichtung in den Hydrauliksträngen 6 und 7 geändert, so daß mit jedem Kompressionshub des Pumpkolbens 22 Hydraulikmedium in den Druckraum 1b fließt und sich der Kolben 10 des Differentialzylinders 1 in Richtung seiner Grundstellung (auf der Zeichnung nach links) bewegt. Neben der kompakten Bauform des Differentialzylinders 1 ist durch die Membran 18 außerdem gewährleistet, daß die für das zuverlässige Ansaugen maßgebende Mündung der Leitung 8 im Ausgleichsraum 1c in jeder Lage des Differentialzylinders 1 von Hydraulikflüssigkeit umgeben ist, und somit die Pumpe 2 immer ansaugen kann.By switching the changeover valve 3, the previous direction of flow in the hydraulic lines 6 and 7 is changed, so that with each compression stroke of the pump piston 22 hydraulic medium flows into the pressure chamber 1b and the piston 10 of the differential cylinder 1 moves in the direction of its basic position (to the left in the drawing). In addition to the compact design of the differential cylinder 1, the membrane 18 also ensures that the mouth of the line 8, which is decisive for the reliable suction, in the compensation chamber 1c is surrounded by hydraulic fluid in every position of the differential cylinder 1, and thus the pump 2 can always prime.

Die Funktionsweise des Hydraulikaggregats wurde an einem Spreizwerkzeug erläutert. Selbstverständlich kann auch ein Schneidwerkzeug oder kombiniertes Spreiz-Schneidwerkzeug eingesetzt werden.The operation of the hydraulic unit was explained using a spreading tool. Of course, a cutting tool or a combined spreading cutting tool can also be used.

Bei der in Figur 3 gezeigten Stellung des Umschaltventils 3 kann im Druckraum 1b auch Druck aufgebaut werden, so daß dann der Hydraulikstrang 6 zur Saugleitung wird. Folglich ist dann das sich beim Ausfahren der Kolbenstange 11 schließende Werkzeug kraftbeaufschlagt.In the position of the changeover valve 3 shown in FIG. 3, pressure can also be built up in the pressure chamber 1b, so that the hydraulic line 6 then becomes the suction line. As a result, the tool that closes when the piston rod 11 is extended is subjected to force.

Claims (4)

  1. A hydraulic unit for driving a tool, substantially comprising a pump (2), a double-acting differential cylinder (1) and a piston rod (11) extending from one end of the cylinder casing (15) and actuating the tool (25, 26, 27, 28), the associated piston (10) separating two pressure chambers (1a, 1b) which can be connected by a change-over valve (3) optionally to the delivery pipe (6') or to the suction pipe (7') of the pump (2), the suction pipe (7') being connected to a compensation chamber (1c) having a diaphragm (18) for varying the effective volume of the compensation chamber (1c), characterised in that
    - the volume of the compensation chamber (1c) is equal at least to the sum of the volume displaced by the piston rod (11) when completely retracted into the cylinder casing (15), plus the compression volume of the hydraulic fluid and the stroke volume of the pump (2),
    - the compensation chamber (1c) and the pressure chamber (1b) on the side remote from the piston rod (11) are disposed coaxially in the cylinder casing (15) and separated by an unperforated partition (16),
    - the partition (16) is a plug for screwing into the cylinder casing (15), and
    - the differential cylinder (1) and the pump (2) are disposed together in the cylinder casing (15).
  2. A hydraulic unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the side of the diaphragm (18) remote from the partition (16) is operatively connected to atmosphere.
  3. A hydraulic unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a non-return valve (4) is disposed in the suction pipe (7'), the part of the suction pipe (7') between the change-over valve (3) and the non-return valve (4) being connected by a line (8) to the compensation chamber (1c).
  4. A hydraulic unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that on the side remote from the partition (16), the diaphragm (18) is acted upon by a pressure spring (14).
EP90114822A 1989-09-28 1990-08-02 Power unit Expired - Lifetime EP0419810B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3932354 1989-09-28
DE3932354 1989-09-28

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EP0419810A1 EP0419810A1 (en) 1991-04-03
EP0419810B1 true EP0419810B1 (en) 1993-09-22

Family

ID=6390364

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EP90114822A Expired - Lifetime EP0419810B1 (en) 1989-09-28 1990-08-02 Power unit

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US (1) US5105622A (en)
EP (1) EP0419810B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2736336B2 (en)
KR (1) KR0180720B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1022946C (en)
DE (1) DE59002832D1 (en)
PL (1) PL164839B1 (en)
RU (1) RU1838229C (en)

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DE102011009044A1 (en) 2011-01-20 2012-07-26 Lukas Hydraulik Gmbh Ventilation device for ventilation of closed hydraulic circuit of hydraulically operated portable tool in field of rescue technology, has coupling device for releasable connection of suction line with hydraulically operated portable tool

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JP5185107B2 (en) * 2005-04-28 2013-04-17 ベスローテン・フェンノートシャップ・ホルマトロ・インダストリアル・イクウィップメント Tool with hydraulic valve system
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DE102011009044A1 (en) 2011-01-20 2012-07-26 Lukas Hydraulik Gmbh Ventilation device for ventilation of closed hydraulic circuit of hydraulically operated portable tool in field of rescue technology, has coupling device for releasable connection of suction line with hydraulically operated portable tool
DE102011009044B4 (en) * 2011-01-20 2015-09-10 Lukas Hydraulik Gmbh venting device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1022946C (en) 1993-12-01
US5105622A (en) 1992-04-21
PL164839B1 (en) 1994-10-31
JP2736336B2 (en) 1998-04-02
EP0419810A1 (en) 1991-04-03
RU1838229C (en) 1993-08-30
CN1050595A (en) 1991-04-10
DE59002832D1 (en) 1993-10-28
KR0180720B1 (en) 1999-04-15
JPH03121714A (en) 1991-05-23
KR910006625A (en) 1991-04-29

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